Search results for ""Author Leon V Berhardt""

This book includes five chapters, each representing a recent advancement in medicine and biology. Chapter One discusses future aspects of sports medicine and their applications. Chapter Two deals with clinical visual impairment in the elderly population resulting from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Chapter Three reviews recent promising alternatives to protamine, which is currently used as a heparin antagonist but can cause dangerous side effects. Chapter Four describes the factors responsible for the development of diseases such as SARS, MERS, and Ebola. Finally, Chapter Five discusses the future applications of Drosophila melanogaster in neurobehavioural studies.

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In the first chapter, the authors intend to carry on a critical review of the different methods and approaches to determine the biomechanical output of joint stiffness, designated as dynamic joint stiffness by the authors. The second chapter summarizes several preceding articles on invasive procedures applied with questionable clinical indications in the former Soviet Union. The aim of the third chapter is to give information about how to use tacrolimus, in which type of glomerulonephritis and what are the treatment results, especially remission and relapse rates. In the fourth chapter, a ten-week experiment was conducted to assess the effect of supplementing Synechococcus sp. and Synechocystis sp. on the growth performance, haematology, serology and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus. In the final chapter, discussions of the special properties of endothelial cells and their ability to generate the thrombotic microangiopathic syndrome and ARDS are undertaken based upon current knowledge of the capillary endothelial cells. Attempts are made to address the current pathophysiology of non-idiopathic thrombotic microangiopathy.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 164 begins by proposing that first-line chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer consensus molecular subtypes appears to be a prognostic factor that is able to provide information about growth rate. The authors go on to review the current and future applications of bioartificial grafts and conduits in the bridging of peripheral nerve defects. Ginsenoside Rb1 and phosphoramidon are studied in the zebrafish model of diabetic retinopathy, a progressive proliferative and non-proliferative disorder of retina with alterations of the blood-retinal barrier. Basic knowledge on the events from follicle development to implantation crucial to achieve successful conception as well as contraception is presented, describing the mechanism of contraceptive action of Chhaya. Hydroxydaunorubicin, also known as doxorubicin, a metabolite of Streptomyces peucetius and a prominent family member of anthracycline antibiotics is studied. The authors also review the possible mechanisms by which doxorubicin provokes concomitant side effects and clinical disorders, as well as the damage-assaying biochemical markers and the metabolites in these conditions. Updated data with a systematic search through the largest medical information databases is used to assess the therapeutic and preventive role in urinary incontinence of pelvic floor rehabilitation in pregnancy and postpartum. In closing, recent studies on the host and lactic acid bacteria as well as probiotic interactions in terms of molecular and cellular mechanisms of action via signaling pathways, apoptosis, and heat shock proteins are reviewed.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 156 first defines endovascular aortic aneurysm repair as the treating of an abdominal aortic aneurysm by placing a stent graft device over guide wires inside the aneurysmal aorta, with the aim of achieving secure fixation and sealing at non-diseased proximal and distal landing zones. Abdominal aortic aneurysm has an atherosclerotic origin; however, rare cases are immune-related, such as those from IgG4 or infections. Among the infectious agents, the authors discuss tuberculosis bacillus, the Salmonella typhi, but also Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Treponema pallidum. Next, the authors discuss fentanyl, a piperidine derivative opioid analgesic agent that has clinical uses worldwide, originally developed by Janssen and his collegues (Janssen 1959, 309). The systematic name is N-(1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl-N-phenylpropanamide. Since its discovery in the heroin supply in 1979, fentanyl and fentanyl analogs have been linked with epidemics of accidental overdose and death. More recently, the increased contamination of heroin with fentanyl and fentanyl analogs has been associated with accelerated national opioid overdose death rates in the United States. Following this, an overview of the systemic and topical corticosteroids used in dermatology is provided, and new classification methods to improve efficacy and minimize side effects are discussed. The authors go on to discuss prostatitis, an infectious disease caused by several bacteria. Approximately 8.2% of men have been affected by prostatitis which damages the ejaculatory ducts, causing infertility. The silver tree, Abies alba Mill. is a monoecious tree from the Pinaceae family. The fir has several uses in food and cosmetic industry, as well as in phototherapy and traditional medicine. As such, the antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Abies species against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeasts are explored. The penultimate chapter focuses on arthrosis or osteoarthritis of the knee, a local disease of the knee joint, and presents a clinical manifestation of degenerative changes in affected joints. The authors explore how procedures of physical therapy and rehabilitation alone or in combination with pharmacologic treatment can relieve pain and improve function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The concluding chapter describes current concepts regarding the correlation between tinnitus and cochlear implants. Possible physiopathological mechanisms of tinnitus reduction after cochlear implant may involve several aspects, such as habituation, acoustic masking, direct electrical nerve stimulation and cortical reorganization.

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This collection begins by discussing bendamustine, a nitrogen mustard derivative that consists of a meclorethamine group, butyric acid and a benzimidazole ring. Bendamustine has been synthesized in 1963, but in recent years it has been shown to be effective in treating lymphoproliferative diseases and solid tumors. Additionally, the authors present the efficacy of structure variation of bendamustine for the enhancement of the lipid membrane partitioning and tissue penetration, as well as drug-likeness. A total of 10 novel compounds are presented, wherein seven have higher Log P values and three have lower Log P values than that of bendamustine. Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 149 also discusses metabolic syndrome, a growing major clinical challenge for global health resultant from over-consumption of energy and obesity. Following this, the authors address the importance of antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary medicine, focusing on antimicrobial peptides such as nisin as therapeutic alternatives. A study is presented wherein it is concluded that oligodendrocyte dysfunction in multiple system atrophy significantly affects subcortical anatomical pathways. Moreover, the spatial patterns of the glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy contrast with those reported for filamentous neuronal inclusions in other neurodegenerative diseases. Next, the authors summarize the recent discoveries expounding how β-cell identity and heterogeneity evolve in diabetes mellitus, discussing a new perspective of β-cell function salvage in diabetes mellitus development. Yeast cell cycle arrest and its consequences are analyzed in the subsequent chapter. Cell cycle arrest results in programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, wherein cells are made to commit suicide. The penultimate study evaluates the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive and neurophysiological functions in patients with moderate cognitive impairment. Lastly, to investigate the role of CD44 in the development of allergic respiratory inflammation, a mouse model of airway allergic inflammation induced by transnasal administration of helminthic and mite allergens is used to analyze bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and airway hyper responsiveness.

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This volume includes eight chapters which describe recent advances in medicine and biology. Chapter One summarises new therapeutics for the treatment of optic neuritis, a condition involving primary inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury of the optic nerve. Chapter Two uses animal models of viral myocarditis to study the natural history, genetics, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestation of viral myocarditis in humans. Chapter Three evaluates the functions of fibroblast growth factors in physiological mechanisms, their role in maintaining homeostatic balance, their role in signal transduction regulation, metabolism and interactions between organisms, and their relationship with diseases. Chapter Four investigates the potential of antibiotics to fight against the inherently nonspecific adaptation mechanisms of bacteria. Chapter Five deals with new methodologies for drug development to counter the evolution of mechanisms to resist antibiotics such as efflux pumps in bacteria that cause infectious disease. Chapter Six concerns the development of new therapeutic strategies regarding the involvement of brain neuropeptides in alcohol use disorder. Chapter Seven examines growth promotion and changes in functional constituents through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis in Asian ginseng. Finally, Chapter Eight explicates procedures for postoperative care in thoracic surgery.

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This volume discusses the merits and demerits of currently available conventional cholera vaccine delivery systems and therapies, and the potential role of novel nanomaterials-based delivery approaches for the management of cholera. Cholera, the watery diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae, is a major public health issue in the developing world. V. cholerae is a gram negative, facultative anaerobic, aquatic bacterium with single polar flagellum and is a member of γ subdivision of the family Proteobacteriaceae. Following this, the structures and functions of human helicases and the 5-upstream regions of the encoding genes are classified for further investigation. Genetic studies have revealed that mutations in some of these genes are associated with certain human diseases, including Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Cockayne Syndrome and Werner Syndrome. The authors describe a practical exercise where the construction of a pharmacophore model is interpreted with the aid of 2-D structures, while the final model is used in a virtual screening to identify potentially active kinase inhibitors. The use of freely available software and web servers makes this exercise a useful and easily implementable resource for almost any undergraduate student. This compilation also addresses how folate intake during pregnancy is essential for adequate fetoplacental development and for the health of the baby. Neural tube defects are a preventable cause of mortality and morbidity, and the prevalence of neural tube defects has significantly decreased worldwide after the fortification of folic acid. Subsequently, the authors describe recent findings in the storage and supply site, localization, and imaging of high-density lipoprotein in human coronary arteries. In an effort to achieve less invasive surgery justified by better outcomes, lower hospital costs, patient recovery time and cosmetic results, the authors also review innovative surgical techniques such as minilaparoscopy, single incision laparoscopic surgery, natural orifice transluminal surgery and others that are being employed or expected to be the future. The concluding chapter describes several cases where Mycoplasma have led to the electronic contamination of prestigious public data stores.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 155 reviews whether the non-surgical and non-pharmacological interventions commonly used for knee osteoarthritis patients are effective and, if effective, which ones are the most effective. For this, randomized controlled trials were identified through electronic databases. Following this, the authors discuss how the early identification of target subjects who are at high cardiometabolic risk is important for critical lifestyle interventions and pharmacological management strategies. Additionally, they discuss the diversity, biotechnological applications and sustainable bioproduction of chitinases enzyme from Streptomyces origin, as well as their properties, production and potential applications in the industrial and biotechnological spheres. New strategies such as the use of atomic force microscopy, the isolation of cardiomyocytes, primary culturing in different types of substrates as well as transcriptomic studies are enabling the understanding of how these cells can be affected by different pathologies. As such, in this compilation these issues are updated by analyzing how new approaches to basic aspects of the structure and physiology of cardiomyocytes can be of clinical relevance. This collection also discusses chitotriosidase and acidic mammalian chitinase belonging to the chitinase family. This family includes 18 chitinases united by the features of their molecular structure. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis is a common, multifactorial process also associated with aging, which frequently causes central canal stenosis. Several types of interbody fusion procedures that may treat of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis are examined, particularly lateral lumbar interbody fusion. The final chapter explores the role surgical intervention plays in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

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Volume 154 first compares the scleral buckle procedure to pneumatic retinopexy and vitrectomy for the repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment to evaluate patient outcomes, single surgery reattachment rate, and complications. Following this, the authors review recent advances in liver organoids differentiated from pluripotent stem cells and discuss the future directions of organoid technology. Additionally, the authors compare the efficacy of low-level red and infrared laser irradiation for the correction of adverse side effects in the oral mucosa in patients receiving (chemo)radiotherapy for oral and pharyngeal cancer. In vivo oral mucosa state monitoring is carried out in patients during the course of oral and pharyngeal cancer radiation/chemoradiation therapy using multimodal optical coherence tomography. An overview of the current methods used for diagnosing, classification of fractures, treatment, and prevention of periprosthetic femur fractures following total hip arthroplasty is provided. This collection also investigates the presence of kyphosis in adolescents and the association between the incidence of kyphosis and age, the average duration of the sports training, body mass index, weight, height and pulse in adolescents who have participated in karate, swimming and handball. The authors attempt to describe advancements in the electrochemistry of cytochrome P450 enzymes and study molecular aspects and catalytic behavior of enzymatic electrocatalysis. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of major causes of liver fibrosis, medicinal plants and the role of medicinal plants in combatting liver fibrosis is provided. Lastly, this compilation recapitulates the history of artificial intelligence in Chinese medicine, focusing on the way Chinese medicine is being revolutionized by this state-of-the-art technology, and how healthcare in China is influenced by various artificial intelligence systems.

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