Search results for ""nova""

Until quite recently most people were either in the dark or in denial about climate change, and even now that the impact is showing up dramatically in (man-made) "natural" disasters such as typhoons, hurricanes, fires, floods, and rising seas, the world remains divided over what action to take and largely ignorant as to what the cost of action will be. The critical issue of who will pay for a climate rescue operation has long been neglected, and now that it is finally coming into focus it is obvious that the potential deficit of finance is matched by a similar deficit of clear thinking on how to marshal and deploy the funds needed to transition successfully from a "brown" to a "green" global economy. This book discusses the nature of the threat of climate change and the problems faced by governments in combatting climate change, as well as potential solutions.

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Second harmonic generation (SHG) has a wide range of applications in today's technological era, including nonlinear optics, quantum optics, lasers, material science, medical science, biological imaging, and high-resolution optical microscopy. In the laser industry, for example, SHG is prudent to create wavelength-specific high-energy lasers. It is also used to measure ultra-short pulse width with autocorrelators. SHG is now indispensable as a spectroscopic imaging tool in applications, such as biophysical characterization of the plasma membrane, biological sensing, disease diagnostics, and investigations of biomolecular interactions at interfaces. Because of its non-destructive detection, ultrafast response, and polarization sensitivity, SHG is exploited to describe crystal structures and materials. The use of SHG to characterize two-dimensional (2D) material structures gives crucial insights into their physical properties, thereby promoting the development of the relevant basic research, leading to the investigation of the potential applications of those materials. Developments in SHG research hold promising potentials of a large class of materials, such as magnetic- and nonmagnetic layered materials, perovskites, antiferromagnetic oxides, II-VI and III-V semiconductors, and nanotubes, for a variety of technological applications. This book focuses on the process of modelling and simulations of the SHG phenomenon in the area of nonlinear and quantum optics. The first chapter provides a visualization of the scientific landscape of research in SHG using scientometric analysis from 1962 to 2020 based on Scopus database. This chapter gives new postgraduate students in the subject useful information on hot themes in SHG research and how they are related to one another. There is also a brief mention of multinational collaborative networks. The following four research chapters look at the SHG from a classical standpoint, using Maxwell's equations to describe the nonlinear optical interaction between the electromagnetic wave and the medium. Such interaction is treated quantum mechanically in the second section of the book, with the SHG process described using a propagating Hamiltonian. As such, the volume adequately describes the SHG from both the classical and quantum mechanical standpoints. This allows the postgraduate researchers, focusing on the nonlinear phenomena, resulting from light-matter interaction, to find the content useful. In the second part of this volume, readers are introduced to a full theoretical analysis of the quantum features generated in certain optical devices, such as a two-waveguide device working under the SHG and coupled waveguide arrays with the combined second- and third-order nonlinear effects. To be more specific, this part discusses how SHG-enabled devices might be a useful source of nonclassical light. This section remains relevant for postgraduate students commencing their studies in quantum optics, where the nonclassical phenomena, such as squeezing and entanglement, require a solid understanding of the underlying techniques, namely the phase space and the analytical perturbative methods.

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This volume includes eight chapters that detail recent advancements in the field of health and disease. Chapter One investigates the interaction of molybdenum complexes and polyoxometalates with DNA models. Chapter Two discusses the role of superoxide dismutase in sperm capacitation. Chapter Three details various imaging techniques for diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. Chapter Four compares and contrasts dietary supplementation advice for pregnancy from different countries around the world. Chapter Five reviews common electrolyte abnormalities in critically ill patients and provides advice regarding their management. Chapter Six explores the heterogeneity across the spectrum of HDL cholesterol subpopulations and the main components of HDL that participate in the biological activities of HDL. Chapter Seven discusses strategies for the optimization of umbilical cord blood banking. Finally, Chapter Eight concerns the involvement of the breast in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

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This volume includes seven chapters that present recent updates in materials science research. Chapter One reviews recent theoretical investigations on designing single-atom catalysts as efficient electrocatalysts in key energy conversion reactions including the oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Chapter Two investigates the potential of zirconium-based adsorbents for the sequestration of dyes and heavy metals from water bodies. Chapter Three highlights the active centers of catalytic synthesis of ammonia on a sequence of single-atom catalysts, metal alloys and clusters using density functional theory calculations, semi-empirical calculations, microkinetic modeling and experimental data. Chapter Four deals with the application of zirconium and zirconium alloys in the biomedical field. Chapter Five summarizes the latest commercially available strategies for reducing and replacing the use of toxic and polluting sanitizing agents in the food industry while still allowing for a long-lasting effect against bacterial contamination. Chapter Six includes the results of a study of metal matrix composites for identification of non-agglomerated nanodiamonds. Lastly, Chapter Seven shows that electron tunneling through a potential barrier that separates two colloidal quantum dots of germanium leads to the splitting of electron states localized over spherical interfaces.

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This volume includes six chapters, each of which provides updates in the field of engineering research. Chapter One reviews how cognitive radio schemes such as spectrum pooling among others improve the use of millimeter waves in mobile networks. Chapter Two introduces coupling theory and exhibits two manipulation methods for array antennas. Chapter Three describes a hardware implementation of a Simplified Gabor Wavelet transform-based approach for edge detection in image processing. Chapter Four presents a model of using multiple factor analysis and grouping to estimate the disparities in crop production development among different regions. Chapter Five models a cybernetic attack using colored petri nets to modify and delay the transmission of messages. Lastly, Chapter Six presents data mining techniques applied to a road traffic accidents database in Morocco to analyze choke points and intersection types that caused previous accidents.

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This volume includes six chapters describing recent advancements in chemistry research. Chapter One reviews the recent progress and future prospects of blue emitters in view of efficiency and stability. Chapter Two examines the composition of cottonseed, cottonseed oil as a fuel, transesterification of cottonseed oil, and fuel properties of cottonseed oil methyl ester. Chapter Three examines the existing body of literature on the removal of various toxic cations by organobentonites in static and dynamic conditions. Chapter Four discusses the role of superoxide dismutase in oxygen elimination systems and the utility of superoxide dismutase in future therapeutics. Chapter Five reviews recent theoretical attempts to address strong electron correlation effects within the quantum emitter coupled to plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Finally, Chapter Six investigates the effect of cottonseed oil biodiesel addition in diesel fuel on the combustion, performance, and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine.

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Hormonal Treatments in Gynaecology provides a detailed review of all the hormones used in gynaecology. It contains overall information and specific information of each hormone which could be very interesting in real practice.

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This volume includes eight chapters that present recent advancements in the field of psychology research. Chapter One discusses strategies for the prevention of suicide in old age. Chapter Two considers theoretical explanations and research on the operation of systems of emotional regulation and self-compassion in relation to the development and maintenance of problematic social anxiety. Chapter Three provides an overview of the theoretical models that attempt to explain why people perform non-suicidal self-injury behaviors and the link between these behaviors and experiential avoidance. Chapter Four provides a public health framework for how high schools can promote effective adolescent suicide prevention and intervention through the implementation of multi-tiered systems of support. Chapter Five proposes an extraction model of implicit learning operating from a background of semantic relations to explain how children learn to produce and understand the sentences of their community language. Chapter Six outlines some theoretical implications for social anxiety disorder. Chapter Seven aims to inspire discoveries of psychological tactics to decrease vulnerability to cyberattacks and offers suggestions for interventions. Finally, Chapter Eight explores how early attachment experiences affect loneliness in offenders with substance use disorders.

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Events in the contemporary world are available through a great variety of media and most of them consist of images, seemingly reflecting some "reality". Yet there is no clear understanding what constitutes reflection, image, cultural symbolic designs and who is the reflecting Self. The text investigates the difference between visuality, images, vision and the different concepts of reality which are at the base of our understanding of the great varieties of means for reflection - from theological to technical.

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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), a process of utilising on-structure or remote sensing systems and/or imaging techniques to monitor the performance of structures and evaluate their health conditions, has rapidly grown worldwide on its research and industrial practices in recent years. Recent disastrous bridge failures, such as the collapses of the Nanfang'ao tied-arch bridge in Taiwan, the Wuxi National Highway 312 overpass in China, and the Pont de Mirepoix suspension bridge in France, all in the year 2019, and the Mexico City Metro overpass collapse in 2021, have further reminded us of the importance of structural health monitoring for civil infrastructures. During the last three decades, SHM has attracted enormous research efforts around the world because it targets on monitoring structural conditions to prevent catastrophic failure and to provide quantitative data for engineers and infrastructure owners to design reliable and economical asset management plans. This book showcases the recent advancement in SHM research, especially for civil engineering applications in Australia, covering the state-of-the-art SHM technologies together with its latest developments and successful applications. The book provides a glance on the research outcomes in SHM-related areas delivered by some of the experts in Australian universities. This book is launched to mark the significant milestone of the 10th Anniversary of Australian Network of Structural Health Monitoring (ANSHM) and its contribution to the SHM research and practice over the past 12 years since its inception in 2009. The preparation of this book for an intended completion in 2020 was significantly delayed due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Network, comprising leading Australian SHM experts, aims to promote and advance SHM application, education, research and development in Australia. Although the title of the book highlights recent SHM advances in Australia, the technologies and approaches described can be applied around the world.

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The digital age is a modern stage of the development of society and economy, which started with the wide use of the first digital technologies (Internet, mobile communication) and reached its peak amid the Fourth Industrial Revolution due to the dissemination of smart technologies (the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence). The digital age has the highest rate of technological progress in the entire history of industrial revolutions, which predetermines two specific features of this age. The first specific feature is as follows: unlike the previous industrial revolutions, when, despite certain companies' transition to new technologies, other companies -- due to the traditional thinking of society -- preserved the previous technological mode for a long time, the society progressed together with economy. Digital technologies transform not only the processes of production but also the processes of distribution and consumption of products. The growing demand for digital innovations is strong pressure on the market, which does not allow companies to remain aside from the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The second specific feature is that digitalization takes place in waves -- continuously and over-and-over again. This is the difference between the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the previous revolutions when the technological transition was momentary and single-step. Due to this specific feature, there emerged a hypothesis that the digital age could have not one but several industrial revolutions. Followers of this hypothesis suggest considering technological progress in the macro-scale, distinguishing the pre-digital age, which was the time of the first three industrial revolutions, and the digital age, which was opened by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Regardless of the level of the view of the digital age, it is obvious that it requires continuous, step-by-step digital innovations. This book's contribution to the literature on digital innovations is due to offering a new scientific and methodological approach to managing innovative development in the digital age. The main feature of the new approach is active, continuous, and comprehensive interaction between government, society, and entrepreneurship. The advantage of the new approach is the increase of effectiveness of state and corporate management of innovative development, as well as accelerated and well-balanced adaptation of society to the digital age. This book is aimed primarily at scholars studying digital innovations. For them, the book offers fundamental developments, empirical overview, case studies, and scientific and methodological recommendations in the sphere of innovative development of state and law, society, and economy in the digital age. Due to its multidisciplinary character, the book will also be of interest to the representatives of various humanitarian disciplines: legal, social, and economic. The book will be also of interest for practicing experts involved with the practice of corporate management and for bodies of public administration of innovative development in the digital age. For them, the book offers various issues of economic and legal regulation of innovative development in the digital age, due to which it could be a theoretical and methodological guide for improving this management.

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This book details the attractive features of algae as a sustainable third-generation feedstock for biorefineries. The commonly explored algal biofuels technologies such as pyrolysis, fermentation, transesterification, gasification, and briquetting/pelleting are assessed in a biorefinery concept and discussed based on resource utilization and sustainability considering biorefinery concepts. Process improvement options for sustainable algal biorefineries are also discussed in this book. Finally, the thermo-environmental sustainabilities of algal biorefineries using exergy and life cycle assessment (LCA) tools are reviewed and assessed based on literature data.

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This compilation provides some updates in the field of neuroscience research. Chapter One collects up-to-date research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and elucidates the temporal development of this disorder. Chapter Two explains the role of lipid peroxidation in the development of hydrocephalic astrogliosis. Chapter Three is devoted to the effect of pyrimidine derivatives on changes in mitochondrial function in rats under conditions of permanent cerebral ischemia. Chapter Four investigates the relationship between PTSD and the brain's spatio-temporal dynamics through an experimental study on mice. Chapter Five provides an overview on studies to treat social cognition disturbances in mental disorders such as schizophrenia with transcranial direct current stimulation and discusses its neurobiological mechanisms. Finally, Chapter Six deals with the role of nucleosome ensembles in the control of the visual apparatus as a neuro controller in the operative work of the brain as a whole.

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This volume presents some of the latest research updates related to health and disease. Chapter One investigates how traditional Chinese medicine can be leveraged in service of assisted reproductive technology. Chapter Two includes details about several drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Chapter Three reviews the changing perspective of infection prevention and control measures in maternal and child healthcare settings. Chapter Four examines the role that infection control nurses play in the infection prevention and control teams of healthcare centers. Chapter Five explores some psycholinguistic aspects of illness narratives in patients with pulmonary hypertension as a therapeutic means to lessen patients' disease-related burden and promoting the sense-making of their illness experience. Lastly, Chapter Six highlights the prognostic value of various microRNAs with reference to chronic kidney disease.

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This book explains the global business management domain in the current scenario and it covers the latest concepts in business and technologies applied for their successful implementation. The growth of global corporations has led to the development of new business strategies by the applications of new technologies. The critical success factors of business management depend on the successful applications of information systems and information technologies. To achieve competitive advantages, business management is applying strategies from technological perspectives for various concepts such as customer relationship management, cost management, marketing management, etc. COMPETITIVE TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT describes the applications and concept of IS in business management and presents the success stories of business. The book assesses competitive business management from an IS and IT perspective, examining business development policies linked to the profitability of global firms. The book covers comprehensive topics such as use of green technology in business processes, machine learning in business education, and artificial intelligence in the business sector. This book will drive readers to actively think through the most fundamental business concepts developed by IS and IT in the current competitive landscape and provides answers to questions such as: what are the new drivers of Business Management? and how do businesses apply IS and IT? The current Covid pandemic has caused serious financial loss to developing countries, and this book will help to explore new options of expanding markets for businesses by the applications of IS and IT.

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As the world recovers from the unprecedented outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the field of education continues to cushion the impacts of school closures and teaching disruption through various measures. E-learning, while not new, has taken a greater role in mitigating the effects of the pandemic. This book is not only a collection of chapters shared by researchers and academics but also a manifestation of the dedication of those involved in the pursuit of providing equitable and quality education through the support of e-learning tools and platforms.

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