Search results for ""university press of america""

This book offers an in-depth exploration of the work of Alasdair MacIntyre, one of the leading social and ethical philosophers of our time. Because MacIntyre's historical and philosophical arguments exhibit great erudition and a dense style, his work is sometimes not so accessible to readers who might otherwise find his thought enlightening. Bruce Ballard provides a great service in Understanding MacIntyre, clearly explaining the philosopher's basic tenets as set forth in the works After Virtue, Whose Justice? Which Rationality? and Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry. A thorough summary of MacIntyre's philosophy is followed by a critical discussion of his ideas and a comparison of his work with that of other philosophers. Understanding MacIntyre is a seminal study that will contribute greatly to our understanding of contemporary philosophy.

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Conversion, Identity, and Power examines how the introduction of the church as a new social institution affects social exchanges, power relationships, and social identity in the Tagal communities. A. Sue Russell uses resources, control of resources, and social exchanges to obtain these resources, from Richard Adams' definition of social power forms as a framework for studying the impact of this new social institution. She focuses on the two key power relationships in Tagal society: the relationships formed to gain supernatural resources, and the relationship between wife-giver and wife-taker formed through the payment of bridewealth. Russell explains that Christianity offered a superior source for supernatural knowledge and abilities, which have social value in Tagal society. She details the control of the church over supernatural resources and how the people enter into social exchanges to obtain the benefits of these resources. The author also examines how the shift in social exchanges for supernatural resources impacted other social exchanges and power relationships, providing new insights into the dynamics of cultural changes resulting from the introduction of Christianity.

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The Muffled Cries presents a multidisciplinary, historical, overview of the role of the writer and literature during Brazil's military dictatorship between 1964 and 1985. Nancy T. Baden brings together numerous sources, including personal interviews, periodicals, and books translated into English for the first time, to expose the ironies, subtleties, and complexities of the Brazilian cultural milieu under authoritarianism. She explores Brazilian fiction and poetry within this historical framework, in order to portray the role of the writer within the cultural context based on self-perception and the views of others. Baden also examines the official and unofficial controls imposed by the state and the effects they had on the literature produced. Following the varying phases of authoritarianism, she found many experimental techniques and exaggerated realism in use as a method of showing resistance by revealing the underlying sociopolitical problems, and protesting against the military. This ground-breaking work provides much new insight into the history and literature of Brazil from 1964 to 1985.

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The Profession of Ignorance provides a readable discussion in dialogue form of the philosophy of "ignorance" as practiced by Socrates, who claimed a kind of knowledge of ignorance as human wisdom. Martin McAvoy shows that understanding this profession of ignorance is essential to understanding the character of Plato's Socrates. He begins by explaining that to comprehend this concept, Socrates' repeated claim that he is ignorant must be believed. In claiming this ignorance, Socrates claims a kind of knowledge. This knowledge of ignorance is the central paradox of Socrates' wisdom, generating his mission and elenchus. McAvoy presents the concept of thinking as a dialogue between knowledge and ignorance. In this dialogue, one asks as if ignorant, and one answers as if knowing. This very form questions the reality of knowledge. McAvoy questions the nature of knowledge, since it appears that one can not be sure exactly what is knowledge, but can recognize that it exists, though always ignorant of precisely what it is. He acknowledges and utilizes the presence of a double irony, that in an important sense, makes the profession of ignorance sincere. The use of the dialogue form reflects this double irony, and exhibits McAvoy's profession of ignorance as a claim to knowledge, just as in the case of Plato's.

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Merlin's Secret reopens the debate involving the diffusionist proposal of the non-Aryan (East African, Egyptian, North African, and Near Eastern) origins of early Britons who inhabited the British Isles from the Neolithic period to the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons. It also questions the possibility of mixed African, Asiatic, and European origins for the numerous Moorish immigrants, Gypsies, and other Norman families who arrived during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Robert N. List not only follows the work of numerous scientists, anthropologists, historians, linguists, poets, and ethnologists, who have argued the case for non-Aryan, and mixed-Aryan origins of many inhabitants, but examines the emergence of a cometary religion in the early British Isles. He proposes a new synthesis of the evidence of Afroasiatic cultural imports that influenced language, art, and religion in the early British Isles. This revisionist synthesis brings together evidence that should stimulate a complete reexamination of the ethnic complexity of the British Isles.

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The Greening of Central Europe evaluates the environmental policies of Central Europe, using Poland and the Czech Republic as examples. John W. Sutherlin recognizes that since the Earth Summit II meeting in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, most states have attempted to incorporate the principles of sustainable development into their national environmental and economic management policies, in turn leading to less pollution and more favorable economic conditions in the long term. However, achieving this goal in the states that emerged from Soviet domination would seem nearly impossible. So Sutherlin portrays the political changes in Poland and the Czech Republic as a foundation for understanding the formation of environmental policy. He then summarizes how well each state has incorporated the principles of sustainable development into their policy-making systems. Finally, he evaluates various environmental measurements, including air quality, deforestation, and public health, to assess the successes and failures of each state. His conclusions provide a mixed result for sustainable development, especially for the transitional states in Central Europe, yet the evidence shows that the "greening" of central Europe has begun.

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Myth in the Works of Chingiz Aitmatov examines the use of mythology in the work of the contemporary Kirghiz writer Chingiz Aitmatov. Nina Kolesnikoff traces Aitmatov's reliance on myth beginning with his early stories which introduce mythological motifs, and ending with his latest novels, which juxtapose mythological and realistic narratives. She particularly focuses on Aitmatov's two novellas which use myth as a structural element that influences all other components and determines the final structure. In addition, she traces the sources of his mythological influence to Central Asia, including that of the Kirghiz tribe, but she also uncovers elements of Greek mythology, and the Bible. Kolesnikoff explores the unexpected influence of the Bible on a writer from within the Muslim tradition, yet the Bible provides a rich source for many of his latest novels. She concludes by contending that Aitmatov's The White Steamship, and Spotted Dog Running Along the Seashore represent the most successful examples of modern prose constructed in accordance with the general mythological traditions and structural principles.

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Artists and Attic sees the relationship between architecture and literature as a concrete reflection of nineteenth century ideology creating an iconic picture of women's position in society and literature during that period. In the Victorian house, the attic is hidden and neglected, yet to a woman artist, it is a space of her own to produce a text of her own. The author presents the neglected attic as related to the neglected woman and the limited space symbolizes the confinement of woman and the woman writer, yet obtaining this space of her own becomes the central concern to women and women writers. This book explores the function of the attic in nineteenth century British and American women's writing, as it is given meaning and life by the writers. To many of the women, the attic created a paradoxical image of their seclusion, but also of their own poetic space for freedom in creation. Many of the writers see the attic as a retreat to escape from patriarchal oppression and a place to seek social identity.

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The Mob's Daily Number provides an in-depth historical and sociological examination of the numbers gambling industry that continues to generate significant income for organized criminals. In addition this study uses the findings to assess the utility of the major theoretical perspectives in the study of organized crime. The author begins with a description of the basic structure and functioning of the numbers game and a social and political history of illegal lotteries from the time of the colonial American/British government to the present numbers game still prospering in many urban communities. He then discusses and analyzes illegal markets and illegal firms before moving into the impact that organized crime generally and numbers gambling specifically have on community "social processes," coupled with a description of the social characteristics of numbers personnel, and the significance of those issues in understanding illegal enterprises. The author concludes with a thorough description of the of the major organized crime theories and the application of the presents findings to those broad theoretical paradigms encompassing the greater theoretical concerns in the realm of organized crime.

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Language and Style in The Inheritors; links the linguistic characteristics of the language of William Golding's underappreciated second novel with larger stylistic and thematic issues to achieve a satisfying and persuasive interpretation while also demonstrating the usefulness and effectiveness(and some of the limitations) of linguistic and computer-assisted approaches, without being overwhelmingly theoretical or technical. This analysis uses comparative data from a corpus of more than thirty British and American novels to compare and contrast with the contents of The Inheritors. It begins with a discussion of point of view, style, and interpretation and moves into an examination of The Inheritors in regard to other works that focus on it. The author then provides a discussion of Golding's manipulation of transitivity to produce the animistic character of the novel, and a statistical analysis of its readability, sentence complexity, and vocabulary complexity, followed by an analysis of diction. He concludes with an integration of the linguistic discoveries with important thematic issues, and a consideration of altered versions of The Inheritors.

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Euripides and Alcestis demonstrates the inherent presence of indeterminacy in Euripides' play, Alcestis. The author uses about eighty of the scholarly attempts to establish a determinate meaning of the play to exhibit the difficulty and lack of success in previous attempts at interpretation. She recognizes that the meaning of the play is surrounded by ambiguity and indeterminacy and provides an interpretation based on this knowledge. As an interpretation, the author focuses on Admetus' desire in relation to Alcestis' statue and his nature as a fifth century Athenian man while exposing Alcestis as a nonidentity. She also analyzes the issues of representation and spectatorship, showing that the theatrical performance is constructed in order to function as vehicles for the satisfaction of a dominant position-that of Admetus and the spectator of the performance.

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Hortense Allart provides a biography of the French feminist and Romantic writer from the nineteenth century. Allart was a close friend and correspondent of several well-known writers of her time, including Chateaubriand, Sainte-Beuve, Béranger, George Sand, and Marie d'Agoult, and was a first cousin of the poet Sophie Gay de Girardin. In addition to her novels, political and religious essays, and historical writings, her most famous essay Le Femme et la Democratie de Nos Temps makes her stand out in her own time, and serves as a significant precursor to the twentieth century feminist literary movement. The author intermingles biographical information with analyses of her ten novels and her chief essay, and analyzes in modern feminist critical terms how Allart prefigured the reach for a gynocentric language that is the focus of contemporary women's writing, using the original French to quote Allart's works.

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From Slumber to Awakening argues that when investigating the cultural and historical predicament of segments of any society a close examination of the literal expression of the people is necessary to understand their human condition better. To accomplish this, the individual psyches of authors and poets must be delved into, and in this case was accessed through personal interviews. This study approaches the unique social position of the Arab Israelis through an exploration of culture and history. The examination of the literature itself begins with Israeli literature from the broad perspectives of both the prose and poetry forms and then moving into the literature and literati themselves one by one exploring the lives of the writers while superimposing their human experiences with the expressions and stories of their creative works. This examination, along with the interviews, defines the Arab Israeli minority as a group while also comparing them to Jewish Israeli writers who are close to the Arab Israeli situation.

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Three Crises in Early English History gives a clear, concise, and up-to-date account of the three crises in early English history beginning with the Norman Conquest which began with the battle of Hastings and ended in William the Conqueror's Suppression of the Yorkshire rebels in 1071. There is a detailed account of the positive and negative effects of the Conquest on English government. A special effort is made to explain King John's judicial and financial expedients, which collectively drove a determined minority of the country's baronage into the open rebellion that led to the sixty-three clauses of the Magna Carta. The book concludes with four connected essays of the Wars of the Roses, which resulted from England's defeat in the Hundred Years' War and the ineffectual rule of Henry VI and lasting a whole generation. Here these complicated episodes and the colorful figures involved, like Richard of York, Warwick the Kingmaker, and Edward the IV are laid out clearly for the reader.

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Theology: The Story of God's Love provides a modern and accessible introduction to Roman Catholic theology based loosely on the magisterial but difficult work of Bernard Lonergan. The author invites a reflection on the theology of the individual personal story and then expands to the story of the Church and the history of its doctrines. After a creative retelling of the story for present and future generations, the whole process is reflected upon, and the vital balance between the personal, the traditional, and the creative is assessed. The author provokes an involved reflection on the self and Catholic tradition as a means to provide an introduction to the concepts of Catholic theology as it approaches the twenty-first century.

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Philosophy was born in India in the late 8th century, at a crucial but troubled time in the emergence of a civilization which integrated peoples of northern India with contrasting Aryan and Indus Valley heritages. This book begins with a recalling of the extended historical dynamic that culminated in that time. Given the sketch of the historical background and matrix, the book then attempts an exposition of a number of the important Upanisads (the only surviving first-hand records of the earliest Indian philosophy). Richard Gotshalk provides fresh interpretations and translations of the Upanisads, and places his exposition of the philosophical material in the relevant historical context. The work concludes with a brief sketch of features and emphases which mark the Upanisadic realization of philosophical thought and distinguish it from philosophy as realized in its beginnings in China and Greece. In an appendix the work also offers a translation of the parts of the eleven Upanisads treated in the main text.

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Fire in the Andes is a trenchant comparative analysis of why the U.S. drug wars in Bolivia and Peru are failing. While frequent anti-drug battles are won, a flawed policy analysis and strategy have led to strategic foreign policy defeat in the region. This book fills an important gap in our in-depth knowledge of U.S. foreign policy and its application in the drug wars of the high Andes region of South America. Written from the perspective of a former active participant in the U.S. anti-drug policy formulation and implementation efforts, the study uses an in-depth comparative approach to evaluate the effectiveness of the U.S. anti-drug foreign policy in Bolivia and Peru which currently comprise the primary focus of the Clinton Administration's counter-drug efforts to combat narcotrafficking at the source in Latin America today.

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The Myths of Herakles in Ancient Greece surveys the rich legacy of Herakles's representations during the Archaic and Early Classical periods and joins to this survey a scholarly apparatus that summarizes and refers to a good portion of the work completed on the meanings and descriptions of these manifestations. Organized into complementing 'synchronic' and 'diachronic' perspectives, the Greeks' most popular but also most complex 'hero-god' emerges to the reader in a straightforwardly written appreciation.

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Media Access and the Military shows that, in the context of war, the simple typologies of the press which have been accepted as conventional wisdom are not only out of date, but err in classifying societies monolithically. Within the national culture of the United States, military and media groups differ in the way each frames its vision of the role of the press, and the result is conflict. This study offers a uniquely detailed description of the daily negotiations between the military and the press corps over battlefield access during the Gulf War, and explains how their differing views of the media's role influenced policy.

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Blair's new translation of Plato's Republic is more readable and accessible than any translation on the market. Blair makes a persuasive case for using "honesty" rather than "morality" when translating a key Greek term. In this sense, the book is a radical departure from much of Plato scholarship. The author argues that the book is first and foremost an ethical treatise investigating the question of whether honesty is the best policy or not, and only secondarily a political treatise. Includes an introduction to the translation and an overview of the book to guide readers new to Plato.

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This book argues that Chaucer's theory of translation is based upon particular hermeneutic procedures of the day applied to the authoritative literary texts in the European cultural tradition. These texts encompass the European tradition extending from Plato through Christian humanism and Jean de Meun to Italian and French contemporaries. The work displays Chaucer's development as a translator from early attempts to render contemporary French poetry in an English courtly idiom to the later masterly translations in Troilus andThe Canterbury Tales. The later translations disdain mirroring Latin and vernacular texts with English and instead read through the surface of a literary source to a sense Chaucer 'discovers' or 'invents'. Throughout the book, emphasis is placed on Chaucer's sensitivity to the poetic possibilities in the polysemy of the English language.

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This book documents organized medicine's communications to its members about chiropractic, demonstrating how by fighting chiropractic, organized medicine was serving itself and the profession: focusing on unity in the face of factionalism, demonstrating its superiority in the face of a doubting public, and developing and maintaining its dominance in the face of bureaucratic and legislative challenges to that dominance. Much has been written about how medicine's opposition to chiropractic spurred that profession to fight for its survival. This book shows how medicine's opposition to chiropractic was just as important for the development of medicine.

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Spanning more than fifty years of contemporary thought, this collection of essays and reviews by one of the century's most distinguished philosophical critics represents an intellectual odyssey that will reward readers with a creative and penetrating gloss on the major scholarly, political, and literary topics of the era. Throughout his long career, Martin Lebowitz continually sought order in society and in intellectual activity. His writings combine reason and passion with a keen and elegant style, reflecting an education both broad and deep. The author's interests over decades in a rapidly changing world extended to all areas of philosophy, ethics and aesthetics, art and literature, physics and psychiatry, sociology and psychology, providing insight into a dazzling array of subjects. Collected here for the first time, these essays and reviews present a profound and coherent system of modern social and philosophical commentary.

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Deductive Logic is designed as an intermediate-level text directed at upper-division students from philosophy and the humanities. Its focus is exclusively on deductive logic, avoiding altogether topics such as informal reasoning and scientific method normally included in introductory logic courses. Its exposition of logical topics is informal, with emphasis on explaining the basic concepts and procedures of modern symbolic logic in the simplest and most intuitive manner possible rather than on developing a rigorous formal system and providing proofs of its properties. The fact that the text presupposes a course offered to philosophy students and serves to introduce them to logic as the "language of philosophy" has strongly influenced the selection of topics. The topics here are controversial, and the problems not easily resolved, but this text strives to relate the formal logical structures introduced to issues of philosophic interest.

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The analysis of the constitutional development of Puerto Rico has been dominated by two major perspectives: political gradualism and classical colonialism. Gradualist analysis suggests that the constitutional development of Puerto Rico followed a pattern of gradual progression toward the goal of increasing self-government. A variant of this approach views the creation of particular constitutional laws for Puerto Rico as the result of United States experimentation in colonial policy-making. The classical colonialism approach presents the Puerto Rican constitutional laws as instruments of economic and military exploitation of Puerto Rico. Both approaches oversimplify the social complexity of those involved in the creation of constitutional laws. This book provides an alternative view which recognizes the role of social conflicts and social contradictions in the development of the constitutional laws of Puerto Rico.

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The International Working Men's Association, now called the First International, was the first successful attempt to organize labor on local, national, and international levels. It emerged after the great outpouring of socialist ideology, primarily French, prior to the 1860s and before the rooting of labor unions and socialist parties in the latter part of the nineteenth century. The First International in France is designed to serve as a history of the First International in France, as well as serve as a basic reference for those whose interest or research touches on the International. When used in conjunction with key texts by Roger Morgan, Henry Collins, and Max Nettlau, it will be useful in producing a much-needed synthesis of the International as a whole.

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War as an Instrument of Policy examines the principles of war and how they may apply to the method of decision making in the higher realms of government when military and civilian leaders meet. It begins with an exploration of the emergence of a new kind of limited war beginning with the Vietnam conflict and discusses the principles of war along with typical military theory and strategy to clearly provide an understanding of the thought processes and actions behind the conducting of a war. Two contemporary examples, the Gulf War in 1990 and the South African invasion of Angola in 1987, provide the opportunity to examine the process of military decision-making on every level in these conflicts. Finally, methods of successfully and carefully employing a military methodology of decision making to capitalize on the success of war are suggested.

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U.S. naval history should not be studied merely as a record of battles lost and won but as a part of a nation's exercise of power. In this work, major events are fleshed out with relevant material from such areas as military power, economic warfare, diplomacy, and propaganda. The reader can thus gain an appreciation of the influence of sea power as one of the agencies that nations use in conducting their international relations. The book offers examples of how naval officers gained control of the seas as armaments evolved. The influence of sea power upon history is stressed along with emphasis on strategic decision-making, the characteristics of successful leadership, and the evolution of naval weapons, tactics, amphibious doctrine, and administration.

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Drawing from sacred scriptures, world religions, literature, philosophy and psychology, this monograph explores them as universal sources of religious experience and mysticism. It systematically establishes the similarities and differences between them as well as their distinctions from aesthetic experiences and mystical thought. Examples from religious experience show that it is perceived in space-time categories while mystical experience transcends all these experiencing union. It is this characteristic of mysticism which unifies World Mysticism regardless of the religious, cultural, or philosophical background. This book is divided into three major parts: Part I focuses on "Religious Experience"; Part II on Mysticism; and Part III integrates the results within the larger scope of the awareness of the diversity of Transcendence. The introduction and conclusion structure both the inquiry and results.

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This book proposes the parallel concept that authentic faith development both presupposes and facilitates authentic human development. Thomas Aquinas posited a reciprical relationship between nature and grace: grace both presupposes or builds on nature, and perfects nature. Translated into developmental terms, this would mean that religious and spiritual growth takes place on the foundation of healthy human growth and, reciprically, the authentic religious development facilitates development towards the goals of authentic human growth. This study attempts to investigate the validity of this reciprical relationship as it applies to human and religious growth. A dialogue is constructed between the views of four Christian thinkers (Kierkegaard, Barth, Bultmann, and Tillich) on the dynamics of the Christian faith experience and four psychological theorists (Alsler, Fromm, Allport, and Frankl) on the dynamics of human growth.

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This book examines how the political and legislative process, and political money corrupt the enactment of a true banking reform legislation. The focus of the book is FIDICIA and all that surrounded it. The book's greatest contribution lies in examining the political process which fields the grounds and the groundrules on which banking institutions compete. This has never been taken into consideration with regard to banking. The book is intended for policymakers, banking and political science scholars and students, bankers and investment bankers, and the general public.

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This book is a down-to-earth narrative by a Foreign Service officer who, over a 35-year career, participated in the birth and maturity of a world American foreign policy dealing with World War, Cold War, Mideast turbulence, and Third World development. He shows the Service facing Japanese house arrest, reporting on Axis Eastern Europe, operating in communinized Rumania, and participating in Tehran and Baghdad crises. In Washington he was in charge of Balkan affairs, led a prolonged task force during the crucial Nigerian Civil War, and helped structure our global national security operations. The book is intended for both general foreign affairs readers and courses and seminars in American foreign policy, national security policy, cold war, the Balkans, Mideast, and Africa.

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Papers on Presidential Disability and the Twenty-Fifth Amendment describes the formation, efforts, and conclusions of the Miller Center Commission on Presidential Disability and the Twenty-Fifth Amendment—the fourth national commission organized by the Center that advances the ideas on the national improvement of the presidency. Orginally, the group met to advise the Center on the necessity and feasibility of a study of presidential disability, and Commission participants were primarily physicians whose expertise were in medical questions and medical issues. As the study progressed, however, the Commission expanded to include legislators, social scientists, and policy makers who explored a wide range of issues and problems. The book is divided into four sections and an appendix. The first section details the formation of the commission, the preliminary meetings in Washington, D.C., and the subsequent proposals for the study. The second section provides an overview of the role of the presidential physician and describes the burden of conflicting loyalties—to the patient and to the country—he must face. The definition and determination of 'inability to serve' is also debated by both medical and political experts. Related to this discussion is the use of medications and treatments that may impair presidential decision-making abilities. The third section is a series of interviews and correspondence with prominent medical, legal, and political authorities. Topics discussed include: the coordination of law enforcement and national defense in the event of an attack on the president, changes in legal arrangements, the role of Congress during presidential disability, procedures for military command succession, and competing interpretations and reports are provided in the fourth section. They serve as examples of the analyses that took place prior to the formation of the Commission. Included in this section is a memorandum that foretells the differences in thinking between the original medical group that began the Commission and the diverse group as it was eventually comprised. The book concludes with several appendices. They include transfer agreements written in different administrations and an excerpt from Barbara Bush's biography that describes a discussion of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment during the Bush administration.

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Firm Heart and Capacious Mind: The Life and Friends of Etienne Dumont is the first full-length biography of a Renaissance man, the statesman/publicist/jurist/political writer/man of letters who was hailed by Goethe, Macauley and Stendhal as one of the great intellects of his time. Among other activities he advised Mirabeau (he leader of the National Assembly) in the French Revolution, introduced Jeremy Bentham to the world by publishing ten volumes edited and rewritten from Bentham's notes, and led the political struggle that turned Geneva into a democracy. Dumont also played a direct role in such social reforms as the abolition of slavery, corresponding with and advising Samuel Romilly, William Wiberforce and others. A confirmed bachelor, he was admired and at times loved by some of the most prominent women of his time: Lady Holland, Madame de Stael and Maria Edgeworth. There has been no other full-length work, and no book at all in English, on this remarkable man.

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This book deals with current developments in black education in South Africa since the introduction of Bantu education in the beginning of the 1990s. During the period under discussion, improvements have been made in black education. These improvements are partly due to the significant political changes currently taking place in South Africa that are supposed to mark the end of apartheid. Despite these developments, much remains to be done in order to remedy the effects of Bantu education. In particular, providing quality education in black schools will require innovative solutions. Proper planning, developing new teaching strategies, establishing practical educational goals, and identifying and using available resources must be controlled and harnessed to a new social order. Collaboration and coordination of all professionals, particularly blacks, will be a necessity. The process of change requires black participation in finding solutions to their educational problems; this is one of the major challenges facing post-apartheid South Africa. It is evident that there are more challenges that the post-apartheid era will present. This book is aimed at providing tentative alternative solutions to black education.

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The theme of the 23rd Annual Scholars' Conference on the Holocaust and the German Church Struggle, 'The Uses and Abuses of Knowledge,' emphasized the epistemic dimensions of what happened in the Shoah and the accompanying church struggle along with the hermeneutical issues which arise from them. The major plenaries and accompanying panels examined a variety of related topics with particularly focused opportunities for examining how knowledge, as well as power, have been used and abused in the past in addition to raising questions about the ways we remember and attend to our world in the present. Throughout this book, the conference theme is approached from a number of perspectives in varying styles and voices. Individually and collectively, they make it abundantly clear that knowledge is power and consequently what we know as well as how we know are questions we must continually investigate if we are to use the power of knowing wisely and responsibly.

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Constraints in Pulaar Phonology provides clear and convincing analyses and solutions to linguistic phenomena whose treatment in the literature remained unsatisfactory until now. An analysis of the metrical structure and other morphological and phonological processes in Pulaar shows the need for further distinctions beyond the generally admitted binary ones. The argument is supported by various processes that obtain in Pulaar, a dialect of Fula, a language of the West Atlantic Branch of the Niger Congo Language Family. The analyses adopted show Pulaar not only breaks this binary distinction but also makes a four way weight distinction in contrast to other views according to which only a two way weight distinction prevails in languages. The analysis of the metrical system of Pulaar shows that stress assignment is sensitive to the "sonority" hierarchy of the syllables in the word. Four sonority levels (CV < CVC < CVV < CVVC) are distinguished for the syllables. In addition to providing an account of Pulaar metrical structure, phonological and morphological processes, the analyses adopted in this study critiques previous analyses by Taylor (1953), McIntosh (1984), and Prunet and Tellier (1984).

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George Grenville was King George III's First Minister from 1763 to 1765. The central issue of Grenville's administration was to deal with the aftermath of the Seven Year's War, particularly with the sharply increased national debt and the cost of continued protection of the American colonies. In seeking to balance the national budget, he blundered into levying taxes on the Americans. The Sugar Act of 1764 aroused very little opposition or even discussion. But it was an entering wedge. The ease with which it sailed through Parliament led Grenville to propose another American tax, the Stamp Act. This aroused vigorous, even violent opposition, both in America and among the business community in Great Britain. Grenville's career also saw the development of numerous techniques for shaping and manipulating public opinion, and he was intimately involved in using them, particularly the newspaper and pamphlet press. He was one of those principally involved in attempting to suppress John Wilkes and the North Briton No. 45, an episode in the evolution of freedom of the press in Great Britain. Grenville was dismissed from office by the King because of issues that had nothing to do with American taxation. The years between 1765 and 1770, between his dismissal and his death, show a mellowing as well as maturing of his political wisdom. Increasingly he played the role of elder statesmen, advising the House of Commons on important questions concerning not only American taxation but freedom of the press and freedom of elections.

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Wolfgang Borchert was born in Germany in 1921 and died in Basel, Switzerland in 1947. His life effectively paralleled the rise to power of the Nazi regime of the Third Reich in Germany. Borchert wrote directly and indirectly of his experiences during this twelve year time capsule of German history, foremost as a sensitive poet, but also as a soldier drafted into the German army. Borchert's life and work offer a chronicle of and protest to German life under this totalitarian rule. He describes his society as a prison and his experiences in prison as a self-contained social entity. He poignantly portrays the fear and anger felt by German soldiers as they simultaneously combat not only the enemy but also their natural surroundings of earth and snow. A chronicle of Germany's dictatorship and post-war collapse, Borchert's existentially universal themes of confinement, alienation, psychological and physical trauma transcend the events of mid-20th century Germany. The author's almost generic descriptions (never does he mention Germany or Nazism in his writings) find echoes in the events currently appearing almost daily in the news reports of humans' inhumanity to each other.

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This is a comprehensive description and analysis of the 38 Combat-SS Divisions. The author was granted unparalleled access to all SS personnel files housed in the Document Center in Berlin, as well as interviews with veterans who served in these units. The result of this painstaking research is the most definitive work on the Combat-SS to be published in English. The author seeks to present facts that will correct the mythology and propaganda surrounding the 38 Combat-SS divisions since 1945. Contents: Setting the Stage; The Political-Military Heritage; The Formative Years; Unreadiness; Command, Strategy, Operations, Tactics, and Training; A New Elite Formation: The Birth of the Combat-SS; The Start of Armageddon to the Goetterdaemmerung: The W-SS; Atrocities During WW II: Fact or Fiction? The Military Trials and Justice; Appendix; Bibliography.

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This book is a study of the interrelationship between comedy and selfhood. While most people have a clear idea of what is meant by comedy, the notion of a self is much more enigmatic and therefore requires illumination. The book is accordingly divided into two parts: the first attempts to clarify what is meant by a self, and the second applies the resulting schematization of selfhood to the phenomenon of laughter. The two parts echo one another, contributing both to an understanding of comedy and to the ongoing philosophical question of identity.

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This is a collection of essays dealing with ESL/EFL/FL teacher education by experienced ESL/EFL/FL teacher educators and student teachers of different cultural backgrounds, and from different countries. The essays cover topics that focus both on the teacher as learner and the learner as teacher. This book recognizes that the language classroom has a particular culture of its own while being part of a broader school culture. As a result, the multi-foci nature of the chapters serve to present the varied and diverse language education needs, programs, and approaches. Contents: The National Foreign Languages: Can we Get from Here to There?, Sophie Jeffries; FLES Teacher Preparation: Competencies, Content and Complexities, Gladys C. Lipton; Journaling: A Path to Reflective Teacher Development, Aleiline J. Moeller; Alternative Assessment in Foreign Second Language: What do we in Foreign Language Know?, Charles R. Hancock; Where are the African American Foreign Language Teachers?, Mark English; Foreign Language Teacher Education in a Professional Development School, Alan Garfinkel and Carol Sosa; Portfolio Design and the Decision Making Process and in Teacher Education, JoAnn Hammadou; Peer Evaluation in In-Service Teacher Education, Jeannette Morris; Professional Development for Japanese Teachers, Yoshiko Saito; Successful Listening Comprehension Strategies: Implications for Foreign Language Teaching and Teacher Training, Rhonda Chipman-Johnson; Emergent L2 Writing in the French Immersion Classroom: Implications for Teacher Education of Where are the Holes in Whole Language?, Stephen Carey and Rishma Dunlop; Multimedia and Foreign Language Teacher: A Humananistic Perspective, Josef Hellebrandt; Culture: How do Teachers Teach it?, Zena Moore.

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The Politics of the Spirit is an in-depth discussion of the impact of the Spirit upon the community called Church. It is a call to the members of the covenant community to recognize that in the reality of the changing moments in the Church and the world, there are those dark inward times when winter stillness overtakes the Church and would seek to destroy it. It is a call for a contemporary appraisal of the Church's Spirituality when, on the broader scale, there are manifold claims to Spirituality. The breadth of the work is seen in such questions as "What is Spirituality?", "What does it mean to be Spiritually mature?", "What is the relationship between Spiritual authority and political authority in the Church?", "How do we differentiate between the activity of the Spirit in revelation, inspiration, interpretation, doctrinal formulation and church tradition?", and "Where do we place politics in these issues?" In a word, The Politics of the Spirit simply looks at the Spirit in the culture of the community called Church.

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Contents: PART I: Presidential Disability; Chapter One: The Cover-up of Presidential Illness, The President's Physician, and the Twenty-fifth Amendment, Carlos F. Gomez, M.D., and Dr. Kenneth R. Crispell, M.D.; Chapter Two: The Role of the Presidential Physician, Burton J. Lee III, M.D.; PART II: Woodrow Wilson; Chapter Three: Woodrow Wilson's Disability and the Constitutional Crisis, Arthur S. Link; PART III: Calvin Coolidge; Chapter Four: Personal Grieving and Political Defeat: The Case of Calvin Coolidge, C. Knight Aldrich, M.D.; PART IV: John F. Kennedy; Chapter Five: Presidential Disability: The Case of John F. Kennedy, Robert E. Gilbert; Chapter Six: John F. Kennedy and the Issue of Presidential Disability, Kenneth R. Crispell, M.D.; PART V: Lyndon B. Johnson, Robert E. Gilbert; PART VI: Richard M. Nixon; Chapter Eight: The Three Faces of Richard Nixon, Vamik D. Volkan, M.D.; PART VII: President's Physician; Chapter Nine: The Bush Presidency and Presidential Disability, Burton J. Lee III, M.D.; Chapter Ten: Medical Cover-ups in the White House. Robert H. Ferrell; Appendix; Chapter Eleven: The Secret Mitterand Couldn't Take with Him, Craig R. Whitney.

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Contents: HISTORICAL OBSERVATIONS; Chapter One: Desperate Pleas: Excerpts from the Nordwind Correspondence of the Boston Committee for Refugees, Nicholas J. Meyerhofer; Chapter Two: Victims and Perpetrators in the Yugoslav Genocide, 1941-1945: Some Preliminary Observations, Damir Mirkovic; Chapter Three: THe Nazi Attack on the Polish Nation: Towards a New Understanding, John T. Pawlikowski; Chapter Four: The Contribution of British-Israelism to Antisemitism with Conservative Protestantism, Richard V. Pierard; PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS; Chapter FIve: Insiders and Outsiders: For Whom Do We Toil?, Zev Garber; Chapter Six: Responding Without Transcendental Warrants, James R. Watson; THE ARTS; Chapter Seven: Art, Music and the Holocaust, Ben Arnold; Chapter Eight: Christianity, Tragedy and Holocaust Literature, Michael R. Steele; EDUCATION; Chapter Nine: Some Implications of the Wannsee Conference for the Essence of Higher Education, David Patterson; CHURCH STRUGGLE; Chapter Ten: The German Church Struggle and the Oxford Conference, Kenneth C. Barnes; Chapter Eleven: Problems of Protestant Cooperation: the Church World Service, the World Council of Churches and Post-War Relief in Germany, Haim Genizi; Chapter Twelve: Kairos Again? The Church Struggle: Their Contribution to the Ordination of Women, Theodore N. Thomas; JEWISH-CHRISTIAN RELATIONS; Chapter Fourteen: Yom HaShoah for Jews and Christians, Steven M. Bob; Chapter Fifteen: The Shoah-Israel Link: Christian Theology Facing Up to the Post-Shoah Era, James F. Moore; SURVIVOR TESTIMONY; Chapter Sixteen: Sinai or Cyanide? Late Twentieth Century Reflections on a Post-Shoah Jewish Theology by the Child of a Survivor, Steven L. Jacobs; Chapter Seventeen: Hiding During and After the War: The Fate of Children Who Survived the Holocaust, Robert Krell; Chapter Seventeen: Lea Fleischmann's Gas: Tagebucheiner Bedrohung: Germany and the Gulf War, Susan Lee Pentlin; A NEW BEGINNING; Chapter Nineteen: The Burden of the Holocaust, 1945-1992: Horror, Mourning, Attemp

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Followers of any religion should be evaluated first and foremost by their acts, not by their words. Just as the Trinity can be recognized and made real for Christians by its known Acts, so any follower is recognized, not for what he or she professes by word, but by how he or she acts toward all peoples. This book asks the question—What is distinctive about the action of any religion's claimed discipline? It delves into the fact that all religious leaders and all followers utter words of information or of instruction, but these verbalizations are often subject to misunderstandings, or even are subsequently distorted in their meaning. The standard for understanding must come only from watching what the leader does. Actions can make the religious view stable, but words cannot.

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Chronic Vigour is a study of the development of Christian thought and the doctrine of Providential Evolution. The author argues that the renovation of Anglican theology, as a response to Darwin's evolutionary theory, actually began at the moment of Darwin's first publication of The Origin of Species. Chronic Vigour is unique because it examines a school of clergymen who knew Darwin and corresponded with him. The book demonstrates how these clergymen came to endorse Darwinian biology as early as 1884 in Britain. It places the history of the principle of 'providential evolution' squarely in its English context. The book consists of five chapters. The first chapter is devoted to Edward Bouverie Pusey (1800-1882), the Professor of Hebrew at Oxford and the leader of the Tractarian movement. The second chapter evaluates the religious proposals which were offered within the Church itself as a direct reaction to biological evolution. In the third chapter, the author investigates St. George Jackson Mivart (1827-1900), the key person to generate the doctrine of Providential evolution. The subject of the fourth chapter is the Reverend Charles Kingsley (1819-1875), who was the model of the progressive Victorian parson and the first Anglican priest to be an evolutionist. Finally, chapter five brings together many of the book's themes by examining Bishop Frederick Temple's (1821-1902) contributions to the providential evolution cause.

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This book offers a comprehensive examination of Hubert Humphrey's civil rights rhetoric. The editor showcases Humphrey's civil rights speeches from 1948 to 1964, most of which have never been published. Because it was common for Humphrey to use speeches containing similar strains of thought in a given month or year, the speeches in this text will provide a sound representation of all of Huphrey's speeches during this period. The study begins with Humphrey's first national plea to the 1948 Democratic National Convention. Next, readers are taken through Humphrey's entrance into the U.S. Senate, and his asking for national morality and national action. Humphrey's remarks exemplify his development of national arguments in support of the 1964 Civil Rights Amendment and his ideas for the direction of this movement. Comments by Humphrey and others are included in order to provide additional framework for the study of his rhetoric. This thoroughly edited and carefully selected set of essays will enlighten readers to one of the greatest accomplishments of Humphrey's public life—his contribution to civil rights. This book will appeal to students and scholars of rhetoric, speech communication, political science and history.

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