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This fully updated second edition of European Competition Law: A Case Commentary explains EU competition law by presenting the relevant legal provisions together with carefully selected case extracts pertaining to those provisions. The selection is based on the interpretative value of the extracts and is limited to the essentials in order to clearly demonstrate how competition rules have been interpreted by the European Commission and the courts. The extracts originate primarily from the decisions of the European Commission and judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. Key features include:• Updated extracts from newly arisen cases and documents on EU competition law• Article-by-article overview of EU competition law jurisprudence • Unique structure enabling users to quickly locate decisions and judgments on all relevant procedural and substantive aspects of EU competition law• Concise and judiciously selected extracts from the judgments in the most important and most instructive cases• A nuanced view of competition law rules provided through the use of extracts rather than author analysis, giving practitioners a more contextual insight• Greater number of case extracts than other books, giving a more complete picture of the way rules translate into European jurisprudence. This unique book is designed for everyday use by practitioners and academics who wish to better understand how competition rules are interpreted in practice, and as a starting point for legal analysis. The book also serves as a handy resource on the exact wording of the essential elements of the most important cases. It will appeal not only to practitioners and academics, but also to all competition authorities in Europe.Contributors: J. Derenne, G. van Heezik, M. Johnsson, K. Metzlaff, E. Oude Elferink, A. Pliego Selie, H. Speyart, P.Stauber

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Regions are increasingly recognised as a key aspect of economic change in Europe, not merely as geographic spaces but also as social systems. Their history, culture, institutions and patterns of leadership mould the way in which they adapt to European and global competitive challenges. This book reviews the debate surrounding the construction of regions and presents eight case studies to illustrate how they are shaped and reshaped in a variety of different ways. The authors find that while some regions exhibit common patterns, there are significant variations, indicating that there is no definitive model of regional development.This book offers a systematic comparison of eight distinct regions and stateless nations, each with its own historical identity, but which is constantly being rebuilt in changing economic and political conditions. Avoiding economic or cultural determinism, the authors show how region-builders can shape their own responses to global challenges to produce models of development reflecting differing understandings and social compromises.Culture, Institutions and Economic Development will be warmly welcomed by academics within the fields of regional studies, European studies and political science.

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Equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) have become features of organizations as a result of both legal and societal advances as well as neoliberal economic reasoning and considerations. While current research approaches frequently fall short of addressing the challenges faced in EDI research, this benchmark Handbook brings coverage of research methods in EDI up to date, and advances the development of research in the field.Bringing together well-known academics and researchers, this Handbook is a distillation of current and novel research in the field of EDI. Chapters present groundbreaking new research and methodological perspectives on international, regional and national issues, from equal opportunities and gender mainstreaming to managing diversity in legal, political and socio-economic contexts. Alongside this, the authors discuss new analytic directions to advance empirical EDI research. This Handbook will help to shape the present and future EDI discourse.The book is an invaluable addition to the current literature, particularly for students of EDI and researchers working in the fields of human resource management, strategic management and organization, and culture and change management as well as entrepreneurship and marketing.Contributors include: D. Atewologun, C. Baron, I. Bleijenbergh, E.H. Buttner, H.A. Downs, H. Eberherr, D. Foley, K.M. Hannum, E. Henry, J. Hofbauer, R. Hofmann, E.L. Holloway, C.A. Houkamau, M. Janssens, D. Jones, A. Klarsfeld, K. Kreissl, M. Lansu, J. Louvrier, K. Lowe, R. Mahalingam, A.J. Mills, J.H. Mills, S. Mooney, E. Ng, B. Poggio, N. Rumens, I. Ryan, B. Sauer, H.L. Schwartz, C.G. Sibley, A. Striedinger, P. van Arensbergen, I. Wasserman, J. Wergin, P. Zanoni

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This book provides new insights into the performance of key economies in the Asia-Pacific region during the last three decades. It critically examines productivity growth, factor accumulation and economic efficiency at both the macro and micro levels.The authors use a variety of empirical techniques to measure the sources of economic growth in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Thailand and China. The techniques employed range from traditional growth accounting to econometric frontier estimation and data envelopment analysis. As a comparison to the Asia-Pacific region, the growth experiences of G7 and 18 OECD countries are analyzed. The authors consider, among other issues, the influential role of trade in the region, macroeconomic management, income, capital, labor productivity, technology and investment. This innovative new book will be of interest to students and scholars of growth economics, public policy and Asian studies.

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Economics is the study of a complex system in which simple laws are not always forthcoming. That complexity mandates three branches of the profession: positive, normative and the art of economics. The economics profession has focused on one of these - positive economics, and in doing so has lost the art of economics. In a series of provocative essays the author argues that most of what economists do is applied policy, which belongs in the art of economics, not in normative or positive economics. The essays explore the forces in academic institutions that have led economics to its current position, as well as the implications of the lost art for the economics profession and its future. In the end, the author is positive about the future of the profession, and predicts that in 2050 it will no longer be as Solow suggested it currently is - 'the overeducated in pursuit of the unknowable'. Instead it will be the 'appropriately educated in search of the knowable'.The essays are written in a highly accessible style, and can be enjoyed by most non-economists, as well as by those economists who don't take themselves too seriously. It can be usefully read by all economists, even those who do take themselves too seriously.

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This book is a novel and ambitious attempt to map the Muslim American nonprofit sector: its origins, growth and impact on American society. Using theories from the fields of philanthropy, public administration and data gathered from surveys and interviews, the authors make a compelling case for the Muslim American nonprofit sector's key role in America. They argue that in a time when Islamic schools are grossly misunderstood, there is a need to examine them closely, for the landscape of these schools is far more complex than meets the eye. The authors, who are both scholars of philanthropy, examine how identity impacts philanthropy and also the various forces that have shaped the landscape of Muslim American giving in the US. Using a comparative method of analysis, they showcase how this sector has contributed not only to individual communities but also to the country as a whole. National surveys and historical analysis offer data that is rich in insights and offers a compelling narrative of the sector as a whole through its focus on Islamic schools. The authors also critically examine how nonprofit leaders in the community legitimize their own roles and that of their organizations, and offer a compelling and insightful examination of how Muslim American leaders perceive their own role in institution building.This is a must read for anyone seeking to understand this important and growing sector of American society, including nonprofit leaders in the Muslim community, leaders of Islamic schools, nonprofit leaders with interest in private schools, activists, and scholars who study philanthropy and Islamic education.

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'Stefan Weishaar brought an excellent group of authors together in this book, reflecting on key developments for the green market transition! Happy to read so many refreshing contributions on carbon taxes, energy subsidies and smart instrument mixes.'- Kurt Deketelaere, University of Leuven, Belgium The Paris Agreement on climate change constitutes an important milestone in international climate negotiations. Its key objective is the strengthening of the global response to climate change by transitioning the world to an increasingly green economy. In this book, environmental tax and climate law experts address the various issues surrounding green market transitions. Key chapters examine carbon taxes and systems of implementation, energy subsidies, and support schemes for carbon and energy policies. Using a multitude of international case studies, several contributing authors reflect on the underlying policy dynamics and the constraints of various fiscal measures. In addition, this timely work considers the important issue of smart instrument mixes, going beyond instrument choice to examine how they can work in harmony together. Astute and engaging, this book is a vital companion for students and scholars in environmental law, economics and sustainability. Its practical approach also renders it an excellent guide for policy makers and those involved in fiscal reform and green market transition.Contributors include: M. Alsina Pujols, B. Bahn-Walkowiak, P. Castro, M. Distelkamp, N. Droste, E. Fonseca Capdevila, C. Fruhmann, S. Giorgi, A. Großmann, M. Hasenheit, A. Illes, T. Kawakatsu, C. Kettner, M. Kettunen, D. Kletzan-Slamanig, N. Kreibich, L. Kreiser, V. Kulmer, A. Lerch, C. Lutz, M. Machingambi, M. Meyer, J.E. Milne, I. Ring, S. Rudolph, R. Santos, S. Seebauer, H. Sprohge, L.-A. Steenkamp, C. Stroia, I. Taranic, P. ten Brink, A. Tuerk, S. Van Outryve d'Ydewalle, R. Vasileios, M. Villar Ezcurra, H. Wang-Helmreich, H. Wilts, S. Wolff, G. Woltjer, M. Zahno

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The role, scale and expectations of higher education institutions have changed dramatically in recent times as knowledge-intensity has become a key determinant of economic competitiveness. Higher education institutions face increasing pressure to demonstrate their fitness to meet the needs of society and individuals. Questions about the quality, performance and productivity of higher education are central to these concerns, of relevance to society, governments and students. This Handbook brings together a group of international scholars to address these issues and propose how to move beyond them.This Handbook is the first comprehensive reference, laying out current research in the field, and bringing it up-to-date with cutting-edge theoretical and empirical contributions from leading international experts. Blending new research with richly contextualised national and regional examples, the authors give authoritative insights from around the globe on how best to understand, assess and improve quality, performance and accountability in higher education.This Handbook will become an invaluable tool for practitioners in higher education and education policy-making as well as researchers and students of social science and public policy.Contributors include: K.S. Adeyemo, K. Aleksandriyskaya, A. Amaral, S. Archer, I. Austin, E. Bell, P. Benneworth, C. Blanco, V. Borden, R. Bringle, R. Brown, H. Coates, G. Croucher, D. Dill, M. Dobbins, D. Edwards, A. Fryar, S. Fukahori, A. Gibson, F. Guo, M. Hanlon, L. Harvey, E. Hazelkorn, M. Hicks, N. Hillman, A.Y.-c.Hou, F. Huang, J. Huisman, Y. Ibrahim, R. Ismail, N. Jankowski, E. Jerez, G. Jones, B. Jongbloed, J. Jungblut, P. Kelly, R. King, K. Kinser, M. Klemencic, G. Kuh, J. Lane, L. Lange, M.C. Lennon, S.E. Lid, N.C. Liu, Y. Luo, M. Mahat, J. Marino, M. Martin, W.F Massy, A.C. McCormick, K. Moore, S. Moyo, P. Noonan, D. Orr, R. Shavelson, J. Shi, O.-J. Skodvin, B. Stensaker, F. Strydom, P. Teixeira, R. Tijssen, O. Troitschanskaia, A. Usher, F. van Vught, N.V. Varghese, H. Vossensteyn, M. Vukasovic, R. Wagenaar, C.D. Wan, E. Weber, H.P. Weingarten, W. Wen, D. Westerheijden, R. Williams, T. Yang, N. Zeeman, L. Zhang

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Industry, Space and Competition rediscovers the contributions of the past on industrial organization and spatial economics and analyses these within the context of current movements towards globalization, regionalization and localization.It re-examines the work of von Thunen, Marshall, Weber and Perroux as well as re-assessing less well-known authors including Quesnay, George and Hearn whose contributions have previously been largely disregarded. The book analyses their contributions to spatial economics, industrial organization and economic geography within an historical context. The authors then go on to discuss related issues which are not strictly from the discipline of economics. Finally the authors propose that there should be more interaction with other disciplines including history and geography in order to gain a greater understanding of the subject.This book will be welcomed by historians of economic thought, regional economists, industrial economists, especially those interested in industrial organisation and competition, and scholars of international economics and economic geography.

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In this book, leading experts in the field examine the effects of the recent growth in concentration in the European food retailing sector. In particular, the book develops a number of buyer power propositions and builds on the previous work of several of the authors, to consider how the growth of large supermarket chains affects competition in food retailing. The authors outline the theoretical and policy analysis underpinning the work and assess evidence on the size and growth of supermarket chains across the EU. Whilst not entirely critical, they suggest that there is strong evidence in some countries that supermarkets use their buying power to impose unfair terms and conditions on suppliers, particularly affecting small suppliers.The authors use case studies, to provide an in-depth analysis of four European countries, namely France, Germany, Spain and the UK. The book ends with a discussion of policy issues against a backdrop of likely future trends in concentration in this area.Academics working in the areas of microeconomics and industrial economics as well as those involved in European competition policy more generally, such as lawyers, civil servants and consultancy groups, will find this volume enlightening.

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Anthony Ellison cuts through conventional neo-classical interpretations to expose the indispensable contribution of entrepreneurs in driving the market process and, in particular, in accomplishing the deregulation of the transportation, trade, telecommunications and financial regimes both in North America and across the globe. Entrepreneurs have an important role in any economy, but in this seminal study, the author argues that they have played a crucial part in shaping the contemporary global market. Entrepreneurs and the Transformation of the Global Economy situates the emergence of the contemporary global market economy within an historical context.The author reviews the rival interpretations of the global impacts of the surging market economy and is particularly critical of previous Marxist interpretations. His examination of the deregulation of the North American airline industry and the re-design of its organisational infrastructure serves to illustrate the potential of the neo-institutional approach in economic analysis and is intended to offer a more meaningful alternative.This book will be of interest to academics and researchers of public sector economics, globalisation and deregulation as well as transport economists.

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Allying and expanding the diverse fields of entrepreneurship and sustainable development research is a modern day imperative. The Handbook of Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development Research cuts through the different approaches and perspectives of the two fields to point the way ahead for research on sustainable entrepreneurship, outlining the motivation, intentions and impact of ecopreneurs in a local, national and global context.This Handbook paints an illuminating picture of the historic and current understanding of the bond between entrepreneurship and sustainable development. The authors explore the basic contradictions between the two fields and outline the transformative role entrepreneurship can play in achieving sustainable development. 45 expert researchers and their research communities from 16 countries across Europe, Africa, Australia and North America provide original and informative contributions on a variety of issues, from women s empowerment to climate change and organic farmers to ecotourism.With current and authoritative contributions spanning the globe, this Handbook will inspire researchers, teachers and policy-makers to compose their own understanding and contribution on the fast expanding field of entrepreneurship and sustainable development.Contributors: S. Avdeitchikova, F.-M. Belz, K. Berglund, J. Binder, T. Bjerregaard, O. Branzei, B. Cannatelli, T. Ceranic, L. Coenen, M. Dejardin, S. Delgado Calderon, J. Delgado-Ceballos, S. Farny, R. Feola, L.M. Ferri, V. Ferrón-Vílchez, S. Gómez-Haro, F. Gribaa, B. Johannisson, A.W. Johansson, G. Keremane, R. Klapper, P. Kyrö, J. Lauring, J. McKay, K. Messeghem, M. Molteni, I. Montiel, J. Nizet, R. Parente, M. Pedrini, K. Poldner, T. Roolaht, E. Rosell, B. Schwartz, M. Sciarelli, E. Sundin, R. Stenberg, M. Tani, M. Tillmar, J.M.de la Toree-Ruiz, A. Tounés, P. Upham, D. Van Dam, Z. Wu

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Containing newly updated versions of existing entries and adding several important new entries, this second edition of the Elgar Encyclopedia of Comparative Law takes stock of present-day comparative law scholarship. Written by leading authorities in their respective fields, the contributions in this accessible book cover and combine not only questions regarding the methodology of comparative law, but also specific areas of law (such as administrative law and criminal law) and specific topics (such as accident compensation and consideration). In addition, the Encyclopedia contains reports on a selected set of countries' legal systems and, as a whole, presents an overview of the current state of affairs. Providing its readers with a unique point of reference, as well as stimulus for further research, this volume is an indispensable tool for anyone interested in comparative law, especially academics, students and practitioners. Contributors: M. Abe, D. Bradley, W. Bull, W.E. Butler, R. Caterina, M. Claes, H. Cousy, E. Dacoronia, G.-R. de Groot, M.J. de Waal, H. Dedek, M. Deturbide, R. Dotevall, J.E. du Plessis, M.G. Faure, B. Fauvarque-Cosson, J. Fedtke, F. Ferrari, A. Fournier, J. Fu, D. Geradin, H.P. Glenn, M. Gondek, J. Gordley, J. Hage, B. Havel, J.H. Herbots, V. Heutger, G. Howells, E.J. Hughes, M. Hunter-Henin, J. Husa, N. Jansen, M.T. Kamminga, A.J. Kanning, S.M. Kroll, P. Letto-Vanamo, S.D. Lindenbergh, G. Lubbe, B. Lurger, L. Macgregor, H.L. MacQueen, U. Magnus, K. Mayer, R. Michaels, J.M. Milo, H. Muir Watt, J. Neethling, H.P. Nehl, D. Nelken, L. Nottage, C. O'Cinneide, A.E. Orucu, V.V. Palmer, F. Pennings, P. Pichonnaz, B. Pozzo, L. Rademacher, G. Samuel, M.J. Schermaier, M. Schmidt-Kessel, E. Schrage, G. Shalev, L. Slepaite, D. Smith, J.M. Smits, Z.D. Tarman, V. Thuronyi, M. Torsello, J.H.M. van Erp, N. Van Leuven, C.H. van Rhee, L. van Vliet, A. Vaquer, R. Verhagen, R. Verkerk, D. Visser, S. Vogenauer, M. Vranken, S. Weatherill, T. Weigend, B. Wessels, C.A. Williams, J. Ziller, P. Zumbansen

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This collection of essays is a state-of-the-art analysis of key issues confronting the European Union. Identifying European economic integration as one of the defining features of modern international economics, the authors examine many aspects and consequences of this integration which remain as yet obscure and unexplored. In this book, after addressing general issues concerned with European integration, the authors include empirical and theoretical analyses of the monetary union, social policy reform and social union, public finance in the EU, the EU's agriculture and technology policies, and direct foreign investment into the EU. In particular, the volume includes detailed discussion of Greek membership of the EU, supplying a context in which many of the general issues of industrial adjustment, investment and politics can be examined.Using a wide range of topics, methodologies and perspectives, Economic Integration and Public Policy in the European Union offers a stimulating and wide-ranging presentation which will be of interest to economic theorists, empirical social scientists, policymakers and the informed general reader.

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Roy and Jan have assembled a timely snapshot of our current understanding of ecotourism, both as a concept worthy of scientific inquiry and as an increasingly significant segment of global commerce and industry. A terrific piece of work!'- Sam Ham, University of Idaho, US'In the 30 or so year since it became established in the tourism literature and in tourism practice, 'ecotourism' has attracted as many proponents as opponents. This Handbook now brings together some of the leading scholars worldwide in this field, to explore the current position of this form of tourism. In doing so, it offers serious critiques, it explores meanings and paradoxes, it offers best practices and it looks to the future. It is the Handbook for one of tourism's fastest growing and controversial sectors.'- David Airey, University of Surrey, UK'This is a most welcome and needed book. With a very strong editorial team and contributing authors, the Handbook covers all the key issues of ecotourism. It cuts through the confusion surrounding the much-misunderstood concept of ecotourism, clearly dealing with definitions, concepts and research issues. The Handbook is particularly welcome for its focus on the visitor experience, a strength of the editors, and for clearly linking the theory of ecotourism with practice in the field.'- Christopher Cooper, Oxford Brookes University, UKThis Handbook brings together contributions from over forty international experts in the field of ecotourism. It provides a critical review and discussion of current issues and concepts - it challenges readers to consider the boundaries of what ecotourism is, and could be. The Handbook provides practical information regarding the business of ecotourism; insights into ecotourist behavior and visitor experiences; and reflections on the practice of ecotourism in a range of different contexts.The Handbook is designed to be a valuable reference book for tourism scholars and researchers.Contributors: T. Baird, R. Ballantyne, T. Baum, P. Benckendorff, A. Bien, D. Biggs, R. Black, E. Brymer, R. Buckley, J. Butcher, J. Buultjens, S. Curtin, S. Dolnicar, R. Dowling, L. Dwyer, D. Edwards, J.H. Falk, D.A. Fennell, D. Getz, A. Grajal, C.M. Hall, E. Hawkins, K. Hughes, M. Hughes, E. Juvan, A.-M. Lacaze, J. Mann, E.W. Manning, G. Moscardo, D. Newsome, J. Packer, P.L. Pearce, S. Reid, B.W. Ritchie, K. Rodger, A. Shoebridge, A. Spenceley, N.L. Staus, L.A. Sutherland, C. Tisdell, C.L. Vernon, K. Walker, B. Weiler, N.E. White, V. Yanamandram

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The great seas contain immense resources and provide invaluable services to humankind, yet their environmental conditions are threatened worldwide. The authors of this comprehensive study provide a rich assessment of the seas and the efficacy of the initiatives governing them, as well as suggestions for improving governance and protection. Case studies of the Baltic, Mediterranean, Black, Caribbean and East Asian seas illustrate the varying degrees of policy success, failure and promise. The authors address the specific roles of the Law of the Sea and the United Nations Regional Seas Programme and discuss the importance of better information exchange between scientists and policymakers, increased funding, greater participation, and new and more effective laws. National, regional and international initiatives are conceptualized as clusters, and their success evaluated using data on the physical conditions of the seas, the law and policy adopted, and international cooperation. The interdisciplinary, insightful treatment of this complex issue will be of great interest to policymakers, students and scholars in the fields of law and policy as well as marine and environmental sciences.

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Concerns about European prospects for competitiveness, jobs and growth are high on the European Union agenda and regulatory reform, both at national and EU levels, is widely recognised as a crucial tool for improving the performance of European companies. Despite the single market, selective sectoral regulatory reform and certain reforms at the national level, regulation in Europe still tends to discourage new entrants, impede new production methods and inhibit the exit of existing competitors. It often increases costs without providing compensatory benefits, reduces operational flexibility and distorts capital expenditure, creating obstacles to innovation. The authors in this book argue that regulatory reform can, more often than not, help improve the competitiveness of companies while generating net growth effects for the European Union as a whole.In this second volume, the authors discuss the vertical issues involved in regulatory reform. The authors describe in detail the regulatory reforms which are needed or have been initiated in nine major industrial sectors, including automobiles, textiles and clothing, retail trade, chemicals, banking, road transport, telecoms, electricity and (scheduled) air transport.In the companion volume, Regulatory Reform and Competitiveness in Europe, 1: Horizontal Issues, the authors address regulation and growth, and the regulatory burdens and failures in Europe. The book also deals with national competition policy, state aids, EU environmental policy, reforms in product markets, labour market reforms, the regulatory environment of small and new firms, and the current, insufficient, EU reforms to improve regulatory quality.

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Economics is the study of a complex system in which simple laws are not always forthcoming. That complexity mandates three branches of the profession: positive, normative and the art of economics. The economics profession has focused on one of these - positive economics, and in doing so has lost the art of economics. In a series of provocative essays the author argues that most of what economists do is applied policy, which belongs in the art of economics, not in normative or positive economics. The essays explore the forces in academic institutions that have led economics to its current position, as well as the implications of the lost art for the economics profession and its future. In the end, the author is positive about the future of the profession, and predicts that in 2050 it will no longer be as Solow suggested it currently is - 'the overeducated in pursuit of the unknowable'. Instead it will be the 'appropriately educated in search of the knowable'.The essays are written in a highly accessible style, and can be enjoyed by most non-economists, as well as by those economists who don't take themselves too seriously. It can be usefully read by all economists, even those who do take themselves too seriously.

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Open-Economy Macroeconomics for Developing Countries focuses on fiscal, monetary and exchange rate issues of importance to less developed economies. The book argues that the dichotomy between the short-term macroeconomic stabilization goal and the long-term economic growth objective commonly found in developing countries' policy framework is inappropriate. The authors report empirical evidence to support the proposition that macroeconomic stability is a pre-requisite for sustained economic growth and the root of macroeconomic instability in developing countries lies in the government budget deficits. The book discusses the stabilization tools available to deal with capital flows, supply shocks and the effects of financial deregulation. It opens with a discussion of macroeconomic policy problems for open developing economies and an historical overview of the international institutions such as IMF, GATT and UNCTAD. The authors then provide a comprehensive review of macroeconomic models which are popularly used to analyse policy dilemmas related to internal and external balances of open economies.Having reviewed the institutional and theoretical framework, the authors assess the macroeconomic impact of financial deregulation, capital flows and foreign investment. They address the debt crisis, financial instability, capital flight, currency substitution and exchange rate arrangements. The authors also consider more general issues such as the political economy of macroeconomic management and the institutional framework that may enhance credibility and effectiveness of macroeconomic policy. In conclusion, they stress that the openness of an economy itself acts as a constraint on macroeconomic mismanagement and hence may enhance economic growth.This comprehensive book will be an important addition to the literature, and will be of use to advanced undergraduates and graduates of development economics, development studies and financial and monetary economics.

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This well-constructed, and well-written, collection fills a gap in the scholarship. It offers a rounded and plausible picture of the Court's role in Europe, engaging with the complexity of the law without losing sight of the bigger political picture. Well-contextualised, critical, but nuanced, discussions of the role of rights, economics, science, and institutions, and of the important particularities of EU adjudication, will make this volume unmissable for those interested in the political role of the Court of Justice of the EU.'- Gareth Davies, VU University of Amsterdam, The NetherlandsThis book delves into the rationale, components of, and responses to accusations of judicial activism at the European Court of Justice.Detailed chapters from academics, practitioners and stakeholders bring diverse perspectives on a range of factors - from access rules to institutional design and to substantive functions - influencing the European Court's political role. Each of the contributing authors invites the reader to approach the debate on the role of the Court in terms of a constantly evolving set of interactions between the EU judiciary, the European and national political spheres, as well as a multitude of other actors vested in competing legitimacy claims. The book questions the political role of the Court as much as it stresses the opportunities - and corresponding responsibilities - that the Court's case law offers to independent observers, political institutions and civil society organisations.Judicial Activism at the European Court of Justice will appeal to researchers and graduate students as well as to EU and national officials.Contributors: A. Arnull, L. Azoulai, M. Bulterman, S. Carrera, M. Dawson, M. de Visser, B. de Witte, V. Hatzopoulos, M. Höreth, C. Kaupa, E. Muir, B. Petkova, E. Vos, C. Wissels

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This important book presents a comprehensive and systematic investigation of the effectiveness of environmental policy within the European Union at the dawn of the twenty-first century.The development of environmental policy, including the policymaking process, is analysed from an historical perspective. The authors then examine implementation and enforcement and present a critical appraisal of the impact of environmental policy throughout Europe. Key issues discussed include: trade and the environment environmental protection and the maintenance of industrial competitiveness agriculture and the environment energy and environmental policy transport and the environment tourism and the environment The authors provide insight into the problems of reconciling differing national interests, and present a number of proposals for environmental policy in the future. They conclude that what is required for effective environmental policy is not more radical measures but the opportunity for the measures already in place to be effectively implemented.This book will be of interest to a wide audience including students interested in environmental issues and the European Union, as well as postgraduates and academics working in the fields of environmental management and environmental studies. It will also be of use to environmental policymakers, consultants, advisers and non-government organizations.

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Discussing Economics treats discussion - meaning formal consideration of questions about a reading - as a new approach to learning economics. Setting out a detailed approach modeled on the ideas of Mortimer Adler and the Great Books Foundation, the authors explain why instructors should organize discussion around interpretive questions, how to plan and lead discussion, and how to integrate it into a course. They then provide a guide to over 60 classic and contemporary readings that span much of the undergraduate economics curriculum. For each, they provide a synopsis, learning objectives, recommended questions, and discussion suggestions. The authors make the case for discussion as a productive, cost-effective pedagogy that provides students with the opportunity to improve their economic literacy. As students form and revise their interpretations, they use the concepts the authors used in ways that deepen their understanding, lengthen their retention and enable them to transfer their mastery to new contexts. An invaluable resource for undergraduate and high school economics instructors, this volume will also be a useful tool for economic educators and those interested in classic economic writings.

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Compiling extensive research findings with real insights from the business world, this must-read book on performance appraisal explores its evolution from the classic appraisal to its current form, and the methodology behind its progression. Looking forward, Aharon Tziner and Edna Rabenu emphasize that well-conducted appraisals combine a mixture of classic and current, and are here to stay. The book first presents a primer to performance appraisals, covering the role of management, the appraisers, and external and political influences. The authors then present ways to improve the appraisal system through training, methodology and diversification. Consequently, they outline the key questions and opportunities facing the research and business communities, including the rapidly developing technological and democratic workforce. In particular, the authors highlight the need for the creation of a ''climate of performance'' and innovation in research, for the betterment of both the individual employee and society as a whole. Improving Performance Appraisal at Work is a comprehensive guide for researchers in business and management, human resource management and organizational behavior. The authors cover an extensive array of issues relating to the role of employee performance appraisal, making this book an excellent advisory text for those in professional human resource roles.

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This second edition contains 14 countries as opposed to 16 in the first edition, but is essentially different as it not only includes updates for the countries in common, but also six new ones including Australia, Finland, Japan, New Zealand, Nigeria and Russia. It is, therefore, essentially a complement to the first edition. The editors suggest that one of the most significant effects of globalization has been to widen the scope of diversity management as workforces are becoming more diverse, with migrants posing a particular challenge in some countries. Examination at national level is crucial as anti-discrimination legislation and its implementation vary from country to country, especially with respect to whether or not positive discrimination is a feature. Above all the picture is changing over time. Hence the need for this new edition.'- Peter J. Sloane, Swansea University, UK and Flinders University, Australia'By covering the diversity practices in 14 different countries this Handbook makes evident the need to consider diversity management from a global and local standpoint. What is legal and standard practice towards equality in one country can be viewed as discriminative and unlawful just across the border. With such complex reality, the authors of this book make an incredible job of providing the reader with detailed and useful information on how to approach diversity 'glocally' (that is, in multiple geographies). The book, in a way, is a global travel guide for diversity management that benefits both business managers and HR practitioners operating in the international arena.'- Simon L. Dolan, ESADE Business School, Spain and Editor-in-Chief, Cross Cultural Management: An International JournalManaging and developing diversity is on the political and business agenda in many countries; therefore diversity management has become an area of knowledge and practice in its own right. Yet all too often it is referred to as a unifying concept, as if it were to be interpreted uniformly across all cultures and countries. The contributors to this volume expertly examine the relationship between diversity management and equality legislation within the different participating countries' national contexts. They advocate that such separation and sequencing between equality at work and diversity management is far from natural.The second edition of this important reference work provides important updates and new perspectives on the cases constituting the first edition as well as including contributions from a number of new countries: Australia, Finland, Japan, New Zealand, Nigeria and Russia. Countries that have been updated and expanded are Austria, Canada, France, India, Italy, the Netherlands, South Africa and the United Kingdom.This Handbook will be greatly appreciated by scholars who wish to better contextualize their research and will also provide policy-makers with benchmark data regarding equal treatment and diversity as understood in other countries.Contributors: I. Adeleye, D. Atewologun, A.-F. Bender, R. Bendl, I. Bleijenbergh, E. Bokovikova, L.A.E. Booysen, J. Burgess, F. Colgan, E. French, R. Haq, R. Hofmann, A. Klarsfeld, S. Kosheleva, J. Laufer, J. Louvrier, V. Mackie, O. Matanmi, A. McKearney, A. Murgia, E. Ng, S.M. Nkomo, K. Okano, B. Poggio, J.K. Pringle, K. Ravenswood, K.Rawston, I. Roper, I. Ryan, R. Schalk, G. Strachan, A. Tatli, A. Terlouw, D.-G. Tremblay, A. Tuori, M. van Engen, E. Zavyalova

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Spellbound considers the history of English spelling and provides suggestions for modern day reform of its irregularities.The first half of the book reviews the history of English spelling and the reasons for the many irregularities of our modern language. The author argues that the irregular spelling of English contributes seriously to the high rate of illiteracy in the English speaking world. He then reviews some of the many attempts to reform the spelling of other languages, some of which were successful and others not. During the first half of the 20th century there was a flurry of interest in reforms for English but since then reform has been little more than the object of humor. Spellbound considers the reasons for this opposition to reform. The book then turns to current proposals for the reform of English. It describes the criteria that should govern the choice among alternative reforms and considers in detail the relatively easily reformed consonants and the much more difficult vowels. Special attention is given to ways of designing a spelling that is equally suitable for the many and diverse dialects of spoken English.While the author recognises that a unified spelling could not be perfect for any single dialect, he argues that it could be very much better than our present spelling for all dialects. Spellbound concludes by looking at possible ways by which reforms might be brought about today.

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How and why are firms created, expanded and terminated by entrepreneurs in the knowledge intensive economy? The authors show these entrepreneurship processes are firmly embedded in a given social and economic context, that shapes the process by which some individuals discover entrepreneurial opportunities, creating new firms that sometimes grow to remarkable size, but more often stay mundane or eventually exit. The authors expertly provide a theoretical and empirical examination of new knowledge intensive firms over their whole life cycle using a unique set of matched employee?employer data containing over three million individuals and over 200,000 firms. With theoretical pillars anchored in industrial organization economics, evolutionary organization theory, and entrepreneurship research, this book presents a detailed investigation of the entrepreneurial processes of firm entry, growth, and their eventual demise.This insightful book will prove to be invaluable for business policymakers as well as postgraduate students and researchers in management, economics, and entrepreneurship.

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The Handbook of Alternative Theories of Economic Development explores the theories and approaches which, over a prolonged period of time, have existed as viable alternatives to today?s mainstream and neo-classical tenets. With a total of 40 specially commissioned chapters, written by the foremost authorities in their respective fields, this volume represents a landmark in the field of economic development. It elucidates the richness of the alternative and sometimes misunderstood ideas which, in different historical contexts, have proved to be vital to the improvement of the human condition. The subject matter is approached from several complementary perspectives. From a historical angle, the Handbook charts the mercantilist and cameralist theories that emerged from the Renaissance and developed further during the Enlightenment. From a geographical angle, it includes chapters on African, Chinese, Indian, and Muslim approaches to economic development. Different schools are also explored and discussed including nineteenth century US development theory, Marxist, Schumpeterian, Latin American structuralism, regulation theory and world systems theories of development. In addition, the Handbook has chapters on important events and institutions including The League of Nations, The Havana Charter, and UNCTAD, as well as on particularly influential development economists. Contemporary topics such as the role of finance, feminism, the agrarian issue, and ecology and the environment are also covered in depth. This comprehensive Handbook offers an unrivalled review and analysis of alternative and heterodox theories of economic development. It should be read by all serious scholars, teachers and students of development studies, and indeed anyone interested in alternatives to development orthodoxy.Contributors: M. Alacevich, R. Arocena, J.G. Backhaus, E.B. Barbier, R. Bielschowsky, C.N. Biltoft, R. Boyer, L. Burlamaqui, C.P. Chandrasekhar, M. Cimoli, A.M. Daastøl, G. Derluguian, W. Drechsler, S. Endresen, M.S. Erkek, M.S. Floro, J. Ghosh, J.-C. Graz, J.P. Hochard, I. Ianos, P. Jha, A. Kadri, R. Kattel, J.A. Kregel, B.-Å. Lundvall, A.C. Macedo e Silva, J.A. Mathews, L. Mjøset, S. Moyo, R.R. Nelson, G. Omkarnath, E. Özveren, J.G. Palma, P. Patnaik, G. Porcile, E.S. Reinert, S.A. Reinert, P.R. Rössner, A. Saltelli, M. Shafaeddin, A. Singh, I.G. Shivji, J. Sutz, Y. Tandon, E. Thurbon, F. Tregenna, H.S. Ünal, L. Weiss, T. Xu, P. Yeros, X. Zhao

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Political Entrepreneurship explores the role of political entrepreneurs in regional growth and entrepreneurial diversity. The authors define a political entrepreneur as a politician, bureaucrat or officer within the publicly funded sector who encourages entrepreneurship for growth and employment using innovative approaches. This book aims to enrich the established research on entrepreneurship with in-depth knowledge of the conditions conducive for political entrepreneurship in Sweden. Political entrepreneurs have the potential to be innovative and encourage entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial diversity by fundamentally challenging the prevailing formal and informal institutions. It is argued that, in times of economic stress, political entrepreneurship is essential to find new ways of promoting growth, employment and welfare. By using social science and economics perspectives, this study complements the dominant business administration research on entrepreneurship by increasing our knowledge of the economic and political contexts in which entrepreneurship and private enterprise is conducted.This book is essential reading for students, researchers and policymakers interested in politics, economics and entrepreneurship, as well as for those working in the public sector.Contributors include: D.E. Andersson, S. Andersson, A.E. Andersson, P. Assmo, C. Berggren, T. Bromander, C. Karlsson, M. Nilsson, C. Silander, D. Silander, P. Strömblad, M.-L. von Bergmann-Winberg, Y. von Friedrichs, E. Wihlborg

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Tourism is frequently seen as a way of creating new employment opportunities in those regions which have suffered from severe de-industrialization and major cutbacks in manufacturing industry.This important book - based on new and original research - examines the economic impact, measured in employment terms, of the North of England Open Air Museum at Beamish. The authors provide a detailed assessment of the direct, indirect and induced employment generated by the museum. The assessment of the museum's employment impact is placed firmly within the context of its historical development and of the region's tourism activity.Tourism, Museums and the Local Economy focuses on one particular museum, but the methodology and much of the discussion are widely applicable to the evaluation of other tourist attractions. The policy implications of the study are fully assessed by the authors who also make use of a series of international comparisons. The book will be of interest to economists, geographers and all those who have an interest in tourism, the arts and museums, and regional development. It will be an invaluable asset to planners and policymakers at both central and local government level.

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This book looks at some of the major themes concerning governance in the EU, namely the focus on market-friendly regulations, output legitimacy and how the requirement of efficiency is combined with the requirement of democratic accountability. The dilemma between efficiency and democratic accountability is analysed in three cases of close collaboration between public and private actors: the European satellite navigation programme (Galileo), the European Investment Bank and health policies, and the European financial market - especially the banking sector. The background to this interest in the dilemma between efficiency and democratic accountability is that this is a time when the borders between the public and private spheres are being re-evaluated, transferred and becoming more porous. The author makes a compelling case to show that authority is being shared between public and private actors, rather than power being delegated - inn contrast with the apparent mode of democratic accountability. European Public-Private Collaboration will be warmly welcomed by postgraduate students and researchers of European studies and public policy.

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This unique book offers a comprehensive survey of the privatization and deregulation of the public sector in a number of important developed and developing economies. The first part examines the privatization and deregulation process in Japan, Korea, India, Latin America, the US and the UK. The authors examine the costs and benefits in each country and describe the private initiatives and ongoing government intervention in the new markets. Wide country coverage allows readers to compare and contrast the different regimes in each country, particularly in the less studied Asian and Indian regions. The authors also describe the regime in the US and UK, the forerunners of privatization initiatives, from which useful policy lessons can be learnt in terms of ownership, price setting, universal service and welfare implications. The second part offers sector surveys from important industries, including telecommunications in Japan, India and Latin America, electricity in the UK and US, and the banking sector in Japan.Privatization, Deregulation and Economic Efficiency will be useful supplementary reading for scholars and students of the theory and practice of public economics, as well as for governments and NGOs interested in the policy implications of the privatization and deregulation process.

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The excellent list of themes and chapters in this volume reflects the maturity reached by feminist economics in its different dimensions. Based on the notion of social provisioning for all as the basic objective of economics, they represent a challenge to conventional economic thought and they show the importance of understanding theory, institutions, empirical work, and policy from a gender perspective. The global perspective provided through themes and authors is a very useful contribution to the literature.'- Lourdes Benería, Cornell University, US'Standard economics has a narrow and distorted vision of what 'the economy' is, and how it works. Gender scholars are on the forefront of developing better, more encompassing models of human provisioning for well-being. This volume presents a wonderful sampling of these new theoretical and empirical developments.'- Paula England, New York University, US'This is an impressive collection that delves deeply and broadly into the myriad ways that gender shapes and alters economic lives and illuminates complex facets of the economic and social provisioning process across the globe. The chapters, by an exciting variety of researchers, policy analysts, and practitioners from numerous fields, present a consistent and persuasive vision of economic well-being as critical to the flourishing of all people.'- Myra H. Strober, Stanford University, USIn the aftermath of global economic downturn, it has never been more important to understand how gender relates to economic life and well-being. This interdisciplinary collection of original research details key areas of intersection, provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research and proposes avenues for further investigation.The Handbook illuminates complex facets of the economic and social provisioning process across the globe. The contributors - academics, policy analysts and practitioners from wide-ranging areas of expertise - discuss the methodological approaches to, and analytical tools for, conducting research on the gender dimension of economic life. They also provide analyses of major issues facing both developed and developing countries. Topics explored include civil society, discrimination, informal work, working time, central bank policy, health, education, food security, poverty, migration, environmental activism and the financial crisis.Economists, sociologists and political scientists will find this book to be an invaluable research tool, as will academics, researchers and students with an interest in economics - particularly feminist economics - gender studies and global studies.Contributors: R. Albelda, N. Banks, D.K. Barker, S. Bergeron, H. Boushey, E. Braunstein, S. Charusheela, Z. Emami, D.M. Figart, A. Gaye, J. Ham, C. Harders, A. Hegewisch, E. Hirsh, H. Hollingdale, B.E. Hopkins, M. Kim, E.M. King, J. Klugman, M. Kovacevic, K. Krupp, D. Lallement, H. Liepmann, P. Madhivanan, N. Mansour, E. McCrate, L. McIntyre, N. Menon, J.A. Nelson, V.T. Nguyen, A. North, P.E. Perkins, V.S. Peterson, A. Philipose, J. Plantenga, M. Power, C. Remery, K. Rondeau, M. Saffar, S. Seguino, N. Stecy-Hildebrandt, E. Unterhalter, Y. van der Meulen Rodgers, I. van Staveren, T.L. Warnecke, R. Watterson, D. Weichselbaumer, B. Young, E. Zambrano

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The excellent list of themes and chapters in this volume reflects the maturity reached by feminist economics in its different dimensions. Based on the notion of social provisioning for all as the basic objective of economics, they represent a challenge to conventional economic thought and they show the importance of understanding theory, institutions, empirical work, and policy from a gender perspective. The global perspective provided through themes and authors is a very useful contribution to the literature.'- Lourdes Benería, Cornell University, US'Standard economics has a narrow and distorted vision of what 'the economy' is, and how it works. Gender scholars are on the forefront of developing better, more encompassing models of human provisioning for well-being. This volume presents a wonderful sampling of these new theoretical and empirical developments.'- Paula England, New York University, US'This is an impressive collection that delves deeply and broadly into the myriad ways that gender shapes and alters economic lives and illuminates complex facets of the economic and social provisioning process across the globe. The chapters, by an exciting variety of researchers, policy analysts, and practitioners from numerous fields, present a consistent and persuasive vision of economic well-being as critical to the flourishing of all people.'- Myra H. Strober, Stanford University, USIn the aftermath of global economic downturn, it has never been more important to understand how gender relates to economic life and well-being. This interdisciplinary collection of original research details key areas of intersection, provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research and proposes avenues for further investigation.The Handbook illuminates complex facets of the economic and social provisioning process across the globe. The contributors - academics, policy analysts and practitioners from wide-ranging areas of expertise - discuss the methodological approaches to, and analytical tools for, conducting research on the gender dimension of economic life. They also provide analyses of major issues facing both developed and developing countries. Topics explored include civil society, discrimination, informal work, working time, central bank policy, health, education, food security, poverty, migration, environmental activism and the financial crisis.Economists, sociologists and political scientists will find this book to be an invaluable research tool, as will academics, researchers and students with an interest in economics - particularly feminist economics - gender studies and global studies.Contributors: R. Albelda, N. Banks, D.K. Barker, S. Bergeron, H. Boushey, E. Braunstein, S. Charusheela, Z. Emami, D.M. Figart, A. Gaye, J. Ham, C. Harders, A. Hegewisch, E. Hirsh, H. Hollingdale, B.E. Hopkins, M. Kim, E.M. King, J. Klugman, M. Kovacevic, K. Krupp, D. Lallement, H. Liepmann, P. Madhivanan, N. Mansour, E. McCrate, L. McIntyre, N. Menon, J.A. Nelson, V.T. Nguyen, A. North, P.E. Perkins, V.S. Peterson, A. Philipose, J. Plantenga, M. Power, C. Remery, K. Rondeau, M. Saffar, S. Seguino, N. Stecy-Hildebrandt, E. Unterhalter, Y. van der Meulen Rodgers, I. van Staveren, T.L. Warnecke, R. Watterson, D. Weichselbaumer, B. Young, E. Zambrano

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This book investigates whether the European Commission (EC) has the mandate to legislate on direct taxation in sovereign states and ultimately questions whether the EC's enforcement action in recent tax ruling cases, in the area of State aid, respects the rule of law. Liza Lovdahl Gormsen explores whether the EC's recent rulings in relation to Member States' advanced pricing arrangements reflect a genuine problem of illegal State aid or whether the EC is attempting to use State aid rules to harmonise national tax systems. The author examines this issue through relevant case law, comparing the EC's actions with OECD guidance and US practices, assessing what is legitimate in terms of the EC's actions and competences. Through the lens of State aid and tax rulings, the author addresses the wider constitutional question of how to reconcile national interests with the move towards European harmonisation; does the answer lie in more integration, or less?This book will be of great interest to academics researching the relationship between the EC and Member States in regards to taxation, State aid and authority over direct taxation. Practising lawyers working in the field of State aid and tax will also find this to be a useful resource as it clearly outlines relevant case law and interprets the resulting decisions.

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Bringing together over 260 authors from 50 countries, the Encyclopedia of Comparative Law is the most comprehensive reference work in the field of comparative law.The Encyclopedia provides a unique collection of entries, written by authorities in their field, on the current state of this ever-emerging discipline. Entries provide unique insights into not only classical themes within the field but also expand the comparative method to many new topics – showing the way ahead for future scholarship. In addition, many topics are placed within a broader context, with attention given to aspects of social science, economics and anthropology.Entries are alphabetically arranged, covering topical aspects of comparative law as well as country reports addressing the world’s most important jurisdictions. The Encyclopedia is an indispensable source of information for anyone dealing with comparative and international aspects of the law.Key Features: A comprehensive range of over 225 substantive entries Entries organised alphabetically for ease of navigation Fully cross-referenced Special focus on methods used in comparative scholarship Entries written by the world’s foremost scholars of comparative law World class editorial team

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This book presents new original research on the main impediments to exports facing transition economies. It specifically addresses questions such as: are the impediments to exports mainly external and demand related, or are they associated more with the conditions of supply? How are governments promoting exports now that their influence over enterprise activity has been reduced? What strategies have enterprises developed to overcome existing barriers to exports? And what role does foreign investment play in the development of competitive export potential?The authors focus on the export performance of eight small transition economies with special emphasis on the behavior of exporting enterprises. Results of the analysis reveal that in the mid-1990s the companies inherited conditions and their strategies, as well as the domestic economic situation, are more important in determining export performance than characteristics of demand abroad. The authors conclude that exports have played a key role in the transition economies' recent recovery from recession and that further dismantling of remaining impediments will be critical as these economies become more integrated with the Western world.Trade Growth in Transition Economies will be essential for policymakers, governments and private sector business as well as for academics who analyze trade developments in Central and Eastern Europe and propose relevant policies to tackle impediments to exports.

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The Handbook of Alternative Theories of Economic Development explores the theories and approaches which, over a prolonged period of time, have existed as viable alternatives to today?s mainstream and neo-classical tenets. With a total of 40 specially commissioned chapters, written by the foremost authorities in their respective fields, this volume represents a landmark in the field of economic development. It elucidates the richness of the alternative and sometimes misunderstood ideas which, in different historical contexts, have proved to be vital to the improvement of the human condition. The subject matter is approached from several complementary perspectives. From a historical angle, the Handbook charts the mercantilist and cameralist theories that emerged from the Renaissance and developed further during the Enlightenment. From a geographical angle, it includes chapters on African, Chinese, Indian, and Muslim approaches to economic development. Different schools are also explored and discussed including nineteenth century US development theory, Marxist, Schumpeterian, Latin American structuralism, regulation theory and world systems theories of development. In addition, the Handbook has chapters on important events and institutions including The League of Nations, The Havana Charter, and UNCTAD, as well as on particularly influential development economists. Contemporary topics such as the role of finance, feminism, the agrarian issue, and ecology and the environment are also covered in depth. This comprehensive Handbook offers an unrivalled review and analysis of alternative and heterodox theories of economic development. It should be read by all serious scholars, teachers and students of development studies, and indeed anyone interested in alternatives to development orthodoxy.Contributors: M. Alacevich, R. Arocena, J.G. Backhaus, E.B. Barbier, R. Bielschowsky, C.N. Biltoft, R. Boyer, L. Burlamaqui, C.P. Chandrasekhar, M. Cimoli, A.M. Daastøl, G. Derluguian, W. Drechsler, S. Endresen, M.S. Erkek, M.S. Floro, J. Ghosh, J.-C. Graz, J.P. Hochard, I. Ianos, P. Jha, A. Kadri, R. Kattel, J.A. Kregel, B.-Å. Lundvall, A.C. Macedo e Silva, J.A. Mathews, L. Mjøset, S. Moyo, R.R. Nelson, G. Omkarnath, E. Özveren, J.G. Palma, P. Patnaik, G. Porcile, E.S. Reinert, S.A. Reinert, P.R. Rössner, A. Saltelli, M. Shafaeddin, A. Singh, I.G. Shivji, J. Sutz, Y. Tandon, E. Thurbon, F. Tregenna, H.S. Ünal, L. Weiss, T. Xu, P. Yeros, X. Zhao

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Certainly one of the most inclusive books in international political economy, which successfully combines a strong and very innovative theoretical investigation with a wonderful diversity of case studies. The book is highly pedagogic and particularly meets the expectations of students and educated persons who are short of updated analysis in this field.'- Bertrand Badie, Sciences Po, FranceSince the 1990s many of the assumptions that anchored the study of governance in international political economy (IPE) have been shaken loose. Reflecting on the intriguing and important processes of change that have occurred, and are occurring, Anthony Payne and Nicola Phillips bring together the best research currently being undertaken in the field. They explore the complex ways that the global political economy is presently being governed, and indeed misgoverned.The Handbook is organized into two fresh and original parts. In Part I the authors advance their own distinctive understanding of the international political economy of governance and thus make important contributions to the next phase of scholarship. Considering four key themes, they reflect on the ideological foundations of governance, the levels at which governance is articulated, the actors involved in governance and the ethical questions associated with the subject.Part II addresses the patterns of governance that prevail in particular issue areas. Invited to consider their contributions in the light of the four framing themes set out in Part I, these prominent authors offer key insights into contemporary dynamics in a wide range of issue areas and consider how their insights can be mobilized in refreshing the study of governance.Covering all themes central to the field of politics, this extensive and detailed Handbook will be of great value to students of governance, political economy, international relations and development studies.Contributors: A. Baker, J. Brassett, B. Carey, P.G. Cerny, J. Clapp, L. Clegg, N. Dasandi, L. Elliott, A. Gamble, A. Geddes, S. Harman, C. Hay, M.J. Hoffmann, D. Hudson, P. Knorringa, F.W. Mayer, G. Menz, M. Moschella, V. Muzaka, P. Newell, A. Payne, N. Phillips, T. Porter, B. Richardson, J.-P. Thérien, J. True, E. Tsingou, G.R.D. Underhill, R. Wilkinson

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Since the celebration of the bicentenary of The Wealth of Nations, the last twenty years have seen a burgeoning interest in Adam Smith's contribution to economics. Jan Peil's book aims to provide a new model for interpreting Smith's contribution to economic science. This model elucidates Smith's vision of the free market economy by placing it in the historical circumstances of the time. In the first part of the book the author discusses how we should read Smith and outlines the new hermeneutical model of interpretation of his economic thought. For example, in reviewing The Wealth of Nations, the author places Smith's work firmly in the context of moral philosophy and the debate on the sense and meaning of the emerging commercial society which was taking place in the 18th century. In discussing Smith's economics, the author clearly focuses on the question: why should we re-read Smith and according to which model of interpretation? Finally, he discusses the relevance of reinterpreting Smith's economics as part of moral philosophy for today's debate on the principles of economics.This innovative book will be of great interest to historians of economic thought and political economy, scholars and students of the philosophy and methodology of economics and all those interested in Adam Smith and his relevance for economics today.

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The Star Wars galaxy is a dangerous place. Be prepared! Would you survive in the spice mines of Kessel?Could you escape from a giant space slug?From tackling extreme weather and finding shelter, to avoiding social pitfalls, learn what to do to stay alive in a galaxy far, far away. © & TM Lucasfilm Ltd.

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The objective of this book is to present a comprehensive evaluation of the smart revolution, including its social and economic impacts. It proposes a modern framework to help assess how recent information and communication technologies (ICTs) can contribute to societies as a whole.The authors offer a guide to how advanced network technologies have led to a greater variety of applications and social networking services. These allow people to connect with each other both at a more personal and global level, and will ultimately herald a new era of ICTs that will shape the 'digital society'.This essential resource will appeal to academics, government officials and practitioners in telecommunications and media.Contributors: H. Ahmad, E. Bohlin, T. Bunno, M. Cave, M. Ehrler, N. Freund, H. Fuke, T. Garín-Muñoz, C. Gijón, K. Hatta, A. Henten, H. Idota, T. Jitsuzumi, N. Kasuga, M. Kimura, C. Kongaut, Y.-L. Liu, R. López, M. Lundborg, G. Madden, H. Mitomo, K.-Y. Na, A. Nakamura, T. Otsuka, T. Pérez-Amaral, E.O. Ruhle, N. Sakurai, M. Shishikura, M. Sugaya, R. Tadyoni, K. Takachi, M. Tsuji, C.-H. Yoon

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While characteristically 'Austrian' themes such as entrepreneurship, economic calculation, tacit knowledge and the temporal structure of capital are clearly relevant to the business firm, Austrian economists have said relatively little about management, organization, and strategy. This innovative book features 12 chapters that all seek to advance the understanding of these issues by drawing on Austrian ideas. Building on existing research in transaction cost economics, agency theory, evolutionary economics and the resource-based theory of the firm, the authors cover a wide range of theoretical and applied topics. These include knowledge management, authority and hierarchy, modularity, corporate restructuring, telecommunications regulation and competitive advantage. They clearly show how Austrian ideas can usefully engage, challenge and extend more mainstream perspectives on economic organization. There are many books on Austrian economics and many more on the theory of the firm, but virtually none that integrate these two bodies of literature. Scholars of Austrian economics and academics interested in strategy, organization and the theory of the firm will draw great value from this insightful book.

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This second edition contains 14 countries as opposed to 16 in the first edition, but is essentially different as it not only includes updates for the countries in common, but also six new ones including Australia, Finland, Japan, New Zealand, Nigeria and Russia. It is, therefore, essentially a complement to the first edition. The editors suggest that one of the most significant effects of globalization has been to widen the scope of diversity management as workforces are becoming more diverse, with migrants posing a particular challenge in some countries. Examination at national level is crucial as anti-discrimination legislation and its implementation vary from country to country, especially with respect to whether or not positive discrimination is a feature. Above all the picture is changing over time. Hence the need for this new edition.'- Peter J. Sloane, Swansea University, UK and Flinders University, Australia'By covering the diversity practices in 14 different countries this Handbook makes evident the need to consider diversity management from a global and local standpoint. What is legal and standard practice towards equality in one country can be viewed as discriminative and unlawful just across the border. With such complex reality, the authors of this book make an incredible job of providing the reader with detailed and useful information on how to approach diversity 'glocally' (that is, in multiple geographies). The book, in a way, is a global travel guide for diversity management that benefits both business managers and HR practitioners operating in the international arena.'- Simon L. Dolan, ESADE Business School, Spain and Editor-in-Chief, Cross Cultural Management: An International JournalManaging and developing diversity is on the political and business agenda in many countries; therefore diversity management has become an area of knowledge and practice in its own right. Yet all too often it is referred to as a unifying concept, as if it were to be interpreted uniformly across all cultures and countries. The contributors to this volume expertly examine the relationship between diversity management and equality legislation within the different participating countries' national contexts. They advocate that such separation and sequencing between equality at work and diversity management is far from natural.The second edition of this important reference work provides important updates and new perspectives on the cases constituting the first edition as well as including contributions from a number of new countries: Australia, Finland, Japan, New Zealand, Nigeria and Russia. Countries that have been updated and expanded are Austria, Canada, France, India, Italy, the Netherlands, South Africa and the United Kingdom.This Handbook will be greatly appreciated by scholars who wish to better contextualize their research and will also provide policy-makers with benchmark data regarding equal treatment and diversity as understood in other countries.Contributors: I. Adeleye, D. Atewologun, A.-F. Bender, R. Bendl, I. Bleijenbergh, E. Bokovikova, L.A.E. Booysen, J. Burgess, F. Colgan, E. French, R. Haq, R. Hofmann, A. Klarsfeld, S. Kosheleva, J. Laufer, J. Louvrier, V. Mackie, O. Matanmi, A. McKearney, A. Murgia, E. Ng, S.M. Nkomo, K. Okano, B. Poggio, J.K. Pringle, K. Ravenswood, K.Rawston, I. Roper, I. Ryan, R. Schalk, G. Strachan, A. Tatli, A. Terlouw, D.-G. Tremblay, A. Tuori, M. van Engen, E. Zavyalova

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The complete Shades of Magic trilogy by New-York-Times-bestselling author, V. E. Schwab.

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This substantially revised second edition evaluates the Directive on Copyright in the Information Society and its interpretation by the European Court of Justice in the light of its implementation and application in the EU's 28 member states. Following the initial implementation of the Directive, many member states have enacted further legislation to supplement or refine their earlier implementation: this edition will take these important developments into account. Key features of the updated second edition include: Chapters authored by experts from all 28 member states, providing detailed analysis on how the Directive has been implemented and applied on a national level Contextual chapters on the relevant WIPO treaties and the Directive that highlight areas of discretion left to national legislators Updated review of the European Court's case law that serves to interpret the Directive Expanded foreword by Dr Jörg Reinbothe, the architect of the Directive. Combining practical information on implementation of the Directive with the latest academic research this book will be of great value to policy makers, practising lawyers and researchers alike. The book will be of particular interest for the further development of copyright in the Digital Single Market since it captures the status quo of copyright protection in the member states at a decisive moment in the legislative debate. Contributors include: P. Adamsson, P. Akester, T. Aplin, S.L. Azzopardi, J. Bordans, A. Demetriades, W.Z. Dziomdziora, S. Ercolani, N. Epaminonda, M. Ficsor, P.M. Grimaud, K. Harenko, E. Ivanauskiene, J. Jost, G. Kadlecová, P. Kamina, V. Krizova, M.G. León, B. Lindner, K. Manhaeve, B. Michaux, V. Näslund, S. Olsovsky, F. Philapitsch, A. Quaedvlieg, L. Scales, M. Schaefer, T. Schiltz, P. Schønning, T. Shapiro, V. Sokolov, M. Trampuz, E. Vagena, M. Valousek, I. Veiksa, M. Voican, R.M. Vuckovic

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Working within the context of the evolutionary-institutional transformation of higher education, the authors trace the development of an economic model by which the behavioral tendencies of modern universities can be evaluated. That model is expanded to provide insights to the following questions: Why do universities compete and how do they develop and implement their competitive strategies? How do universities make critical institutional decisions about operational missions, academic policies, and internal resource allocation? Do universities efficiently and effectively pursue the special social functions assigned to them? Patrick Raines and Charles Leathers present an integrated, coherent theory to explain the behavior of universities and provide a realistic economic model that predicts how universities allocate their scarce educational resources. This alternative view is contrasted with the mainstream explanations of university behavior based on the maximization of student welfare or faculty influences. The authors extend the existing literature on the operation of universities by presenting a history of the evolution of the modern entrepreneurial universities as well as an explanation of academic capitalism.This absorbing volume will appeal to anyone interested in the history of economic thought or the history of education. Scholars of Veblen, Smith, and Malthus will be fascinated by their individual and comparative theories of the purpose and failures of higher education.

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Roy and Jan have assembled a timely snapshot of our current understanding of ecotourism, both as a concept worthy of scientific inquiry and as an increasingly significant segment of global commerce and industry. A terrific piece of work!'- Sam Ham, University of Idaho, US'In the 30 or so year since it became established in the tourism literature and in tourism practice, 'ecotourism' has attracted as many proponents as opponents. This Handbook now brings together some of the leading scholars worldwide in this field, to explore the current position of this form of tourism. In doing so, it offers serious critiques, it explores meanings and paradoxes, it offers best practices and it looks to the future. It is the Handbook for one of tourism's fastest growing and controversial sectors.'- David Airey, University of Surrey, UK'This is a most welcome and needed book. With a very strong editorial team and contributing authors, the Handbook covers all the key issues of ecotourism. It cuts through the confusion surrounding the much-misunderstood concept of ecotourism, clearly dealing with definitions, concepts and research issues. The Handbook is particularly welcome for its focus on the visitor experience, a strength of the editors, and for clearly linking the theory of ecotourism with practice in the field.'- Christopher Cooper, Oxford Brookes University, UKThis Handbook brings together contributions from over forty international experts in the field of ecotourism. It provides a critical review and discussion of current issues and concepts - it challenges readers to consider the boundaries of what ecotourism is, and could be. The Handbook provides practical information regarding the business of ecotourism; insights into ecotourist behavior and visitor experiences; and reflections on the practice of ecotourism in a range of different contexts.The Handbook is designed to be a valuable reference book for tourism scholars and researchers.Contributors: T. Baird, R. Ballantyne, T. Baum, P. Benckendorff, A. Bien, D. Biggs, R. Black, E. Brymer, R. Buckley, J. Butcher, J. Buultjens, S. Curtin, S. Dolnicar, R. Dowling, L. Dwyer, D. Edwards, J.H. Falk, D.A. Fennell, D. Getz, A. Grajal, C.M. Hall, E. Hawkins, K. Hughes, M. Hughes, E. Juvan, A.-M. Lacaze, J. Mann, E.W. Manning, G. Moscardo, D. Newsome, J. Packer, P.L. Pearce, S. Reid, B.W. Ritchie, K. Rodger, A. Shoebridge, A. Spenceley, N.L. Staus, L.A. Sutherland, C. Tisdell, C.L. Vernon, K. Walker, B. Weiler, N.E. White, V. Yanamandram

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Containing newly updated versions of existing entries and adding several important new entries, this second edition of the Elgar Encyclopedia of Comparative Law takes stock of present-day comparative law scholarship. Written by leading authorities in their respective fields, the contributions in this accessible book cover and combine not only questions regarding the methodology of comparative law, but also specific areas of law (such as administrative law and criminal law) and specific topics (such as accident compensation and consideration). In addition, the Encyclopedia contains reports on a selected set of countries' legal systems and, as a whole, presents an overview of the current state of affairs. Providing its readers with a unique point of reference, as well as stimulus for further research, this volume is an indispensable tool for anyone interested in comparative law, especially academics, students and practitioners. Contributors: M. Abe, D. Bradley, W. Bull, W.E. Butler, R. Caterina, M. Claes, H. Cousy, E. Dacoronia, G.-R. de Groot, M.J. de Waal, H. Dedek, M. Deturbide, R. Dotevall, J.E. du Plessis, M.G. Faure, B. Fauvarque-Cosson, J. Fedtke, F. Ferrari, A. Fournier, J. Fu, D. Geradin, H.P. Glenn, M. Gondek, J. Gordley, J. Hage, B. Havel, J.H. Herbots, V. Heutger, G. Howells, E.J. Hughes, M. Hunter-Henin, J. Husa, N. Jansen, M.T. Kamminga, A.J. Kanning, S.M. Kroll, P. Letto-Vanamo, S.D. Lindenbergh, G. Lubbe, B. Lurger, L. Macgregor, H.L. MacQueen, U. Magnus, K. Mayer, R. Michaels, J.M. Milo, H. Muir Watt, J. Neethling, H.P. Nehl, D. Nelken, L. Nottage, C. O'Cinneide, A.E. Orucu, V.V. Palmer, F. Pennings, P. Pichonnaz, B. Pozzo, L. Rademacher, G. Samuel, M.J. Schermaier, M. Schmidt-Kessel, E. Schrage, G. Shalev, L. Slepaite, D. Smith, J.M. Smits, Z.D. Tarman, V. Thuronyi, M. Torsello, J.H.M. van Erp, N. Van Leuven, C.H. van Rhee, L. van Vliet, A. Vaquer, R. Verhagen, R. Verkerk, D. Visser, S. Vogenauer, M. Vranken, S. Weatherill, T. Weigend, B. Wessels, C.A. Williams, J. Ziller, P. Zumbansen

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