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This highly original book provides an innovative analysis of EU migration and asylum law and its interplay with equality issues in order to assess the current integration framework for third-country nationals and to explore future scenarios in the European Context.Integration for Third-Country Nationals in the European Union focuses on the nexus between non-discrimination based on nationality and race, and the equality clauses covering different categories of regularly residing third-country nationals within EU law. It highlights the extent to which social rights that have been formally promised to non-EU citizens are enjoyed in practice. The contributing authors - who are both academics and practitioners - also consider the link between secure residence and equal treatment, highlighting on the implementation of EU Policies in aselection of Member States. Using socio-legal and comparative methods, this study provides an overview of the models of integration and social cohesion shaped by European and national actors in order to profile the present fragmented structure of European society and to discuss future possibilities.Academics, practitioners, and students interested in EU law and migration studies will find this enriching book invaluable.Contributors: D. Acosta Arcarazo, K. Bianchini, C. Carlitz, S. Davies, K. de Vries, M.V. Garlick, E. Guild, K. Hailbronner, M. Jesse, M. Kontos, M. Malena, S. Morano-Foadi, C. Pérez González, K. Puttick, A. Saarinen, A. Silvestri, E. Tsourdi

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The fields of intellectual property have broadened and deepened in so many ways that commentators struggle to keep up with the ceaseless rush of developments and hot topics. Kritika: Essays on Intellectual Property is a series that is designed to help authors escape this rush. It creates a forum for authors who wish to more deeply question, investigate and reflect upon the evolving themes and principles of the discipline. This second volume of Kritika, like the first, sees its contributors writing on core themes and concepts of intellectual property. The essays deal with the current limits of economic knowledge and approaches to intellectual property; China's approach to innovation and intellectual property; a functional and constructivist account of intellectual property rights; the evolution of the essential facilities doctrine, including in the Chinese context; the emergence of multi-layered IP protection for designed objects; the changing balance of the interests of trade mark proprietors, competitors and consumers; the interaction between place and non-agricultural geographical indications; and the trajectory of increased protection for intellectual property and some of its likely consequences. With contributions from: Giuseppe Colangelo; Vincenzo Di Cataldo; Susy Frankel; Johanna Gibson; Keith E. Maskus; Roberto Pardolesi; Thomas Riis; Jens Schovsbo; Ken Shao and Michel Vivant

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This two volume set brings together a key selection of papers written by Jacques J. Polak over the last 50 years in the fields of economics, econometrics and finance. Presented under five broad headings, the collection begins with his work on international and national business cycles - a subject on which the author worked with Nobel Prize winner Jan Tinbergen - problems of international trade and balance of payments adjustment. Later sections examine exchange rates and how they affect the balance of payments, inflation and hyperinflation; the monetary approach to the balance of payments, a subject that the author pioneered in the IMF and that became the framework of the conditionality of IMF credits; and international liquidity, with particular reference to the special drawing right (SDR). The final section features the author's essays on the international monetary system itself, including topics such as the international co ordination of national economic policies, the changes over time in the objectives of national policy making in the main industrial countries and reform of the system.Economic Theory and Financial Policy will be welcomed by researchers, students and practitioners concerned with economics, government finance, banking and international economic relations.

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With air transport becoming an increasingly vital part of the economy, the regulatory reform of this market has been a major development in European political economy. This book focuses on two market failures within the airline industry - market power and environmental externalities - and analyses how they have been affected by deregulation. The author employs economic models complemented by extensive empirical research, to demonstrate how the introduction of competition, brought about by liberalization, has resulted in considerable consumer benefits. The author argues that these benefits, such as increased choice through the expansion of operations, must be off set against increased environmental costs including greater noise pollution and emissions, not to mention the reduction of profits that often accompany market liberalization. In the process the book tackles a number of important issues including the background and history of airline regulation in the EU, the basic policy trade-off between monopoly power and external costs, monetary valuation of externalities, and the relationship between airline scheduling and external costs. Perhaps surprisingly, the author concludes that even in the presence of environmental costs, the introduction of competition in airline markets has resulted in net welfare improvements. Policymakers, as well as practitioners and researchers of environmental and transport economics, should draw great value from this original and pertinent volume.

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As home of the oldest motor bus company in the world, Eastbourne forms an excellent basis for a detailed analysis of bus transport. The history of that company, latterly Eastbourne Buses Ltd, is charted here from its beginnings in the early twentieth century up to the present-day controversy of the takeover by Stagecoach. Author Mick Hymans is uniquely placed to write about life on board Eastbourne’s buses, with thirty-eight years’ service as a bus driver in the town. He details everything from the ‘tomfoolery’ of the early days as a conductor to the advent of the one-person-operated buses. Using previously unpublished photographs from the company’s archive, this book offers a powerful insight into the operation of a bus service in a changing society, focusing on the camaraderie, personalities and real-life stories of those men and women who work ‘on the buses’.

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This book, written by a lawyer and an economist both of whom have worked extensively in the field of international trade, offers a challenging and thought-provoking consideration of actions against dumping and export subsidies. Unlike many books in the field which simply set out the relevant international agreements and discuss their interpretation by various regulatory authorities, this book identifies numerous contradictions found in existing law and practice. Many of which, the authors argue, defy economic as well as legal logic. In light of their analysis, the authors propose a number of changes to current law and practice. Whilst they are under no illusion of the likelihood that such changes will occur in the relevant agreements in the near future, it is hoped that through compelling argument they can not only contribute to future debate, but also shape the way these issues are treated in practice.Providing a critical analysis of the commonly used trade measures against dumping and export subsidies, Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Action will be of international interest, especially to regulatory authorities, trade lawyers, trade economists and scholars and students in business school

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'The alleviation of poverty and the protection of the environment are both critical challenges for the vindication of basic human rights for all of humankind. This relationship is however not necessarily an easy one. While there is an inextricable link between poverty and the degradation of the environment, a sophisticated analysis of a problem needs to deal with those cases where the need to increase economic opportunity for poor communities may appear to conflict with fragile ecosystems or the preservation of traditional practices. This collection provides the most sustained engagement with these problems. Drawing on the expertise of a range of distinguished authors, this book presents the reader with an integrated global engagement with these problems. In doing so, it represents a landmark effort towards the creation of a coherent literature to deal with one of humankind's most pressing challenges.'- Dennis Davis, Judge of the High Court, South Africa This timely book explores the complex relationship between the alleviation of poverty and the protection of the environment. There is every reason to believe that these issues are in many ways interdependent. However this book demonstrates that there are situations where alleviation of poverty and the protection of the environment appear to be in a fraught relationship. The contributing authors illustrate that the role played by law in this relationship, whether at the international or national level, will vary depending on the situation and will be more successful at pursuing environmental justice in some cases than in others. This interdisciplinary study will appeal to academics and students in environmental law and other environmental disciplines, environmental policy makers and NGOs interested in issues of poverty, environment and indigenous peoples. Contributors: C.D. Aceves-Avila, D. Behn, K. Bubna-Litic, M.A. Cohen, E. Couzens, J.J. Gonzalez Marquez, S. Gruber, O.F. Jauregui, M. Kidd, Y. Le Bouthillier, P. Martin, A. Mumma, L.C. Paddock, C.G. Pring, G.W. Pring, S. Sabzwari, D.N. Scott, D. Shelton, S.L. Smith

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This Companion offers comprehensive coverage of the dynamics of ethical behavior in organizations. Edited and authored by leading experts in the field, it is the ideal place to begin acquiring or updating knowledge about the moral dimension of work life.'- Adam Grant, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, US'Wide-ranging in its coverage, this compendium of measures will prove a very helpful aid to researchers studying ethics in organizations. The authors have drawn together and summarized empirical measures of diverse phenomena relevant to organizational ethics - both widely studied topics, such as ethical awareness, decision making, and behavior, and newer, important research on topics such as moral identity, intuition, and emotion. Given the recent rapid growth of behavioral studies of ethics in organizations, this is a very timely work.'- Gary R. Weaver, University of Delaware, US and Senior Associate Editor, Business Ethics QuarterlyBusiness ethics research and publications have proliferated in recent decades, coinciding with increased public interest in workplace ethical conduct. As studies of behavioral ethics extend across disciplines, scholars unknowingly worked in parallel, creating overlapping constructs and measures. Bringing clarity to the field, the Research Companion to Ethical Behavior in Organizations provides a central reference point for academics, human resource practitioners, and compliance officers interested in measuring the moral dimensions of individuals.With expert contributions, this book catalogs empirical work from management and social science disciplines, offering insights to the varied and nuanced constructs used in behavioral ethics. The authors describe and evaluate over 300 measures, including established surveys and new behavioral research techniques. Doctoral students and veteran management researchers will benefit from summaries of the latest ethics research tools and trends. Offering solutions for research challenges and suggesting new research streams and areas for fruitful study, this Companion enhances the burgeoning field of behavioral ethics.Contributors: B.R. Agle, J.B. Bingham, S.D. Brown, J.D. Carlson, K. Bell DeTienne, C. Frogley Ellertson, L, E. Garrett, R. Dailey Goodwin, D.W. Hart, H.M. Hendricks, D.C. Howe, M-C Ingerson, A.K. Klemme, C. Mealey, A. Miller, J.A. Miller, J. Camden Robinson, Z.J. Rodgers, J.A. Thompson, L.L. Wadsworth, M.C. Walsman, M.A. Widmer, A.L. Wilkins

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There are estimated to be almost 60 million people living in poverty throughout the European Union. This bleak statistic underlines the value of this important book which explores the nature and extent of poverty and social exclusion in six European countries, namely: Austria, Germany, Greece, Norway, Portugal and the UK. The book focuses on four 'life course' groups who might be considered particularly at risk: young adults, lone parents, the sick and disabled, and the retired.The authors show how poverty is the outcome of the interaction between several factors including education, gender and family structure. They emphasise the importance of distinguishing between poverty and non-monetary measures of deprivation and isolation. Although the poor are more at risk of suffering from deprivation, the authors demonstrate that this relationship is more tenuous than many people suppose. Employing rigorous theoretical and methodological analyses they go on to relate their findings to the policy environment in each of the countries, which were specifically chosen to reflect differing welfare systems. In this way the authors compare the impact of government policy on both the level of poverty and social exclusion, and on who is most at risk of experiencing them.Both statistically and in policy terms this book will be essential reading for students and academics of economics and the social sciences, and policy makers at both the national and European level.

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Professors Honig, Lampel and Drori have put together a collection of thought-provoking chapters on ingenuity written by an exciting group of scholars from around the world. The authors critically explore the difficult yet rewarding concept of ingenuity, and then apply this concept to the study of processes such as improvisation, bricolage and jugaad in a range of domains and settings such as sustainability, haute cuisine, dance and microfinance. I would recommend this book to academicians and practitioners alike interested in creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship.'- Raghu Garud, Pennsylvania State University, USThe editors of this Handbook, Benson Honig, Joseph Lampel and Israel Drori, define organizational ingenuity as 'the ability to create innovative solutions within structural constraints using limited resources and imaginative problem solving'. They examine the dichotomy between organizational freedom and necessity in order to better understand the role of ingenuity in the success of an organization.Organizational ingenuity is essential for effective action in a world where resources are increasingly scarce and regulations are ever more demanding. The authors examine existing models of this phenomenon and offer case studies and theoretical perspectives that illuminate the processes that shape high-quality outcomes. The Handbook concludes with a theoretical summary and a discussion of future research opportunities.This coherent collection, with rich and varied contributions from leading entrepreneurial thinkers, will appeal to students and scholars of business and entrepreneurship as well as to practitioners interested in creativity and innovation.Contributors: A. Banerjee, S. Clegg, L.W. Cox, M. Pina e Cunha, I. Drori, G. Gorse, P. Groenewegen, B. Honig, J. Koch, J.M. Korhonen, J. Lampel, S.R.H. Mariano, F. Masciarelli, J. Matthews, D.T. Methé, J. Moraes, P. Neves, P. Oliveira, A. Prencipe, A. Rego, W. Rothmann, T. Sagiv, N. Senf, J.G. Shearer, A.C.O. Siqueira, A.M.C.E. Stam, L. Välikangas, I.A.M. Wakkee, D.B. Zoogah

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Edited by three renowned specialists in comparative human resource management (CHRM) this expanded and updated Handbook explores the range of approaches for conceptualizing CHRM and highlights different policies and practices across the world.Leading experts challenge the assumption that there are consistent solutions for managing human resources across nations. Valuing the importance of context, particularly at a national and regional level, the chapter authors question the ‘best practice’ solutions by discussing theoretical, issue-based and regional-based distinctions in HRM. New to this edition:• an extended focus on the most essential theoretical underpinnings of CHRM including an anthropological comparative method additional in-depth studies in comparative areas covering the range of current HRM practice, including sustainable HRM• a broader set of countries and regions now including Central and South America, North and Sub-Saharan Africa, and Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines, to create the most comprehensive global coverage of comparative HRM research. This extensive Handbook is an essential resource for researchers and postgraduate students in international business, business administration, HRM, socio-economics and cross-cultural management.Contributors include: I. Aust, H. Bainbridge, C. Bischoff, T. Bondarouk, A. Bos-Nehles, P. Boselie, P. Boxall, J. Brandl, J. Briscoe, M.Y. Brannen, C. Brewster, P. Budhwar, H. Chung, D.G. Collings, N. Collins, G. Combs, A. Davila, P. Debroux, M. Dickmann, P.J. Dowling, M Elvira, A.D. Engle Sr., E. Farndale, M. Festing, S. Frenkel, B. Gerhart, L. Golden, D.T. Hall, R. Haq, W. Harry, S. Hayashi, N. Heraty, M. Hermans, M. Hirekhan, H.J. Huang, K. Jackson, S.E. Jackson, A. Kim, T. Kiyomiya, A. Klarsfeld, M. Lazarova, Y.-t. Lee, P.E.M. Ligthart, J.A. Los Baños, S.M. Madero-Gómez, W. Mayrhofer, K. Mellahi, E.K. Metwally, S. Michailova, D. Minbaeva, F. Moore, M.J. Morley, M. Muller-Camen, W. Nienhüser, I. Nikandrou, M.R. Olivas-Luján, J. Paauwe, L. Panayotopoulou, E. Parry, T. Peltonen, A. Pendleton, E. Poutsma, A. Psychogios, J. Quintanilla, B.S. Reiche, H.J.M. Ruel, I. Sahakiants, R.S. Schuler, P. Sparrow, E. Suarez, V.T. Supangco, L. Susaeta, S. Sweet, L.T. Szamosi, T. Tantoush, O. Tregaskis, E. Vaara, A. Varma, C. Warhurst, M. Warner, I. Weller, G. Wood, Y. Zhu, D.B. Zoogah

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There is growing interest in the relationship between gender and entrepreneurial activity. In this book, 37 eminent scholars from diverse academic disciplines contribute cutting-edge research that addresses, from a gender perspective, three general areas of importance: key characteristics of entrepreneurs, key performance attributes of entrepreneurial firms, and the role of financial capital in the establishment and growth of entrepreneurial firms. Each chapter focuses on original, burgeoning themes related to gender and entrepreneurship, with forward-looking research that highlights key findings. For example, some authors show how the so-called 'gender divide' in patenting is greater than in publishing for academic entrepreneurs. Others explore the corruption in business practices, which is less for women entrepreneurs than their male counterparts, and explain why gender diversity is higher in equity crowdfunding than in other entrepreneurial finance markets. The book takes a global approach, offering examples of entrepreneurs from around the world. Scholars and students interested in entrepreneurship and the role of gender in business will find this volume informative and eye opening.Contributors include: D.B. Audretsch, D. Benaroio, O. Bengtsson, A. Blume, M.E. Blume-Kohout, F. Carne, S. Coleman, J.A. Cunningham, B. Dolan, R.K. Goel, D. Göktepe-Hultén, C.S. Hayter, J. Hegland, N. Hodges, M. Johannesson, E. Karpova, M. Koparanova, E. Leahey, E.E. Lehmann, A.N. Link, L. Lynch, V. Mangematin, S. Marcketti, R. Mohammed, C. O'Kane, P. O'Reilly, M. Parker, R. Ram, A. Robb, T. Sanandaji, C. Trentini, S. Vismara, K. Watchravesringkan, M. Williams, K. Wirsching, R.-N. Yan, J. Yurchisin

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The Economics of Experiences, the Arts and Entertainment serves as a welcome and unique introduction to various economic aspects of the production and consumption of art and entertainment products. The book begins with analyses and discussion of neoclassical production and utility functions, with a focus on art and entertainment as instances of experience goods or services. The authors then go on to present alternative Austrian and institutional approaches which focus on the role of creative entrepreneurs in the market process. Aesthetic and psychological theories are also discussed with a focus on their impact on producers' and consumers' decisions, as well as historical examples of creative centres, such as Renaissance Florence and Post World War II New York.One important conclusion reached in the book is that there is no economically meaningful way to distinguish art from entertainment, if such a distinction is to be based on the inherent qualities of products. Instead, an analysis of the activities of interest groups, politicians and other gatekeepers to the world of the arts serves to illuminate how a designation as art serves to abolish market prices and suppress competition, in contrast to the much less distorted market for entertainment products.David and Ake E. Andersson's path-breaking book will appeal to scholars and researchers at all levels of academe involved in economics, public sector economics and those with a special interest in art and/or entertainment. Public and private sector managers, planners and administrators in various art and entertainment industries will also find much to engage them within this book.

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In recent years, and to varying degrees, there has been a marked trend towards decentralisation of labour market regulation in many European countries. The authors of this book seek to assess the impact of social partnership and social protection on the macroeconomic performance of nine member states of the European Union - namely Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK. They compare the performance outcomes of these countries with the USA over the last twenty years and find that, in broad terms, the countries that perform 'best' are those that have adapted and decentralised their systems of social partnership and protection.The authors also analyse the changing nature of social partnership and protection within the European Union (EU). They examine recent developments in EU social policy, particularly its shift towards employment promotion through the national action plans on employment that each member state is now required to introduce. These reinforce social partnership but also impose new challenges for governments, employers and unions to meet. Central amongst these challenges is the need to ensure that social partnership is as inclusive as possible. The authors conclude that the EU requires more social partnership if ever closer union, including monetary union, is to succeed and that employment promotion programmes must be pursued by the EU as a whole.

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This insightful and comprehensive Research Handbook explores the concept of start-up incubation ecosystems and investigates the various factors that interact to provide a nurturing environment suitable for the creation and successful development of start-ups. Chapters employ a range of approaches for the study of incubation ecosystems, including literature reviews, theoretical studies, and empirical research featuring both quantitative and qualitative methods. An international team of authors analyze data from a diverse range of countries to cover topics including: multi-level approaches to incubation ecosystems; start-up support mechanisms such as incubators, accelerators and co-working spaces; and the role of organizations involved in incubation ecosystems such as universities, government agencies and multinational companies. The Handbook thus illustrates the critical part played by the early development of start-ups within entrepreneurial ecosystems. Scholars and doctoral students working in entrepreneurship and innovation will find this Handbook invaluable to their understanding of start-up incubation ecosystems and in illuminating future research agendas. It will also prove useful to practitioners and policymakers working with start-ups and organizations that support them. Contributors include: B.W. Amo, C. Bellavitis, P. Benneworth, P.M. Bican, A. Billström, J.J. Bragelien, M. Breivik-Meyer, A. Brem, E. Carlsson, T.H. Clausen, C.M. DaSilva, M. Good, J. Grande, M. Gulbrandsen, J.Ø. Hansen, R.R. Hermann, E.J. Isaksen, A. Jensen, A.R. Johnson, E.J.B. Jørgensen, K. Kassel, M. Knockaert, L. Kolvereid, M. Landoni, K. Lesniak, A. Mariussen, K.E. Masyn, A. McKelvie, K. Messeghem, S. Mitchell, D. Modic, N. Nguyen, G. Nonet, N. Nordling, A. Novotny, A. O'Connor, I.B. Pettersen, R. Pugh, E. Rasmussen, T. Ratinho, S. Saarenketo, S.R. Sardeshmukh, M. Sargent, R.M. Smith, R. Sørheim, O. Straub, C. Theodoraki, E. Thomas, L. Torkkeli, E. van der Lingen, H. Velt, K.H. Voldsund, J. Wiklund, T. Yoshioka-Kobayashi

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EMU is a completely new policy regime which has significant economic implications and which, it is hoped, will ultimately enhance the role of Europe on the world stage. EMU and Economic Policy in Europe takes stock of the initial experiences of EMU and assesses the challenges which will have to be addressed in the early years of its existence to ensure its long-term objectives are successfully achieved.Bringing together leading scholars and policymakers, the book considers some of the most pertinent and significant issues surrounding the euro from a variety of different perspectives. These include the behaviour of monetary and fiscal authorities, the implications for policy co-ordination, the impact of the euro on financial markets and the consequences of EU enlargement.The distinguished array of authors have produced a comprehensive and balanced assessment of the initial economic and policy challenges facing EMU. European policymakers, financial economists and anyone with an interest in the process of European integration will benefit from reading this accomplished book.

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This groundbreaking book examines the status of female entrepreneurs across the world, analyzing the social, political, cultural and economic factors that affect their positions in society and their contributions to entrepreneurship and innovation within their respective countries.Using a combination of original data and detailed statistics drawn from reports by government agencies and international organizations, Andrea E. Smith-Hunter discusses the accomplishments and challenges of women entrepreneurs in nine countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Ghana, Iceland, India, Jamaica, Sweden and the United States. This geographic diversity provides a complete and comprehensive picture of women entrepreneurs worldwide - both their shared experiences and the specific conditions they face on a regional level. Following a detailed discussion of the current status of female entrepreneurs, the author offers a number of thoughtful recommendations for improving their opportunities and positions across the world.This innovative volume will prove highly useful for international organizations that assist women, as well as for professors and students of entrepreneurship studies and anyone else interested in the unique conditions faced by women entrepreneurs of the world.Contents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Australia 3. Brazil 4. Canada 5. Ghana 6. Iceland 7. India 8. Jamaica 9. Sweden 10. United States 11. Conclusion References Index

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Mary Contini grew up in East Lothian above her family's Italian cafe. She is the bestselling author of numerous books about Italian life and cooking, including Dear Francesca, Dear Olivia, Valvona & Crolla: A Year at an Italian Table and The Italian Sausage Bible. She is a Director of Valvona & Crolla, the renowned Edinburgh delicatessen, restaurant and cookery school.Pru Irvine is a food writer, author and journalist with a passionate interest in children's welfare rights. She has lead numerous cookery courses for children and until recently ran her own award-winning confectionary business.

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Non-market valuation has become a broadly accepted and widely practiced means of measuring the economic values of the environment and natural resources. In this book, the authors provide a guide to the statistical and econometric practices that economists employ in estimating non-market values.The authors develop the econometric models that underlie the basic methods: contingent valuation, travel cost models, random utility models and hedonic models. They analyze the measurement of non-market values as a procedure with two steps: the estimation of parameters of demand and preference functions and the calculation of benefits from the estimated models. Each of the models is carefully developed from the preference function to the behavioral or response function that researchers observe. The models are then illustrated with datasets that characterize the kinds of data researchers typically deal with. The real world data and clarity of writing in this book will appeal to environmental economists, students, researchers and practitioners in multilateral banks and government agencies.

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This outstanding text, a follow-up to the authors' award-winning 1982 text, provides a thorough treatment of economic welfare theory and develops a complete theoretical and empirical framework for applied project and policy evaluation. The authors illustrate how this theory can be used to develop policy analysis from both theory and estimation in a variety of areas including: international trade, the economics of technological change, agricultural economics, the economics of information, environmental economics, and the economics of extractive and renewable natural resources.Building on willingness-to-pay (WTP) measures as the foundation for applied welfare economics, the authors develop measures for firms and households where households are viewed as both consumers and owner/sellers of resources. Possibilities are presented for (1) approximating WTP with consumer surplus, (2) measuring WTP exactly subject to errors in existing econometric work, and (3) using duality theory to specify econometric equations consistent with theory.Later chapters cover specific areas of welfare measurement under imperfect competition, uncertainty, incomplete information, externalities, and dynamic considerations. Applications are considered explicitly for policy issues related to information, international trade, the environment, agriculture, and other natural resource issues.The Welfare Economics of Public Policy is ideal for graduate and undergraduate courses in applied welfare economics, public policy, agricultural policy, and environmental economics and provides an essential reference for practitioners of applied welfare economics.

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This outstanding text, a follow-up to the authors' award-winning 1982 text, provides a thorough treatment of economic welfare theory and develops a complete theoretical and empirical framework for applied project and policy evaluation. The authors illustrate how this theory can be used to develop policy analysis from both theory and estimation in a variety of areas including: international trade, the economics of technological change, agricultural economics, the economics of information, environmental economics, and the economics of extractive and renewable natural resources.Building on willingness-to-pay (WTP) measures as the foundation for applied welfare economics, the authors develop measures for firms and households where households are viewed as both consumers and owner/sellers of resources. Possibilities are presented for (1) approximating WTP with consumer surplus, (2) measuring WTP exactly subject to errors in existing econometric work, and (3) using duality theory to specify econometric equations consistent with theory.Later chapters cover specific areas of welfare measurement under imperfect competition, uncertainty, incomplete information, externalities, and dynamic considerations. Applications are considered explicitly for policy issues related to information, international trade, the environment, agriculture, and other natural resource issues.The Welfare Economics of Public Policy is ideal for graduate and undergraduate courses in applied welfare economics, public policy, agricultural policy, and environmental economics and provides an essential reference for practitioners of applied welfare economics.

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This insightful Handbook focuses on behavior, performance and relationships in small and entrepreneurial firms. It introduces a variety of contemporary topics, research methods and theoretical frameworks that will provide cutting edge analysis, stimulate thought, raise further questions and demonstrate the complexity of the rapidly-advancing field of entrepreneurship.With an extensive introduction, logical sequencing and a collection of interesting and original contributions from across the globe, the Handbook commences with two thought-provoking chapters, which raise issues of theoretical framing and highlight the importance of paradigm choice, methodology and method.After considering different disciplinary approaches to entrepreneurship and small business, various issues are raised about entrepreneurship education and learning and the application of entrepreneurship to various sectors and sectional interests. For example, what conceptual framework is available for entrepreneurs and small businesses? How does innovation relate to entrepreneurship and small business behavior? And what evidence is there of the links between better performing firms and effective learning? These issues are debated before the authors consider the future application of entrepreneurship research to different sectors.Both scholars new to the area, as well as established academics looking to extend their research scope to encompass the field of entrepreneurship and small business will find this work to be an invaluable and timely resource.Contributors: A. Anderson, R. Barrett, B. Bird, J. Broad, J. Byrne, M. Casson, D. Chalmers, E. Chell, A. de Bruin, M. Della Guista, A. Discua Cruz, A. Fayolle, C. Forson, E. Garnsey, W.B. Gartner, S. Gherardi, X. Gu, R. Hanke, R. Holt, J. Howells, C. Howorth, S. Jack, J. Jackson, O. Jones, M. Karatas-Ozkan, M. Kerrin, M. Lévesque, S. Lubik, A. Macpherson, S. Mayson, E. McKeever, M. Minniti, M. Ozbilgin, M. Ozturk, F. Patterson, M. Perrotta, L. Pittaway, A. Rauch, L. Schjoedt, E. Shaw, L. Spence, A. Tatli, O. Toutain, C. Yavuz

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Pierre le Pesant Boisguilbert was considered by Marx as one of the founders of classical political economy. His writings contain a large number of concepts and ideas that reappear in the writings of Quesnay, Cantillon and Adam Smith. George Berkeley - a major figure in the history of philosophical idealism - was the author of 'The Querist', a treatise on the nature of Irish under-development and cures for Irish poverty. Baron de Montesquieu - one of the great 18th century polymaths - is author of the masterpiece 'The Spirit of the Laws' (1748) which, while ostensibly a treatise on law, is actually a study of political organization, types of government, national character and the determining ethos of different societies. It enjoyed enormous success in the 18th century and was almost certainly read and studied by Adam Smith. Ferdinando Galiani was a leading critic of physiocracy and a major 18th century proponent of the subjective theory of value. In 1751 he published 'Della Moneta' which contains some notable chapters on monetary theory, and some brilliant pages on the utility theory of value. James Anderson was a Scottish farmer and a prolific author of tracts on the agricultural development of Scotland and the outstanding policy issues of the last quarter of the 18th century. Dugald Stewart was author of 'Account of the Life and Writings of Adam Smith LLD' (1793) which is one of the earliest, extended commentaries on the works of Adam Smith by one who knew him well.

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This fascinating book investigates the strategic importance of the production and dissemination of expertise in the activities of the international organizations (IOs) that have come to symbolize the dominance of the Western political and economic order. Analyzing IOs as semi-autonomous policy agenda shapers, chapters explore how they use economic frameworks to interpret the 'problems' and 'solutions' of wider, non-economic policy domains. Examining a diverse range of policy domains, such as education, global care chains, chemical safety, and participatory development, this book illustrates the knowledge authority of IOs on a micro-political scale, revealing the routes and trajectories of international power. Featuring contributions from experts in the field of agenda shaping and international politics, this book is critical reading for political scientists and researchers exploring the growing influence of IOs around the world. Policymakers will also benefit from its insights into the micro-politics of IO policy agendas. Contributors include: D. Dolowitz, C. Fontdevila, E. Fouilleux, V. Gayon, S. Grek, M. Hadjiisky, R. Mahon, S. Maire, A. Martin, O. Nay, R. Normand, L.A. Pal, D. Stone, A. Verger

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This insightful book presents leading-edge European research on entrepreneurial processes in a changing global world. The contributors take a closer look at what constitutes entrepreneurial processes; how entrepreneurs develop their businesses and access critical resources in times of crisis; and which roles knowledge and innovation play in continuous venture development. The chapters included in this volume give a flavor of the themes and approaches featuring in contemporary entrepreneurship and small business research in Europe. Entrepreneurial Processes in a Changing Economy will prove invaluable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of entrepreneurship and small business. Entrepreneurship and small business researchers as well as policy makers will also find plenty of relevant information in this important resource. Contributors: O. Belousova, M. Brand, A. Campos, T.H. Clausen, E. Croonen, B. Gailly, P.M. Garcia-Villaverde, D. Helleboogh, E. Hormiga, E. Laveren, R. Leenders, N. Lybaert, C. O'Gorman, G. Parra-Requena, E. Rasmussen, M.J. Ruiz-Ortega, V. Schutjens, B. Sleutjes, D. Smallbone, A. Van Gils, F. Van Oort, F. Welter, M. Wright

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This fascinating book examines and offers critical comments on the new 'significant market power'-regime, as put into place by the 2003 European regulatory framework on electronic communications networks and services. An overview of this regime, its characteristics, guiding principles, and procedures is provided, using the mobile sector as a case study. The authors give a clear and comprehensive presentation of the new SMP-procedure that may lead to the imposition of remedies on undertakings with significant market power. The book also contains an analysis of all available European Commission comments on the notifications of draft measures by national regulatory authorities, for mobile as well as other markets.Addressing pressing issues, in view of the implementation of the new regulatory framework, this book is a useful working instrument for everyone who is active in the electronic communications sector including practicing lawyers, firms in the electronic communications sector, regulatory authorities, academics and policymakers throughout Europe.

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Entrepreneurial Business and Society summarizes contemporary research in the field of entrepreneurship and small business and explores the interplay between the entrepreneur, the entrepreneurial firm and society.The contributors highlight that entrepreneurship may also contribute to social change and that welfare and success could be measured in terms of their effect on society. Topics explored throughout the volume are the promotion of entrepreneurial businesses, entrepreneurial people and entrepreneurial sectors.The book will prove invaluable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of entrepreneurship and small business. Entrepreneurship and small business researchers as well as policy makers will also find plenty of relevant information in this important resource.Contributors: B.W. Åmo, F. Bertoni, M. Bianchi, R. Blackburn, M. Brettel, D. Chiaroni, J. Collis, A. Croce, P. Eckerle, F. Frattini, J. Grande, M. Guerini, J. Heinonen, L. Hurmerinta, U. Hytti, E. Ka perová, J. Kitching, E. Ljunggren, R. Mauer, T. Minola, Ö. Örge, E. Paavilainen-Mäntymäki, R.K. Pati, E. Vuorinen, F. Welter, S.A. Zahra, L. Zhao

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`Not too long ago it was possible to be familiar with all of the important works and latest developments in transaction cost economics. That that is no longer the case is a testament to the intellectual appeal and empirical success of the transaction cost approach. For newcomers, the entries in this volume, by some of TCE's most knowledgeable and eloquent contributors, offer an excellent introduction to the issues, methods, discoveries, and debates in the field; for veterans, the volume provides a highly valuable resource for catching on newest research.' - Scott E. Masten, University of Michigan School of Business, US Since its emergence in the 1970s, transaction cost economics (TCE) has become a leading approach in the research on contracts, firm organization and strategy, antitrust, marketing, inter-firm collaboration and entrepreneurship. With contributions by leading scholars in economics, law and business administration - including Oliver E. Williamson, recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for his development of the transaction cost approach - this volume reviews the latest developments in TCE and applies them to contemporary theoretical and empirical problems. Beginning with an introductory essay by the editors, the book covers precursors and influences, core concepts, applications, alternatives and critiques. The contributing authors describe, extend and assess the transaction cost approach to economic organization, and examine the role of TCE in the larger legal, economic, and managerial literatures on organizations and institutions. An original and comprehensive volume, the Companion introduces the novice and informs the specialist about TCE's fundamental elements, recent controversies and new developments. An accessible and astute delineation of how transaction cost economics offers important and unique insights into key organizational, managerial and societal issues of our day, the Companion will be of particular interest to practitioners of business law and antitrust, corporate executives and management consultants. Additionally, academic researchers, scholars and students of economics, business and law will find it an invaluable reference.

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This important book examines the economic policies required to reduce carbon dioxide emissions - a major source of pollution throughout the world. It explores the likely impact of environmental taxes on income distribution and economic welfare.The authors consider a tax on domestic fuel and power and a carbon tax, and the likely adverse distribution effects of these on a population. The analysis allows for the direct and indirect effects (through inter-industry transactions) of taxes on prices and consumers' responses to these price changes. The welfare effects are also estimated for a variety of income groups. The authors then evaluate the inequality and social welfare measures and consider whether the distributional effects can be overcome by adjusting transfer payments to compensate lower-income groups. This study examines environmental taxes in Australia with methods which can be applied to other countries, some of which were specifically designed to overcome data limitation problems.Environmental Taxes and Economic Welfare will be of special interest to researchers, academics, policymakers and advisers on taxation and environmental policy.

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This book introduces readers to the discipline of ecological political economy, an approach that aims at a theoretical synthesis of nature, production and power relations. At its heart is a critical appreciation of the social institutions and organizations that can provide the basis for strong environmental sustainability. The complex of ecological, political and economic interrelationships are analysed by eleven authors from backgrounds in economics, political theory, political economy, law and theology. Unifying the disparate treatments is each author's commitment to critical reflection in the pursuit of an ever-more informed debate. Key themes include the nature of 'community', the role of civil society in resisting and reforming modern (un)sustainable development, the new place of transnational advocacy networks, the transformative possibilities for the state and new economic institutions.This book will be of special interest to political scientists and economists, as well as geographers, sociologists and students of environmental studies.

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This Handbook demonstrates the well-established body of thinking on sustainable development which now exists, and its tighter focus today on limits to current economic growth patterns. But while there have been lots of big global debates on planetary boundaries, and thresholds for critical resources, there has been little progress on the ground and in getting the politics right. Contributing authors show that many of the models we use to understand and manage relations between planet, people and profit are hopelessly mis-specified. But better tools exist, such as sustainability indicators, national environmental accounts, and the ecological footprint to help bridge this gap.'- Camilla Toulmin, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), UK'There is now wide recognition that current patterns of economic development are already putting great strains on resources, environment and the climate and that, if continued, the consequences could undermine or reverse past development gains and, possibly, lead to catastrophe. In other words our current paths are unsustainable. This Handbook provides a very thorough, thoughtful and valuable contribution to our understanding of the possible meanings of sustainable development, how it can be understood and calibrated, and characteristics of and choices around alternative paths. This is a subject that should be at the centre of the study of development and encompasses many disciplines. And it should be a subject that commands the attention of all those who think carefully about our future well-being; they will find this Handbook fascinating and essential reading.'- Lord Nicholas Stern, London School of Economics and Political Science, UKThis timely and important Handbook takes stock of progress made in our understanding of what sustainable development actually is and how it can be measured and achieved.This fully updated and revised second edition captures recent developments in the field, including 14 new chapters by internationally renowned authors from a variety of perspectives and disciplines. The authors explain that the gap between public commitments to sustainable development and real-world action towards achieving it is still significant, but not insurmountable, and that opportunities do exist to reduce that margin. Contributors synthesize the established knowledge and clearly present cutting-edge concepts from the frontier of sustainability research with direct relevance to theory and practice. Topics covered include: the fundamentals of sustainability; equity within and between generations; the capital approach; green growth; measurements and indicators of sustainability; climate change and wellbeing.This accessible, comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to exploring the theory and practice of sustainable development will prove an invaluable reference tool for researchers, students, academics and practitioners with an interest in the field of sustainable development.Contributors: W.N. Adger, S. Afionis, J. Agyeman, M. Agarwala, J.A. Allan, G.B. Asheim, G. Atkinson, R.M. Auty, E.B. Barbier, A. Bowen, C. Carraro, M.A. Cole, G. Cranston, S. Dietz, L. Dupuy, O. Edenhofer, P. Ekins, S. Fankhauser, T.J. Foxon, A. Galli, G. Gosnell, A. Gouldson, R. Green, K. Hamilton, G. Heal, C. Hepburn, J. Hodbod, T. Jackson, S. Kadner, B. Kristr m, G.-M. Lange, P. Lawn, A. Lucchesi, G. Luderer, J.A. McGregor, G. McNicoll, J.C. Morales, Y. Mulugetta, E. Naikal, E. Neumayer, B.G. Norton, D. Pearce, A. Randall, Y. Rydin, G. Schwerhoff, R. Sullivan, A. Thompson, C.A. Tisdell, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, J. Vogler, C. von Stechow, M. Wackernagel, A. Winkels, G. Yohe, Z. Zhang

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Edited by three renowned specialists in comparative human resource management (CHRM) this expanded and updated Handbook explores the range of approaches for conceptualizing CHRM and highlights different policies and practices across the world.Leading experts challenge the assumption that there are consistent solutions for managing human resources across nations. Valuing the importance of context, particularly at a national and regional level, the chapter authors question the ‘best practice’ solutions by discussing theoretical, issue-based and regional-based distinctions in HRM. New to this edition:• an extended focus on the most essential theoretical underpinnings of CHRM including an anthropological comparative method additional in-depth studies in comparative areas covering the range of current HRM practice, including sustainable HRM• a broader set of countries and regions now including Central and South America, North and Sub-Saharan Africa, and Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines, to create the most comprehensive global coverage of comparative HRM research. This extensive Handbook is an essential resource for researchers and postgraduate students in international business, business administration, HRM, socio-economics and cross-cultural management.Contributors include: I. Aust, H. Bainbridge, C. Bischoff, T. Bondarouk, A. Bos-Nehles, P. Boselie, P. Boxall, J. Brandl, J. Briscoe, M.Y. Brannen, C. Brewster, P. Budhwar, H. Chung, D.G. Collings, N. Collins, G. Combs, A. Davila, P. Debroux, M. Dickmann, P.J. Dowling, M Elvira, A.D. Engle Sr., E. Farndale, M. Festing, S. Frenkel, B. Gerhart, L. Golden, D.T. Hall, R. Haq, W. Harry, S. Hayashi, N. Heraty, M. Hermans, M. Hirekhan, H.J. Huang, K. Jackson, S.E. Jackson, A. Kim, T. Kiyomiya, A. Klarsfeld, M. Lazarova, Y.-t. Lee, P.E.M. Ligthart, J.A. Los Baños, S.M. Madero-Gómez, W. Mayrhofer, K. Mellahi, E.K. Metwally, S. Michailova, D. Minbaeva, F. Moore, M.J. Morley, M. Muller-Camen, W. Nienhüser, I. Nikandrou, M.R. Olivas-Luján, J. Paauwe, L. Panayotopoulou, E. Parry, T. Peltonen, A. Pendleton, E. Poutsma, A. Psychogios, J. Quintanilla, B.S. Reiche, H.J.M. Ruel, I. Sahakiants, R.S. Schuler, P. Sparrow, E. Suarez, V.T. Supangco, L. Susaeta, S. Sweet, L.T. Szamosi, T. Tantoush, O. Tregaskis, E. Vaara, A. Varma, C. Warhurst, M. Warner, I. Weller, G. Wood, Y. Zhu, D.B. Zoogah

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In recent decades, local government has become increasingly complex. The Political Economy of Local Government draws upon recent developments in economics, including new institutional economics, and contemporary advances in the theories of social capital and leadership, in order to explain local government policy formulation.The authors go beyond the study of local public goods to explore the sources of market failure and examine whether local authorities are more susceptible to certain types of government failure. In addition, a transaction cost analysis of markets, hierarchies and networks is applied to ascertain the comparative institutional advantage local authorities might have in the supply of local governance. The book also considers the extent of the influence that these recent advances in the theories of social capital and leadership have on the process and implementation of local government policy. This book offers a fresh and readily accessible perspective on the political economy of local government policy making, and will be of particular interest to students and practitioners of economics, political science, public administration, policy studies and local government.

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Do conceptions of the Rule of Law reflect timeless truths, or are they in fact contingent on a particular information and communications infrastructure - one that we are fast leaving behind? Hildebrandt has engineered a provocative encounter between law and networked digital technologies that cuts to the heart of the dilemma confronting legal institutions in a networked world.'- Julie E. Cohen, Georgetown University, US'Many contemporary authors are wrestling with two technological developments which will change our society beyond recognition: big data analytics and smart technologies. Few though understand, or can explain, these developments in the way Mireille Hildebrandt does. In ambitiously bringing together legal theory, psychology, social ethnology and of course smart agency and ambient intelligence, Hildebrandt gives the most complete study of these vitally important developments. Books are often described as 'must read' though few actually are; this one genuinely is.'- Andrew Murray, London School of Economics, UKThis timely book tells the story of the smart technologies that reconstruct our world, by provoking their most salient functionality: the prediction and preemption of our day-to-day activities, preferences, health and credit risks, criminal intent and spending capacity.Mireille Hildebrandt claims that we are in transit between an information society and a data-driven society, which has far reaching consequences for the world we depend on. She highlights how the pervasive employment of machine-learning technologies that inform so-called 'data-driven agency' threaten privacy, identity, autonomy, non-discrimination, due process and the presumption of innocence. The author argues how smart technologies undermine, reconfigure and overrule the ends of the law in a constitutional democracy, jeopardizing law as an instrument of justice, legal certainty and the public good. Nevertheless, the book calls on lawyers, computer scientists and civil society not to reject smart technologies, explaining how further engaging these technologies may help to reinvent the effective protection of the Rule of Law.Academics and researchers interested in the philosophy of law and technology will find this book both discerning and relevant. Practitioners and policy makers in the areas of law, computer science and engineering will benefit from the insight into smart technologies and their impact today.

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The authors of this comprehensive study address why it is that some small firms perform well and others don't, and whether high-performing firms share characteristics that distinguish them from low-performing firms. By exploring bundles of resources and their interaction with other factors, the authors explain important small business outcomes such as growth, performance, entrepreneurial activity, and the chance of receiving debt or equity capital. The authors find that while resources may be valuable, it is essential that small businesses have the processes to facilitate the manipulation of resources into value-creating strategies. Rather than reaching the conclusion that more is always better, the authors tease out the conditions under which certain resources are particularly valuable, as well as the conditions under which these and other resources are less valuable. The resource factors examined range from aspects of the human capital of the small business manager, such as length of education or prior experience with business start-ups, to social capital variables and firm-level resources, such as access to financial capital and competence. Representing leading-edge research across several levels of analysis, this volume will be a useful resource for scholars and students of entrepreneurship and small business, as well as for entrepreneurs and small business owners. Policymakers will find the volume helpful in understanding the effect policies may have on small businesses and the subsequent impact on the economic performance of a region.

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Industry, Space and Competition rediscovers the contributions of the past on industrial organization and spatial economics and analyses these within the context of current movements towards globalization, regionalization and localization.It re-examines the work of von Thunen, Marshall, Weber and Perroux as well as re-assessing less well-known authors including Quesnay, George and Hearn whose contributions have previously been largely disregarded. The book analyses their contributions to spatial economics, industrial organization and economic geography within an historical context. The authors then go on to discuss related issues which are not strictly from the discipline of economics. Finally the authors propose that there should be more interaction with other disciplines including history and geography in order to gain a greater understanding of the subject.This book will be welcomed by historians of economic thought, regional economists, industrial economists, especially those interested in industrial organisation and competition, and scholars of international economics and economic geography.

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This is the story of Eric William Absolon, a relentlessly enthusiastic aviation champion, whose lifelong love of aircraft has never wavered throughout his long and varied career. From boyhood fascination to the adult realization of his ambitions, this first-hand account takes in some of the key events of the dynamic period of twentieth century history which the author lived and worked through. Working his way up the ranks of the Gloster Aircraft Company, Absolon was able to see all the component processes of Aircraft production. The insight he provides into the inner workings of this bustling center of Twentieth Century Aircraft production is unparalleled in modern accounts. Anyone with a fascination for the secret life of Aircraft is in for a treat here as the author relays his working experiences at the creative hub of the industry. His experiences include involvement with the post-war Drop testing of Meteor aircraft, working closely with these infamous vehicles of war in his role as Chief of Engineering Research, as well as an involvement with the more commercial side of Aviation production, a division within Gloster for which he served as Manager. This narrative charts his career with Gloster as well as a series of other companies who invited Absolon to offer his services. It also relays the story of the implementation and development of his own aviation production business, Aljac Engineering Ltd. His expertise was highly prized then, and is now applied in the translation of experience into engaging prose, set to appeal to all genre enthusiasts.

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Featuring expert contributors from around the world, this book offers insight into the vital theoretical and practical aspects of the economics of copyright. Topics discussed include fair use, performers' rights, copyright and trade, online music streaming, internet piracy, copyright and visual art markets, and open source publishing. In addition to in-depth coverage of these timely topics, the authors also offer insightful predictions and policy recommendations for the future.Each of the self-contained chapters is written by a distinguished expert and is pitched at a level designed to be accessible to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in economics and law. As a whole, the book covers all of the topical content that a student of copyright economics should know. Teachers and lecturers will find all the required material to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject in a single volume. For scholars with a legal background, the book will also act as an effective introduction or refresher in the economic theory underlying copyright.Contributors: D.S. Banerjee, W.J. Gordon, P.J.Heald, S.J. Liebowitz, S.E. Margolis, F. Mueller-Langer, E. Rosati, S.F. Schwemer, R. Towse, M. Waldman, R. Watt

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This original book presents a new basis for environmental policymaking: environmental networks. This framework graphically simplifies the analysis of environmental problems and emphasizes the spatial nature of economic activity and pollution dispersion.The book first discusses the foundations of environmental economics before going on to apply the environmental network approach to different firm structures. The authors then extend the analysis to incorporate multiple products and pollutants, the presence of transaction costs, the availability of investment in production technologies, and the issue of noncompliance versus compliance. They also apply the network approach to pollution caused by transportation and assess the success of permits in limiting this. The authors then formulate integrated models, analyzing the use of permits and taxes in firms, producers, and consumers, as well as transportation and trade routes. This book will be of interest to students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in environmental and transport economics.

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The Persian Gulf is arguably the most militarized region in the world. The authors of this insightful book examine military expenditures, arms imports and military deployment to analyze how and why this came to be. Muslim teachings have much to say about peace, war and economics, and this book explores the ways in which Islamic thought affects military and economic developments.The authors find that heavy militarization is the result of a combination of factors, including oil wealth disparities among the countries in the region, high oil revenues, corruption and foreign interference. The authors detail and discuss these factors, and follow this analysis with an assessment of the effects of high military expenditures - wars, conflicts, regional instability - and their heavy economic toll in retarding development and growth. The book concludes by suggesting ways that military expenditures may be reduced to benefit regional peace, stability and economic prosperity.Scholars and students in economics, political science and international affairs as well as anyone interested in the Middle East will find this book timely and illuminating.

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This thought-provoking book discusses the concept of progress in economics and investigates whether any advance has been made in its different spheres of research. The authors look back at the history, successes and failures of their respective fields and thoroughly examine the notion of progress from an epistemological and methodological perspective. The idea of progress is particularly significant as the authors regard it as an essentially contested concept which can be defined in many ways - theoretically or empirically; locally or globally; or as encouraging or impeding the existence of other research traditions. The authors discuss the idea that for progress to make any sense there must be an accumulation of knowledge built up over time rather than the replacement of ideas by each successive generation. Accordingly, they are not concerned with estimating the price of progress, reminiscing in the past, or assessing what has been lost. Instead they apply the complex mechanisms and machinery of the discipline to sub-fields such as normative economics, monetary economics, trade and location theory, Austrian economics and classical economics to critically assess whether progress has been made in these areas of research.Bringing together authoritative and wide-ranging contributions by leading scholars, this book will challenge and engage those interested in philosophy, economic methodology and the history of economic thought. It will also appeal to economists in general who are interested in the advancement of their profession.

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In many countries, the real estate sector is vulnerable to money laundering due to a high number of factors including; the high value of assets, price fluctuations and speculation within the market, difficulties in assessing the true value of a house, and the fact that the legal owner is not necessarily the economic owner. In this book, the authors identify a total of 25 characteristics which render a property susceptible to money laundering. The more such characteristics a property exhibits, the more suspicious it becomes. The authors also discover that some of these characteristics weigh heavier than others. Combining economic, econometric and criminological analysis, this multidisciplinary approach shows how to detect criminal investment in the real estate sector. This well-researched book will appeal to government authorities responsible for combating money laundering, international organizations such as the IMF, the UN, the Worldbank and the EU, as well as financial intelligence units in all countries. Real estate associations, real estate research centers, criminologists and economists will also find this book invaluable.

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This book aims to disentangle the complex relationship between innovation and its potential determinants, paying special attention to the roles of governance and regulatory frameworks, and the ways in which the latter interact with other drivers of innovation such as competition and the innovator's closeness to the technology frontier.The contributors provide theoretically grounded and empirically-rich findings indicating that governance and regulation affect innovation directly and indirectly through interaction with other drivers of innovation. The direct effects are positive in the case of governance quality and prescriptive regulations that set standards for compliance. However, the direct effects of corporate governance are not uniform and depend on the corporate governance dimension under investigation. The authors demonstrate that the direct effects are only part of the story. Both governance and regulatory standards interact with the level of competition and the distance to the technology frontier that may have complementary or offsetting effects. Overall, the findings in the book indicate that the relationship between innovation and its potential determinants is more complex and hence calls for more nuanced policy design compared to what is assumed in policy statements by national and international policy actors.This thought-provoking book will provide a stimulating read for a wide-ranging audience, including scholars and researchers in the fields of economics, industrial organization, public policy and innovation studies.Contributors: A. Conte, P. Demirel, P.-J. Engelen, G.S. Erickson, N. Hashem, F. Huet, E. Kesidou, S. Porcher, E. Trushin, M. Ugur, M. van Essen

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The notion of endogenous innovation as the outcome of the creative response of firms to out-of-equilibrium conditions is the cornerstone of the new evolutionary complexity. In this book, Cristiano Antonelli elaborates, applies and tests, with his colleagues, the Schumpeterian framework established in the author?s previous work Endogenous Innovation: The Economics of an Emergent System Property.The author carefully explores the role of the reactivity of firms to out-of-equilibrium conditions with a unique mix of econometric tools and simulation techniques. He examines the central role of knowledge externalities in shaping the likelihood of creative responses, and hence the generation of new knowledge and the introduction of innovations, as an alternative to adaptive responses that lead the system to equilibrium with no growth. In so doing, he confirms that innovation is the outcome of the interaction between individual decision-making and the endogenous and path-dependent properties of the system into which firms are embedded.This original and insightful work will be required reading for all those working on evolutionary economics, complexity economics, and the economics of innovation and knowledge.

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This is the second volume of Sir E. A. Wallis Budge’s narrative account of Ethiopian history, and continues the chronicle of the Kings of Abyssinia where the first volume ended: the death of Lebna Dengel in 1540.The list of kings ends with the Regent Rās Tafari, who still reigned at the time of first publication in 1928. Thereafter, the author devotes considerable attention to an overview of the cultural, social and political idiosyncrasies of the Ethiopian people: literature, spells and magic, architecture, ethnography, the alphabet, and a wide range of other engrossing topics. This material complements the narrative history, helping to situate the deeds of the kings and the fortunes of their people in a broader context.

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European Rules of Civil Procedure sets out a clear examination of the Rules adopted by UNDROIT and the European Law Institute in 2020. Presented within a systematic structure to aid enhanced academic understanding, it precisely showcases the comparative knowledge of its authors.Key Features: Provides rule-by-rule explanations of the ELI-UNDROIT Model European Rules of Civil Procedure Encompasses insight from a diverse international team of authors including members of the ELI/UNIDROIT project Offers commentary on all rules of the ERCP, surveying their meaning and application as well as their collective history This in-depth Commentary will be essential for academics of European, private, corporate and commercial law disciplines wishing to sharpen their knowledge of comparative civil procedure. It will additionally benefit policy makers and practitioners with an interest in using the model rules to provide a framework for national legislation.

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Open-Economy Macroeconomics for Developing Countries focuses on fiscal, monetary and exchange rate issues of importance to less developed economies. The book argues that the dichotomy between the short-term macroeconomic stabilization goal and the long-term economic growth objective commonly found in developing countries' policy framework is inappropriate. The authors report empirical evidence to support the proposition that macroeconomic stability is a pre-requisite for sustained economic growth and the root of macroeconomic instability in developing countries lies in the government budget deficits. The book discusses the stabilization tools available to deal with capital flows, supply shocks and the effects of financial deregulation. It opens with a discussion of macroeconomic policy problems for open developing economies and an historical overview of the international institutions such as IMF, GATT and UNCTAD. The authors then provide a comprehensive review of macroeconomic models which are popularly used to analyse policy dilemmas related to internal and external balances of open economies.Having reviewed the institutional and theoretical framework, the authors assess the macroeconomic impact of financial deregulation, capital flows and foreign investment. They address the debt crisis, financial instability, capital flight, currency substitution and exchange rate arrangements. The authors also consider more general issues such as the political economy of macroeconomic management and the institutional framework that may enhance credibility and effectiveness of macroeconomic policy. In conclusion, they stress that the openness of an economy itself acts as a constraint on macroeconomic mismanagement and hence may enhance economic growth.This comprehensive book will be an important addition to the literature, and will be of use to advanced undergraduates and graduates of development economics, development studies and financial and monetary economics.

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This important book provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of privatization on the economic performance of companies in Central and Eastern Europe. It sheds new light on the achievements and shortcomings of the privatization process and draws out lessons for the future.After considering the theoretical issues surrounding privatization, the authors provide an in-depth examination of corporate governance and company performance in advanced market economies as well as transition economies. They begin with a description of the main principles, techniques and results of privatization in Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary and Poland. A statistical and econometric analysis of extensive company-level data and interviews from a large number of firms between 1990 and 1997 is then conducted to discover the main factors in changing economic performance. Using this information the authors compare the transformation of the company sectors in the four countries, and in addition assess company restructuring from the perspective of West European privatizations.Privatization and Economic Performance in Central Eastern Europe will be of interest to policymakers in governments and international organizations and those working in the fields of microeconomics, industrial organization and transition studies.

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