Search results for ""Springer International Publishing AG""

The book provides guidance and direction for any nurse educator teaching in the professional environment and must write questions to evaluate learning. It covers the basics of item writing and leveling of items using Bloom's taxonomy to the learner. In addition, the book provides stem examples and new types of questions expected on the National Council Licensure Examination for both the registered and practical nurse. Finally, case study development and item analysis are presented.Evaluation of student performance by examination is critical in nursing education, from undergraduate to continuing education programs. Many faculty have reported learning the item writing process in graduate programs, but it is often lost or not reused. Recent research reports nursing faculty using textbook questions that have not been validated and security of the questions have been compromised. A nursing education profession should have the ability to develop items to validate that learning has occurred. The skill is essential to any professional to evaluate the effectiveness of learning.Critical thinking is a skill necessary for licensure examinations, and students often need assistance to learn this skill to pass the licensure examination and practice as a nurse. Therefore, faculty need a source to facilitate their development of the learned item writing process to assist learners and prepare them for practice.This book is unique in that it addresses the basics and the advanced components. In addition, the book provides a substantial list of stems and case study ideas. Finally, the book describes how to use a knowledge-based item and develop an item to a higher level of Blooms' taxonomy and assists those nursing programs that educate international students to adequately prepare for the student to pass the national licensing examination required to practice in the US and Canada.

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design, EvoMUSART 2023, held as part of Evo* 2023, in April 2023, co-located with the Evo* 2023 events, EvoCOP, EvoApplications, and EuroGP.The 20 full papers and 7 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. They cover a wide range of topics and application areas of artificial intelligence, including generative approaches to music and visual art, deep learning, and architecture.

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This book addresses the state of the art of reduced order methods for modelling and computational reduction of complex parametrised systems, governed by ordinary and/or partial differential equations, with a special emphasis on real time computing techniques and applications in various fields.Consisting of four contributions presented at the CIME summer school, the book presents several points of view and techniques to solve demanding problems of increasing complexity. The focus is on theoretical investigation and applicative algorithm development for reduction in the complexity – the dimension, the degrees of freedom, the data – arising in these models.The book is addressed to graduate students, young researchers and people interested in the field. It is a good companion for graduate/doctoral classes.

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In this book, part of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) textbook series, experts in the field of clinical ethics describe basic principles of clinical ethics and ethical reasoning, the fundamental pillars of intensive care medicine as well as the decision-making processes necessary to arrive at appropriate decisions for each individual patient. Specifically, the complex decision-making process, with regard to limiting life-sustaining therapies and integrating palliative care into intensive care, are expounded. Furthermore, the still controversial topics of ethical climate, proportionate care, and prioritization are elaborated upon. The so-called “soft skills” of inter-professional communication and co-operation are given the attention they deserve in order to overcome the gap between technological progress and interpersonal standstill. Finally, widely accepted ethical values and principles were challenged by the Covid-19 pandemic, forcing clinicians to elaborate recommendations regarding the prioritization of scarce resources. The book will be an invaluable tool for clinicians to understand ethical principles and reasoning to contend ethical challenges in intensive care medicine across the boundaries of disciplines and professions, in order to provide an appropriate individual plan of treatment for their patients.

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This open access book focuses on the importance that EU politicization has gained in European democracies and the consequences for voting behaviour in six countries of the EU: Belgium, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. Most of the studies which research the way the EU is being legitimised focus on the European Parliament elections. In this book we argue that to understand how EU accountability works, it is necessary to focus instead on national elections and the national political environment. Through a detailed, multimethod analysis this book establishes rigorously the paths of European accountability at the national level, its propitious contexts in the media and parliamentary debates, and whether the paths are similar from Greece to Germany. The findings have implications for both national and European Union democracy, underlining the importance that national institutions have in enabling citizens to hold the EU accountable.

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This book discusses complex motivational conditions and strategies on macro, meso, and micro levels promoting reflectivity in interpersonal professional practice. The increasing demands made on practitioners in social and health services, as illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic, can lead to great uncertainty over how to find "the right response" to complex expressions of need and how to account for ethical professional decisions in view of prevailing strategies of 'risk reduction' and managerial accounting. Reflectivity has been recognised as being of central importance for guiding practitioners towards situationally differentiated and accountable practice. However, it is a complex process made up not only of different psychological components and their interplay with educational and organisational contexts, but also of multilevel interactions and purely situational conditions that can have positive or negative effects. The individual and team reflectivity can be learned and supported through various educational and managerial opportunities, sensitively guided personal and professional experiences and specific patterns of interaction which are reviewed in the book. Reflective supervision in the workplace plays a pivotal role in enabling individual and team reflective processes. However, there are also social and organisational factors that can hinder the development of individual and team reflectivity. The particular value of this publication is that the authors focus on complex research findings from several consecutive studies and critically review and discuss the conditions for reflectivity from various perspectives and with the background of rich academic literature and research. Their research-derived empirical and analytical insights were submitted to managers and educators, and effective and realistic strategies and methods to enhance different levels of reflectivity in students and practitioners were discussed and are summarised in this volume. Among the topics covered: The significance of reflectivity in professional social and health care in relation to changing socio-political contexts Gender aspects of reflectivity in the social and healthcare field Operationalisation of reflectivity for research by personal, team and organisational scales Cultural and communicational patterns of interaction enabling professional reflective processes Enhancing Professionality Through Reflectivity in Social and Health Care is pertinent reading for professors of professional academic training programmes for social workers, nurses, supervisors, trainers in non-formal learning settings, students, and managers of social and health services with an interest in enhancing organisational cultures.

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This book covers methodology of the study for all aspects of human geography. As a comprehensive geography textbook, it consists of detailed research methodology for research in human geography including a few selected case studies in Asia. It explores different approaches, methodological possibilities, and challenges in conducting geographical research in human geography. New digital geographic data sources and GIS applications can help researchers to receive clearer concepts and obtain better measurements of the relevant attributes changes. Furthermore, the book provides an opportunity to critically examine the conceptualization and identification of the field in geographical research and how digital media has not only expanded the scope of what constitutes the field but has redefined the field in itself as well as the practices of observing, knowing, and analyzing the real world. The uniqueness of this book is due to the contribution of several professors and subject experts from South East and East Asia with special particular reference to cases studies from this region of the world.

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This textbook provides a balanced coverage on software design, including design principles, methodologies, and techniques in contexts of designing modules of small and larger sizes with a multi-paradigm viewpoint emphasizing design trade-off. Commonly used design diagrams and patterns are also covered in terms of the design ideas behind and their effective use. The book also explores what (software) design thinking is, the role it plays in a design process, and ways to promote it. Despite object orientation being still the center of attention, there is a strong promotion throughout the book that software design should consider all appropriate design paradigms and methodologies.The book is organized in 10 chapters. Chapter 1 is dedicated to an exploration of what software design may be and entail. Next, chapters 2 and 3 are designed to help readers better understand object orientation, and the essentials of object-oriented design. Chapter 4 is then dedicated to the design of methods, while chapters 5, 6, and 8 respectively include topics about the design of objects, modeling with the Unified Modeling Language, and the use of design patterns. Larger software elements are often directly responsible for the formation of software architecture, thus chapter 7 covers four kinds of larger software elements: libraries, components, frameworks, and microservices, and their architectural implications. Chapter 9 finally brings the presentation of software design to an end with a coverage on software architecture focusing on software architectural views. Case studies are important in learning how to design software, hence chapter 10 then gathers some small design case studies that can be used in earlier chapters as appropriate. These case studies can be extended in different ways to provide additional design opportunities.This textbook book is intended for a junior level undergraduate course on software design, yet the depth of the book makes it also appropriate for a design course at beginning graduate level. Professionals may also find the book useful in their professional development.

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What are life and death? Is it possible to understand their essence and give clear definitions? Countless books and articles have been devoted to trying to answer these intriguing questions. However, there are still no definite and generally accepted answers. The intrigue remains. And meanwhile, human attempts to vanquish death and achieve immortality continue apace.This book is an attempt to answer the eternal questions about life and death by analyzing, synthesizing, and rethinking the known facts that characterize life. The material here should be of particular interest, as it contains many hypotheses, philosophical generalizations, and well informed speculations. What is most important for life - matter, energy, or information? How are individual lives and the phenomenon of life in general related? What serves what – does the genome serve the cell or does the cell serve the genome? What is the value of life and death? Can we become immortal? The inquisitive reader will find original answers to these and other exciting questions in the pages of this stimulating book.

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Philosophy of Race: An Introduction provides plainly written access to a new subfield that has been in the background of philosophy since Plato and Aristotle. The second edition is updated to include contemporary developments such as digital racisms, metaphysical othering and metaphysical racism, and the rise of populist movements. Its focus has also been expanded to address non-white racial groups in the Americas, Europe, and beyond, such as the Roma and Uighur people. Part I provides an overview of ideas of race and ethnicity in the philosophical canon, egalitarian traditions, race in biology, and race in American and Continental Philosophy. Part II addresses race as it operates in life through colonialism and development, social constructions and institutions, racism, political philosophy, gender, and populist movements. This book constructs an outline that will serve as a resource for students, nonspecialists, and general readers in thinking, talking, and writing about philosophy of race.

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This book is addressed to future and enrolled medical students, as well as new graduated doctors, with the main aim to help them getting the grips of what the medical degree is all about and what are the different phases encountered as well as how to survive them. There are various aspects that medical students should be aware of, some “hidden issues” that no one will tell you unless they have passed from the experience themselves. This book will also feature the author’s personal experiences both as a student and a lecturer. This is a unique feature that will enable readers to understand that they are not alone, others have experienced their fears and desires. Readers will be provided with tips on how to survive the course, how to deal with arising issues, and how to balance studying and living a life. This book intends to also highlight the importance of researching during medical school and how to go about it as well as how to prepare CVs and job interviews. An insight into life beyond medical school is also provided. Thanks to the practical and easy-to-use outline – in accordance with various stages from enrolling to preclinical and clinical stages expectations, from targeting work-life balance to conducting research, preparing for a medical job interview and life beyond-, this book will benefit and guide all future medical doctors through their medical school years.

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This book helps nursing students increase the quality of their clinical reasoning and therefore the quality of care. It teaches students to recognize when clinical reasoning is needed, and what reasoning is involved, and to avoid reasoning errors. This is important for nurses, since good quality of their clinical reasoning leads to a good quality of their decisions. Thus, it is directly connected to better nursing care. This volume is based on current knowledge about learning complex cognitive skills. From this knowledge, four sets of standard questions have been formulated that allow students to develop cognitive scripts for reasoning about diagnosis, etiology, prognosis, and interventions. Special attention is payed to diversity-sensitive reasoning in this English edition. From the 4C/ID model, a scientific educational whole task model for learning and developing and complex cognitive skills, complexity levels, learning tasks and subtask exercises are included. Learning clinical reasoning is supported with case videos and flash lectures, among other things. It consists of three parts: the first part, on clinical reasoning, is written for first- and second-year bachelor students in nursing. Part two, on evidence-based practice (EBP), is also suitable for later years. It teaches students to read and critically appraise scientific articles, and to assess whether they can be used in their own practice. Part three contains more in-depth information, extra explanations, examples, and material that teachers can use in a flexible way. This book is illustrated with videos.The translation from Dutch to English was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). The authors have subsequently revised the text further in an endeavour to refine the work stylistically.

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This exciting, first-of-its-kind title describes the blossoming new science of medicine and management—the concepts, methodologies, techniques, and tools that create value for patients, populations, caregivers, staff, and healthcare organizations. Developed out of the innovative and powerful physician executive MBA program at the Heller School of Social Policy and Management at Brandeis University, The New Science of Medicine & Management describes what physician leaders need to know and do to fix problems that can erode value in complex healthcare environments in which they practice medicine. The book is motivated by a singular proposition—Every Physician a Leader; Every Leader a Collaborative Team Player and a new definition of high-value health care. Composed of the best 18 of approximately 200 outstanding physician-led business school projects, the book is based on the collective efforts and experiences of 33 authors and coauthors, 28 of whom are physicians and 19 of whom have an MD and an MBA degree. The work is grounded in three important assertions: First, the clinical side of complex professional medical organizations such as hospitals has traditionally been led by highly skilled, highly experienced medical practitioners trained in the underlying biomedical disciplines and applied medical sciences. Second, there is research evidence that managers with clinical backgrounds can run better healthcare organizations, and a growing number of physician-led multispecialty groups are outperforming organizations run by lay managers. Third, physicians and other caregivers should have some training in the new science of medicine and management; moreover, and very importantly, the transition from clinician to clinical manager and leader is challenging and requires training in the new science of medicine and management. State of the art, developed by expert physician leaders in the field, and replete with a wide range of management insights and lessons, this book asks important questions and offers an exciting and comprehensive resource for all physicians, health administrators, and clinicians interested in not only the science of medicine and management and in developing physician-led teams but, crucially, in ensuring value in healthcare by improving patient outcomes, safety, affordability, and employee well-being.

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The Parthenon marbles case is the most famous international cultural heritage dispute concerning repatriation of looted antiquities, the Parthenon marbles in the British Museum’s ‘Elgin Collection’. The case has polarised observers ever since Elgin had the marbles hacked out of the ancient temple at the turn of the 19th century in Ottoman-occupied Athens. In 1816, a debt-stricken Elgin sold the marbles to the British government, which subsequently entrusted them to the British Museum, where they have remained since then.Much ink has been spilled on the Parthenon marbles. The ethical and cultural merits of their repatriation have been fiercely debated for years. But what has generally not been considered are the legal merits of their return in light of contemporary international law. This book is the first in legal scholarship to provide an international law perspective of the cause célèbre of international cultural heritage disputes and, in doing so, to clarify the new customary international law on the return of cultural property unlawfully removed from its original context.The book, which includes a foreword by Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, is a unique reference work on the legal case for the return of the Parthenon marbles and the new normative framework for the protection of cultural heritage.

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In 2017, over 200 million Americans witnessed the spectacular total eclipse of the Sun, and the 2024 eclipse is expected to draw even larger crowds. In anticipation of this upcoming event, this book takes us back in history over 150 years, telling the story of the nation’s first ever eclipse chasers.Our tale follows the chaotic journeys of scientists and amateur astronomers as they trekked across the western United States to view the rare phenomenon of a total solar eclipse. The fascinating story centers on the expeditions of the 1869 total eclipse, which took place during the turbulent age of the chimerical Planet Vulcan and Civil War Reconstruction. The protagonists—a motley crew featuring astronomical giants like Simon Newcomb and pioneering female astronomers like Maria Mitchell—were met with unanticipated dangers, mission-threatening accidents, and eccentric characters only the West could produce. Theirs is a story of astronomical proportions. Along the way, we will make several stops across the booming US railroad network, traveling from viewing sites as familiar as Des Moines, Iowa, to ones as distant and strange as newly acquired Alaska.From equipment failures and botched preparations to quicksand and apocalyptic ‘comets’, welcome to the wild, western world of solar eclipses.

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This book is designed to help instructors effectively incorporate images and other aspects of material culture into their pedagogy in an engaging and relatable manner. The author draws on her personal experiences as an art historian of ancient art who instructs a wide variety of undergraduates. In addition to helping students to look and think critically, the book explores how the material culture of the past can be a potent tool in motivating student involvement with course content and sharpening skills vital for navigating contemporary culture.

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This open access book brings into dialogue emerging and seasoned migration and religion scholars with spiritual leaders and representatives of faith-based organizations assisting refugees. Violent conflicts, social unrest, and other humanitarian crises around the world have led to growing numbers of people seeking refuge both in the North and in the South. Migrating and seeking refuge have always been part and parcel of spiritual development. However, the current 'refugee crisis' in Europe and elsewhere in the world has brought to the fore fervent discussions regarding the role of religion in defining difference, linking the ‘refugee crisis’ with Islam, and fear of the ‘Other.’ Many religious institutions, spiritual leaders, and politicians invoke religious values and call for strict border controls to resolve the ‘refugee crisis.’ However, equally many humanitarian organizations and refugee advocates use religious values to inform their call to action to welcome refugees and migrants, provide them with assistance, and facilitate integration processes. This book includes three distinct but inter-related parts focusing, respectively, on politics, values, and discourses mobilized by religious beliefs; lived experiences of religion, with a particular emphasis on identity and belonging among various refugee groups; and faith and faith actors and their responses to forced migration.

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This book enables readers to understand, model, and predict complex dynamical systems using new methods with stochastic tools. The author presents a unique combination of qualitative and quantitative modeling skills, novel efficient computational methods, rigorous mathematical theory, as well as physical intuitions and thinking. An emphasis is placed on the balance between computational efficiency and modeling accuracy, providing readers with ideas to build useful models in practice. Successful modeling of complex systems requires a comprehensive use of qualitative and quantitative modeling approaches, novel efficient computational methods, physical intuitions and thinking, as well as rigorous mathematical theories. As such, mathematical tools for understanding, modeling, and predicting complex dynamical systems using various suitable stochastic tools are presented. Both theoretical and numerical approaches are included, allowing readers to choose suitable methods in different practical situations. The author provides practical examples and motivations when introducing various mathematical and stochastic tools and merges mathematics, statistics, information theory, computational science, and data science. In addition, the author discusses how to choose and apply suitable mathematical tools to several disciplines including pure and applied mathematics, physics, engineering, neural science, material science, climate and atmosphere, ocean science, and many others. Readers will not only learn detailed techniques for stochastic modeling and prediction, but will develop their intuition as well. Important topics in modeling and prediction including extreme events, high-dimensional systems, and multiscale features are discussed.

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This book provides a breadth of innovative and impactful research in the field of telecommunications led by women investigators. Topics covered include satellite communications, cognitive radars, remote sensing sensor networks, quantum Internet, and cyberspace. These topics touch on many of the challenges facing the world today and these solutions by women researchers are valuable for their technical excellence and their non-traditional perspective. As an important part of the Women in Engineering and Science book series, the work highlights the contribution of women leaders in telecommunications, inspiring women and men, girls and boys to enter and apply themselves to secure our future in.

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This book analyses the conflict over the release of transgenic soybean in Brazil based on a narrative analysis of political conflict. At the end of the 1990s, the commercial release of Roundup Ready (RR) soybean triggered a heated debate over the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in Brazilian agriculture, which developed into an open political conflict opposing pro- and anti-GMOs groups in Brazilian society. This volume examines some of the structuring axes of this conflict by applying a narrative analysis of political conflict. In this approach, politics is perceived as a process of interpretive conflict in which participants in the political game seek to establish the lines that delimit the very definition of public issues under debate. The issue of GMOs is understood, from this perspective, as a public controversy whose dynamics are shaped by the discourses that emerge from the dispute itself. To analyze these controversies, the book focuses on three axes of narrative analyses: the conflict over distributives issues associated with the commercial release of RR soy; the conflict over scientific uncertainty associated with the environmental risks of GMOs; and the conflict over labeling policies. Transgenics in Dispute: Political Conflicts in the Commercial Liberation of GMOs in Brazil will be of interest to both social and environmental scientists concerned with the risks produced by the newest technologies that mediate our relationship with the environment and with the public debate that their use tends to provoke.This book is a translation of the original Portuguese edition “Transgênicos em disputa: Os conflitos políticos na liberação comercial dos OGMs no Brasil” by Cristiano Luis Lenzi, published in Brazil by Appris Editora in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). The author has subsequently revised the text further in an endeavour to refine the work stylistically. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.

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This handbook is an up-to-date, evidence based quick, easy reference guide for expert regional anesthesia providers. It will also be an invaluable tool and a great entry point for amateurs' sonographers who wish to understand the basics of ultrasound, its uses for diagnosis and treatment, current guidelines and standards of care. It presents in details challenges, stratification of risks, techniques, and approaches to facilitate effective ultrasound use in perioperative pain control and emergency room pain management. This uses an outline, schematic approach for easy understanding and retention. The applications of ultrasound are vast and cover the full spectrum of ultrasound guided regional anesthesia. This book concentrates and encompasses the most clinically relevant information as a first aid use of perioperative ultrasound. The chapters are concise, focusing on clinical presentations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis which will help you to deliver patient care in a timely and skillful manner. This compact book is packed with relevant, remarkable information related to ultrasound guided techniques and evidence-based protocols and latest guidelines for regional anesthesia, nerve blocks, and opioid-reducing analgesia to promote early recovery after surgery. Concise, practical, and clinically applicable for various specialties, this book fills the unmet need for understanding the usefulness and techniques of ultrasound and its application in perioperative pain management, in particular regional anesthesia and nerve blocks. This handbook enables every physician, nurse, resident and all medical staff to understand the essentials of ultrasound and regional anesthesia, its evolving techniques, and the use of modern equipment to provide patient care safely.

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This open access book offers critical, multidisciplinary analyses on graduate employability. The book examines employability at the macro, meso and micro levels: higher education policy, the labour market, higher education institutions, organisations, individuals and social groups, in European, North American and Australian contexts. The contributors provide social and contextual analysis of graduate employability as a theoretical concept, a discourse and policy imperative and a social and discursive practice. The volume also introduces novel methodological perspectives to study the process of graduate employability. There is an urgent need for comprehensive and unified critical perspectives on graduate employability, as such analyses have so far been scarce and often isolated. Besides filling this gap in the literature, the book will also serve as essential reading on courses that focus on graduate careers and employability as well as higher education policy and practice.

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This textbook for courses in Embedded Systems introduces students to necessary concepts, through a hands-on approach. LEARN BY EXAMPLE – This book is designed to teach the material the way it is learned, through example. Every concept is supported by numerous programming examples that provide the reader with a step-by-step explanation for how and why the computer is doing what it is doing. LEARN BY DOING – This book targets the Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller. This platform is a widely popular, low-cost embedded system that is used to illustrate each concept in the book. The book is designed for a reader that is at their computer with an MSP430FR2355 LaunchPadTM Development Kit plugged in so that each example can be coded and run as they learn. LEARN BOTH ASSEMBLY AND C – The book teaches the basic operation of an embedded computer using assembly language so that the computer operation can be explored at a low-level. Once more complicated systems are introduced (i.e., timers, analog-to-digital converters, and serial interfaces), the book moves into the C programming language. Moving to C allows the learner to abstract the operation of the lower-level hardware and focus on understanding how to “make things work”. BASED ON SOUND PEDAGOGY - This book is designed with learning outcomes and assessment at its core. Each section addresses a specific learning outcome that the student should be able to “do” after its completion. The concept checks and exercise problems provide a rich set of assessment tools to measure student performance on each outcome.

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In 2016 the first edition of the SAGES Manual Operating through the Endoscope was published. At the time, this represented a review of cutting-edge new technologies that were being introduced within the field of flexible endoscopy. Largely based on applications and data up to 2013, this served as a unique resource for clinicians and researchers to learn about this expanding field. Since then, there has been a significant expansion of new technologies and procedures within this discipline that have meaningfully changed this entire sub-specialty. In addition, large numbers of high-quality data have emerged that support more heartily the safety and efficacy of these techniques. Major international societies now routinely include hands-on training and scientific content of this field in meetings and educational efforts, and many trainees and practitioners are looking for resources to improve their knowledge and technical skills sets. For these reasons, an update on this rapidly advancing field seems appropriate at this time, given the enormous amount of new content available. Endoscopic surgical procedures allow for less invasive access for performing increasingly complex procedures. This results in maximal benefit for patients with fewer complications, faster recovery, and less pain. Endoscopy allows access to the gastrointestinal tract without transgressing the abdominal or chest walls, by means of a truly less invasive route. These technologies and skills are being sought out by practitioners and asked for by patients.The proposed textbook is designed to present a comprehensive and state-of the-art approach to the diverse applications of surgical techniques and procedures through the endoscopic platform. Written by experts and emerging specialists in that field, each of these sections will address patient selection, pre-operative considerations, technical conduct of the most common operations, and avoiding complications. A review of the existing literature addressing the particular topic will follow in each section. Extensive endoscopic images and illustrations will make this an interactive text. In addition to updates on most topics in the previous manual, this edition will include exciting new fields of advanced imaging, artificial intelligence and augmented imaging, applications of robotics to endoscopy, and more robust exposure of endoscopic applications for treatment of obesity, a worldwide epidemic.The subject of surgical endoscopy has changed meaningfully since publication of the first edition; now a substantial focus of major journals, scientific meetings, and online platforms. A timely update can capture this broad subject in an accessible manual focused on technologies and data supporting these interventions.

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This book is a comprehensive curation, exposition and illustrative discussion of recent research tools for interpretability of deep learning models, with a focus on neural network architectures. In addition, it includes several case studies from application-oriented articles in the fields of computer vision, optics and machine learning related topic. The book can be used as a monograph on interpretability in deep learning covering the most recent topics as well as a textbook for graduate students. Scientists with research, development and application responsibilities benefit from its systematic exposition.

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This book builds on the current trends in informal caregivers’ role in the supportive care of cancer patients (as well as other diseases) across the care continuum covering topics from the healthcare professionals and the users’ perspectives. Informal caregivers are a critical resource to their care recipients and an essential component of the health care system. The book introduces a comprehensive view of the topic and acknowledges the importance and the complexity of caregiving. Here lays one of the uniqueness of this book, which highlights the areas and the ways that for example interventions in specific settings/groups of patients can actually facilitate the caregiving process. The increasing number of care-dependent people, the adoption of the principle “outpatient before inpatient”, the shift of care from inpatient to outpatient and the preference for home care (i.e. majority) are only some of the reasons that contributed to Informal caregiving becoming a central feature of the health care landscape and will become even more prominent in the decades ahead. The book draws on the experts’ high-end, current systematic research evidence and real-life examples on these topics to provide an insightful perspective on undertaking research within this context, and to demonstrate informal caregivers’ impact on patients’ outcomes. The structure of the book provides multiple perspectives to the topic and makes it appealing to a wide range of recipients including the nursing community, clinicians, social workers, researchers, policy makers, technology experts as well as postgraduate students especially to those practicing specifically in supportive care in cancer. The book fills a gap in this field of expertise not only by familiarizing the reader with a wide range of topics to be considered but it also emphasizes on what the developments in the field in the future would need to take into consideration. Finally, current and future studies can be informed from the practices of preceding studies that are incorporated in the book.

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This book is one-of-a-kind comprehensive Radiosurgery Case Review Atlas that includes not only cranial and spinal cases, but also structural and functional radiosurgery ones. It categorizes the various radiosurgery-treated pathologies, presenting illustrative case reviews for each category. Each case includes a clinical summary, a treatment protocol, a radiosurgery dosimetry summary, the pre-radiosurgery images and the serial, short-term and long-term, follow up images illustrating the clinical and radiologic outcomes of the radiosurgery treatment. Offering the readers a handy step-by-step practical guide to perform safe and effective radiosurgery treatment, this will be a useful toolkit for neurosurgeons, radiation neuro-oncologists and radiation physicists (Radiosurgeons) conducting radiosurgery programs or involved in radiosurgery training.

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This book critiques dominant discourses and debates pertaining to values education, cultural identity and teaching democracy, set against the backdrop of growing social stratification and unequal access to quality education. It addresses discourses concerning globalisation, ideologies and the state, as well as approaches to values education and teaching democracy in schools. The book explores the ambivalent and problematic connections between the state, globalisation, values education and teaching democracy. It also explores conceptual frameworks and methodological approaches applicable to research on values education, multiculturalism and identity politics. Drawing on diverse paradigms, ranging from critical theory to globalisation, and by focusing on globalisation, ideology and values education, the book critically examines research dealing with cultural diversity and its impact of identity politics. Given the need for a multiple perspective approach, the authors have diverse backgrounds and hail from different countries and regions, offer a wealth of insights, contributing to a more holistic understanding of the nexus between values education, multiculturalism and national identity. With contributions from key scholars worldwide, the book should be required reading for a broad spectrum of users, including policy-makers, academics, graduate students, education policy researchers, administrators and practitioners.

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This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Model-Based Safety and Assessment, IMBSA 2022, held in Munich, Germany, in September 2022. The 15 revised full papers and 3 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 initial submissions. The papers focus on model-based and automated ways of assessing safety and other attributes of dependability of complex systems. They are organized in topical sections on safety analysis automation, MBSA practices, causal models and failure modeling strategies, designing mitigations of faults and attacks, data based safety analysis, dynamic risk assessment.

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This book focus on COVID-19 topics, with emphasis on metabolomics and diagnosis. The chapters cover the chemical science for prevention and understanding outbreaks of infectious diseases. This book compiles the most widespread methodologies of application of quality statistical tools added to the evaluation of diagnostic tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2, metabolic behavior of COVID infection severity, and trends in rapid test for COVID-19.

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This instructional guide has one aim: to teach inexperienced astrophotographers how to take high quality images. Often, basic information about astrophotography is lacking, or is dealt with too briefly in books on the subject. This book is a distillation of the author’s own experiences, bringing together everything you will need to make the fastest possible progress in deep-sky imaging. The book will teach you how to set up and use your astrophotography equipment in a systematic, easy-to-follow manner, helping you get started while avoiding common mistakes. With a step-by-step walk-through course and a unique observational guide to each object, the book contains a plethora of valuable, beginner-friendly information. Particularly useful is the chapter on troubleshooting, which will help newcomers avoid further frustration when things just don’t seem to go right! The book also contains a number of easy to advanced DIY projects for imagers working on a budget.

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Jürgen Tautz, renowned German bee researcher explains how bees communicate. Exciting and surprising new insights on communication between bees. During the history of bee research, scientists have peered deep into the inner life of bee colonies and learned much about the behaviour of these insects. Above all, the bee waggle dance has become a famous and extensively discussed phenomenon. Nevertheless, recent insights reveal that while bees are social insects inside the hive they also communicate with one another outside the hive. In this book, Jürgen Tautz, renowned German bee researcher, provides an entertaining, fresh and enlightened account for lay and professional readers, not only about the fascinating dance language but also about additional remarkable phenomena concerning information exchange between bees. From the author of the bestseller “The Buzz about Bees”. “The Language of Bees” assembles, for the first time, a complete overview of how bees understand one another. Although communication biology research on bees has so far concentrated largely on events within the hive, this book directs attention as well, to how bees communicate in the field outside the hive. The reader learns which steps new bee recruits take to reach the feeder a dancing forager has advertised. The book analyses the status of work on the bee dance published over the last 100 years and orders the essential findings as building blocks into a coherent new concept of how bees find their target. In addition, the historical survey of research on the “Bee Language” explains how several contradictory and incomplete hypotheses can still survive. A fresh point of view on one of the most remarkable behavioural performances in the animal kingdom. Observation from a different viewpoint leads to previously unknown insights. Such new perspectives clearly reveal both how large the gaps in our knowledge still are in relation to the language of bees and in which direction research must take to complete the picture of one of the most impressive behavioural accomplishments in animals. Prof. Dr. Jürgen Tautz is an expert on bees, sociobiologist, animal behaviourist and emeritus professor at the Biozentrum, University of Würzburg. He is a bestseller author and recipient of many awards of excellence for his successful communication of science to a wide public.

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The third edition of this handbook addresses not only the concept of resilience in children who overcome adversity, but it also explores the development of children not considered at risk addressing recent challenges as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The new edition reviews the scientific literature that supports findings that stress-hardiness and resilience in all children leads to happier and healthier lives as well as improved functionality across the lifespan. In this edition, expert contributors examine resilience in relation to environmental stressors as phenomena in child and adolescent disorders and as a means toward positive adaptation into adulthood. The significantly expanded third edition includes new and significantly revised chapters that explore strategies for developing resilience in families, clinical practice, and educational settings as well as its nurturance in caregivers and teachers. Key areas of coverage include: Exploration of the four waves of resilience research. Resilience in gene-environment transactions. Resilience in boys and girls. Resilience in family processes. Asset building as an essential component of intervention. Assessment of social and emotional competencies related to resilience. Building resilience through school bullying prevention. Resilience in positive youth development. Enhancing resilience through effective thinking. The Handbook of Resilience in Children, Third Edition, is an essential reference for researchers, clinicians and allied practitioners, and graduate students across such interrelated disciplines as child and school psychology, social work, public health as well as developmental psychology, special and general education, child and adolescent psychiatry, family studies, and pediatrics.

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This book covers some of the fundamental topics in fluid power technology, presenting detailed derivations of formulas that form the basis of the theory. It shows the reader how to properly (i) design basic fluid power systems, (ii) construct lumped parameter models of simple fluid power systems, (iii) perform frequency analysis of fluid power components and systems, and (iv) develop controllers for fluid power systems. The book mainly focusses on mathematical modelling and analysis of fluid power components and systems i.e. practical issues such as working principles and construction of components are not covered in depth. The text is organized in four main parts: I Physics of Fluid, II Fluid Power Components, III Fluid Power Systems and IV Learning by Doing.

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This contributed volume explores theories of media and communication and focuses on providing African perspectives on global conversations. Using broad cases relating to media and communication theories, this book explores socio-cultural issues affecting most modern African societies, providing a conceptual and empirical framework for explicating the potential place of media techniques and structures in Africa. As a good template for understanding and applying communication theories and approaches in the African context, the volume is a priceless asset for Media and Communication scholars.

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Businesses constantly look for ways to achieve better performance, and business schools play an important role through their curricula by teaching such methods and helping budding and experienced managers find innovative paths. The author of this book, Prof. Peter Lorange, a well-accomplished expert at business and academic leadership, draws on a set of reflections from his vast experience in both fields to offer core messages which help in improving business education. The author believes that experience-based reflections tend to be both more interesting and more useful than mere chronological, biographical ones, or conceptual reviews of management dimensions without links to practice. The book helps academics, business school management, and even advanced students understand how to bring a practical focus to learning and teaching business via a holistic curriculum. The book also features a special focus on how to integrate family business perspectives to the curriculum.

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This book describes the neurology of a business as a new dimension of organization and as a basis for success in a complex world. Comparing organizations with living organisms, it places an organization’s neurology (control and communication) as a third dimension beside its anatomy (structure) and physiology (process). Overlooked by classical organizational theory, this third dimension offsets its typical drawbacks. The Neurology of Business introduces Stafford Beer’s Viable System Model (VSM) and shows how this helps managers to diagnose, discover, and unleash the potential and performance lying dormant in today’s enterprises.The book is based on numerous consulting projects and management seminars conducted in Europe, America, and Asia. It guides the reader through the diagnosis and design process and illustrates application issues with practical examples. In this way, the book provides managers with the language needed to have meaningful conversations about how their organizations are functioning. As such, it will benefit managers in business and nonbusiness organizations, as well as readers interested in general management.

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This open access book demonstrates all the steps required to design heuristic algorithms for difficult optimization. The classic problem of the travelling salesman is used as a common thread to illustrate all the techniques discussed. This problem is ideal for introducing readers to the subject because it is very intuitive and its solutions can be graphically represented. The book features a wealth of illustrations that allow the concepts to be understood at a glance. The book approaches the main metaheuristics from a new angle, deconstructing them into a few key concepts presented in separate chapters: construction, improvement, decomposition, randomization and learning methods. Each metaheuristic can then be presented in simplified form as a combination of these concepts. This approach avoids giving the impression that metaheuristics is a non-formal discipline, a kind of cloud sculpture. Moreover, it provides concrete applications of the travelling salesman problem, which illustrate in just a few lines of code how to design a new heuristic and remove all ambiguities left by a general framework. Two chapters reviewing the basics of combinatorial optimization and complexity theory make the book self-contained. As such, even readers with a very limited background in the field will be able to follow all the content.

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Medial Afterlives of H.P. Lovecraft brings together essays on the theory and practice of adapting H.P. Lovecraft’s fiction and the Lovecraftian. It draws on recent adaptation theory as well as broader discourses around media affordances to give an overview over the presence of Lovecraft in contemporary media as well as the importance of contemporary media in shaping what we take Lovecraft’s legacy to be. Discussing a wide array of medial forms, from film and TV to comics, podcasts, and video and board games, and bringing together an international group of scholars, the volume analyzes individual instances of adaptation as well as the larger concern of what it is possible to learn about adaptation from the example of H.P. Lovecraft, and how we construct Lovecraft and the Lovecraftian today in adaptation. Medial Afterlives of H.P. Lovecraft is focused on an academic audience, but it will nonetheless hold interest for all readers interested in Lovecraft today.

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This book presents some of the leading technical, professional, and political challenges associated with the development and implementation of teacher evaluation systems, along with characterizing some of these systems in different countries around the world. The book promotes a broader comprehension of the complexities associated with this kind of initiatives, which have gained relevance in the last two decades, especially in the context of policies aimed at improving the quality of education. The first section of the book includes conceptual chapters that will detail some of the central debates around teacher evaluation, such as a) performance evaluation versus teaching effectiveness; b) tensions between formative and summative uses of evaluation; c) relationship between evaluation and teacher professionalization; and d) political tensions around teacher evaluation. In the second section, the book addresses specific examples of national or state-wide initiatives in the field of teacher evaluation. For this section, the authors have invited contributions that reflect experiences in North America, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and Latin America. In each chapter, a teacher evaluation system is presented, including their main results and validity evidence, as well as the main challenges associated with its design and implementation. This wide-ranging presentation of teacher evaluation systems around the world is a valuable reference to understand the diverse challenges for the implementation of teacher evaluation programs. The presence of conceptual chapters with others that illustrate how teacher evaluation has been implemented in different contexts gives the reader a comprehensive view of the complex nature of teacher evaluation, considering their technical and political underpinnings. It is a valuable source for anyone interested in the design, improvement, and implementation of teacher evaluation systems.

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The block diagrams as engineering means for closed loop control, which have been established by classic control theory for decades, are replaced in the above mentioned book by networks, the signals are replaced by data. It corresponds to the „Industry 4.0“ and to the structure of today’s automatic control systems. Thereby a classic closed loop is treated not isolated from other elements of nowadays automation like bus communication and process logical control, and is completed in proposed book with new control elements, so called data stream managers (DSM). The proposed book treats the control theory systematically like it is done in classical books considering the new concept of data management. The theory is accompanied in the book with examples, exercises with solutions and MATLAB®-simulations.

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This book offers a new perspective on international law, which was, for centuries, male-dominant and gender-blind. However, this gender blindness has led to many injustices, the failure to recognize certain rights, and to impunity for serious crimes. The book examines the development of gender perspectives in various branches of international law, while also discussing and explaining certain universal standards. However, particular attention is paid to the European human rights system. Accordingly, the book provides detailed explanations of the EU’s external policies in relation to sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Also, there is a special focus on the relevant jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to gender and sexual orientation, female reproduction, and sexuality. The authors explain not only the importance of an adequate legal framework for combating gender inequality but also the detrimental effects of deeply rooted gender stereotypes and prejudices. Subsequently, the development of particular branches is presented, such as a gender-sensitive approach to the prevention of war crimes, gender perspectives in refugee law, and the evolution of gender-sensitive environmental law. In addition, the problematic situation of discrimination in the workplace is addressed from various perspectives. Many discussions, especially among EU member states, are reserved for the issue of women’s participation in managerial boards, while the growing awareness of gender equality in international trade agreements represents another interesting topic. Lastly, the book offers a historical perspective on the development of international law in the interwar period, with a particular focus on the situation in Yugoslavia. The book critically reconsiders the dominant molds of legal knowledge and presents innovative gender-sensitive and gender-competent insights on a variety of issues in international law, in order to introduce readers to new research topics relevant to gender equality and to stimulate the development of an international legal and institutional framework for achieving greater gender equality in practice. The collection of essays presented here will be of interest to all those working in the field of international law, as well as students and academics looking to broaden and deepen their research on a range of issues in international law from gender perspectives.

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This textbook introduces the study of partial differential equations using both analytical and numerical methods. By intertwining the two complementary approaches, the authors create an ideal foundation for further study. Motivating examples from the physical sciences, engineering, and economics complete this integrated approach. A showcase of models begins the book, demonstrating how PDEs arise in practical problems that involve heat, vibration, fluid flow, and financial markets. Several important characterizing properties are used to classify mathematical similarities, then elementary methods are used to solve examples of hyperbolic, elliptic, and parabolic equations. From here, an accessible introduction to Hilbert spaces and the spectral theorem lay the foundation for advanced methods. Sobolev spaces are presented first in dimension one, before being extended to arbitrary dimension for the study of elliptic equations. An extensive chapter on numerical methods focuses on finite difference and finite element methods. Computer-aided calculation with Maple™ completes the book. Throughout, three fundamental examples are studied with different tools: Poisson’s equation, the heat equation, and the wave equation on Euclidean domains. The Black–Scholes equation from mathematical finance is one of several opportunities for extension. Partial Differential Equations offers an innovative introduction for students new to the area. Analytical and numerical tools combine with modeling to form a versatile toolbox for further study in pure or applied mathematics. Illuminating illustrations and engaging exercises accompany the text throughout. Courses in real analysis and linear algebra at the upper-undergraduate level are assumed.

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Historically, communication was described as a secondary, or ‘soft skill’ for surgeons. Now, astute communication, both with patients and with colleagues, forms a fundamental element of holistic surgical practice and comprises a core component of the ‘Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons’ that are increasingly recognised in modern surgical practice. Good communication is required during each patient interaction: history taking, explanation, consent, breaking bad news, and managing difficult encounters such as the demanding or angry patient. Good communication with patients improves patient trust, compliance and overall satisfaction, reduces complaints and malpractice claims. High quality communication is also fundamental when interacting with colleagues: in theatre, on the ward, whilst making referrals and organising special tests. In the busy schedules of medical professionals, such communication must be succinct and relevant. Team structures must empower all members to speak up, so as to prevent harm being done. Suboptimal communication is a root cause for the majority of serious adverse events. Furthermore, good communication reduces job stress and enhances satisfaction for the surgeon. Good communication is not an inborn behaviour; it is a learned skill that is based on key principles. Studies have clearly demonstrated that education in communication improves patient outcomes and satisfaction. Several frameworks have been described, to facilitate good communication in certain scenarios: SPIKES for breaking bad news, SBAR for handover, surgical briefs and de-briefs, to name a few. This textbook will be aimed towards medical students, surgical trainees and surgical consultants internationally. It is relevant to every-day practice, examinations and OSCEs, such as medical finals, MRCS, FRCS and international equivalents, and interviews where role play is often featured.

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This book is a concise introduction to the field of interventional radiology (IR), designed to help medical students and residents understand the fundamental concepts related to image-guided interventional procedures and determine the appropriate use of imaging modalities in the treatment of various disorders. It covers the history of interventional radiology; radiation safety; equipment; medications; and techniques such as biopsy and drainage, vascular access, embolization, and tumor ablation. The book also describes the indications, patient preparation, post-procedure care, and complications for the most common interventional radiology procedures. This second edition is fully updated throughout with the latest guidelines and recommendations. Specific updates include: the role of IR outpatient clinics and patient-centered care, prostatic artery embolization, Y90 embolization, embolization for joint disease, the role artificial intelligence plays in IR, and a new chapter on structured reporting in IR. Designed for students and trainees, chapters include key points or “tips and tricks” and review questions. This is an ideal guide for medical students and trainees interested in pursuing interventional radiology.

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The use of difference matrices and high-level MATLAB® commands to implement finite difference algorithms is pedagogically novel. This unique and concise textbook gives the reader easy access and a general ability to use first and second difference matrices to set up and solve linear and nonlinear systems in MATLAB which approximate ordinary and partial differential equations. Prerequisites include a knowledge of basic calculus, linear algebra, and ordinary differential equations. Some knowledge of partial differential equations is a plus though the text may easily serve as a supplement for the student currently working through an introductory PDEs course. Familiarity with MATLAB is not required though a little prior experience with programming would be helpful. In addition to its special focus on solving in MATLAB, the abundance of examples and exercises make this text versatile in use. It would serve well in a graduate course in introductory scientific computing for partial differential equations. With prerequisites mentioned above plus some elementary numerical analysis, most of the material can be covered and many of the exercises assigned in a single semester course. Some of the more challenging exercises make substantial projects and relate to topics from other typical graduate mathematics courses, e.g., linear algebra, differential equations, or topics in nonlinear functional analysis. A selection of the exercises may be assigned as projects throughout the semester. The student will develop the skills to run simulations corresponding to the primarily theoretical course material covered by the instructor. The book can serve as a supplement for the instructor teaching any course in differential equations. Many of the examples can be easily implemented and the resulting simulation demonstrated by the instructor. If the course has a numerical component, a few of the more difficult exercises may be assigned as student projects. Established researchers in theoretical partial differential equations may find this book useful as well, particularly as an introductory guide for their research students. Those unfamiliar with MATLAB can use the material as a reference to quickly develop their own applications in that language. Practical assistance in implementing algorithms in MATLAB can be found in these pages. A mathematician who is new to the practical implementation of methods for scientific computation in general can learn how to implement and execute numerical simulations of differential equations in MATLAB with relative ease by working through a selection of exercises. Additionally, the book can serve as a practical guide in independent study, undergraduate or graduate research experiences, or for reference in simulating solutions to specific thesis or dissertation-related experiments.

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This Fourth Edition of a pioneering book provides a critical analysis of the origins and evolution of political and policy debates regarding race and racism in British society. Drawing on a broad range of both theoretical and historical research, the focus of the book is on the development of policies and debates in the period from the second half of the 20th Century to the present. The book is organized into twelve chapters which provide an overview of key trends, situating the development of policies and developments in relation to immigration and citizenship, race relations policies and broader agendas about multiculturalism and living with difference. In the substantive chapters of the book there is also a detailed discussion of such issues as policing, urban unrest and protest, racist politics, black and ethnic minority politics and conversations about multiculturalism. This new edition engages with both the historical background as well as contemporary developments to provide a novel and wide-ranging account of the role that questions about race and racism play in British society.

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This open access book will provide an introduction to forest entomology, the principles and techniques of forest insect pest management, the different forest insect guilds/feeding groups, and relevant forest insect pest management case studies. In addition to covering 30% of the earth, forest ecosystems provide numerous timber and non-timber products that affect our daily lives and recreational opportunities, habitat for diverse animal communities, watershed protection, play critical roles in the water cycle, and mitigate soil erosion and global warming. In addition to being the most abundant organisms in forest ecosystems, insects perform numerous functions in forests, many of which are beneficial and critical to forest health. Conversely, some insects damage and/or kill trees and reduce the capacity of forests to provide desired ecosystem services. The target audience of this book is upper-level undergraduate and graduate students and professionals interested in forest health and entomology.

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