Search results for ""emerald publishing limited""

This volume honors the lifetime and continuing contributions of Professor Jacques Silber. The book contains 15 papers, which were presented at the Fourth Meeting of the Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, Catania, Sicily, July 2011. Theoretical topics covered in Volume 20 include measuring segregation, welfare and liberty, the use of influence functions in distributional analysis, and the axiomatic approach to multidimensional inequality. Empirical studies include occupational and residential segregation, regional convergence, impact of variable of equivalence scales on income inequality, earnings and educational inequality and mobility, poverty transitions, and welfare reform. These empirical studies examine a variety of countries and cultures: Afro-Latinos, Italian immigrants, and Indian states as well as the European Union and the United States.

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Assessment and outcomes evaluation have become increasingly important in librarianship. Although initially used in educational contexts to measure student learning, the strategy has migrated to other contexts such as hiring, employee development, overall organizational and institutional successes, measuring the outcomes of projects and operational changes, and self assessment at the personal level. This growing emphasis is partly due to increasingly stringent requirements that funds are used effectively to improve services and operations. The current economic climate and retrenchments in non-profit agencies, have raised the need for assessment and outcomes evaluation to a critical level. 'Contexts for Assessment and Outcome Evaluation in Librarianship' focuses not on the how of undertaking assessment and outcomes evaluation, but rather on their successes and failures in various contexts in which these tools have been and will be used.

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While it was evident to the classics of social theory that modern societies are highly dynamic forms of social organization, and that this dynamic nature must be reflected explicitly and confronted directly in modes of analysis across the social sciences, over the course of the twentieth century, the acknowledgement of this fact has been weakening. As the social sciences became increasingly concerned with issues of professionalization and standards of validity inspired by more established disciplines, especially the natural sciences and economics, the focus on dynamic processes gave way to efforts to illuminate structural (i.e., static) features of modern social life. In recent decades, however, this preoccupation with structure has begun to give way to more process-oriented research orientations. In part, this renewed interest in dynamics rather than statics is reflective of the growing influence of Continental European traditions, especially in Germany and France. In this follow-up volume to "Theorizing the Dynamics of Social Processes (vol. 27)", the emphasis is placed on recent trends in Continental European social theory, and on the importance of political analyses to theorizing modern societies.

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In times of economic turbulence, an organization's ability to learn from its environment and adopt innovations enhances its competitive advantage as well its ability to improve its performance. This book focuses specifically on the contribution learning and innovation in management accounting can contribute to the success of the organization. However, all management accounting innovations may not be successful. The success of an innovation is contingent upon whether the learning and implementation processes have been properly integrated. When they are not, an innovation that has been successful in one organization may fail in another. An integrative framework is developed for studying management accounting process innovations. The framework draws on theories from organizational sociology. It focuses on the impact of the innovation on the organization along two important dimensions. First, to what degree does the innovation alter the organization's management accounting system (labeled as extent)? Second, what portion of the organization is affected by the change (labeled as scope)? We classified these dimensions on a continuum ranging from high or low. This yields a 2x2 contingency framework. The book examines each of the resulting four situations using both Argyris's typology of single and double loop learning as well as the variety of theories used to explain the adoption, or failure to adopt, a particular innovation, e.g., Rogers, Sandberg, in an organization. Recent management accounting innovations such as Activity Based Costing (ABC) and Balanced Scorecard (BSC) are used to illustrate the concepts and examples drawn from organizational practices. ABC and BSC are used as examples of management accounting innovations to illustrate why they are more successful in some organizations but not in others.

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Negotiation is a process that permeates our everyday lives. From international conflicts to corporate mergers, from labor contracts to distribution agreements, and from one-time job offers to the day-to-day of relationships, negotiation is one of the most common ways to reach agreement on disputed issues and resources. Though negotiation is challenging in the simplest of circumstances, a group context can make it even more complex: groups negotiating with other groups may argue among themselves; factions and coalitions may develop, leading to side deals or the obstruction of deals in progress; and, the interests and preferences of all parties become much harder to identify, much less satisfy. In this fourteenth volume of the "Research on Managing Groups and Teams" series, nine chapters examine the particular challenges, opportunities, and dynamics that confront groups engaged in negotiation. The volume will be of particular interest to readers and scholars from management, psychology, sociology, communications, law, political science, and public policy.

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Social media are increasingly popular platforms for collaboration and quick information sharing. This volume is a collection of reports on how these technologies are being used to educate educators with social media in creative and effective ways. Social networking technologies enable the integration of students and alumni in co-curricular activities in exciting and still evolving ways. The use of wikis, blogs, LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, text messaging, Flickr, Delicious, YouTube, Yahoo Pipes, Diigo, Second Life, Moodle, and other Web 2.0 technologies are shown in vivid examples and insightful critiques. The processes, design, delivery and evaluation of instruction using social media are examined in detail and include such topics as: the use of social media in developing countries for new approaches to teaching as support for individual and peer-based learning; new teaching orientations premised on social media such as focused distraction; enhancing in-class participation; how instructors are increasing the technical expertise that is needed by educators to develop their own 21st century curricula projects; and, creating an ecosystem for life-long learning through social media.

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This fifth volume of "Current Topics" contains seventeen chapters divided into six sections. The editors contribute Chapters 1 and 17, and the remaining sixteen were selected from seventy-five competitive papers presented at the sixth annual International Conference on Advances in Management held at Baton Rouge, Lousiana, during July 1999. The major architecture for this book is divided into six sections. They are labelled: Organization Theory, Organizational Behavior, Trust, Morality, and Ethics, Organizational Development and Innovation, International Management, and Concluding Comments.

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This volume of "International Perspectives on Education and Society" highlights the valuable role that educational policy plays in the development of education and society around the world. The role of policy in the development of education is crucial. Much rests on the decisions, support, and most of all resources that policymakers can either give or withhold in any given situation. The eleven chapters in this volume present persuasive arguments that the internationalization of educational policy has a wide and irreversible effect on schooling and society around the world. Indeed, educational policy is intricately woven into the development of societies. Chapters range from empirical investigations of educational policies impact on national schooling trends to narrative histories of policy-important multilateral organizations and professional societies. In addition to the editors, the contributors include Sheng Y. Cheng, Holger Daun, Diane G. Gal, Stephen P. Heyneman, W. James Jacob, Nancy O. Kendall, Veronica Martini, Mary Ann Maslak, Diane B. Napier, Jordan Naidoo, and David N. Wilson.

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FIDIC 2017: A definitive guide to claims and disputes is a practical legal guide for managing the procedures for claims and disputes within the 2017 FIDIC suite of contracts. It is the first book to present a comprehensive treatment of the multi-tiered dispute avoidance and resolution process within the 2017 FIDIC suite of contracts. Focused primarily on the 2017 Red, Yellow and Silver Forms, the book offers a step-by-step explanation of each stage of the process, with numerous flowcharts and diagrams to aid the understanding of more complex topic areas. Coverage in the book includes the distinct functions and powers of the Dispute Adjudication/Avoidance Board (DAAB) to avoid disputes techniques to achieve amicable resolution of claims and disputes full coverage of typical court enforcement powers and FIDIC’s preferred arbitral procedure the operation of FIDIC contract provisions under a variety of civil, common law and mixed legal systems, drawing on court decisions and arbitral awards worldwide. FIDIC 2017: A definitive guide to claims and disputes is an essential companion for professional users of the FIDIC books including engineers, surveyors, architects, consultants, and contractors, and it will also be a useful reference for legal professionals including lawyers, adjudicators and chartered arbitrators in this area.

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Conceptual Structural Design, Third edition addresses a topic that lies at the intersection of architecture and structural engineering. Within a building project, conceptual structural design, and how successfully it has been dealt with, impacts building performance as well as building appearance. Whilst engineers and architects are educated in different fields, the most rewarding projects are where their shared expertise can be utilised in full. This book illustrates how these two professions can be bridged. The first half of this book details the theory and investigates sources of inspiration for developing structural form. This includes what can be learnt from natural forms by using intuition; finding inspiration from precedents; applying understanding of structural principles; utilising physical models for design; as well as using new design tools, construction methods, emerging technology and materials to develop new structural forms. The second part presents real-life case studies showing projects in context and examples of best practice. Reflective of the changing times in which we live, Conceptual Structural Design demonstrates developments in digital tools that offer sharing possibilities and digital platforms for design, analysis and fabrication energy efficiency and effective resource utilisation to meet sustainability goals the latest developments in design tools, construction methods and materials architects’ experiences from real projects and how they collaborate with engineers from the early stages of design. This fully updated third edition of Conceptual Structural Design, addresses sustainable approaches and circular design. It also features additional online-only bonus material such as case studies about load-bearing glass structures and the Eden Project. The book is essential reading for architects and engineers, and for anyone interested in conceptual structural design.

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Digital Twins in the Built Environment offers a new, comprehensive, systematic and clear view of digital twin development in the architecture, engineering, construction and facilities management sectors. It will help you to uncover the implementation and development of digital twins work and understand how to operate and maintain digital twin assets, buildings and cities. Using a structured approach, the book explains how to create and use digital twins effectively including principles, system architecture, data structure and creation methods for the five layers needed (data acquisition, data transmission, digital model, data/model integration, and services). This is underpinned with real life cases studies of digital twin implementation at asset, building and city levels, revealing every angle that a digital twin can take. This book will cover the definitions and principles of digital twins overviews of typical digital twin implementations system architecture of digital twins five layers of the developed architecture: data acquisition, transmission, digital modelling, data/model integration, and services extension with other technologies practical cases at asset, building and city levels. This book is an essential read for built environment professionals including asset owners, consultants, facility managers, contractors, designers, policymakers and researchers.

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Building Regulations, Codes and Standards is a practical guide to the requirements of the building regulations, explaining how to achieve compliance in order to secure safe, sustainable and healthy developments. Together, the book and supplementary digital checklists provide a practical resource for ensuring compliance across all technical areas, showing how requirements of safety, environmental performance and occupant wellbeing can become hand-in-hand considerations to be achieved as a coherent whole. Features include overview of basic definitions and requirements within the building regulations in England, including functional requirements and guidance contained in approved documents for domestic and commercial development supplementary digital checklists that provide a one stop aid to compliance with all technical requirements; coverage of changes to the building regulations introduced in 2022, including changes to Approved Document B as a result of the Hackitt Review comparison of building regulations and advanced codes and standards that are applied in Europe, North America, Australasia and Japan; overview of leading voluntary building rating schemes such as BREEAM New Construction, the Well Building Standard and Home Quality Mark blueprint for an internationally applicable regulatory framework as a means of tackling global challenges such as climate change, encompassing all relevant technical areas, design process considerations, and including digital tools that will make it easier to obtain, share, analyse and store data consistently from project to project. Building Regulations, Codes and Standards is an essential practical reference that is suitable for practitioners across a range of built environment disciplines, including engineers, architects, surveyors, building inspectors, and legal professionals, as well as researchers and students in this area.

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BIM for Project Managers is a concise practical guide which shows how cutting-edge BIM related technologies can facilitate the successful management of construction and infrastructure projects. Focused specifically on core project management topic areas, the book shows how BIM can act as a catalyst for key project management functions in construction and lead to improved collaboration, communication and co-ordination. It also describes new skills and competencies which project managers need to acquire to work effectively on BIM projects, and important legal and contractual issues including dispute avoidance, copyright, liability and insurance. Covering the full project lifecycle from briefing, inception and pre-construction through to project closure or disposal, the book enables project managers to facilitate the use of BIM across the entire lifecycle. BIM for Project Managers is a core reference that empowers project managers to play a more proactive role in BIM implementation at both project and organisational levels. Students seeking to understand how to integrate the new technology and methodologies of BIM with established principles of planning and project management will also find this an indispensable reference.

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Now in its fourth edition, Port Designer's Handbook is the definitive guide to the layout, design and construction of harbours and port structures. Fully in line with the latest PIANC recommendations, this book covers all aspects of port planning and design from the impact of natural conditions on harbours, to health and safety, and the maintenance and repair of port structures as well as channel and harbour basins. Particular attention is given to the impact from ships, including berthing requirements, ship dimension tables and container terminals. This fully revised edition has also seen the material updated to provide coverage of: new design and construction methods of the quay structures floating berth structures for large vessels detailed evaluation of the necessary mooring system evaluation of the bollard system and layout new design and evaluation of the fender system according to the new PIANC recommendation updating the design of the erosion problem in the front of the quay due to the ship propellers concrete in port structures With an intuitive layout where the reader can easily find information on practical construction methods, Carl A. Thoresen's guide is an essential purchase for all practicing port and harbour engineers, designers and contractors, as well as students new to this continually developing area.

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New NEC4 Contract launched June 2029

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New NEC4 Contract launched June 2022

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New NEC4 Contract launched June 2043

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ICE Handbook of Concrete Durability, Second edition is a comprehensive practical reference for professionals involved in design and maintenance of concrete structures of all types. With contributions from a range of international experts, the book combines a thorough but accessible exposition of the principles of durable concrete design with a hands-on approach to its application in construction projects. The handbook helps readers to understand the likely causes of deterioration in concrete structures, facilitates the selection of appropriate materials, and supports the development of designs that minimise the risks arising from deterioration mechanisms. Extensively revised and updated throughout, this edition includes four new chapters, including chapters on non-destructive testing and structural health monitoring, and lessons learnt by expert witnesses involved in construction disputes, as well as new case studies of durability problems and solutions Coverage includes: physical and chemical deterioration mechanisms; durability of concretes made with Portland and non-Portland cement-based binders and recycled demolition aggregates; alternative materials to improve concrete durability; performance based specifications; modelling the effects of deterioration mechanisms; improving construction processes for better durability; and repair methods. ICE Handbook of Concrete Durability is an invaluable guide for construction professionals, including design engineers, consultants, and contractors, as well as postgraduate students on courses in concrete technology and the design of concrete structures.

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New NEC4 Contract launched June 2017

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New NEC4 Contract launched June 2027

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The ICE Manual of Bridge Engineering is the industry's leading guide to the engineering of all types of bridges. This book has been written by a team of leading experts and contains all of the key topics that any bridge engineer needs to refer to. All aspects from bridge design, materials and management of bridges to loadings, construction and accessories such as expansion joints, parapets and bearings are covered in this manual. Bridge inspections and economic and sustainable maintenance are also included. Fully updated to a third edition, this book features new chapters on bridge aesthetics and temporary works. It is aligned with the guidance given in the Eurocodes and will become your go-to authority on all aspects of bridge design, construction and management. The ICE Manual of Bridge Engineering will be of interest to all practitioners involved in any aspect of the analysis, design, construction, repair, inspection, maintenance, and refurbishment of bridges. It will also appeal to students at university or college, contractors, government agencies and research centres.

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The Term Service Contract is an entirely new NEC document and is intended to be used for the appointment of a supplier for a period of time to manage and provide a service. This document contains the core clauses, the three main option clauses, secondary option clauses and contract data forms. ENDORSEMENTS Construction Clients' Board endorsement of NEC3 The Construction Clients' Board (formerly Public Sector Clients' Forum) recommends that public sector organisations use the NEC3 contracts when procuring construction. Standardising use of this comprehensive suite of contracts should help to deliver efficiencies across the public sector and promote behaviours in line with the principles of Achieving Excellence in Construction. Facilities Management Board support for the NEC3 Term Service Contracts The Facilities Management Board of the Cabinet Office UK recognises that the NEC3 Term Services Contracts support good practice in FM Procurement in the public sector. BIFM supports the NEC3 Term Service Contracts

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New NEC4 Contract launched June 2037

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New NEC4 Contract launched June 2017

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New NEC4 Contract launched June 2032

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New NEC4 Contract launched June 2038

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The purpose of these guidance notes is to explain the background of the NEC3 Supply Contract, the reasons for its provisions and to provide clear yet comprehensive guidance on how to use it. Construction Clients' Board endorsement of NEC3 The Construction Clients' Board (formerly Public Sector Clients' Forum) recommends that public sector organisations use the NEC3 contracts when procuring construction. Standardising use of this comprehensive suite of contracts should help to deliver efficiencies across the public sector and promote behaviours in line with the principles of Achieving Excellence in Construction.

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Save £55 when buying this bundle! • NEC3 Supply Contract • NEC3 Supply Contract Guidance Notes • NEC3 Supply Contract Flow Charts • NEC3 Supply Short Contract • NEC3 Supply Short Contract Guidance Notes and Flow Charts The Supply Contract (SC) and Supply Short Contract (SSC) are the first set of standardised terms designed for complex (SC) and low risk/simple (SSC) purchasing of goods - designed around the same model as other NEC documents yet flexible enough to apply to any industry or supply situation. The NEC3 Supply Contract should be used for local and international procurement of high-value goods and related services including design. The NEC3 Supply Short Contract should be used for local and international procurement of goods under a single order or on a batch order basis and is for use with contracts which do not require sophisticated management techniques and impose only low risks on both the Purchaser and the Supplier Accompanying each document are comprehensive Guidance Notes, which provide commentary on the contract clauses, and Flow Charts which set out the procedural logic of the contracts. The 5 new documents are available in this special bundle for a discounted price. Construction Clients' Board endorsement of NEC3 The Construction Clients' Board (formerly Public Sector Clients' Forum) recommends that public sector organisations use the NEC3 contracts when procuring construction. Standardising use of this comprehensive suite of contracts should help to deliver efficiencies across the public sector and promote behaviours in line with the principles of Achieving Excellence in Construction.

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Save 20% on the cost of purchasing these documents seperately. This special bundle contains everything needed to run a civil and building construction project. The Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) is the main construction contract within the NEC3 family, from which the options A-F are extracted. It contains all core clauses and secondary option clauses, together with the schedules of cost components and forms for contract data. The NEC3 ECC Subcontract (ECS) is intended for use in appointing a subcontractor where the contractor has been appointed under the NEC3 Engineering and construction options, the available secondary options, schedules of cost components and contract data. Accompanying both documents are the ECC Guidance Notes and ECC Flow Charts, which include commentary notes on the clauses contained within the contracts, and also set out the procedural logic of the contracts. Construction Clients' Board endorsement of NEC3 The Construction Clients' Board (formerly Public Sector Clients' Forum) recommends that public sector organisations use the NEC3 contracts when procuring construction. Standardising use of this comprehensive suite of contracts should help to deliver efficiencies across the public sector and promote behaviours in line with the principles of Achieving Excellence in Construction.

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These flow charts depict the procudures followed when using the NEC3 Supply Contract (SC). They are intended to help people using the SC to see how the various SC core clauses and Options come together to produce clear and precise sequences of action for the people involved. Construction Clients' Board endorsement of NEC3 The Construction Clients' Board (formerly Public Sector Clients' Forum) recommends that public sector organisations use the NEC3 contracts when procuring construction. Standardising use of this comprehensive suite of contracts should help to deliver efficiencies across the public sector and promote behaviours in line with the principles of Achieving Excellence in Construction.

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Producing a graphical representation of an urban design, town planning or regeneration project is an essential aspect of the design process. How do practitioners use these graphics to best effect and how are created most effectively? Graphics for Urban Design provides guidance on how to use graphic techniques to stimulate and communicate ideas through the urban design process. Now fully updated in this second edition, the book will showcase methods for producing hand-rendered and computer-generated visuals as well as delivering information on drawing maps, collecting data and understanding build perspectives. The book will reveal the whole process and contains chapters that cover: an overview on the history and evolution of urban graphics characteristics of images producing drawings graphics in the urban design process showing technical expertise how to produce outputs managing all aspects of production. Packed with case studies and examples of best practice, this practical, full colour guide will be an must-have purchase for students of graphic design as well as practitioners, commissioners, graphic designers, 3D artists, cartographers and project managers.

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Save £90 when buying this bundle! The Term Service Contract is intended to be used for the appointment of a supplier for a period of time to manage and provide a service. This document contains the core clauses, the three main option clauses, secondary option clauses and contract data forms. The Guidance Notes place the new Term Service Contract into context with the rest of the NEC suite of documents. They then set out the background to the contract, its provisions and guidance on when and how to use it. The procedure for setting up a contract is covered and explanations are given on the meanings of individual clauses. Worked examples are provided of contract data. Finally appendices cover the clause numbering system, sample form of tender, sample form of agreement, use as a subcontract, form of performance bond and price list. To enable users to understand the operation of the Term Service Contract, this book contains Flow Charts which set out the procedural logic of the 57 clauses that can be presented with benefit by flow charting. ENDORSEMENTS Construction Clients' Board endorsement of NEC3 The Construction Clients' Board (formerly Public Sector Clients' Forum) recommends that public sector organisations use the NEC3 contracts when procuring construction. Standardising use of this comprehensive suite of contracts should help to deliver efficiencies across the public sector and promote behaviours in line with the principles of Achieving Excellence in Construction. Facilities Management Board support for the NEC3 Term Service Contracts The Facilities Management Board of the Cabinet Office UK recognises that the NEC3 Term Services Contracts support good practice in FM Procurement in the public sector. BIFM supports the NEC3 Term Service Contracts

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This guide is written to show users how to complete the simple communication forms provided for the NEC3 Professional Services Contract (PSC). Clarity of communications, in a form that can be read, copied and recorded, should assist compliance with the contract and reduce misunderstandings and disputes.

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Core Principles of Soil Mechanics is a practical guide to the key concepts and latest developments in the field of soil mechanics. It explores the physical properties of soils and the behaviour of soil masses subjected to loads, as well as soil phases, classification and characteristics, stresses and fluid flow, consolidation, compressibility and compaction, shear strength, lateral earth pressure, slope stability and bearing capacity. These core principles can be applied to soil-like materials, such as coal ashes and mine tailings, and are explored using real-life scenarios and worked examples. Produced by the Institution of Civil Engineers, ICE Textbooks offer clear, concise and practical information on the major principles of civil and structural engineering. They are an indispensable companion to undergraduate audiences, providing students with: A comprehensive introduction to core engineering subjects Real-life case studies and worked examples Practice questions, exercises and supplementary online solutions available at: www.icetextbooks.com Key learning aims, revision points and chapter summaries Further reading suggestions

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The Professional Services Contract is intended for use in the appointment of a supplier to provide professional services. It can be used for appointing project managers, supervisors, designers, consultants or other suppliers under NEC contracts and can also be used for appointing supliers on non-NEC construction projects or for non-constructionprojects. This document contains the core clauses, the relevant main option clauses, the secondary option clauses and the contract data. Construction Clients' Board endorsement of NEC3 The Construction Clients' Board (formerly Public Sector Clients' Forum) recommends that public sector organisations use the NEC3 contracts when procuring construction. Standardising use of this comprehensive suite of contracts should help to deliver efficiencies across the public sector and promote behaviours in line with the principles of Achieving Excellence in Construction.

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Stadium and Arena Design recognises the importance of the multidisciplinary approach required to design, build and run modern, international stadiums. Bringing together a broad range of knowledge from specialists in each of the key areas of stadium and arena design, this book provides up-to-date, practical guidance for professionals in the field, researchers and students. Building on the success of the award-winning Stadium Engineering, this second edition has been fully updated for the contemporary demands of the sporting facilities industry. Stadium and Arena Design begins with a tour through the evolution of stadium design from the Eighth Century BC to present-day achievements in sporting arenas, including the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup. Coverage includes in-depth analysis and explanation of all aspects of design and construction, from site appraisal and material technologies to crowd circulation and signage. New and updated chapters to this edition include topics such as sustainable design, artificial and natural turf and retractable roofs. Stadium and Arena Design: provides expanded guidance and detailed, technical information on all aspects of the planning, design, operation and maintenance of stadiums offers a range of global case studies and good practice focusing on innovation and emerging technologies delivers a truly cross-disciplinary perspective and promotes a collaborative approach through the design and construction processes includes bibliographies and links to a wealth of additional information in this exciting field. With contributions from across the industry and a wide range of case studies including Wimbledon Centre Court, UK, Beijing Olympic Stadium, China and Hazza Bin Zayed Stadium, UAE, Stadium and Arena Design is an essential reference for all construction professionals and practitioners involved in the design, construction and evaluation of stadiums internationally.

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This new edition of a classic introductory text opens with an extensive chapter that brings ethnography up-to-date and aims it toward the next century. At a time when numerous disciplines, organizations, and communities are discovering ethnography, Agar shows how the fundamentals endure even as they adapt to a world unimagined when the research perspective developed more than 100 years ago. Contemporary discussions of ethnography are loaded with choices, primarily "either-or" options. Just as the first edition crossed the qualitative-quantitative divide, the new edition integrates classical scientific notions with new concepts such as narrative and interpretation. Agar updates the contrast between the researcher's apprenticeship to knowledgeable informants and the hypothesis-testing mode that still dominates social science, while demonstrating the complementarity of the two. Drawing extensively from his own research experience, he illustrates the stages of the ethnographic process from inception through the emergence of a focus, and toward a subsequent formalization of methods and analysis. In the process, he illustrates several approaches designed to reconcile the contradictory demands of the scientific process and human behavior. It analyses the changes in ethnographic studies during the last fifteen years. It outlines the conflict between science and interpretation. It presents the politics of ethnography, both personal and global. It describes the 'new' participant observation. It sheds light on ethno-logic. It includes methods for the non-positive.

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Developments in methodology and applications in travel behaviour research continue to diversify to capture the growing complexity of human travel activity and coping strategies. The random utility theory (RUM) paradigm on which many econometric and empirical studies have been based since the mid-1970's has been challenged by the bounded utility maximisation or satisficing paradigm. More recently, the rules-based paradigm from psychology has attracted considerable interest and shows signs of offering a serious 'alternative' paradigm to RUM. This book highlights the competition between these ideas and shows how the rules-based paradigm has opened up opportunities to reflect the activity-based decision-making process. In six specially commissioned resource papers - including one by Nobel laureate Daniel McFadden - it describes the state of the art in travel behaviour research, from the fundamentals of data collection to the frontiers of e-commerce. The next 14 chapters then set out a series of research directions for ongoing inquiry. Thirty-three further chapters then offer detailed leading edge contributions within seven themes: methodological developments in choice analysis; longitudinal perspectives in choice modelling; incorporating schedules, uncertainty and reliability; challenges facing micro-simulation; integrated transport planning models; driver information and route choice; and data structures. Based on research presented at the Ninth International Conference of the International Association for Travel Behaviour Research (IATBR), this volume captures major developments in the field since the publication of the last IATBR volume in 1998, and will therefore be of value to all researchers and practitioners needing to keep abreast of current work on travel behaviour.

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