Search results for ""Author Theoni"

A renowned philosopher’s final work, illuminating how the logical empiricist tradition has failed to appreciate the role of actual experiments in forming its philosophy of science.The logical empiricist treatment of physics dominated twentieth-century philosophy of science. But the logical empiricist tradition, for all it accomplished, does not do justice to the way in which empirical evidence functions in modern physics.In his final work, the late philosopher of science William Demopoulos contends that philosophers have failed to provide an adequate epistemology of science because they have failed to appreciate the tightly woven character of theory and evidence. As a consequence, theory comes apart from evidence. This trouble is nowhere more evident than in theorizing about particle and quantum physics. Arguing that we must consider actual experiments as they have unfolded across history, Demopoulos provides a new epistemology of theories and evidence, albeit one that stands on the shoulders of giants.On Theories finds clarity in Isaac Newton’s suspicion of mere “hypotheses.” Newton’s methodology lies in the background of Jean Perrin’s experimental investigations of molecular reality and of the subatomic investigations of J. J. Thomson and Robert Millikan. Demopoulos extends this account to offer novel insights into the distinctive nature of quantum reality, where a logico-mathematical reconstruction of Bohrian complementarity meets John Stewart Bell’s empirical analysis of Einstein’s “local realism.” On Theories ultimately provides a new interpretation of quantum probabilities as themselves objectively representing empirical reality.

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How do economic weakness and dependence influence foreign policy decisions and behavior in third world countries? Theories in Dependent Foreign Policy examines six foreign policy theories: compliance, consensus, counterdependence, realism, leader preferences and domestic politics, and each is applied to a series of case studies of Ecuador’s foreign policy during the 1980s under two regimes: Osvaldo Hurtado (1981-1984) and his successor León Febres Cordero (1984-1988). Hey shows that Ecuador during this period represented the third world in many ways. It was a new democracy, having just emerged from years of military rule, extremely indebted to the West, and dependent on primary product export economy that relied heavily on importers, especially the United States. Jeanne Hey finds that some of the most popular and enduring theories in western research, such as realism and compliance, poorly account for Ecuadorian foreign policy. She explains that poor countries like Ecuador have substantial foreign policy latitude in the diplomatic area. Drawing on archival research and interviews with policy makers including Presidents Hurtado and Febres Cordero, Dr. Hey convincingly argues that many of the traditional foreign policy theories do not “fit” dependent states, and inadequately account for the complexity of foreign policy in the third world.

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Zur Exegese des Alten Testaments wird ein differenziertes, weithin unstrittiges und mithin relativ stabiles Instrumentarium an Methoden und Arbeitsschritten genutzt. Materialiter blickt die jüngere alttestamentliche Forschung indes auf tiefgreifende Umbrüche, insbesondere die Auflösung jahrzehntelang geltender Konsense zurück. Dieser Stand der Dinge wirft die Frage auf, wie die Diastase zwischen einem stabilen Methodenkanon und nachhaltigem Dissens in den damit erzielten Ergebnissen zu erklären ist. Ihr stellt sich die Exegetik. Sie fragt, so das von den hier versammelten Beiträgen vorausgesetzte Verständnis, nach den Bedingungen exegetischer Arbeit. Dieser metakritische Ansatz steht im Dienste einer eminent konstruktiven Absicht, nämlich der Kalibrierung der exegetischen Kritik selbst. Unter Bündelung des bisherigen Diskussionsstandes bietet der Band Bausteine für eine Theorie der Exegese.

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Regards alexandrins constitue la premiere etude monographique des theories esthetiques et des textes descriptifs de Posidippe de Pella, auteur dont l'?uvre nous a ete restituee, de maniere inattendue, par un papyrus publie en 2001 par Claudio Gallazzi et Guido Bastianini. Cet ouvrage repose notamment sur une confrontation entre l'?uvre de Posidippe et celle de son contemporain Callimaque. Enquete sur l'histoire du regard et sur les theories critiques de l'epoque hellenistique, la presente monographie vise a explorer les formulations poetiques d'un discours sur l'art a l'epoque hellenistique. L'enquete a ete centree sur les formes breves, et en particulier sur l'epigramme. Une fois associee au commentaire de differents fragments elegiaques, l'etude des epigrammes de Posidippe, de Callimaque et de certains de leurs epigones permet de mettre en evidence la maniere dont un ensemble de theories esthetiques ont informe le regard des spectateurs de l'epoque hellenistique. Cet ouvrage se propose ainsi d'analyser le regard que les poetes hellenistiques ont porte sur differents types d'?uvres d'art, mais aussi de reconstituer une partie des theories esthetiques et des presupposes critiques qui ont guide les interpretations et les appreciations que ces auteurs nous ont livrees sur les arts figures. Les differents chapitres de cet ouvrage s'interessent successivement aux strategies de lectures suscitees par trois categories d' ?uvres : les portraits, les images que les spectateurs hellenistiques pouvaient qualifier d'"anciennes" et d'"antiques", et les representations allegoriques.

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The issue of cinematic realism is important because the issue of realism, of the relationship between representation and reality, is important. If some forms of representation are closer to reality however defined than others, then this may also be the case with forms of filmic representation. In this book, Ian Aitken links the issue of cinematic realism to important questions concerning human experience, analysing the close similarity between the film image and visual perception, and how different theories of realism have sought to uncover the way film's relation to reality can be understood.Focusing on the writings of Georg Lukacs and Siegfried Kracauer, Cinematic Realism is a comprehensive exploration of cinematic realist theory.

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To develop a theory of world literature, this book demands that the theory of the novel can no longer ignore literary forms other than realism.Winner of the Donald Murphy Prize for a Distinguished First Book by the American Conference on Irish Studies, and the Waclaw Lednicki Award in the Humanities by the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of AmericaFor centuries, the standard account of the development of the novel focused on the rise of realism in English literature. Studies of early novels connected the form to various aspects of British life across the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, including the burgeoning middle class, the growth of individualism, and the emergence of democracy and the nation-state. But as the push for teaching and learning global literature grows, this narrative is insufficient for studying novel forms outside of a predominately English-speaking British and American realm.In Estranging the Novel, Katarzyna Bartoszynska explores how the emergence and growth of world literature studies has challenged the centrality of British fiction to theories of the novel's rise. She argues that a historicist approach frequently reinforces the realist paradigm that has cast other traditions as "minor," conceding a normative vision of the novel as it seeks to explain why historical forces produced different forms elsewhere. Recasting the standard narrative by looking at different novelistic literary forms, including the Gothic, travel writing, and queer fiction, Bartoszynska offers a compelling comparative study of Polish and Irish works published across the long nineteenth century that emphasize fictionality, or the problem of world-building in literature.Reading works by Ignacy Krasicki, Jan Potocki, Narcyza Zmichowska, and Witold Gombrowicz alongside others by Jonathan Swift, Charles Maturin, Oscar Wilde, and Samuel Beckett, Bartoszynska shows that the history of the novel's rise demands a more capacious and rigorous approach to form as well as a reconceptualization of the relationship between fiction and its cultural contexts. By modeling such a heterogeneous account of the novel form, Estranging the Novel paves the way for a bracing and diverse understanding of the makeup of contemporary world literature and the many texts it encompasses—and a new perspective on the British novel as well.

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Learn what prominent theorists say about bonding, attachment, separation and stranger anxiety, and the best practices for infant care. This introductory guide makes it easy to learn about John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth, Magda Gerber, John Kennell, Marshall Klaus, and T. Berry Brazelton.

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2009 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Crime in most urban areas has been falling since 1991. While the decline has been well-documented, few scholars have analyzed which groups have most benefited from the crime decline and which are still on the frontlines of violence—and why that might be. In Unequal Crime Decline, Karen F. Parker presents a structural and theoretical analysis of the various factors that affect the crime decline, looking particularly at the past three decades and the shifts that have taken place, and offers original insight into which trends have declined and why. Taking into account such indicators as employment, labor market opportunities, skill levels, housing, changes in racial composition, family structure, and drug trafficking, Parker provides statistics that illustrate how these factors do or do not affect urban violence, and carefully considers these factors in relation to various crime trends, such as rates involving blacks, whites, but also trends among black males, white females, as well as others. Throughout the book she discusses popular structural theories of crime and their limitations, in the end concentrating on today’s issues and important contemporary policy to be considered. Unequal Crime Decline is a comprehensive and theoretically sophisticated look at the relationship among race, urban inequality, and violence in the years leading up to and following America’s landmark crime drop.

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A thorough explanation of the mathematical theories, philosophies, and economics of catastrophes with a view to how humanity should be prepared for events with catastrophic consequences This book presents a holistic view of natural and man-made catastrophes, from mathematical theories and philosophy through to economics and policy. It is both academic and applied in its approach, offering both empirical evidence and academic reflections to give a new perspective on an ever-developing topic, and providing many examples of public policy and catastrophe responses from around the world. Natural and Man-made Catastrophes: Theories, Economics, and Policy Designs begins by introducing readers to numerous natural and man-made catastrophes and how catastrophe theories have played a pivotal role in designing policies and responses to them. It discusses hurricanes, earthquakes, nuclear disaster, asteroid collision, Large Hadron Collider, artificial intelligence, uncontrollable robots, global warming, infectious diseases without antibodies, and bioterrorism. It clarifies key mathematical and scientific theories—such as catastrophe theory, chaos, singularity, fractal, tipping point, unbounded variance, fat-tail, and Feigenbaum constant—on catastrophes. The book goes on to examine ancient and contemporary philosophies that have played critical roles in humanity’s understanding of catastrophic outcomes. The book critically builds the economics of catastrophic events 1) by consolidating the catastrophe literature in natural sciences, scientific theories, and philosophy; 2) by constructing global empirical catastrophe data and analytical models using historical data on hurricanes and earthquakes; 3) and by critically reviewing policy experiences on the aforementioned catastrophic events. Lays the foundation for the economic analyses and policy-making on potential humanity/universe threatening catastrophes Includes many examples of public policy and behavioral responses to catastrophes from around the world Provides a wide-ranging commentary on crucial implications of the studies, models, and concepts of catastrophes Synthesizes the catastrophe literature in mathematical theories, philosophical traditions, economic analyses, policy studies, and contemporary concerns. Natural and Man-made Catastrophes: Theories, Economics, and Policy Designs is an important book for students, teachers, professionals, and policy makers who are involved in environmental research and disaster response.

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Der Gleichheitssatz bildet seit Aristoteles den Kern des Gerechtigkeitsdenkens. Zugleich fehlte ihm vor der Neuzeit noch das Element, das heute die dazugehörige Debatte prägt: die personale Gleichheit (Geschlecht, Ethnie, Religion, sexuelle Orientierung). Es blieb das: "Suum cuique" und das "Gleiches gleich, Ungleiches ungleich". Und Aristoteles öffnete mit dem Kriterium "Würdigkeit" einer zeitgebundenen Bewertung die Tore.Der Band vereinigt die großen Linien - historisch und multidisziplinär: die Anfänge personaler Gleichheit, den Umbruch zum positiven, universalen Gleichheitssatz in der französischen Revolution; die Materialisierung zentraler Elemente, etwa der unverbrüchlich gleichen Menschenwürde, aber auch, wie die Ökonomik mit Gleichheit geradezu "hadert", während Soziologie und Systemtheorie den Blick für ein überindividuelles, systemisches Gleichheitsdenken öffneten, bis hinein in eine digitalisierte Gegenwart.

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Several of the most prolific and influential conspiracy theories have originated in Eastern Europe. The far reaching influence of conspiracy narratives can be observed in recent developments in Poland or with regard to the wars waged in Eastern Ukraine and in former Yugoslavia. This volume analyses the history behind this widespread phenomenon as well the role it has played in Eastern European cultures and literature both past and present.

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Das Erhabene dient Hegel zur ästhetischen Beschreibung des Judentums und verdeutlicht die enge Verbindung von Kunst und Religion in seinem Denken. Friedemann Barniske erschließt Hegels Begriff des Erhabenen vor dem Hintergrund seiner Logik und Symboltheorie, sodass sich theologische Perspektiven für das moderne Christentum eröffnen. Hegels Ästhetik spannt einen religionsgeschichtlichen Bogen u.a. vom alten Indien über die persische Dichtung und die hebräische Gottesvorstellung des Alten Testaments bis zur christlichen Romantik. Dabei wird jeweils das Zusammenspiel von ideeller Bedeutung und sinnlicher Gestalt zum Kriterium der einzelnen Spielarten von Kunst und Religion. Dem Erhabenen schreibt Hegel die besondere Rolle zu, die Unmöglichkeit eines angemessenen Ausdrucks des Göttlichen zur Sprache zu bringen. Darin liegt auch das Potenzial der Erhabenheit für das Christentum der Gegenwart.

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Lassen sich die Leiden und Schrecken der Welt mit der Annahme eines gütigen und wissenden Gottes vereinbaren? Wenn ja, in welcher Weise? Gerhard Streminger diskutiert die verschiedensten Lösungsversuche und weist sie ausnahmslos als unhaltbar zurück. Seiner Ansicht nach ist das Theodizee-Problem nicht nur bisher ungelöst geblieben, sondern es ist aufgrund logischer Überlegungen auch unlösbar."Das Buch gibt gewichtige Denkanstöße für Theologen aller Religionen."Anton Grabner-Haider in Theologisch-Praktische Quartalsschrift 3 (1994) Jg. 142, S. 329-330"Das Buch ist in einem präzisen, analytischen Stil geschrieben. Die verschiedenen Positionen zur Lösung des Theodizeeproblems werden ausführlich argumentativ abgehandelt."Maria Maier in Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie Bd. 77, S. 349-351

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In diesem Buch geht es um die faszinierende Fähigkeit der menschlichen Sprache, mit Hilfe winziger (mikrosemantischer) Morpheme als Hilfsmittel komplizierte logische (mathematische) Bedeutungen auszudrücken. Sprachen markieren Bedeutungen mit identischen Schlussfolgerungen, indem sie identische Partikel verwenden, und diese Partikel schleichen sich so in eine Vielzahl von Ausdrücken ein. Aufgrund ihrer Multitasking-Fähigkeit, scheinbar disparate Bedeutungen auszudrücken, werden sie als Superpartikel bezeichnet. Diese Partikel sind perfekte Fenster in die Verzahnung mehrerer grammatischer Module und die Art der Interaktion dieser Module im Laufe der Zeit. Fest verankert in dem Modul, in dem die grammatischen Knochen gebaut und zusammengesetzt werden (enge Morphosyntax), erhalten Superpartikel je nach der Struktur, in der sie vorkommen, unterschiedliche Interpretationen (im begrifflich-intentionalen Modul - Semantik). Darüber hinaus sind einige der Interpretationen, die diese Partikel auslösen, inferentiell und gehören nach der Standardrechnung in den Bereich der Pragmatik. Wie können so winzige Partikel, die selten länger als eine Silbe sind, so mächtige und übergreifende Wirkungen im intermodularen grammatischen Raum haben? Dies ist der platonische Hintergrund, vor dem dieses Buch steht.

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At a time when there is growing concern in many countries over the funding of expanding public sectors, this important new book brings together leading specialists in public finance to re-examine the economics of public sector growth. Several chapters document changes in the size of the public sector over recent decades for major OECD and Third World economies. Subsequent chapters then explore prominent explanations including public choice perspectives, bureaucracy models, relative price effects and Wagner's Law, and assess their contribution to current knowledge. The book also provides a number of new case studies of specific government activities - education, health and social security.

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Essential writings from classical and contemporary sociological theorists engagingly introduced and brought to life for students This Concise Reader in Sociological Theory contains excerpts from the writings of a wide range of key theorists who represent the dynamic breadth of classical and contemporary, macro- and micro-sociological theory. The selected writings elaborate on the core concepts and arguments of sociological theory, and, along with the commentary, explore topics that resonate today such as: crisis and change, institutions and networks, power and inequality, race, gender, difference, and much more. The text contains editorial introductions to each section that clearly explain the intellectual context of the theorists and their arguments and reinforce their relevance to sociological analysis and society today. The excerpts include writings from the classicists Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, W.E.B. Du Bois to the contemporary Patricia Hill Collins, Dorothy Smith, Raewyn Connell. This indispensable book: Offers a concise review of the diverse field of sociological theory Includes contributions from a wide range of noted classical and contemporary theorists Incorporates engaging empirical examples from contemporary society Demonstrates the relevance and significance of the ideas presented in the theorists' writings Designed for undergraduate and graduate students in sociology and in social and political theory, Concise Reader in Sociological Theory is an engaging and accessible guide to the most relevant sociological theorists.

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Lively and well written, Bread and Circuses analyzes theories that have treated mass culture as either a symptom or a cause of social decadence. Discussing many of the most influential and representative theories of mass culture, it ranges widely from Greek and Roman origins, through Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, Ortega y Gasset, T. S. Eliot, and the theorists of the Frankfurt Institute, down to Marshall McLuhan and Daniel Bell, Brantlinger considers the many versions of negative classicism and shows how the belief in the historical inevitability of social decay—a belief today perpetuated by the mass media themselves—has become the dominant view of mass culture in our time. While not defending mass culture in its present form, Brantlinger argues that the view of culture implicit in negative classicism obscures the question of how the media can best be used to help achieve freedom and enlightenment on a truly democratic basis.

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Opportunity theories of crime seek to explain the occurrence of crime rather than simply the existence of criminal dispositions. They emphasize the fundamental element in the criminal act of opportunity: how this arises, how it is perceived, evaluated and acted on by those with criminal dispositions. This volume brings together influential research articles on opportunity theories of crime by leading theorists such as Cohen and Felson on routine activity theory and Clarke and Cornish on the bounded rational choice perspective. The articles also include more recent theoretical developments and studies of situational crime prevention of specific twenty-first century crimes. These articles attest to the sheer volume as well to as the richness and the variety of work designed to reduce crime that has forever changed the face of criminology and criminal justice.

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Au commencement du XVII- siecle, une autre direction pour l'accomplissement du projet ontologique non identifiable a celle d'une science mathematique de la nature se profile et prefigure une recurrence persistante des origines de la philosophie. Ainsi, on trouve dans le systeme suarezien la retranscription originale et reactualisee d'une ligne de force traversant la pensee antique: l'ontopolitique. Il devient alors necessaire afin d'expliciter et de justifier cette orientation, de determiner a la fois le fondement et la specificite de la relation instauree par Suarez entre l'ontologie, la theologie, l'anthropologie et le politique; ces domaines demeurent indissociables d'une crise et d'un renouveau de la philosophie premiere s'enoncant comme accomplissement ethique de la raison metaphysique. Cet ouvrage se propose d'examiner chez Suarez (1548-1617), comment la theorie du droit et de la loi prolonge la pensee de l'etant elaboree par la metaphysique en une comprehension ontologique du politique. Il s'agit precisement de mener a son terme, dans un systeme unifie du savoir, la determination de l'etant en procedant a son extension a la question de l'etre de l'homme et de l'etre-en-commun propre a la societe politique. Au commencement du XVII- siecle, une autre direction pour l'accomplissement du projet ontologique non identifiable a celle d'une science mathematique de la nature se profile et prefigure une recurrence persistante des origines de la philosophie. Ainsi, on trouve dans le systeme suarezien la retranscription originale et reactualisee d'une ligne de force traversant la pensee antique: l'ontopolitique. Il devient alors necessaire afin d'expliciter et de justifier cette orientation, de determiner a la fois le fondement et la specificite de la relation instauree par Suarez entre l'ontologie, la theologie, l'anthropologie et le politique; ces domaines demeurent indissociables d'une crise et d'un renouveau de la philosophie premiere s'enoncant comme accomplissement ethique de la raison metaphysique.

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