Search results for ""Author Leon V. Berhardt""

This book includes five chapters, each representing a recent advancement in medicine and biology. Chapter One discusses future aspects of sports medicine and their applications. Chapter Two deals with clinical visual impairment in the elderly population resulting from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Chapter Three reviews recent promising alternatives to protamine, which is currently used as a heparin antagonist but can cause dangerous side effects. Chapter Four describes the factors responsible for the development of diseases such as SARS, MERS, and Ebola. Finally, Chapter Five discusses the future applications of Drosophila melanogaster in neurobehavioural studies.

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In the first chapter, the authors intend to carry on a critical review of the different methods and approaches to determine the biomechanical output of joint stiffness, designated as dynamic joint stiffness by the authors. The second chapter summarizes several preceding articles on invasive procedures applied with questionable clinical indications in the former Soviet Union. The aim of the third chapter is to give information about how to use tacrolimus, in which type of glomerulonephritis and what are the treatment results, especially remission and relapse rates. In the fourth chapter, a ten-week experiment was conducted to assess the effect of supplementing Synechococcus sp. and Synechocystis sp. on the growth performance, haematology, serology and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus. In the final chapter, discussions of the special properties of endothelial cells and their ability to generate the thrombotic microangiopathic syndrome and ARDS are undertaken based upon current knowledge of the capillary endothelial cells. Attempts are made to address the current pathophysiology of non-idiopathic thrombotic microangiopathy.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 164 begins by proposing that first-line chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer consensus molecular subtypes appears to be a prognostic factor that is able to provide information about growth rate. The authors go on to review the current and future applications of bioartificial grafts and conduits in the bridging of peripheral nerve defects. Ginsenoside Rb1 and phosphoramidon are studied in the zebrafish model of diabetic retinopathy, a progressive proliferative and non-proliferative disorder of retina with alterations of the blood-retinal barrier. Basic knowledge on the events from follicle development to implantation crucial to achieve successful conception as well as contraception is presented, describing the mechanism of contraceptive action of Chhaya. Hydroxydaunorubicin, also known as doxorubicin, a metabolite of Streptomyces peucetius and a prominent family member of anthracycline antibiotics is studied. The authors also review the possible mechanisms by which doxorubicin provokes concomitant side effects and clinical disorders, as well as the damage-assaying biochemical markers and the metabolites in these conditions. Updated data with a systematic search through the largest medical information databases is used to assess the therapeutic and preventive role in urinary incontinence of pelvic floor rehabilitation in pregnancy and postpartum. In closing, recent studies on the host and lactic acid bacteria as well as probiotic interactions in terms of molecular and cellular mechanisms of action via signaling pathways, apoptosis, and heat shock proteins are reviewed.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 156 first defines endovascular aortic aneurysm repair as the treating of an abdominal aortic aneurysm by placing a stent graft device over guide wires inside the aneurysmal aorta, with the aim of achieving secure fixation and sealing at non-diseased proximal and distal landing zones. Abdominal aortic aneurysm has an atherosclerotic origin; however, rare cases are immune-related, such as those from IgG4 or infections. Among the infectious agents, the authors discuss tuberculosis bacillus, the Salmonella typhi, but also Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Treponema pallidum. Next, the authors discuss fentanyl, a piperidine derivative opioid analgesic agent that has clinical uses worldwide, originally developed by Janssen and his collegues (Janssen 1959, 309). The systematic name is N-(1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl-N-phenylpropanamide. Since its discovery in the heroin supply in 1979, fentanyl and fentanyl analogs have been linked with epidemics of accidental overdose and death. More recently, the increased contamination of heroin with fentanyl and fentanyl analogs has been associated with accelerated national opioid overdose death rates in the United States. Following this, an overview of the systemic and topical corticosteroids used in dermatology is provided, and new classification methods to improve efficacy and minimize side effects are discussed. The authors go on to discuss prostatitis, an infectious disease caused by several bacteria. Approximately 8.2% of men have been affected by prostatitis which damages the ejaculatory ducts, causing infertility. The silver tree, Abies alba Mill. is a monoecious tree from the Pinaceae family. The fir has several uses in food and cosmetic industry, as well as in phototherapy and traditional medicine. As such, the antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Abies species against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeasts are explored. The penultimate chapter focuses on arthrosis or osteoarthritis of the knee, a local disease of the knee joint, and presents a clinical manifestation of degenerative changes in affected joints. The authors explore how procedures of physical therapy and rehabilitation alone or in combination with pharmacologic treatment can relieve pain and improve function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The concluding chapter describes current concepts regarding the correlation between tinnitus and cochlear implants. Possible physiopathological mechanisms of tinnitus reduction after cochlear implant may involve several aspects, such as habituation, acoustic masking, direct electrical nerve stimulation and cortical reorganization.

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This collection begins by discussing bendamustine, a nitrogen mustard derivative that consists of a meclorethamine group, butyric acid and a benzimidazole ring. Bendamustine has been synthesized in 1963, but in recent years it has been shown to be effective in treating lymphoproliferative diseases and solid tumors. Additionally, the authors present the efficacy of structure variation of bendamustine for the enhancement of the lipid membrane partitioning and tissue penetration, as well as drug-likeness. A total of 10 novel compounds are presented, wherein seven have higher Log P values and three have lower Log P values than that of bendamustine. Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 149 also discusses metabolic syndrome, a growing major clinical challenge for global health resultant from over-consumption of energy and obesity. Following this, the authors address the importance of antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary medicine, focusing on antimicrobial peptides such as nisin as therapeutic alternatives. A study is presented wherein it is concluded that oligodendrocyte dysfunction in multiple system atrophy significantly affects subcortical anatomical pathways. Moreover, the spatial patterns of the glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy contrast with those reported for filamentous neuronal inclusions in other neurodegenerative diseases. Next, the authors summarize the recent discoveries expounding how β-cell identity and heterogeneity evolve in diabetes mellitus, discussing a new perspective of β-cell function salvage in diabetes mellitus development. Yeast cell cycle arrest and its consequences are analyzed in the subsequent chapter. Cell cycle arrest results in programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, wherein cells are made to commit suicide. The penultimate study evaluates the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive and neurophysiological functions in patients with moderate cognitive impairment. Lastly, to investigate the role of CD44 in the development of allergic respiratory inflammation, a mouse model of airway allergic inflammation induced by transnasal administration of helminthic and mite allergens is used to analyze bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and airway hyper responsiveness.

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This volume, comprised of six chapters, presents some of the latest advancements in medicine and biology research. Chapter One investigates six linear traits of three species of beetles in the Southern Siberian and North Caucasus mountains. Chapter Two analyses the efficiency of surgical treatment of tuberculosis, which remained common in Russia despite the development of efficient and less invasive drug therapies. Chapter Three summarises the literature on temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis. Chapter Four discusses the neuroprotective effects of some of the most used nutraceutical compounds and their possible future neuro-therapeutic role. Chapter Five examines the neurological differences in emotional processing between males and females. Lastly, Chapter Six assesses sexual dimorphism using the NumPy library for the Python programming language by creating digital analogue arrays of the histochemical activity of the acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and peroxidase using the example of sebaceous and eccrine glands of the skin of male and female Norway rats.

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This edited monograph includes seven chapters, each discussing recent advancements in the fields of medicine and biology. Chapter One discusses the biomedical engineering must frequently develop a great variety of sensors by including information from performance of bio-samples (cell cultures or tissues), technical specifications of transducers, and constrains derived from electronic circuits. In this work it is described a methodology for real-time cell culture monitoring system design; analysing, modelling, and integrating into the design flow the electrodes, cell culture and test circuit's influences. Chapter Two contributes to a deeper understanding of the main pathways playing a role in the complex mechanisms triggered in Fe-treated organisms. Chapter Three describes one of the most important medical evolutions of the last decade is the development of personalised medicine. The success of personalised medicine depends on having accurate diagnostic tests that identify patients who can benefit from targeted treatment strategies. Over the last years, a large range of different omics have led to the development of valuable biomarkers, based on genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics etc. Only few attention has been paid to the study of glycomics, an attractive though not well known technology that can lead to the development of biomarkers in a variety of diseases. Chapter Four provides information that amoeboid protists are a taxonomically eclectic group encompassing 'amoebae' and 'amoeboflagellates'. They are single-celled organisms that move by a crawling-like motion, while extending pseudopodia (slender or finger-shaped protrusions) from the periphery of the cell. Their shape is highly variable; and the number and organization of the pseudopodia, in addition to cell shape, are important features used to categorize and taxonomically identify the amoebae. Chapter Five subject dealt with in this chapter may be useful for improving strategies to treat certain diseases as well as for the design of materials for tissue engineering, among other applications. Chapter Six indicates that abnormalities in physical properties of the cell membranes may be strongly linked to hypertension and other circulatory disorders. Finally, Chapter Seven review that Diphtheria, known to be an acute toxin mediated, contagious febrile illness is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

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This edited monograph contains five chapters that present advancements in the fields of medicine and biology. Chapter One provides a comprehensive review of the biological specimens used to monitor antipsychotic drugs as well as the analytical methods and sample preparation techniques used for their determination. Chapter Two focuses on estradiol and how it regulates the biology of innate and adaptive immune cell subpopulations, and how it may contribute to the resolution, exacerbation, or treatment for colorectal cancer. Chapter Three discusses the involvement of vitamin A in different areas such as embryonic development, development of the nervous system, and diseases. Chapter Four discusses environmentally friendly methods for the production of bismuth nitrate solutions and conditions for the hydrolytic purification of bismuth from the main metal impurities, specifies the compositions of the compounds used in medicine, and gives the production conditions for high purity bismuth compounds and the data on their toxicity. Finally, Chapter Five describes the use of gravitational mass spectroscopy to study the evolution of muscles.

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