Search results for ""vandenhoeck ruprecht gmbh""

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Despite a thriving of maritime history in Europe, research in the coastal trade has been curiously neglected in most European countries. Yet coastal shipping greatly forwarded industrialisation and urbanisation during the nineteenth century and remained an important carrier of goods in the twentieth century. This volume brings together fifteen essays on aspects of coastal shipping in several countries and regions of Europe. As in its companion volume on Inland Navigation and Economic Development in Nineteenth-Century Europe (Mainz: Philipp von Zabern 1995) the aim of the conference in which all but one of these essays originally were read as papers was to produce a preliminary balance of current research on the topic viewed from a comparative European perspective.

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Wir leben in einer Welt, die zutiefst geprägt ist durch die rechtlichen, ideellen, ökonomischen und kulturellen Traditionen und Parameter der "bërgerlichen Gesellschaft". Diese trat seit dem 18. Jahrhundert sukzessive an die Stelle der feudal-ständischen Ordnung der Vormoderne, und hat auch die ideologischen Herausforderungen von rechts und links ëberdauert. Aber das öffentliche Bewusstsein ëber dieses grundlegende Fundament unserer politisch-sozialen Ordnung entspricht keineswegs seiner ungebrochenen Bedeutung. Der Band enthält den ersten vergleichenden Rëckblick auf die drei großen Bërgertumsprojekte der 1980er Jahre, welche die historische Forschung seither nachhaltig beeinflusst haben. Diese waren auf das 19. Jahrhundert konzentriert, sie prägen die Bërgertumsforschung bis heute. Erweitert hat sich die historische Forschung seither in Richtung kultureller Faktoren, dem entsprechen Beiträge zur Vergesellschftung und Lebensfëhrung. Zweitens präsentiert der Band Studien zu den Brëchen, Transformationen und Kontinuitäten bërgerlicher Lebensweisen im 20. Jahrhundert, angesichts der Herausforderungen durch den Sozialstaat, die politischen Gegenutopien, die Pluralisierungszumutungen der Moderne. Den Band schließen vier Beiträge zur Begrifflichkeit und Lebenswelt von Mittelklassen außerhalb Europas - in der Erwartung, dass Wissen ëber europäische Traditionen "bërgerlicher Gesellschaft" der Diskussion ëber "global middle classes" befruchten wird.

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Erich Gruen's small study, the revised and extended Felix Jacoby Kiel lecture on the Jewish historians of the Hellenistic period, shows that their writings, which have survived only fragmentarily, displayed a remarkable breadth and diversity. Their handling of the biblical texts was at the same time very playful, consciously connected with a certain amount of idiosyncrasy and with the intention of placing Jewish traditions in a broader cultural context. The historians saw their task primarily not to elucidate it. To the biblical narratives they offered instead compelling twists, alternative versions and provocative variants. Almost always their representations also had a certain entertainment value. The sacredness of Scripture remained untouched.

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Im Fach Religion lernen Schülerinnen und Schüler, die evangelisch oder katholisch sind, einer anderen Religion oder auch gar keiner angehören, gemeinsam. Konfessionell-kooperativer Religionsunterricht versucht, dieser Vielfalt gerecht zu werden. Dabei stellt sich Religionslehrkräften die häufig schwierige Frage: Konfessionelle Kooperation wie macht man das eigentlich? Dieser Band bietet zwölf in Tandems aus evangelischen und katholischen Autorinnen und Autoren entstandene Unterrichtsskizzen. Sie sind zu zentralen lehrplanrelevanten Themen der Sekundarstufe I ausgearbeitet wie u. a. Visionen einer gerechten Welt, die Botschaft der Bergpredigt oder Gott und das Leid der Welt. Dabei stehen Schülerorientierung und die Wahrnehmung der Lerngruppe als interkonfessionelle Lerngemeinschaft im Fokus der Unterrichtsvorhaben. Mit den zahlreichen Kopiervorlagen in diesem Band sind Sie gewappnet für die Herausforderungen des konfessionell-kooperativen Religionsunterrichts.

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The theme of this volume is the question of value-perception. It is discussed from different philosophical, psychiatric, theological, and anthropological perspectives. The thesis that unites all the papers is the recognition that we live in a relational, dynamic world, in which we primarily perceive, and that to dissolve values from facts is fundamentally misleading, both in theory as in life. The contributions are the outcome of an energetic conference in 2016 where the problems at stake were rigorously discussed. The results are presented here, and they have an explicit order and are strictly related. It opens with basic questions and observations, then critical opinions and objections come into play, after which the outline of a larger theory of value perception is presented, and at the end some concrete examples from material practices are drawn.

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While the so-called New perspective in Paul has been in the focus of New Testament exegesis for more than 25 years now, ancient interpretations of Pauline texts and ideas have been neglected widely. The present volume aims to fill this gap. Its articles concentrate on three different foci of modern exegesis: interpretations of Pauls conversion, his ideas about the relation of grace and works and the fate of Israel. Several additional articles contrast these ancient perspectives with answers of modern exegesis.

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Phillip Melanchthon's psalm commentary was compiled based on his psalm lectures given at Wittenberg University from 15481553. In his commentary, the humanistic method for exegesis is used. The theological basis plays an important role in exegesis, namely the unity of the Old and New Testaments, the distinction between law and gospel, the connection between Christ and the church and the connection between David and the church. Clarity, pedagogy and application to the Church are important characteristics of Melanchthon's Psalm Commentary. Seongmin Ryu considers the theology of his psalm commentary under six themes: first, the revelation of God for the Church. Second, the law that outputs the content of revelation as the principle of God that rules the world. The law determines God's judgment towards man. Third, God gives the Church the other principle of redemption, the gospel. Fourth, the object of the gospel is the church. Fifth, the gospel-accepting church suffers in this life and calls on God. Sixth, God hears the Church calling him. These considerations show that at the center of the Psalm Commentary is the connection between God and the Church, specifically the comfort and promise of God for the preservation of the Church. Luther, Bugenhaben, Bucer, Calvin and Cajetan can be named among the psalms in the 16th century. By comparing them with their interpretations, Seongmin Ryu works out the unity of the Reformation theology and the difference between the Reformation theology and the Catholic, especially in the question of authority.

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Die Dialogflugschriften der frÃ"hen Reformationszeit wurden in der bisherigen kirchengeschichtlichen Forschung nur wenig beachtet. Susanne Schuster erschließt das Corpus der Dialogflugschriften und ordnet die dialogischen Flugschriften in den kommunikativen Kontext der Reformation als Medienereignis ein. Die Autorin beschreibt Dialoge als literarische Fortsetzung der akademischen Disputation und begreift diese damit als Teil der Umformung, den die Disputation in der frÃ"hen Reformation bis hin zur städtischen Disputation durchlaufen hat. Die Fiktionalität bot den Dialogen die Möglichkeit, diskursive Welten zu öffnen und variabler als der Traktat zu sein. Auf der theologischen Ebene sind die Dialoge Inanspruchnahme des allgemeinen Priestertums und des Schriftprinzips. Die Dialogflugschriften erscheinen als Resonanzräume reformatorischen Denkens.

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This volume contains the plenary papers and a selection of shortpapers from the Seventh Annual RefoRC conference, which was held 1012 May 2017 in Wittenberg. The contributions concentrate on the effects of Luther's new theology and draw the lines from Luther's contemporaries into the early seventeenth century. Developments in art, catholic responses and Calvinistic reception are only some of the topics. The volume reflects the interdisciplinarity and interconfessionality that characterizes present research on the 16th century reformations and underlines the fact that this research has not come to a conclusion in 2017. The papers in this conference volume point to lacunae and will certainly stimulate further research. Contributors: Wim François, Antonio Gerace, Siegrid Westphal, Edit Szegedi, Maria Lucia Weigel, Graeme Chatfield, Jane Schatkin Hettrick, Marta Quatrale, Aurelio A. García, Jeannette Kreijkes, Csilla Gábor, Gábor Ittzés, Balázs Dávid Magyar, Tomoji Odori, Gregory Soderberg, Herman A. Speelman, Izabela Winiarska-Górska, Erik A. de Boer, Donald Sinnema, Dolf te Velde.

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Die Wirkungen des Pietismus als der wichtigsten Reformbewegung des deutschen Protestantismus, der im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung erfasst hat, auf die deutschsprachige Literatur zwischen Sturm und Drang und Romantik sind in Umrissen erforscht und bekannt. Sie erklären grundlegende Unterschiede gegenüber den europäischen Nachbarkulturen, die spezifische Eigenart der deutschen Aufklärung, erste Anstöße zu konfessioneller Toleranz, auch gegenüber den Juden, Traditionen empfindsamer Innigkeit, Herzenssprache und inspirativ-ekstatischer Poetologie. Gegenüber den theologischen sind aber literaturwissenschaftliche Zugriffe auf das pietistische Schrifttum selbst, auf die pietistische Lyrik, die Lebenszeugnisse, Bibelübersetzungen, auf die pietistische Sondersprache und ihre Argumente, noch rar. Eine Auswahl einschlägiger Pilotstudien des auf diesem Feld mannigfach hervorgetretenen Genfer Germanisten aus den letzten 30 Jahren, von dreien seiner vormals Göttinger Schüler neu vorgelegt, soll dazu dienen, dieses Defizit zu verringern. Das Verhältnis zur Aufklärung wird neu vermessen, Gedichte so eigengeprägter Autoren wie Hoburg, Haug, Rock, Zinzendorf und Tersteegen lassen erkennen, dass stärkste literarische Anregungen vom radikalen Flügel des Pietismus und seinen hermetischen Traditionen ausgehen. Charakteristische Gattungen, Denkvorgaben und Sprachprägungen werden analysiert, christlich-jüdische und deutsch-amerikanische Interaktionen reflektiert, und der Blick wird gelenkt auf oft übersehene literaturgeschichtliche Zusammenhänge.

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This volume contains the results of research into the dialogue between theology and biology, particularly neuroscience and evolutionary theory. With regard to neuroscience, the representational paradigm is abandoned in favor of the ecological brain theory, which understands the brain as an organ of resonance between the living body and its surrounding environment. In relation to theological epistemology, this account not only leads to fruitful convergences, but also shows that revelation, as perception of Gods triune presence in creation, has to be understood as a resonating and non extra-ordinary or general kind of perception, instead of being a special interpretation of experiences that are beyond the ordinary. With regard to the theory of evolution, the Neodarwinian paradigm is expanded with the help of the theory of niche-construction, in which the relationship between organisms and their environment is understood to be reciprocally resonating. This new and emerging paradigm in biology fits to a relational-narrative theological ontology, in which the relationship between the life of the triune God and creation can be modeled on basis of the key metaphor of niche construction understood as a reciprocally resonating dramatic coherence. Theologically, Markus Mühling presents a theory of revelation as perception and a relational-narrative ontology based on the concept of dramatic coherence, in which the triune life is understood not as an exception to ontology, but as the decisive condition of its possibility. For neuroscience and evolutionary theory it provides the insight that taking the concepts of internally related external relata and a phenomenological approach into account leads to new horizons for solving those problems seen in certain older paradigms as posing irreconcilable contradictions. Mühling also argues that a dialogue between theology and the natural sciences in order to be fruitful must be maintained in relative dependence and independence, that any such dialogue must take philosophical considerations into account, and that it is decisive for each of the dialogue partners to speak on behalf of their proper and particular areas of research. The proposed results also reflect the authors participation in the dialogue between leading theologians and scientists at the Center of Theological Inquiry, Princeton (NJ) on Evolution and Human Nature in 2013.

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Darren M. Pollock examines the 1611 Romans hexapla commentary by the prolific Church of England preacher and controversialist Andrew Willet. While some have considered Willets later biblical commentaries to have been a retreat from his earlier engagement in religious controversy, the author argues that his exegetical work maintained a significant element of anti-Catholic polemics, only expressed in a different genre. This polemical hermeneutic served as an organizing principle and as a means by which to clarify the presentation of traditional Reformed readings in relief against a body of Roman Catholic theology that Willet believed threatened the gospel of grace. Pauls letter provided ample opportunity for Willet to identify what is distinctive about Reformed theology or rather, as Willet would have it, the particular ways in which papist dogma had diverged from the true line of Christian belief running from the Fathers through to the (truly catholic) Reformed church of the seventeenth century.Willets exegesis highlights many of the polemical issues that had long been contended between Protestants and Catholics, including the authentic versions of the bible, Scriptures attributes, and principles of interpretation, as well as doctrines like justification, predestination, the assurance of salvation, and the place of good works. A close investigation into Willets exegetical method also helps to see how an identifiable hermeneutical lens is consistent with a disciplined reading that is faithful to the text. His polemical focus does not corrupt his exegesis or force upon it meanings that are alien to the text itself; rather, his polemical hermeneutic serves to focus his attention and frame positive doctrinal statements against the sharp contrast of alternate readings.

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Nathan Söderblom (18661931) war bedeutend als Religionswissenschaftler, Theologe, Erzbischof der schwedischen Kirche und Mitbegründer der Ökumene, so etwa auf der Konferenz von Stockholm 1925. Er hat zu Lebzeiten weit über Schweden hinaus großen Einfluss ausgeübt. In diesem Paket werden die Person und das Schaffen Nathan Söderbloms in einzigartiger Weise zugänglich gemacht. Es sind folgende Publikationen enthalten: 1) Nathan Söderblom und seine Zeit: Die erste Gesamtdarstellung eines der bedeutendsten religiösen Denker und Kirchenführer des vorigen Jahrhunderts. 2) Nathan Söderblom: Brev Lettres Briefe Letters. A selection from his correspondence: Bisher unveröffentlichte Briefwechsel des Erzbischofs und Nobelpreisträgers mit Kirchenführern, Politikern, Journalisten und Künstlern. Die Briefe spiegeln das Leben Söderbloms wider und umreißen die wichtigsten Aspekte seines Denkens. 3) Ausgewählte Werke: Band 1: Offenbarung und Religionen Band 2: Christliche Frömmigkeit und Konfessionen Band 3: Jesus in Geschichte und Gegenwart Band 4: Der 'Prophet' Martin Luther

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What do we know about reality? What can we know at all? This is the question that the essays on religion (especially Buddhism and Christianity) and natural science in this volume address. Instead of getting lost in theoretical constructs and dogmatic discussions, the contributors focus on the philosophical issues that span the world. How do Buddhism, Christianity and science deal with the boundaries between what man can know and what he cannot know? How is that defined that cannot be known? How does ignorance relate to the human striving to fully grasp its surrounding reality? Scientists and religious figures discuss these questions and try to integrate the other side of the understanding of reality into their approach. This creates a fertile ground for the dialogue between science and religion, which makes it possible to think together about the limits of understanding.

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Science deeply challenges classical descriptions of the human person as 'free' and as 'spirit'. This survey of contemporary neuroscience and evolutionary biology explores why these challenges have arisen. At the same time it finds in the religious dimension of human existence powerful resources for speaking of the 'Emergenz des Geistes' and of a deeper sense of human freedom.

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The doctrines of covenant, faith, and the order of salvation are crucial components of early modern Reformed soteriology. In seventeenth-century England, these three major doctrines of Reformed theology, which had been taken over undeveloped from the Reformers, took a mature shape, but aroused controversies among diverse Protestant groups. Modern historical scholarship on Reformed orthodoxy has produced little significant research that deals with these doctrines synthetically. This examination explores the broader role of faith in relation to these two significant doctrines for salvation in the early modern Reformed theology, with specific reference to the thought of Thomas Goodwin. To this end, Hyo-Nam Kim examines Goodwins life to review his religious experience and to understand his socio-theological context. Goodwins soteriology was sharpened by his battles on two fronts: The first is the threat of Arminian, Neonomian, and Socinian soteriologies that tended to place meritorious value on faith and on human acts. The second is the Antinomian errors that undervalued faith and human responsibility. Goodwin regarded faith as a key concept for his soteriology. Faith plays a central role in the covenant theology not only because a lack of faith was the immediate cause of breaking the covenant of works, but because saving faith was ordained in the covenant of redemption, and actually functions in the covenant of grace, as the instrument and a condition for the recovery of the relationship of mankind with God. Examination of Goodwins ordo salutis provides specific insight into the place and function of faith in the covenant of grace since each element of an ordo salutis refers to the blessings prepared for the elect to be finally saved. Together with the role of faith in Goodwins covenant theology, therefore, the reconstruction of Goodwins ordo salutis and the close examination of the role of faith in each blessing confirm that although faith may be said to be both an instrument and a condition for salvation, faith is the perfect instrument both for making salvation totally Gods gracious work, and for showing that the elect are not passive objects in the covenant.

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Did war serve as a catalyst for religious change? Holger Berg explores this question using the example of Erfurt during the Thirty Years' War. Dissenting theses The strengthening or abolition of existing doctrines as a result of the war is empirically examined for the first time on the basis of the rich source material. While sermons and edifices document the teachings of four pastors, historiographical manuscripts provide information On the Convictions of the Laity The broad perspective on pastors and church members provides nuanced results for both church history and historical-anthropological research who understand the relationship between suffering, lived faith, and war experiences interested, gaining unusual insights here.

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Why did the Protestant culture of remembrance discover the clergyman Karl Friedrich Stellbrink, who was executed by the National Socialists, for itself only in the 1980s? Why are church leaders like the Bavarian regional bishop Hans Meiser, who have long been venerated as opponents of National Socialism, recently regarded as no longer worth remembering? And why has Elisabeth Schmitz's 1935 text, which described the "situation of German non-Aryans" with great clairvoyance and called on the Protestant Church to consistently stand up for the Jews, only recently enjoyed national and international attention in research and remembrance culture? The authors of this anthology address many other questions. The contributions show that the Protestant history of remembrance also has an active and functional relationship to its present and says far more about the power of current economic cycles in culture and politics than about the historical truth of what is remembered. Christian actors and groups actively pursued moral and political goals and formed their own identities through the memory of Christian resistance. It shows what committed promoters of remembrance can achieve when their goals are carried by cultural and political trends. Not least at the interface between personal commitment and zeitgeist it is decided why certain personalities, texts or places receive a place in the memory of Christian resistance, while others are forgotten or have to vacate their place in the culture of remembrance.

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This study considers sixteenth century evangelicals vision of a godly commonwealth within the broader context of political, religious, social, and intellectual changes in Tudor England. Using the clergyman and bestselling author, Thomas Becon (1512-1567), as a case study, Brian L. Hanson argues that evangelical views of the commonwealth were situation-dependent rather than uniform, fluctuating from individual to individual. His study examines the ways commonwealth rhetoric was used by evangelicals and how that rhetoric developed and changed. While this study draws from English Reformation historiography by acknowledging the chronology of reform, it engages with interdisciplinary texts on poverty, gender, and the economy in order to demonstrate the intersection of commonwealth rhetoric with Renaissance humanism. Furthermore, the experience of exile and the languages of prophecy and companionship directly influenced commonwealth rhetoric and dictated the priorities, vocabulary, and political expression of the evangelicals. As sixteenth-century England vacillated in its religious direction and priorities, the evangelicals were faced with a political conundrum and the tension between obedience and lawful disobedience. There was ultimately a fundamental disagreement on the nature and criteria of obedience. Hansons study makes a further contribution to the emerging conversation about English commonwealth politics by examining the important issues of obedience and disobedience within the evangelical community. A correct assessment of the issues surrounding the relationship between evangelicals and the commonwealth government will lead to a rediscovery of both the complexities of evangelical commonwealth rhetoric and the tension between the biblical command to submit to civil authorities and the injunction to obey God rather than man.

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The historical study of Protestantism is often limited to internal or national discussions. Yet a broader, international look means also studying the major upheavals that occurred throughout the world, such as wars and globalisation.This volume first reviews the history of the church in the 20th century from an international and interdisciplinary vantage point and takes a look at the most important themes and conflicts that marked that often tension-filled time, among others the two world wars, globalisation, the broad number of continuities and discontinuities, the influence of the 1960s on social life, and the debate on the role of gender in the history of Christianity.

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Who was Jacob Latomus? What did he write in the series of lectures to which Luther penned an answer in 1521, an answer which is now so central to many interpretations of the great reformer? And how is the reading of that answer affected when it is preceded by an interpretation of what Latomus wrote? The study goes through the most important parts of Latomus' treatise against Luther (1521). The aim is to identify Latomus' theological convictions and thus to pin down who and what Luther was up against. The second and major part of the book is a reading of Luther's pamphlet against Latomus (1521). Parallels are drawn with Latomus' theology in order to facilitate as much as possible an appreciation of the differences between the two.The comparison between the two theologians shows that they speak completely different languages and that their viewpoints do not square at all. Basically their ways depart in their understanding of God's word and how it is communicated to man. This generates two ways of perceiving the matter of theology, and of speaking theologically -- and prevents mutual understanding. Latomus cannot understand Luther's view of the autonomy of God's word and the special character of proclamation, and hence a theology which is incompatible with natural reason. Even though he accepts a division between a natural and a supernatural rationality, and thus admits that natural reason has a limit, he grants the very same natural reason an important role in the ascent of cognition towards revelation. Everything else - such as Luther's theology - is a dehumanisation of the human being. Luther, on the other hand, regards Latomus' theology as a result of the impulse in sinful man towards ruling and controlling the word of God with his own inadequate natural abilities. In Luther's eyes that proclamation of Christ, which in the shape of a human being comes to man in contradiction of everything human, here disappears in the twinkling of an eye.

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At the occasion of the 450th anniversary of the Heidelberg Catechism, an international conference on the spirituality of the Heidelberg Catechism was held at the Theological University Apeldoorn, 21-22 June 2013. This publication offers the plenary papers presented, and a selection of the short papers. While the papers center on the Catechism's spirituality, a wide range of topics is covered, from both historical and theological perspectives. These topics include: the roles of Ursinus and Olevianus, controverse theologians, anabaptist spirituality, comparisons with Calvin's Genevan Catechism and the later Synopsis of Purer Theology. Also, the distinct spirituality of faith, regeneration, the trinity, the law and prayer in the Heidelberg Catechism are scrutinized, besides the idea of mystical union and the art of dying and living. Three contributions reflect on the controversy on the Eucharist which has stamped the Heidelberg Catechism. From a practical-theological perspective, the preaching and teaching of the Catechism are discussed, as well as the mode of gospel presentation and the permanent character of catechetical instruction. So, this volume offers a broad range of scholarly perspectives on the Catechism. Its spirituality is famous for the first question and answer, on the only comfort in life and death: That I am not my own, but belong body and soul, in life and in death to my faithful Savior, Jesus Christ.""

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This volume presents the proceedings of an international and interdisciplinary symposium on the intertextuality of ancient literature and its medieval and modern receptions. It engages with the topic of intertextuality in four regards:1. What constitutes a Text and what constitutes an Intertext: text texture - textuality in archaeology, iconography and literature? 2. Forms of Intertextuality: including the aspect of oral and written text. 3. Tradition and Transmission of Texts and Intertexts: examples of intertextuality. 4. Intertextuality and Canon: aspects of the specificity of intertextuality in canonical contexts.

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Personal renewal or sanctification belongs to the heart of the Christian life and is becoming more important in our present-day culture. Listening to Scripture and in conversation with a variety of theologians from the protestant tradition, Willem van Vlastuin presents an up-to-date concept for a theology of personal renewal. In this concept the spiritual union with Christ considers the way in which renewal obtains form in relation to God, our neighbour, ourselves and the world. The author places this concept into a historical perspective. Furthermore an important issue concerns the measure of renewal, especially in relation to the sinful heart of the believer.

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Filling the historiographical gap, Yoo raises a fundamental question concerning the criticism of the Reformed doctrine of free choice in relationship to divine necessity as determinism. Unlike the deterministic interpretation of traditional Reformed thought on free choice, the substantive and careful study of John Edwards writings on free choice in the intellectual context of the seventeenth and the eighteenth century shows that in Edwards view, human beings retain the natural freedom from compulsion and freedom of contrary choice even after the Fall, and divine necessity such as decree, predestination, and foreknowledge does not exclude human free choice at all.

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Text in English & German. Das wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Gedächtnis des Abendlandes erkennt die Urspr|nge der Idee von Naturgesetzen' bei den Vorsokratikern, Platon und der Stoa. Die rechtsförmige Interpretation kosmischer Phänomene reicht jedoch in den Alten Orient zur|ck und hat auch Eingang in die alttestamentliche Literatur gefunden. Der vorliegende Band erschlieát und analysiert die entsprechenden Texte und formuliert so einen neuen Zugang zur Vorstellung von Naturgesetzen' in der Antike.

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Heinz-Wolfgang Kuhn informs about the excavations on et-Tell at the northern end of the Sea of Galilee, directed by the Israeli archaeologist Rami Arav, professor at the University of Nebraska at Omaha and Prof. Richard Freund of the University of Hartford as Project Director. It is now possible to identify the hill with Bethsaida/Julias, which is mentioned, among other texts, in the New Testament gospels (seven times), by the Jewish historian Josephus and in Rabbinical literature. This volume has a twofold purpose: On the one hand, the 15 collected essays in English and German, complemented by the Munich excavation plans, enable the reader to follow the course of the excavations from the very beginning in 1987. The emphasis of the collected essays (beginning with an article published in 1989) lies on the levels of the Hellenistic-Early Roman period, giving a continuous description of the excavations, as they developed over such a long time. On the other hand, one finds here the current data of the excavations, with many important details concerning the Hellenistic-Early Roman period, with the author focussing especially on the first half of the first century CE, the time of Jesus activity at Bethsaida, as can be shown through historical-critical research. In particular, an overview is given of all the coins of the Herods (from Herod the Great to Agrippa II, including five coins of Philip, the ruler at the time of Jesus), of finds of columns, figurines and decorated stones, and there are lists of the so-called Herodian oil lamps and the typical Jewish stone vessels from the Early Roman period. The question of a small pagan Hellenistic-Early Roman temple is discussed, illustrated with many pictures. The excavation plans of the whole area and including all excavated levels from Iron Age IIA on (with an exact grid), extending over 25 years, are unique since they can never be redrawn, due to the normal destruction of nature and ongoing excavations. Heinz-Wolfgang Kuhn informs about the excavations on et-Tell at the northern end of the Sea of Galilee, directed by the Israeli archaeologist Rami Arav, professor at the University of Nebraska at Omaha and Prof. Richard Freund of the University of Hartford as Project Director. It is now possible to identify the hill with Bethsaida/Julias, which is mentioned, among other texts, in the New Testament gospels (seven times), by the Jewish historian Josephus and in Rabbinical literature. This volume has a twofold purpose: On the one hand, the 15 collected essays in English and German, complemented by the Munich excavation plans, enable the reader to follow the course of the excavations from the very beginning in 1987. The emphasis of the collected essays (beginning with an article published in 1989) lies on the levels of the Hellenistic-Early Roman period, giving a continuous description of the excavations, as they developed over such a long time. On the other hand, one finds here the current data of the excavations, with many important details concerning the Hellenistic-Early Roman period, with the author focussing especially on the first half of the first century CE, the time of Jesus activity at Bethsaida, as can be shown through historical-critical research. In particular, an overview is given of all the coins of the Herods (from Herod the Great to Agrippa II, including five coins of Philip, the ruler at the time of Jesus), of finds of columns, figurines and decorated stones, and there are lists of the so-called Herodian oil lamps and the typical Jewish stone vessels from the Early Roman period. The question of a small pagan Hellenistic-Early Roman temple is discussed, illustrated with many colored pictures. The excavation plans of the whole area and including all excavated levels from Iron Age IIA on (with an exact grid), extending over 25 years, are unique since they can never be redrawn, due to the normal destruction of nature and ongoing excavations.

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This book is the result of years of intensive study conducted by Yinon Shivtiel throughout Galilee combining historical, archaeological, and speleological research. The author documents and describes all the Galilean sites so far discovered containing the traces of underground cavities hewn out and readied by Jews as refuges and hiding places during the Early Roman period. The study relies on accounts in two of Flavius Josephus' works, The Jewish War and The Life of Josephus, where Josephus records that the Jewish population in Galilee prepared two types of underground chambers for use in times of adversity, defined in the research as "cliff shelters" and "hiding complexes". During the author's comprehensive fieldwork, which is thoroughly documented and described in the book, it became clear that the first method exploited natural caves whose openings were located at the top of steep cliffs, most of which could only be reached by rock climbing or rappelling with the aid of ropes. The many finds from these shelters shed light on their extensive use during the Early Roman period. Where no naturally fortified cliffs existed, the Jews of Galilee resorted to quarrying out underground hiding complexes. The book details the evidence and finds from the different forms of hiding complexes discovered beneath the remains of many of the Jewish settlements in Galilee chronicled by Flavius Josephus. Research into these complexes has revealed their resemblance to similar hiding systems discovered in the Judean plain. The book is copiously illustrated with plans, figures and photographs of both types of underground chambers and it discusses their connection with the desperate times faced by the Jews in Galilee throughout the entire Early Roman period, particularly during the Great Revolt.

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Ekaterin Matusova offers a new approach to the old problems of interpretation of the “Letter of Aristeas”. Chapter 1 deals with the question of the structure of the narrative. Matusova argues that at the time of Aristeas compositions of the kind of the Reworked Pentateuch, or Rewritten Bible were circulating in Egypt in parallel with the LXX and were a source of interpretations of the Hebrew text different from the LXX and of specific combinations of subjects popular in Second Temple Judaism. In particular, Matusova further argues that the leading principle of the composition of the Letter is that of the Reworked Deuteronomy, where subjects referring to the idea of following the Law among the gentiles were grouped together. The analysis is based on a broad circle of Jewish sources, including Philo of Alexandria and documents from the Qumran library. The principle of the composition discovered in this part of the study is referred to as the Jewish paradigm. Chapter 2 offers a new interpretation of the frame story in the narrative, i.e. of the story of the translation in the strict sense. Matusova shows that two paradigms are skilfully combined in this split story: the Jewish one, based on the Bible, and the Greek one, which involves Greek grammatical theory. She further argues that the story, when read in terms of Greek grammar, turns out to be a consistent story not of the translation, but of the correction of the LXX, which is important for our understanding of the early history of the translation. The analysis involves extensive excurses into Greek grammatical theory, including a discussion of Aristotle, Dionysius Thrax and other Hellenistic grammarians. In Chapter 3 Matusova tries to find the reason for the combination of these two paradigms, namely the Jewish biblical paradigm and the Greek grammatical ones, and to interpret their interconnected meaning, by placing it in the broad historical context of the Ptolemaic state.

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The Apocalypse of John belongs to the most puzzling texts of the New Testament. Historical-critical exegesis has been stressing that the book above all wishes to give a message of hope and comfort for a community under threat. Yet readers have also always been impressed and terrified by the many images of violence, including war, destruction, persecution and martyrdom, and the appearance of the devil and his demons. This book does not allow its readers to remain neutral.The present volume offers the proceedings of a conference that was held in Leuven, Belgium, in September 2009 and was organised by the general editors of the Novum Testamentum Patristicum. The conference focused on how early Christian and Patristic authors have coped with all these many passages that deal with various sorts of violence. The volume contains essays on most of the important commentators, Origen, Tyconius, Lactance, Victorin of Pettau, and those of a somewhat later age, Andreas of Caesarea, Oecumenius, and Bede, but also looks at the reception history on a larger scale. It also deals with issues of method in reading the Book of Revelation, with important themes (the 1000-year reign), the Jewish background of some of these motifs, and the reception of Patristic thought in the most important medieval commentator of the book, Joachim of Fiore.

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When scholarship presents the histories, belief systems, and ritual patterns of specific religious groups, it often privileges victorious and elite fractions of those communities to the detriment and neglect of alternative, dissonant, and resurgent voices. The contributions in this volume, which include case studies on various religious and academic contexts, illustrate the importance of listening to those alternative voices for the study of religion.

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The Book of Wisdom's understanding of Israel's history, of contemporary politics and of the immortal fate of the persecuted sage can be understood to be part of one theological system. This system integrates texts and concepts from Jewish Wisdom, the biblical narratives of the patriarchs from Adam to Moses, eschatological hope and apocalyptic language, an understanding of the spirit of God in the enabling of prophets and leaders and, most distinctively, the Stoic concept of pneuma. This last concept unites the biblical resources and allows Wisdom, using eschatological language, to speak of the ordering of the cosmos for the judgement for the wicked and the exaltation of God's people in the present age.Matthew Edwards addresses first the question of the literary unity of Wisdom. This is followed by an examination of the differing uses of the term pneuma within Wisdom, that is as divine agent of salvation, the means of the ordering the cosmos and the substance from which souls are composed. The nature of personal salvation within Wisdom is also considered and shown to be an integral part of the understanding of the cosmos, ordered for judgement and exaltation. Finally, this notion of the ordering of the comos and history for God's people is discussed with its consequences for Jewish life under contemporary Hellenistic and Roman rule.

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The Lucianic text of the Historical Books is demonstrably a late, recensional text, but it has numerous curious agreements with the earliest witnesses against B and the majority of the manuscripts. Tuukka Kauhanen aims at throwing light on this "proto-Lucianic problem" in 1 Samuel (1 Kingdoms) by taking a comprehensive view of all the relevant witnesses. Kauhanen concludes that there are significantly less of actual proto-Lucianic readings than has often been supposed and refutes the old theory of the "proto-Lucianic recension".

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The Syrohexapla is widely believed to be a faithful witness to the Hexapla of Origen. This Syriac version was produced in the seventh century on the basis of Greek texts related to Origen's six-columned masterpiece of biblical scholarship. The signs used in Origen's Hexapla, as well as the readings of several Greek Jewish versions which are no longer fully extant, are preserved in this version. The present study evaluates the Syrohexapla as a witness to these hexaplaric materials in 3 Kingdoms (1 Kings).The nearly 600 signs preserved in the Syrohexapla are analysed, divided into correctly marked asterisks, correctly marked obeli, and inaccurately marked readings. The more than 300 readings attributed to the Greek Jewish versions are treated separately. Finally, by including a chapter which examines a portion of the many readings in the Syrohexapla for which no hexaplaric sign has been preserved, the author balances assessments of the reliability of the Syrohexapla for studying the remains of Origen's Hexapla.This study prepares the way for the author's new critical edition of the hexaplaric fragments of 3 Kingdoms.

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This volume of the new DSI series is the most comprehensive investigation of Hebrew and Greek translation equivalents in Ps 42-43 in the Psalter and in the Septuagint as a whole currently available. This detailed study does not only include the translation equivalents in the Septuagint, the semantic meanings of the Hebrew and Greek words are also discussed and parallels in the LXX as well as in the Hebrew Bible are included. A systematic investigation of the translator's method must be carried out before one can use the manuscripts in a proper way. Accordingly, the extensive translation-technical emphasis and the discussion of text-critical matters make it possible to present a more accurate Old Greek text and this book may thus contribute to a new critical edition of the Greek Psalter. The book is also in some respects in itself a text-critical study, since all variants in Rahlfs' edition of the Septuagint Psalms, with the addition of Papyrus Bodmer XXIV (Rahlfs 2110), as well as Hebrew variants, are referred to and studied. This includes suggestions and evaluations of the Hebrew Vorlage behind the Septuagint text. It is also a commentary on the Hebrew and the Greek texts of Ps 42-43. Like other commentaries, it describes the position of the psalm, it presents the unity and form of the psalm, its structure and its relation to the close context. As a commentary on both the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint, it gives an overall interpretation of the psalm in Hebrew and in Greek separately. The book can be read by the specialist in Septuagint studies as well as all scholars interested in translation, textual criticism, and in the book of Psalms, not least its use of metaphors and the reflection of temple theology.

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Art objects and pictures of the first millennium BC Chr. From the Middle East and the Eastern Mediterranean are viewed here from a perspective that sees art as a symbolic data carrier. Art conveys culturally shaped statements and thereby allows conclusions to be drawn about the culture, world view and religion of a people. In this book, it is examined in its triple function as an artifact, visual medium and reflection of cultural ideas.

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Teamwork is expected to be a highly successful way to create synergies in organisations and companies. Yet all of us have had the experience of sitting through inefficient team meetings, spending too much time on organisational issues. Clearly collaborative consultation in its various forms is a common part of our daily work life. But does one organise working effectively in a team and as a team? On the basis of his long-standing experience as counsellor and supervisor Johannes Herwig-Lempp developed a systemic approach to team support. In this book he shows how to easily learn, adapt and practice this techniques.

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The present work deals not only with the well-organized right extremism in modern Europe as well as with its function in proper political parties, but equally includes two additional, broader approaches: the militant branches and subcultures that exist, including some paramilitary phenomena in Eastern Europe; and the broad realm of their political ideas and cultural trends and the influence they exert on European political culture.

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The Jewish history and culture of the Bohemian countries have been enjoying growing interest for around two decades. This places the region's historically multi-ethnic character at the center of attention. Against this background, it is all the more surprising that no innovative synthesis of this research has yet been available. For the first time, this book, written by an international team of authors, is taking up the challenge of telling and analyzing the Jewish experience in the Bohemian countries as an integral and inseparable part of the development of Central Europe from the 16th century to the present day. It is just as much about contacts of the Jewish population with their non-Jewish neighbors as it is about the view of the province, that is, of the rural regions and communities away from the major urban centers of Prague, Brno and Ostrava.

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Debates about social modernization processes determined the public discourse of the Weimar Republic. The images of the USA and the Soviet Union that were produced in German newspapers and magazines, which were perceived as modernity projects, played a special role. This is where David Franz's study comes in, comparing conflicting depictions of both countries in the leading German print media of the time and embedding them in the social conditions of the interwar period. In addition to journalistic texts, visual representations were also examined. The study thus takes into account both the role of the Soviet Union, which has so far received little attention, as well as the power of visual representation in the debates of the Weimar Republic. As a result, it traces the lines of the interpretive struggles over modernization processes in society, economy and politics that were characteristic of the public debate of the Weimar Republic.

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The essays in this volume present a nuanced analysis of the development of scientific fields and institutions in Eastern Europe during the "long 19th century" (1789-1914).In 19th century Western Europe science often developed in the context of emerging national states. In Eastern and East-Central Europe, however, until World War I science operated in the imperial framework of the Habsburg and Tsarist Empires. The imperial characteristics of these states (such as multinationality, linguistic diversity, and a pronounced polarity between centers and peripheries) created specific conditions for the sciences. Taking this observation as a starting point, this volume addresses the interplay of science and empire in Imperial Russia and the Habsburg Monarchy in a comparative framework.

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Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts verwüsteten Epidemien der Schlafkrankheit weite Teile der europäischen Kolonialgebiete in Afrika. Diese akute Krise in den Krankheitsgebieten setzte eine ganze Reihe von Entwicklungen in Gang, deren Reichweite sich keineswegs auf den afrikanischen Kontinent beschränkte. Während in den Kolonien Zwangsuntersuchungen und -behandlungen der afrikanischen Bevölkerung eingeführt, Verkehrswege kontrolliert und ganze Landstriche evakuiert und umgestaltet wurden, formierte sich in Europa die Tropenmedizin als avantgardistisches Projekt an einer Schnittstelle von Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Politik. Stellte die Konfrontation mit der Krankheit die Kolonialmächte zwar vor massive Schwierigkeiten, so öffnete sie gleichzeitig ein koloniales Experimentierfeld für Biomedizin, Pharma-Industrie und Administrationen. Die Studie beschreibt die Entstehung dieses neuen Forschungs- und Interventionsfeldes als eine europäische Verflechtungsgeschichte. Was sagen die Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Krankheit über die imperiale Prägung moderner Biomedizin? Welche Dynamiken kolonialer Herrschaft und internationaler Politik lassen sich an ihnen ablesen? Anhand dieser Fragen öffnet die Studie das Thema nicht nur für medizinhistorische Zugriffe, sondern auch für aktuelle Fragen der Global- und Zeitgeschichte.

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Von imperialen Utopien zu gelebten Wirklichkeiten: Imperiale Expansionsprozesse werden meist eurozentrisch und linear dargestellt. Europäische Großreiche, so die gängige Lesart, eigneten sich unter Rückgriff auf ambivalente Kulturmodelle und technologischen Fortschritt weite Teile der außereuropäischen Welt an. Die Studie der Kolonialgeschichte Alaskas im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert nimmt dagegen einen Perspektivwechsel vor. Die Positionen der Machtzentren Sankt Petersburg und Washington, D.C. werden ergänzt um die Erlebnis- und Vorstellungswelten der unmittelbaren Träger kolonialer Expansion: der russischen Kolonisten in Alaska. Das Bild des kolonialen Alaskas wird so neu interpretiert. An die Stelle von vermeintlicher zivilisatorischer Überlegenheit und imperialer Rhetorik treten Unsicherheit, Unterversorgung, Konkurrenz, Angst und Gefahr.

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The number of eponymous female characters in Handel's work is remarkable, from the first opera Almira (1705) to the last melodramma Deidamia (1740), supplemented by Esther, Deborah and Athalia. In the contributions of the GHB 2016, the female figure is traced in the music of Handel's time, guided by the central aesthetic terms 'sensitive', 'heroic' and 'sublime'. In addition, there are studies by Hans Joachim Marx and Ton Koopman, in addition to the usual bibliography and communications from the Göttinger Handel Society. V.

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Maciej Ptaszyński befasst sich mit der zweiten Generation lutherischer Pfarrer im Herzogtum Pommern des 16. Jahrhunderts. Dieser Zeitraum ist in der Kirchengeschichte Pommerns als Konsolidierungsphase zu bezeichnen: In der pommerschen Kirche, die sich bereits 1534 für die Reformation ausgesprochen hatte, beschleunigten sich die Prozesse der Konfessionsbildung während dieser Zeit. In den fünfziger und sechziger Jahren des 16. Jahrhunderts wurden ein Corpus Doctrinae (1565) gedruckt, eine neue Kirchenordnung und kirchliche Agende verabschiedet (1563/1569), das Synodalsystem geschaffen und Konsistorien in Greifswald und Stettin gegründet.Er beschäftigt sich mit den pommerschen Pastoren, einer Gruppe von über 2000 Männer, die seit den 1550ern Jahren ihre Posten übernahmen und bis zum Dreißigjährigen Krieg innehatten. In der Darstellung verfolgt er zwei Ziele: Zum einen erfasst er diese Gruppe deskriptiv, zum anderen geht er dem Zusammenhang der Paradigmen der Konfessionalisierung und Professionalisierung analytisch nach. Die Generations- und Lebenszyklenanalyse erweiterte dabei die bisherigen Forschungen zur evangelischen Geistlichkeit im 16. Jahrhundert.Seine Studie ist als prosopographische Untersuchung (Kollektivbiographie) konzipiert. Neben der sozialgeschichtlichen Herangehensweise spielen alltagsgeschichtliche und anthropologische Ansätze eine wichtige Rolle. Als Quellen für seine Arbeit dienten neben gedruckten Materialien zur pommerschen Geschichte vor allem Archivbestände in Greifswald (Landes-, Stadt- und Universitätsarchiv), Stralsund (Stadtarchiv) und Stettin (Archiwum Państwowe).

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Seit der zweiten Halfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wird im politisch-gesellschaftlichen Kontext der eigentlich religios konnotierte Begriff "Versohnung" immer haufiger zur Beschreibung von Konfliktlosungsstrategien benutzt. Doch was bedeutet Versohnung bezogen auf Politik und Gesellschaft? Welche Faktoren sind relevant fur Versohnungsprozesse? Womit lassen sich Erfolge, aber auch Hindernisse und Ruckschlage auf dem Weg der Versohnung erklaren? In dem vorliegenden Band gehen internationale Forscherinnen und Forscher aus Geschichtswissenschaft, Politikwissenschaft, Soziologie und Theologie diesen Fragen nach. In ihren Beitragen wird Versohnung auf zwei Ebenen reflektiert. Auf der ersten Ebene handelt es sich um ubergreifende Analysen von Faktoren, die Versohnungsprozesse beeinflussen. Auf der zweiten Ebene werden bestimmte Aspekte von Versohnungsprozessen an einschlagigen Fallbeispielen aus dem Kontext des deutsch-franzosischen und russisch-finnischen Verhaltnisses, des ehemaligen Jugoslawiens, Sud- und Nordkorea, der DDR und Sudafrika veranschaulicht.Alle Beitrage machen deutlich, dass, obwohl unterschiedlichen Versohnungsprozessen bestimmte Elemente gemeinsam sind, Versohnung als ein sich dynamisch wandelnder, immer kontextgebundener Aushandlungsprozess erscheint, der multilateral von Akteuren aus Kirchen, Politik und Gesellschaft getragen wird.

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The Trinity of Trauma: Ignorance, Fragility, and Control is structured as a trilogy. This book includes the first two parts: Volume I, The Evolving Concept of Trauma, and Volume II, The Concept and Facts of Dissociation in Trauma, which are predominantly conceptual, theoretical, and empirical in nature.Volume I aims to overcome conceptual flaws that have plagued the trauma field to date. It proposes new definitions of trauma and derivative concepts as well as a dimension of trauma-related disorders. It suggests that individuals and their environment constitute, depend on, and are relative to each other. Volume I unites two groups of trauma-related disorders that were previously contrasted in psychiatric history under various names such as melancholia versus hysteria, traumatic neurosis versus traumatic hysteria, and posttraumatic stress disorder versus dissociative disorders. It also mends the dissociation of dissociative and conversion disorders.Volume II analyzes and defines the concepts of personality, self, dissociation in trauma, and dissociative parts. It explores and documents the biopsychosocial features of different prototypical dissociative parts in traumatized individuals. Important features of these parts also characterize other players in traumatization, stretching from perpetrators to society at large.

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