Search results for ""New York Academy of Sciences""

To help commemorate the 200th anniversary of the New York Academy of Sciences, founded in 1817, this revised edition of Simon Baatz’s book Knowledge, Culture, and Science in the Metropolis: The New York Academy of Sciences, 1817–2017, presents new material on the Academy’s activities from 1970-2016. The revised edition weaves the story of the Academy’s development with the development of science in New York City and America, from the early 19th century when scientific studies were largely focused on cataloging the natural history of the nascent United States. Chapters retained from the first edition include discussions of how Academy members were prominent in the campaigns to establish New York University in 1831 and the American Museum of Natural History in 1869; the Academy’s comprehensive survey of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands in 1907 and the resulting published magisterial 19-volumes over the next three decades; and scientific breakthroughs reported at Academy conferences and events, most notably, research in antibiotics in the 1940s and 1950s, which appeared the Academy’s journal Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. In this revised edition, Professor Baatz adds a new chapter that focuses on the significant activities of the Academy’s Committee on Human Rights of Scientists, which worked on behalf of dissident scientists for over twenty years, and the decades of involvement of the Academy in education programs for young people in New York City and beyond. Few cultural institutions in New York have lasted so long and few have had such influence on science in New York City. The Academy has been unique as a nexus for scientists across different disciplines, from universities, research institutes, and government; and its influence, through its conferences and publications, now extends worldwide.

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DNA and RNA fractions have been isolated from whole blood, serum, plasma, the surface of blood cells, and urine from both healthy persons and patients. Specific fragments have been identified as being related to particular disorders, for example, diabetes, cancer, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The ability to isolate these fractions and assess their relationship to specific diseases makes early noninvasive diagnosis possible. This volume reports on the most recent progress in this field, including chapters on developing protocols for nucleic acid extraction, determining the origin of the circulating nucleic acids, the capacity of these nucleic acids to enter cells and exhibit biological activity, isolating and testing fetal cells from maternal blood, and discussing the clinical implications of these discoveries and developing the techniques that will bring them into clinical application. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member

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The Global Medical Excellence Cluster (GMEC) and the New York Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Imperial College London and King's College London, sponsored the conference "Animal Models and Their Value in Predicting Drug Efficacy and Toxicity." The goal was to provide a neutral forum to critically examine and discuss the traditional role of pre-clinical animal models in drug discovery, and how these models most effectively contribute to translational medicine and therapeutic development. International, multi-disciplinary clinical and basic science investigators convened to discuss and identify changes needed to increase the predictive power of various models for drug efficacy and toxicity in humans, and ways in which to further refine, reduce, and replace animal models in biomedical research in areas such as metabolic and cardiovascular disease, inflammation, pain. Other topics discussed included new technologies in bioimaging, biosimulation, bioinformatics, the generation of genetically modified animals, phenotype screening, alternatives to rodent models, the use of embryonic stem cells, patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells, and humanized animal models. This volume presents a collection of short papers on some of the topics discussed at this important conference. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This volume presents reports from recent scientific meetings on topics in emerging fields: (1) Diabetes and Oral Disease: Implications for Health Professionals; (2) The New York Stem Cell Foundation: Sixth Annual Translational Stem Cell Research Conference; and (3) Chronic Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain. "Diabetes and Oral Disease: Implications for Health Professionals" was a one-day conference convened by the Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the New York Academy of Sciences on May 4, 2011 at The New York Academy of Sciences in New York City. The program included an examination of the bidirectional relationship between oral disease and diabetes and the inter-professional working relationships for the care of people who have diabetes. The overall goal of the conference was to promote discussion among the healthcare professions who treat people with diabetes, encourage improved communication and collaboration among them and ultimately, improve patient management of the oral and overall effects of diabetes. Attracting over 150 members of the medical and dental professions from eight different countries, the conference included speakers from academia and government and was divided into four sessions. This report summarizes the scientific presentations of the event. The New York Stem Cell Foundation’s "Sixth Annual Translational Stem Cell Research Conference" convened on October 11–12, 2011 at The Rockefeller University in New York City. Over 450 scientists, patient advocates, and stem cell research supporters from 14 countries registered for the conference. In addition to poster and platform presentations, the conference featured panels entitled "Road to the Clinic" and "The Future of Regenerative Medicine." Sponsored by The New York Academy of Sciences, MedImmune, and Grünenthal Gmbh, "Chronic Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain" was a two-day conference June 2–3, 2011 at the New York Academy of Sciences in New York City. Leading and emerging investigators studying the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neuropathic and chronic pain, and experts in the clinical development of pain therapies came together at this forum to address novel issues, current challenges, and future directions of basic research in pain and pre-clinical and clinical development of new therapies for chronic pain. Presentations examined recent therapeutic breakthroughs based on small molecules; the emerging role of biologics as potential new therapies; and current challenges and potential solutions for improved translation of new pain therapies following early target identification, pre-clinical modeling, and clinical development. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This volume comprises contributions from faculty and postdoctoral finalists of the 2011 New York Academy of Sciences Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists. The Awards celebrate the excellence of some of the most promising young scientists in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut by acknowledging their highly innovative, multidisciplinary accomplishments in the life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, and engineering. Included in this volume are manuscripts of the individual finalists' areas of research, which provide a glimpse of some of today’s most compelling scholarly work. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This Annals volume includes scholarly summaries of scientific achievement by winners and finalists candidates of the 2011 Prix Galien USA awards for achievement in pharmaceutical science. Contributions by GlaxoSmithKline, Amgen, Pfizer, and Janssen Biotech present advances in biotechnology and pharmaceutical agents that combat a range of diseases. NOTE: Annals volume are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit: http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632 ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New york Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Sciences receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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Climate change is already beginning to affect New York State and these impacts are projected to grow. At the same time, the state has the ability to develop adaptation strategies that will address many climate-related risks, thereby reducing impacts and taking advantage of possible opportunities. The ClimAID assessment presented in this volume provides information on climate change impacts and adaptation for eight sectors in New York State: water resources, coastal zones, ecosystems, agriculture, energy, transportation, telecommunications, and public health. Observed climate trends and future climate projections were developed for seven regions across the state. Within each of the sectors, climate risks, vulnerabilities, and adaptation strategies are identified. Integrating themes across all of the sectors are equity and environmental justice and economics. Case studies are used to examine specific vulnerabilities and potential adaptation strategies in each of the eight sectors. These case studies also illustrate the linkages among climate vulnerabilities, risks, and adaptation, and demonstrate specific monitoring needs. Stakeholder participation was critical to the ClimAID assessment process to ensure relevance to decision makers across the state. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This volume presents reports from three recent scientific meetings on special topics. The first report discusses scientific perspectives on individuals’ drive to consume, presented at the conference "The Interdisciplinary Science of Consumption: Mechanisms of Allocating Resources Across Disciplines" at the University of Michigan in May 2010. Sponsored by Rackham Graduate School and the Department of Psychology at the University of Michigan, the conference included presentations on human, primate, and rodent models and spanned multiple domains of consumption, including reward seeking, delay discounting, food-sharing reciprocity, and the consumption and display of material possessions across the life span. The next report comes from the one-day symposium by the Centre for Immunity, Infection, and Evolution (CIIE) entitled "Wild Immunology," held at the University of Edinburgh, UK in June 2011. Funded by the Wellcome Trust, the CIIE aims to connect evolutionary biology and ecology with research in immunology and infectious diseases in order to gain an interdisciplinary perspective on challenges to global health. The central question of the symposium was "Why should we try to understand infection and immunity in wild systems?" Specifically, presenters explored how the immune response operates in the wild and how multiple coinfections and commensalism affect immune responses and host health in these wild systems. The symposium brought together a broad program of speakers, ranging from laboratory immunologists to infectious disease ecologists, working on wild birds, feral animals, wild and laboratory rodents, and on questions ranging from the dynamics of coinfection to how commensal bacteria affect the development of the immune system. The final report discusses the work presented at "Advancing Drug Discovery for Schizophrenia," a conference sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences and with support from the National Institute of Mental Health, the Life Technologies Foundation, and the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation. The meeting, at the New York Academy of Sciences in March of 2011, included individual talks and panel discussions and highlighted basic, clinical, and translational research approaches, all of which contribute to the overarching goal of enhancing the pharmaceutical armamentarium for treating schizophrenia. The meeting report surveys work by the vanguard of schizophrenia research in such topics as genetic and epigenetic approaches, small molecule therapeutics, and the relationships between target genes, neuronal function, and symptoms of schizophrenia. NOTE: Annals volumes books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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The behavioral and neurobiological connections between play and the development of critical cognitive functions, such as attention, remain largely unknown. We do not yet know how these connections relate to the formation of specific abilities, such as spatial ability, and to learning in formal environments, such as in the classroom. Insights into these issues would be beneficial not only for understanding play, attention, and learning individually, but also for the development of more efficacious systems for learning and for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. This meeting report provides a synopsis of the conference “Play, Attention, and Learning: How Do Play and Timing Shape the Development of Attention and Facilitate Classroom Learning?,” held on June 15, 2012 and presented by the New York Academy of Sciences and the Brain Trauma Foundation. The report outlines important research steps that need to be taken in order to address critical questions about play, human activity, and cognitive functions.

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This volume presents two meeting reports from recent scientific conferences and a third paper of draft consensus guidelines for treating Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. The first meeting report, "Advances in Bipolar Disorder: Selected Sessions from the International Conference on Bipolar Disorder," covers the 9th International Conference on Bipolar Disorder (ICBD) held in Pittsburgh, PA, June 9–11, 2011. The conference focused on a number of important issues concerning the diagnosis of bipolar disorders across the life span, advances in neuroscience, treatment strategies for bipolar disorders, early intervention, and medical comorbidity. This meeting report presents key points from the sessions including: strategies for moving biology forward; bipolar disorder and the forthcoming new DSM-5 nomenclature; management of bipolar disorders—both theory and intervention, with an emphasis on the medical comorbidities; and a review of several key task force reports commissioned by the International Society for Bipolar Disorder (ISBD). The second meeting report covers the Sixth International Congress on Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (SDS), the only multidisciplinary forum devoted specifically to SDS, held at the New York Academy of Sciences June 28–30, 2011. SDS is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder involving multiple organ systems and affecting children and young adults. The meeting report explores the most important recent advances in our understanding of the clinical features, current management, and treatment of SDS, and the molecular function of SBDS in hematopoiesis, leukemogenesis, and organogenesis. The third paper in this volume presents draft consensus guidelines for diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. Evidence-based conclusions were made whenever possible. However, as in other rare diseases, the data are often anecdotal. Therefore, recommendations were also based upon the consensus of experienced clinicians from Canada, Europe, and the United States during and following an international SDS conference. New recommendations regarding diagnosis and management have been made reflecting advances in understanding the genetic basis and clinical manifestations of the disease. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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Handedness, or manual laterality of function, is thought to be both universal and unique to humans, making it a highly derived trait, based on an equally specialized neural substrate. By contrast, in various non-human species, both living and extinct, extent of lateralization varies. All known populations of living human beings apparently favor the right hand, motorically, culturally, and symbolically, thus right-handedness is species-typical, as well as species-specific. This laterality of function is correlated with asymmetry of structure, that is, neural, skeletal and muscular, for example as manifest especially in skilled movement, such as handwriting. Human brains are lop-sided, and sagitally-paired organs (hand, foot, eye, ear, etc.) are skewed in their use, usually biased to the right; explaining this variation appears to require both cultural and environmental causal variables. To tackle these questions and advance our knowledge of this basic human trait requires genuinely multi-disciplinary input by scholars willing to think inter-disciplinarily. Thus, participants in this Annals volume come from anthropology, archaeology, genetics, neurosciences, palaeo-anthropology, primatology, psychology, and psychiatry. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal.

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In the aftermaths of Hurricanes Irene, in 2011, and Sandy, in 2012, New York City has come to recognize the critical need to better prepare for future storm surges and to anticipate future trends, such as climate change and socioeconomic developments. This Annals volume presents research that assesses the costs of six different flood management strategies to anticipate long-term challenges the City will face. The proposed strategies vary from increasing resilience by upgrading building codes and introducing small scale protection measures, to creating green infrastructure asbuffer zones and large protective engineering works such as storm surge barriers. The initial investment costs of alternative strategies vary between $11.6 and $23.8 bn, maximally. This report shows that a hybrid solution, combining protection of critical infrastructure and resilience measures that can be upgraded over time, is less expensive. However, with increasing risk in the future, storm surge barriers may become cost-effective, as they can provide protection to the largest areas in both New York and New Jersey.

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A recent upsurge of research examining inositol phospholipids (IP)—membrane-bound species fundamental to cell signaling—continues underscore the role of this pathway in both normal and disease-associated cellular physiology. This volume includes a selection of cutting-edge, multidisciplinary reports borne out of the conference “Inositol Phospholipid Signaling in Physiology and Disease” held June 26–27, 2012 at the New York Academy of Sciences in New York City. Papers include important developments investigating IP signaling in immunology, cancer, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit: http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information on becoming a member.

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This Annals volume presents a series of short reviews stemming from the 2012 3rd International Conference on Nutrition and Physical Activity (NAPA) in Aging, Obesity, and Cancer. The papers focus on advances in, and future directions for, physical and nutritional bio-modulation and prevention of aging, obesity, and cancer. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit: http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632 ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (ww.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Sciences received full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information on becoming a member.

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This Annals volume stems from the two-day conference "Evolving Challenges in Promoting Cardiovascular Health" sponsored by The New York Academy of Sciences, "la Caixa" Foundation, and the International Center for Scientific Debate (ICSD), which took place November 4-5, 2011 in Barcelona, Spain. Leading and emerging investigators working on the fields of cardiology, vascular disease, inflammation, metabolic disorders, hematology, imaging, regenerative medicine, stem cell research, epidemiology, and nutrition, among others, address novel issues, current challenges, and future directions in the prevention, treatment, and management of the evolving global epidemic of cardiovascular disease. The papers in this volume explore the promotion of cardiovascular health through molecular biology, clinical pathophysiology, and population research. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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Collection of review articles highlighting the top science and recent developments in the field of neurology. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member

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This volume features an important collection of review articles highlighting the top science and developments in the field of evolutionary biology. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member

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This is the second of two Annals volume (see also Volume 1262) of papers by speakers at the 8th International Society for Neuroimmodulation Congress held in Dresden, Germany, October 2011. The papers focus on interactions among the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems that occur at multiple levels, from intracellular pathways by immune and neuro-endocrine mediators, to the exchange of information between the three systems that results in physiologic and adaptive effects. In certain instances, however, these interactions may be unbalanced or even disrupted, which can contribute to pathology, and aspects of such pathobiology are presented in some of the contributions. This volume aims focuses on translational science aspects of immune-neuro-endocrine interactions. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632 ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Sciences receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This Annals volume presents three scholarly meeting reports: (1) Dissecting signaling and functions of adhesion G protein–coupled receptors; (2) Scientific considerations for complex drugs in light of established and emerging regulatory guidance; ; and (3) Fetal programming and environmental exposures: implications for prenatal care and preterm birth. G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise an expanded superfamily of receptors in the human genome. Adhesion class G protein–coupled receptors (adhesion-GPCRs) form the second largest class of GPCRs. Despite the abundance, size, molecular structure, and functions in facilitating cell and matrix contacts in a variety of organ systems, adhesion-GPCRs are by far the most poorly understood GPCR class. The “6th International Adhesion-GPCR Workshop,” held at the Institute of Physiology of the University of Würzburg on September 6–8, 2012, assembled a majority of the investigators currently actively pursuing research on adhesion-GPCRs, including scientists from laboratories in Europe, the United States, and Asia. The meeting featured the nascent mechanistic understanding of the molecular events driving the signal transduction of adhesion-GPCRs, novel models to evaluate their functions, and evidence for their involvement in human disease. On March 9, 2012, the New York Academy of Sciences brought together experts representing a variety of perspectives—including academic, industrial, regulatory, as well as those from physicians and consumers—to discuss considerations for the non-biological complex drug (NBCD) regulatory approval pathway, given the emerging regulatory guidelines for biosimilars (follow-on biological complex drugs). Plenary sessions addressed the most recent regulatory developments, experimental design, interchangeability, and immunogenicity issues for follow-on versions of complex drugs from the perspective of key audiences, including industry, regulatory agencies, physicians, and consumers. This report summarizes various perspectives on NBCDs and the scientific and regulatory considerations associated with complex drug categories. Sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and Life Technologies, “Fetal Programming and Environmental Exposures: Implications for Prenatal Care and Preterm Birth” was held on June 11–12, 2012 at the New York Academy of Sciences in New York City. The meeting, comprising individual talks and panel discussions, highlighted basic, clinical, and translational research approaches, and highlighted the need for specialized testing of drugs, consumer products, and industrial chemicals, with a view to the unique impacts these can have during gestation. Speakers also discussed many other factors that affect prenatal development, from genetics to parental diet, revealing the extraordinary sensitivity of the developing fetus. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or a s a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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Myasthenia gravis (MG), an acquired immune syndrome affecting proteins at the neuromuscular junction, causes significant muscular functional impairment and can compromise patients’ quality of life, including fatigue, disability, and increased mortality rates. Continued efforts in the last decades have begun to produce significant progress in our understanding of this rare condition, yet considerable challenges remain for improving diagnosis and developing effective treatments for MG. The present volume comprises papers stemming from the “12th International Conference on Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders,” held May 21–23, 2012 at the New York Academy of Sciences in New York City. The papers collected in this first of two Annals volumes highlight some of the key developments in neuroscience and immunology in MG and related syndromes presented at the conference, including structure and function of the neuromuscular junction, advances in immunology and their relationship to myasthenia gravis, clinical and laboratory developments, outcome measurements and clinical trial development, and animal models of neuromuscular junction disease. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit: http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information on becoming a member.

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This third installment of The Year in Diabetes and Obesity review series includes reviews with a special focus on metabolic syndrome and health. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This volume highlights the latest information and newest understanding in immunology. It encompasses both basic research and clinical applications of the latest immunologic knowledge. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member

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Myasthenia gravis (MG), an acquired immune syndrome affecting proteins at the neuromuscular junction, causes significant muscular functional impairment and can compromise patients’ quality of life, including fatigue, disability, and increased mortality rates. Continued efforts in the last decades have begun to produce significant progress in our understanding of this rare condition, yet considerable challenges remain for improving diagnosis and developing effective treatments for MG. The present volume comprises papers stemming from the “12th International Conference on Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders,” held May 21–23, 2012 at the New York Academy of Sciences in New York City. The papers collected in this second of two Annals volumes highlight some of the key developments in neuroscience and immunology in MG and related syndromes presented at the conference, including treatment update and what lies ahead, congenital myasthenic syndromes, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, the thymus, thymectomy, and the myasthenia gravis thymectomy trial, and hot topics selected from submitted abstracts. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit: http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information on becoming a member.

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Virtually every aspect of mitochondrial research and medicine is addressed in this volume, including mitochondrial function and dysfunction, free radical biology relevant to mitochondrial dysfunction, the role of mitochondria in apoptosis, and abnormal signaling processes and disease mechanisms associated with aging, mtDNA mutations, or mitochondrial damage. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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The fifth installment of Addiction Reviews provides refereed reviews on learning theory and addition, deep brain stimulation and addiction, novel therapeutic approaches to addiction, developmental studies of reward, genetics and brain imaging in addiction, genetics of alcoholism and its comorbidities, in addition to other state-of-the art topics in addiction science. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit: http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information on becoming a member.

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This volume contains the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases, in which an effort is made to address and clarify issues from clinical, diagnostic, epidemiologic, and molecular perspectives that have remained unsolved in the past. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This volume concentrates on the most relevant oligonucleotide research and drug development areas and emphasizes the basic mechanisms and biology of oligonucleotide reagents. Chapters are devoted to RNAi, oligonucleotide delivery, and immunomodulation. Because of the advanced stages of oligonucleotide-based drug development, preclinical and clinical data are also presented by leaders in the field. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member

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This fourth installment of "The Year in Evolutionary Biology" series includes reviews on competition and the evolutionary dynamics of mutualism; rapid Hox gene evolution and the evolution of body plans; the evolutionary and conservation consequences of inbreeding-environment interactions; evolution and development of character displacement; applications of information theory to evolution; and gene duplications. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This volume stems from the Second International Conference on Environmental Stressors in Biology and Medicine, which occurred October 5-7, 2011 in Siena, Italy. Included are short reviews and perspectives on the basic mechanisms of environmental stressors; physical and chemical stressors and related diseases; air pollutants and related diseases; protection afforded by food and pharmaceuticals; and food as a source of stressors. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This second volume in The Year in Neurology series focuses on present reviews covering novel approaches to our understanding neurological diseases through both basic science and clinical approaches. A wide-range of topics is covered within this volume, including: vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia neurological nanotechnology neurologic diseases sleep disorders chronic inflammatory diseases NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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The proceedings of the sixth conference on Coccidioidomycosis presents state of the art overviews of our current understandings of this fungal disease and the causative organism. This is an emerging infectious disease, with cases increasing especially in the Southwest US. The volume should be of interest to medical mycologists, infectious disease especialists, fungal biologists, and immunologists. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member

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The fourth installment of "The Year in Immunology" series features reviews of novel approaches in the investigation of immunoregulatory mechanisms. Topics surveyed include cutting-edge molecular studies and treatment advances for systemic lupus erythmatosus and multiple sclerosis, the genetic regulation of lymphocytes and T cells, and new models of immunosenescence. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This volume features expert, refereed reviews of timely topics in each of the areas relevant to addiction science and clinical practice to aid researchers and practitioners interested in addictions. Authors from the United States, EU, Asia and elsewhere provide an international perspective on the problems and practices. Specifically, this volume: - focuses on topics that are relevant to specific substances but also provides important lessons for addiction to all substances - provides reviews that are aimed to be useful to specialists in the field and as useful to students as the first criterion allows. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This volume comprises contributions from faculty and postdoctoral finalists of the 2012 New York Academy of Science Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists. The Awards recognize highly innovative, multidisciplinary accomplishments in the life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, and engineering. Included in this volume are manuscripts of the individual finalists’ areas of research, which provide a glimpse of some of today’s most compelling scholarly work. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For more information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit: http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632 ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information on becoming a member.

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This volume explores the latest clinical and basic science advances in the field of reproductive sciences. Contributions from leading experts in the field cover a wide breadth of topics from in vitro fertilization to stem cell biology. Special focus is given to discussion of major obstacles in making clinical progress in the fields of in vitro fertilization, endometriois, uterine and ovarian transplantation, recurrent pregnancy loss, and preterm delivery. Novel evidence-based approaches to advance the field are discussed, including in vitro molecular approaches, translational studies, as well as those that may immediately be considered for use at the bedside to improve reproductive outcomes. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please click here. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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The fifth installment of The Year in Evolutionary Biology series includes reviews on: gene loss, thermogenesis, and the origin of birds; sexual selection in the light of molecular evolutionary genetics; the nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), an emerging model in evolutionary biology; the evolutionary consequences of interspecific aggression; specific-gene studies of evolution in an age of genome-wide surveying; and biodiversity and evolutionary history: expanding the PD phylogenetic diversity assessment framework. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For more information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit: http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632 ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information on becoming a member.

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The worldwide epidemiology of rickettsial diseases, including veterinary rickettsiology, is the focus of this volume, which is the second volume resulting from the 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases. The heterogeneity of clinical presentations of rickettsial diseases is greater than had previously been appreciated, and atypical and previously unseen presentations are discussed here along with chapters on known vectors and vectors previously not known to transmit a given rickettsial species. This volume and volume 1063, New Insights into Rickettsioses, complete the picture presented at the conference of the wide range of work that is being carried out in rickettsiology worldwide. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member

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The latest installment of The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience series features in-depth reviews of the major issues and emerging topics in cognitive neuroscience, including the role of strategies in motor learning; efficient coding and the neural representation of value; the emotion paradox in the aging brain; perceptual foundations of bilingual acquisition in infancy; understanding disgust; color through the lens of art practice, history, philosophy and neuroscience; functional imaging studies of emotion regulation; and neuropeptides and social recognition NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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The potential for the development of therapeutic oligonucleotides into clinical medicines and their use as basic research tools are explored in this volume, which is the proceedings of the 7th NIH Symposium on Therapeutic Oligonucleotides. The focus is on antisense, RNAi, triple-helix, gene repair, DNA chips, and CpG immune modulatory oligonucleotides. Specific chapters address designing better siRNAs, splice switching oligonucleotides, selective delivery of oligonucleotides, and medicinal drugs by receptor-mediated endocytosis, development of a function overriding siRNA silencing in mammalian cells, transcription factor decoys, and modified oligonucleotide hybridization and genetic insertion. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This volumes examines the mechanisms that underlie the generation of sensory and motor activity in the functional and dysfunctional spinal cord: a cutting-edge model system for both basic and translational neuroscience. At the basic neuroscience level, the volume explores the functional organization of neuronal networks responsible for processing sensory inputs and generating motor outputs and the genes that control the assembly of these networks. At the translational neuroscience level, articles describe approaches to understand and therapeutically modify spinal network responses to pain and injury. Articles cover a wide range of topics from genetic, synaptic, and cellular mechanisms underlying network development and functions to plasticity and regeneration following spinal cord injury. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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Immunology has rapidly evolved as a field, in particular, by moving beyond merely understanding the basic mechanisms of the immune system to developing diagnostic and clinical applications. As part of this globally broadening effort, the Fifth Congress of the Federation of Immunological Societies of Asia-Oceania (FIMSA) was held in New Delhi March 14–17 2012. The presentations centered on the theme: “Translational Immunology in Health and Diseases.” Extending this theme, this volume comprises the topics covered in ten Master Lectures and five award-winning poster presentations, including work on genetic control of immunity, autoimmunity, and the immune response in relation to specific conditions. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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This Annals volume includes invited short reviews on topics presented at the 7th International Cancer Vaccine Symposium “Renaissance of Cancer Immunotherapy”, held September 9-11, 2012 in Florence, Italy. The papers cover the latest progress in basic immunology research and its translation to cancer patients. The meeting and papers pay tribute to the successes in the last few years that have led to the approval of new immunotherapies and the awarding of the Nobel Prize in medicine to three immunologists. The symposium is dedicated to one of these recipients, Dr. Ralph Steinman who discovered dendritic cells, immune cells that are vital in immune responses and immunotherapies for cancer. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For more information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit: http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632 ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information on becoming a member.

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This fifth installment of The Year in Ecology and Conservation Biology continues this series’ outstanding reviews in diverse topics in ecology and conservation science and policy. Included are papers on protection of orangutans; environmental governmentality, economic corporations, and ecological ethics; impact of Nature on experience and cognitive and mental health; consequences of vulture population declines worldwide; ecology and management of white-tailed deer; controlling the spread of invasive plants; reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation; the boreal forest ecosystem; effects of organic farming on biodiversity and ecosystems; ecology of anopheles mosquitoes; ecology and conservation biology of avian malaria; and climate change and ecology of Artic vertebrates. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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Biomedical research on human subjects is notoriously difficult because of the difficulties in controlling the variables, locating a large enough sample size, and managing the ethical issues that have to be considered for every experiment. This volume contains contributions from scientists who have received grants from the Dana Foundation, and their work in the complex and diverse field of human immunology is notable for both its breadth and its depth. Patient-based research in the areas of cancer, infectious disease, allergy, inflammation, and autoimmunity are summarized. It is through clinical studies that findings in animal models make their way into the arsenal of treatments available for human patients, and this volume demonstrates the progress of translational research in human immunology. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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Exciting papers by leading researchers are integrated in this volume with presentations having direct clinical relevance: thus, the latest scientific advances in aging research are coupled with reports on how these advances are being applied to longevity medicine. Topics include oxidative stress, genetic/biochemical mechanisms, hormone therapy, nutrition, fitness, and exercise, all as they pertain to aging. In exploring the links between the latest basic gerontological research and the practice of longevity medicine, the current challenges faced by both scientists and clinicians engaged in combating aging and its consequences are presented here. This volume is readily accessible to the educated reader who is interested in learning more about how to reduce the negative impact of aging on human health and longevity. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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The second of two volumes, Thymosins in Health and Disease II, continues the exploration of the rapidly expanding area of research in thymosins—a family of proteins, with a broad set of biological properties and great clinical potential. In this volume, papers detail the important therapeutic implications of two thymosins: Thymosin α1 (Tα1) in relation to immunity, infectious diseases, and cancer, and the clinical and preclinical applications of Thymosin (Tβ4) in cardiovascular regeneration and wound healing. In addition, this volume covers some of the most current topics in thymosin research, including nuclear magnetic resonance imaging structural studies of thymosins, thymosin labeling, antibodies in thymosin research, and new methods for thymosin delivery. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For more information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit: http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.111/(ISSN)1749-6632 ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information on becoming a member.

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This volume stems from the conference "The Neurosciences and Music IV: Learning and Memory" held in Edinburgh, Scotland 9–12 June 2011. The volume focuses on four themes: infants and children; adult musicians and non-musicians; disabilities and aging-related issues; and therapy and rehabilitation. Manuscripts cover a range of topics, including the cultural neuroscience of music; memory and learning in music performance; the impact of musical experience on cerebral language processing; and mechanisms of rhythm and meter learning over the life span. The Neurosciences and Music IV will be of interest to not only to neuroscientists, psychologists, and students, but also to clinical neurologists and psychologists, educators, and musicologists. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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Carbohydrates are ubiquitous, essential molecules, as important as nucleic acids and proteins yet less well understood. Mounting data demonstrate that microbial and mammalian glycans and their protein-binding partners (lectins) play central roles in all innate and adaptive immune responses. Indeed, programmed remodeling of host glycans can modulate infection, autoimmunity, and cancer, while microbial glycoconjugates can serve as canonical innate receptor agonists that induce B cell and T cell activation. Glycobiology of the Immune Response explores the integration of state-of-the-art glycobiology and immunology to raise awareness of the multifaceted roles of glycans and lectins in the immune system NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.

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