Search results for ""Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd""

This book sheds new light on the political economy of public management reform. It examines the new forms of economic decentralization and macroeconomic adjustment, and discusses their implications for policy design and regulation.The authors discuss leading-edge research on public management reform, privatization and decentralization in both industrialized and aid-dependent countries, concentrating on the meso-level of institutional response. Combining theory, case studies and institutional analysis, they focus on issues including public/private partnerships, public finance and aid allocation. The authors also present new ideas on the design of a regulatory framework.This book will be welcomed by academics and researchers working in the fields of development studies, development economics, political economy and international public management as well as policymakers working for government agencies and NGOs in developing countries.

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The economic performance of many countries has deteriorated significantly during the last decade. The 1990s witnessed a global recession, the Mexican currency crisis and later, the Asian and Russian crises. The objective of full employment and price stability appears to be an illusory goal for many of the economies of the emerging global market system. This book offers new policy prescriptions from the post Keynesian perspective to achieve full employment without inflation. Paul Davidson and Jan Kregel - both world renowned economists - have selected papers that rigorously examine real world issues including: the challenge of attaining external balance with internal growth and employment speculation and volatile financial markets in the quest to achieve full employment without inflation the role of money in combating unemployment the role of institutions in stabilizing economies the advantages and disadvantages of the Euro and its implications in the world economy Keynes's plan to reform the international payments system in the post war era The book will be welcomed by economists, especially those interested in international economics, by politicians, policymakers and by all those concerned with global employment and inflation issues.

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This innovative book examines the concept of Eurogovernance and the parameters of public policy making in contemporary Europe. It argues that government and governance can only be understood from a multi-theoretical perspective and analyses the consequences of the challenge of regional interdependence for individual states, the European Union, and for Europe as a whole.In the first part, the authors introduce theories of public policy, the policy process and decision making. They then discuss Eurogovernance in the light of issues such as immigration, health policy, environment policy, eastward expansion of the European Union (EU), structural funding and defence policy. They find that there is no one correct way to analyse Europe's public policy and governance - the type of analysis changes according to its context. The authors also discuss the continuing hegemony exercised by the USA in, for example, security and defence issues, as well as economic management. Readers are also made aware of the dangers emanating from regions of instability, dangers which if not properly addressed may come to pose a threat to the grand designs of the architects of the EU's political and cultural destiny.This book will be essential reading for scholars of public policy and European studies.

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This book offers a new view suggesting that European integration has been driven by political rather than economic considerations. The author makes it clear that from the end of the Second World War any plan of economic or monetary cooperation in Europe was almost exclusively motivated by politics. He argues that the very foundation of the organization of Western Europe was based on preventing further conflict between France and the newly partitioned Germany. Specifically, Robert Lieshout analyzes the initial stages of European cooperation between 1947 and 1957. He demonstrates that European institutions usually associated with economic integration, such as the European Economic Community, were actually laid to achieve the political aim of reconciliation between France and Germany. The fact that the very reasons for establishing a more formal organization of Europe have changed, i.e. the re-unification of Germany in 1990, makes for an interesting conclusion on future developments in European integration.This book will be warmly welcomed by both academics and students interested in European integration, international political economy, history, international relations, European Studies and economics.

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In this controversial book Herman Daly, a leading commentator on the environment, offers lively criticism of existing work on ecological economics and the economics of ecology. The theme throughout the book is about changes in perspective, attitudes and policies required to avoid uneconomic growth - that is, the impoverishment that results when the environmental and social costs of growth exceed the benefits.Key issues addressed include: growth economics misunderstandings of thermodynamics economic development and population globalization money humans in the ecosystem. >This major new book will be of interest to economists, ecologists, environmentalists, public policy scholars and activists as well as social philosophers.

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Why is it that market instruments have not been used to their full potential in environmental policy? Using a public choice perspective, this book critically analyses the political economy of environmental policy with special emphasis on the role of powerful interest groups which have blocked the introduction of market instruments.Drawing on new case studies of market instruments, Dr Dijkstra examines the attitudes of interest groups and how they influence environmental policy. He discusses the preferences of shareholders and workers in the polluting industry, the environmental movement and the environmental bureaucracy. He then investigates the circumstances under which market instruments will have low or no probability of being accepted, assuming that they are welfare-maximizing.The Political Economy of Environmental Policy will be of interest to environmental and ecological economists, policymakers, political scientists and public choice scholars.

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The two most important forces affecting the world economy in the closing decades of the 20th century are globalization and privatization. While proceeding in parallel, these forces have nonetheless had significant interactions with one another, which are examined in this collection.

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This important and timely book is at the forefront of the increasing interest in regional competitiveness in the face of ever stronger global forces. Distinguished contributors discuss issues including the impact and implications of European expansion as well as developments in the Asia-Pacific region. They also examine the driving forces, backgrounds, obstacles and opportunities for regions to become powerful global players. This highly topical book contains a wealth of empirical material and is underpinned by a thorough investigation of the theory and methodology of policy strategies for the positioning of regions in the new global economy. It will be a major source of reference for scholars, policymakers, economic planners and institutions alike in the field of regional science.

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The 27 articles reprinted in this volume are among Peter Mieszkowski's most important contributions to public, urban and regional economics. Several of these pieces concern income distribution theory and policies for promoting equality in wages, housing and education.The first part of this book includes studies of labour markets, tax incidence and the distributive effects of trade unions and wage subsidies. Two important conclusions presented in these papers concern the local property tax: it is a tax on capital and it results in under-provision of local public goods.The second and third parts of the book address, respectively, the decentralization of cities and and tax reform. Issues discussed include: racial discrimination in housing markets, the design of land use regulation, the negative income tax, consumption taxes, and tax reform in transition countries, particularly Eastern European countries.These outstanding essays bring together, in an accessible form, the work of one of the most important scholars in the field of public finance and urban economics.

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This book examines the economy as an evolving entity and develops a new and coherent approach to the classification of economic systems. It demonstrates how the components of a decision-making system and the properties of a functioning economy are intrinsically linked. A well-functioning economy is shown to depend chiefly on 'correct' decisions. These in turn depend on an efficient decision-making system, an appropriate mix of markets, organizations and governments, and an optimal combination of the four enforcing mechanisms of a modern economic system: custom, command, competition and cooperation.Although this book is primarily about economics, non-economic considerations, including politics and ethics, are brought into the analysis. The most important decisions in life include choices between economic and non-economic issues. Hence, one of the aims of this book is to provide a conceptual framework to cope with these choices. The book also attempts to establish some plausible conditions for well-functioning economy and a 'just society'.This thoughtful book will be of interest to economists of economic theory and economic systems as well as policymakers in both the private and public sectors.

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a thoroughly revised, updated and extended third edition containing the most cited economists from 1984-1996 the only biographical dictionary of major economists to appear in any language provides critical information on over 1,000 living economists and some 500 deceased economists includes a country index and an index of major fields of work each of the more than 1,600 entries gives pertinent biographical data This major reference work has been thoroughly revised, updated and extended for the third edition. It is the only biographical dictionary of major economists to appear in any language. As an extensive and authoritative guide to economists both past and present who have made a substantial contribution to the subject, it provides biographical, bibliographical and critical information on over one thousand living economists and some five hundred deceased economists.Each of the entries gives pertinent biographical data, a select bibliography, an assessment of the economist's distinctive contribution and a listing of those critical studies important for an understanding of his or her work. One particularly useful aspect of the book is that the living entrants themselves provided data on what they believe to be their major contribution to economics, thus offering a unique self criticism of their work.The living economists have been selected by the objective method of identifying the most frequently cited economists in the social sciences citation index. The entrants are not confined to economists working in the English language but include all major economists on a worldwide basis. The book includes a country index as well as an index of major fields of work.

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Over the past four decades, Taiwan has achieved remarkable economic growth. In this important book, a distinguished group of contributors employs a comparative perspective to explore the reasons behind and the lessons to be learned from Taiwan's success. Included in the analysis is an insight into the strategy for economic development, the effectiveness of import substitution and the influence of foreign firms in Taiwan's development. The contributors also analyze the implications of development for income distribution and assess the effect of economic growth on inequality, female labor force participation and income mobility. The possibilities for a more even income distribution are then examined within the context of technological progress and a better education system. Finally, the authors explore the institutional foundation for industrialisation and the relationship between democratization and economic development in order to help explain Taiwan's extraordinary achievement.This book will be of great interest to scholars of Asian studies, development studies and international economics.

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During its comparatively short life as a set of institutions, the European Union (EU) has experienced rapid growth in size, remit and policy competence. In addition, the resulting analytical and factual literature has more than matched this growth. As Roger Levy notes, ’[a] visit to the institutions of the EU now requires a travel itinerary on the scale of the cultural tour once favoured by the aristocracy.'This valuable and detailed study provides, for the first time, a systematic empirical analysis of EU programme management in all of the main spending areas over a 20 year period. After setting out the management framework in each area, Roger Levy looks methodically at audit evidence to build up a comprehensive performance profile. The management of EU spending programmes is subject to almost continual media speculation about its propriety and efficiency. The unprecedented resignation of the Santer Commission en masse in March 1999 was a direct result of its management failures. Using up-to-date, original data, this valuable book provides an empirical antidote to much of the speculation which dominates this issue.This accessible analysis of the vast data available on this contentious area will prove invaluable reference to anyone studying the European Union, as well as European and national government officials, research organisations and pressure groups.

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This important book uses the most recent advancements in growth theory and case studies to examine the status of economic and political development at the turn of the 20th century. The book first provides an overview of the process of economic development in light of endogenous growth theory. The authors then explore the sources of economic development in East Asian countries, including the role of capital accumulation, international trade, pre-takeoff conditions and intersectoral relations. Pre war Japan is used as a case study to examine the role of industrial structure in accelerating economic development. The contributors then discuss the implications of economic development for income distribution in labor-absorbing economies and newly industrialized countries as well as examining household income distribution in Taiwan. Inequality is analyzed in the context of a developing country experiencing hyper-inflation. The influence of institutions, such as the Bretton Woods system, on developing countries' growth potential is also examined and case studies of Kenya, Uganda, and Sri Lanka are used to explore the role of politics and conflict in the process of economic development.The Political Economy of Comparative Development into the 21st Century will be essential reading for scholars of the economics and politics of development.

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There is a common assumption that immigrants contribute significantly to the breakdown of social cohesion. However, researchers and policymakers find that, on the contrary, immigrants contribute much to their adopted societies economically, socially, culturally and politically. This volume includes a variety of key works which explore this relationship between migration and social cohesion. The articles by some of the foremost writers in the field cover models and frameworks of immigrant incorporation, debates in multicultural policy, immigrant and ethnic minority political participation, citizenship, entrepreneurship and language and sociocultural adaptation.This authoritative collection will be of interest to students and professional researchers in sociology and anthropology, political science, cultural studies and migration and ethnic studies.

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For much of the twentieth century, rivalry existed between centrally planned and capitalist solutions to the problems of economic stability and growth. This changed in the 1990s. In that same decade, the period of rapid growth of the Japanese economy came to an end and by the close of the century, the American model of capitalism was seen as the only possible option.Modern capitalism has achieved spectacular rates of innovation and growth but the system is still menaced by financial crises and economic recessions. Furthermore, there is an unacknowledged diversity of capitalist systems. Contributors to this volume argue that to understand capitalism in evolution, this diversity of systems and approaches must be taken into account and their individual evolutions analysed.This book represents a major understanding of the evolution of capitalism in the twenty first century and brings together a distinguished group of experts with perspectives from America, Europe and Japan.

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Industry, Space and Competition rediscovers the contributions of the past on industrial organization and spatial economics and analyses these within the context of current movements towards globalization, regionalization and localization.It re-examines the work of von Thunen, Marshall, Weber and Perroux as well as re-assessing less well-known authors including Quesnay, George and Hearn whose contributions have previously been largely disregarded. The book analyses their contributions to spatial economics, industrial organization and economic geography within an historical context. The authors then go on to discuss related issues which are not strictly from the discipline of economics. Finally the authors propose that there should be more interaction with other disciplines including history and geography in order to gain a greater understanding of the subject.This book will be welcomed by historians of economic thought, regional economists, industrial economists, especially those interested in industrial organisation and competition, and scholars of international economics and economic geography.

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Is it possible for low-paid workers to obtain higher-paid jobs through upward mobility over time within the earnings distribution? Based on new empirical evidence from a number of European countries, the book focuses on earnings mobility, an issue that is of increasing concern to policymakers and governments throughout the world.The widening earnings dispersion which is developing in European labour markets has had the inevitable consequence of worsening the position of the poorer members of society. This book identifies those individual characteristics which affect upward mobility either by increasing or decreasing the probability of individual workers improving their chances of earning higher wages. The authors, including some of the leading labour economists in Europe, offer a comprehensive European perspective covering a total of thirteen countries. They shed new light on the way in which labour market incentives and institutions affect both the incidence and duration of low-paid employment.This book will be of interest to both academics with an interest in labour economics and policy makers throughout Europe.

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The central theme of this important book is that the knowledge on which business decisions are taken is limited and uncertain, and that the availability of this knowledge is affected by the nature of the market structure in place.G.B. Richardson argues that the accepted theoretical models of market economies are generally based on assumptions about the knowledge possessed by economic agents which are ill-specified and unrealistic. As a result these models fail to explain properly how the economy really works. He examines the availability to firms of the information they need, as a function of the market structure within which they operate. Neglect of this relationship, he maintains, has rendered invalid the currently prevailing accounts of how markets allocate resources, and new criteria are proposed for judging the efficiency of alternative market forms. The book offers a fresh analysis of competition and cooperation between firms and of the process of innovation.The Economics of Imperfect Knowledge will be welcomed by those interested in microeconomic theory, industrial organization and competition policy.

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Robert Eisner has made a seminal contribution to the development of macroeconomic analysis in the latter half of the twentieth century. This carefully edited selection of his essays traces the development of economic thought in the wake of the Keynesian revolution and offers a critique of the neoclassical contribution to economic analysis and major macroeconomic policy issues.Professor Eisner is fundamentally concerned with the determinants of employment and growth in a market economy. In this book, he provides a rigorous analysis of the permanent income hypothesis, the multiplier, interest rates, the liquidity trap, consumption and saving, depreciation, unemployment and growth models. He goes on to examine fiscal and monetary policy and the measurement and effects of budget deficits over the post-war period, challenging the view that budget deficits should necessarily be avoided. Professor Eisner also offers new measures of saving, investment and national income and product, which provide new insights into the economic factors affecting current welfare and future growth. Finally, he discusses the importance of full employment and criticises the idea that there is a natural rate of unemployment.

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Regionalism in the Asia-Pacific is a complex, diverse, highly contested and still rapidly evolving phenomenon. Crucial to an understanding of this phenomenon is the relationship between globalization and regionalization, between states, markets and civil society, and between US hegemony and Asian aspirations. This volume, the sequel to States, Markets and Civil Society in Asia Pacific, makes these interacting relationships the centrepiece of its analysis. It examines the multiple attempts at institutional innovation, especially over the last twenty years, by placing them in their geo-political, geo-economic and cultural contexts. ASEAN, the ASEAN Regional Forum, APEC, ASEAN+3, ASEM, sub-regional economic zones, KEDO, CSCAP and other organizations are surveyed not as ends in themselves but for what they tell us of shifting political, economic and normative trends in Asia-Pacific and beyond.Comparing and contrasting the roles of great and middle powers, of state and non-state actors, and of governmental and non-governmental regional organizations, this book will appeal to scholars with an interest in the political economy of the Asia-Pacific region, international relations, and regional and global governance. Regionalism in the New Pacific Order will be invaluable to policymakers, diplomats, business analysts, journalists, NGO representatives, and researchers with a stake in the future development of the Asia-Pacific region.

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This important book investigates the causes of the decline in public capital spending which has occurred in most OECD countries over the past 25 years, and estimates the macroeconomic consequences of this decline.Governments can improve the future living conditions of their citizens in various ways including stimulating private investment, increasing spending on education and health programmes, preserving the environment and adding to the stock of public capital. In Public Capital Spending in OECD Countries the author focuses on government investment in physical capital within a macroeconomic context. He examines the consequences of the decline in public investment on physical assets such as infrastructure and the environment. The past few years have witnessed a growing awareness that especially the stock of public capital has been neglected by many OECD governments. Such a reduction in public investment may lead to a decline in economic growth, and therefore it is vital that the fall in government spending is rigorously examined.Key features include:- a detailed and comprehensive review of existing literature. original empirical investigations using alternative techniques and different datasets. possible explanations for the trends in public capital spending. estimates of the effect of public capital spending on economic growth.

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This major annual publication is an authoritative state-of-the-art survey of current issues in environmental and resource economics written by the leading academics in the field.The discipline of environmental and resource economics has undergone a rapid evolution over the past three decades with the early literature focusing mainly on valuation, and the design of policy instruments to correct externalities and encourage optimal resource exploitation. In the past few years, the field has broadened its scope by making numerous links with other disciplines in economics as well as the natural and physical sciences. As a result there has been an explosion in the literature which has made it increasingly difficult to keep up with developments in the field. TheYearbook cuts through this by focusing on the principal issues of current interest. Considering both macroeconomic and microeconomic issues, this edition deals with environmental policy in economies in transition, green accounting, the impact of macroeconomic policies on the environment, the economics of fisheries management reactions to environmental policy within firms as well as means of incorporating uncertainty in environmental analysis and policy.The Yearbook will provide economists working in environmental and resource economics, as well as those who are interested in knowing more about the field, with a comprehensive overview of the main issues written by leading international scholars.

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Geoff Hodgson's innovative and important new book is about the future of economics as a viable discipline. It examines not only evolutionary economics but the development of economic theory during the twentieth century. The book reflects on the origins and consequences of the narrowing and increasing irrelevance of mainstream economics, suggesting that it will be inadequate to cope with the complex ideas of the new millennium.Geoff Hodgson analyses some of the attempts to redirect theoretical economics to real world issues. He proposes a move away from mathematical formalization, greater tolerance given to different approaches and the possibility of learning from other sciences especially biology. He suggests that the toleration of a plurality of theoretical approaches in economics - including institutional and evolutionary approaches - based on a common orientation towards real world economies is the best overall strategy for future theoretical advance.A unique and important contribution to our understanding, it will be welcomed by academics and researchers working in all fields of economics, especially evolutionary economics as well as by other social scientists.

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This book offers a comprehensive analytical comparison of the democratization process in twelve countries of East Central Europe and the Balkans. It characterizes the types of democratization which have occurred in the region from 1989 until the end of 1997 and sets these recent changes within the framework of the political history of the countries. Emerging Democracies in East Central Europe and the Balkans takes a unique look at the democratization process using evidence which is not readily available in the existing literature. It examines less well-known countries including Albania and Macedonia, and more complex countries such as Serbia. Atilla agh analyses the political, parliamentary and party developments from a comparative perspective both within the countries themselves and within the region as a whole. Considering all countries within the same theoretical framework, he also examines the long-term historical dimension and legacies of political culture. In addition, he analyses the goals of achieving Euro-Atlantic integration and the preparation of full membership to NATO and the European Union. Finally, he compares these new democracies with developments in Southern Europe and Latin America.This book will be welcomed by scholars and students of comparative politics and politics of emerging democracies as well as government officials and policymakers.

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Comparative Public Policy provides the first truly systematic and comprehensive account of the transformation of the post-war state in the advanced countries of the Western world. The author generates new research findings which show how the economic, social and political changes of the post-war era have reshaped modern public policy across the OECD region.Francis G. Castles examines the growth of big government and the emergence of the modern welfare state and identifies ways in which the role of the state has impacted on labour markets and such personal issues as home ownership, fertility and divorce. He explains why the trajectory of policy transformation has varied from country to country, with immediate post-war policy laggards sometimes becoming leaders, and erstwhile policy pioneers on occasions stagnating. This innovative book presents a wealth of background data and a huge range of new findings, covering 12 policy areas in 21 advanced industrialized countries over a period of more than three decades. Comparative Public Policy is essential reading for students and scholars who wish to understand the dynamics of contemporary social and political development.

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The study of the mass media has flourished over recent decades. Whereas media and communications have traditionally been studied via the lens of sociology or other non-economic disciplines, the perspectives and frameworks offered by economics are now properly recognised as central to our understanding of the organization and behaviour of the mass media - a fact reflected in this unique collection. As more and more economists have turned their attention to media firms and industries, a rich and diverse body of literature has emerged. The articles drawn together in this volume present a survey of the papers that have contributed in important ways to this developing field of enquiry.

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This important collection of previously published articles and papers, together with an original introduction by the editor, provides both a comprehensive overview of the subject and a more detailed examination of the issues. Topics covered include: the objectives and effectiveness of foreign exchange intervention; the portfolio-balance and expectations channel; new approaches to foreign exchange intervention; technical analysis, private information and game-theoretic models.

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This important book addresses the prospects for reconciling economic competitiveness with sustainable development. It shows that we cannot simply assume that changes in public attitudes, business policies and government regulation will guarantee the conditions for long-term ecological, social and economic sustainability.On the basis of new original case studies, the authors consider corporate environmental strategies, technological change and sustainable development as a social partnership between firms, citizens and government. They suggest that competitiveness must be considered as a dynamic process requiring proactive and reactive adjustments by business and government institutions all working towards sustainability.Sustainbility and Firms combines intellectual rigour with accessibility to communicate fundamental ideas to help policy decision-makers, enterprise managers, environmental scientists and economists grapple effectively with the problems of competitiveness, technological change, strategies of firms, governance and sustainable development.

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This book sheds new light on a major issue on the international trade policy agenda - the promotion and defence of competition in globalizing markets.The liberalization of cross-border flows of goods, services and capital that has occurred during the last decade has made competition increasingly important. The authors discuss multi-national approaches to competition policy in the WTO, European Union, the Americas, OECD, UNCTAD and CER. They investigate the policy responses to anti-competitive, cross-border business transactions and argue that a growing reliance on competition law is not in itself sufficient to promote competition in globalizing markets. They conclude that to achieve genuine competition in globalizing markets, policymakers must have a more comprehensive and coherent policy governed by agreed competition principles.

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This major four-volume collection brings together the key analytical contributions on the economies of Southeast Asia, countries which together have a population of more than 500 million people.This group of economies is of interest for a number of reasons. Firstly, they feature great diversity - Singapore has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, while several of the mainland Southeast Asian states are among the poorest. Brunei is a tiny oil sultanate, while Indonesia is the world's fourth largest nation. In addition, several of these economies have been consistently among the world's most open, while others are emerging from a long period of international commercial isolation. Thirdly, the group includes one sizeable country, the Philippines, which for reasons still only poorly understood has consistently under-performed compared to its potential. Four of the economies - Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand - grew extremely quickly in the three decades through to the recent Asian economic crisis. Lastly, the Asian economic crisis of 1997-98 particularly affected three of the countries - Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The factors explaining this sudden, and largely unanticipated, event are still only poorly understood.This comprehensive reference collection is essential reading for all those interested in the economic performance of these economies.

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This three-volume compendium reproduces all the key texts on the welfare state - its rise and fall, its varying rationales and instrumentalities, its different forms in different periods and different places. Political history and social theory are interspersed with sociology and economics, and neo-liberal analyses sit alongside socialist and feminist ones, making for an invigorating blend of opposing perspectives. Anglo-American experiences are contrasted not just with those of Germany and Scandinavia but also with Japan and Taiwan, Italy and Hungary, Australia and South Asia, thus highlighting the many distinct styles of welfare states and the distinctive social, economic, political and cultural forces driving them. The juxtaposition of all the standard texts alongside many others which are deeply revealing but virtually unknown makes this an indispensable reference source for all serious students of the welfare state.

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Ecosystems and Nature brings together the work of leading authorities in biodiversity research. It provides readers with a broad interdisciplinary perspective on the major issues in biodiversity, including economics, natural science, management and ethics.The collection is divided into four main sections: part I introduces some fundamental scientific and socio-economic concepts and analysis in order to illustrate the complexities involved in the human-ecosystems interface; part II deals with the valuation of ecosystems with special emphasis on the main biomes, faults, wetlands, marine systems, grasslands and agriculture; part III covers the problem of value appropriation and the relevant constraints and available policy instruments; the final section focuses on the difficult ethical issues that surround utilization and conservation of biodiversity.

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Modern theory has greatly influenced our reading of the history of economics. This third volume of Negishi's essays gathers together some of his most significant contributions to this subject, drawing as much from seminal works as from material now rarely obtainable.These essays reconsider economic thought in the light of modern theory, from Smith to Marx, and from Marshall to Keynes. Takashi Negishi discusses contributions made both in classical school and marginal revolution literature which are still significant to modern economic theory, and those heralding from Japan which have lacked exposure in the West.This volume will appeal not only to scholars in the history of economic thought, but more generally will interest those economists who are unsatisfied with the current state of economics.

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Science and innovation plays an increasingly important role in the growth of economies throughout the world. This two volume collection of previously published articles seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of this key area of the global economy.The first volume presents important material on scientific knowledge, including property rights and reward structures to the productivity of scientists. In the second volume, the role of science in industry and the commercialization of science are discussed, together with an examination of the economic effects of R&D in terms of investment and gain, both for individual companies and national economies. The final section discusses whether public policies to control scientific growth are either necessary or desirable.

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This book examines corporate strategies which are driving the processes of globalization. These strategies are evolving under the influence of national policies and of various patterns of cooperation between governments. The authors study the effects of different policy environments on the management of corporate operations. The interdependencies between countries are analysed as determinants of policies, with efforts to assess ways in which the activities of firms affect those interdependencies. Attention is given to the structural consequences of corporate strategies for decision makers shaping fiscal, monetary, financial, trade, industrial, foreign direct investment and competition policies. The authors aim to identify requirements and opportunities for cooperation between firms and governments, across borders and sectors. Concerted entrepreneurship and collaborative policy making are advocated.

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Throughout the formerly communist world a single party monopoly has been replaced by multi-party politics and competitive elections. Drawing on the most recent work of the leading specialists in modern Russian politics, this path-breaking volume marks a decisive advance in our understanding of the relationships between voters, political parties and the conduct of the government in what is still the world's largest country.Issues addressed include: the effects of the electoral system and of electoral campaigns regional dimensions of party support parties in the state Duma and the uncertain evolution of a post-communist party system< the turnout of voters for elections leader popularity and party development ideological divisions and party-building the divisions between the left and right Written in a clear, accessible style, this book links developments in Russia to general themes in political science, and especially to other post-communist countries. It will be welcomed by scholars and students of the development and transformation of post-communist politics, and by a wider readership in comparative politics.

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Valuing Environmental Benefits brings together Maureen Cropper's work on methods for valuing environmental benefits, especially health benefits, as well as analyses of the benefits implicitly attached to human health and ecosystems by environmental regulations.Beginning with a survey of the field of environmental economics (written with Wallace E. Oates), the book includes papers on valuing health benefits, valuing environmental amenities, and the political economy of environmental regulation. The author's analyses of mortality benefits include both theoretical work and empirical studies of the value citizens attach to life saving programs. Studies of morbidity benefits include previously unpublished work on the value of preventing chronic heart and lung disease. Section two of the book focuses on the use of hedonic methods for valuing urban amenities. The book concludes with statistical analyses of factors influencing US environmental regulations in the areas of pesticide control, toxic substances and superfund cleanups.

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This volume contains the most significant and still timely articles on urban economics, metropolitan and regional planning, real-estate economics and housing written by the noted urban economist Anthony Downs over the past four decades. The book has a new autobiographical introduction outlining Downs's extensive experience as a real estate and urban affairs consultant and policy analyst for hundreds of private firms and government bodies since 1959.The articles in this book set forth fundamental policy analyses concerning all of the major elements of urban policy. Written in Downs's exceptionally clear and compelling style they focus on the space-related dimensions of urban affairs, ranging from traffic congestion to telecommunications, education, and housing, with additional analyses of key aspects of real estate finance. Together, these essays form a veritable handbook of how to conduct urban policy analysis in many fields. The analysis and conclusions are directly relevant to the urban problems which are intensifying throughout the world today.This important book will be an essential companion to scholars and students of housing, urban planning, transport, regional science and real estate, it will also be useful to policymakers and government officials.

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This volume, together with a new original introduction, contains the most significant of Anthony Downs's essays written over the past four decades on politics and political theory. The articles address issues such as democracy, public choice theory, rational political decision making and political policy. As such this will be an ideal companion to his famous book An Economic Theory of Democracy. In this collection, Anthony Downs shows how a rational analyst can apply common sense and the lessons of practical experience to the most fundamental and difficult aspects of the political theory of democracy. Written in easily accessible language, Downs' analysis of political behaviour in a democracy and specifically the public choice view is applied to many aspects of democratic politics including cycles of political attention to specific issues, and the long term evolution of democracy.This book will prove invaluable to academics and students of politics, democracy, and public choice theory.

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This comprehensive collection of previously published material traces the development of thought and research on land use and urban policy over the past 100 years.Through carefully selected readings, Environment, Land Use and Urban Policy charts the evolution of modern urban planning, the development of public health and the survival of the city. Key papers on planning theory and modelling form the heart of the collection together with the debates over rationality, the scientific method, social organization, Marxism and the politics of planning.

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This challenging book extends standard economic theory to take into account the presence of heterogeneity among economic agents. It argues for an approach to economic analysis which regards the economy as an interactive system with heterogeneous agents and not simply a system which treats aggregates as some 'representative' individual.The authors consider that no sector of the economy can be treated as behaving like a single individual and each sector should be modelled as a complex interactive system. They apply this approach to many macro- and micro- analyses including monetary policy and firms, technological innovation and the insider-outsider model. In conclusion the authors find that this approach proves much more fruitful in explaining empirical phenomena than much of the existing theory. The result of this approach to economic theory which encompasses many realistic features, provides a vision of the economy which is not at odds with common sense, but which does not abandon rigorous analysis.This important book will be welcomed by those interested in both macro and micro economic theory.

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Policy Analysis and Public Choice is an important selection of articles written by William A. Niskanen over the last thirty years. The volume represents two quite different disciplines to which Niskanen has made a major contribution: policy analysis and public choice. It also includes his major essays on proprietary studies as well as many of his professional papers written for an academic audience.Part I details Niskanen's important contribution to policy analysis. The diverse topics discussed include: defence spending and resource allocation, trade policy, crime and drug policy, and welfare and the culture of poverty. Part II is concerned with public choice and political economy, in particular the liberal economic order, bureaucracy, democratic government and progressive taxation. The volume also includes an autobiographical summary focusing on the complementary nature of his work on policy analysis and public choice, and a number of commentaries that reflect Niskanen's unique professional background and perspective. Policy Analysis and Public Choice will be of special interest to those interested in public choice, public policy, political economy and political science.

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This three volume set offers an extensive collection of the most significant articles which investigate the foundations of past and current thinking on regulatory economics. The papers cover more than 150 years of contributions to the subject and range from the earliest discussions of controlled markets to some very recent developments. The emphasis of the volumes is on historical, conceptual and empirical studies of regulation: Volume I is devoted to the origins and development of regulatory theory and practice; Volume II examines contemporary theories of regulation; and Volume III addresses issues related to regulation and deregulation and offers some empirical studies of the effects of regulation in past and present markets.In addition to a comprehensive guide to the articles included in his selection, the editor has also written a scholarly introduction, which provides the reader with a short history of the development of ideas on regulatory economics and the establishment of institutions connected with regulation.

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After more than twenty years of orthodox economic policy in Europe the scourge of unemployment remains. This impressive book goes beyond the neoclassical theory of employment and develops sound policy guidelines to tackle the global problem of unemployment.Employment, Technology and Economic Needs provides the latest thinking on issues of employment, unemployment and economic policy. The book is explicitly interdisciplinary in scope and international in coverage, including European and US country case studies. Its authors include economists, management scientists, sociologists and economic geographers. Together they provide the most comprehensive analysis to date of the problems of unemployment and poor economic performance from a broadly institutional and evolutionary perspective. The book reports the latest academic research, whilst clearly documenting the implications for public policy. The authors discuss the effectiveness of policy prescriptions such as negative income taxes, the International Labour Organization agenda, a fiscal system based on eco-taxation, a reduction of working time, and developing a 'corporatist' system as a means to develop employment opportunities. Written in an accessible style, this book will be vital reading for all those interested in the fields of employment, technology, and macroeconomic and industrial policy. It will also be of interest to anyone concerned with economic policy issues and human welfare.

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Differences in technology between countries and the effect of this on trade performance have important consequences for the growth and development of countries. This book analyses the role of innovation in influencing the trade performance of developed countries. It presents an up-to-date systematic empirical evaluation of the role of technology in a group of key industrialized economies and integrates differences in technology into the debate about European Union and country convergence in general.The book will be welcomed by scholars and students of industrial economics, the economics of technology change and international trade.

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This book represents the full spectrum of Alan Walters's contribution to economics over thirty years, from academic debate to close involvement in British policy making. It includes not only his earlier contributions to applied monetary economics but also his work on political economy which generated much interest following his appointment as economic adviser to Margaret Thatcher. The volume charts the development of Alan Walters's thinking on money, monetary policy and macroeconomics. It makes special reference to his work on the demand for money and the money multiplier, money and the business cycle and the political economy of money. The book opens with an introduction by Kent Matthews in which he provides an overview of Alan Walters's work in the context of the so-called 'monetarist counter-revolution'. He also offers an introductory discussion on each of the essays, which include: the quantity theory of money, consistent expectations, the time lag effects of money, supply-side policies, foreign exchange rates and anti-inflation policies. These essays offer important policy prescriptions, some of which are particularly timely in the light of increasing European economic and monetary integration.The Economics and Politics of Money will be welcomed by business and government as well as professional economists, social scientists and researchers interested in monetary economics and political economy.

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Economists need to understand some fundamental aspects of science in order to measure and analyse the process of technological change. This book explores the interrelationships between economics, science and technology in order to find ways of improving economists' approaches to technical change. Dr Payson begins by offering a scientific critique of economic discourse and presents a unique, unconstrained and critical view of the behavioral differences between economists and scientists. The economic literature on technological change is analysed in order to assess economists' approach to science. The author then offers concrete solutions for the useful economic study of technological change including alternative methods of classifying data based on scientific principles, a characteristics approach to measuring physical capital, and a futuristic exploration into how artificial intelligence may improve economics.

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