Search results for ""Author Hiroto S Watanabe""

This edited volume presents six chapters detailing recent progress in the field of cancer research. Chapter One discusses the current information available regarding chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, including definition, prevalence, pathophysiology at nerve fibres, risk factors, physiology of specific antineoplastic agents on the peripheral nervous system, signs and symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and treatment methods. Chapter Two aims to substantiate the value of tumour-associated circulating and tissue miRNAs for assessing both the aggressiveness of the malignant process course and the sensitivity to neoadjuvant polychemotherapy (NPCT) in breast cancer patients of various molecular subtypes. Chapter Three summarizes the current role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in cell aging, its dual functions in the balance of proliferation and apoptosis pathways and the current knowledge of not only the physiological but also the pathophysiological missions of NF-κB and its potential role as a target of therapeutic intervention against breast cancer. Chapter Four deals with 5-aminolevulinic acid radio-dynamic therapy for treatment of high-grade gliomas. Chapter Five presents a literature review to identify the possible role of sex hormone receptors in gender variation and sexual dimorphism in the genesis and progression of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Lastly, Chapter Six discusses the risk factors, diagnostic modalities, and outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the second most common primary hepatobiliary malignancy.

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In Horizons in Cancer Research. Volume 76, the molecular drivers associated with prostate cancers at different stages which can be exploited as drug targets are discussed. This information will be useful for designing rational targeted therapeutic strategies for treatment of this disease. Following this, the authors discuss lung cancer early diagnosis with traditional and alternative approaches. In lung cancer, smoking exposure has been identified as the main causative agent in smokers. A critical appraisal of the different updated techniques in the mediastinal staging of lymph nodes in lung cancer is provided. The authors also provide an overview of colorectal cancer and Ca2+ signalling in cells, focusing their discussion on a specific component of the Ca2+ signalling machinery, the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 channel. Breast cancer, a serious public health problem, is assessed, maintaining that women need accurate and effective information in order to attain early diagnosis. Lastly, a simple technique to decreases cell-culture pH while maintaining sterile technique is described.

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The opening chapter of this compilation extensively reviews scientific literature analyzing new molecular targets, ongoing research and future perspectives in the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, a rare group of pathologically and clinically heterogeneous tumors. The significance of PI3K pathway components in lung cancer progression are highlighted, as well as possible therapeutic targets that can be explored in an effort to control the disease. Following this, the authors assess the contributions of flavin-containing monooxygenases 3 along with cytochrome P450 enzymes in Bu metabolic pathways, and analyze their effects on Bu kinetics. The role of the pro-tumorigenic cytokines and the significance of dysregulated notch signaling in the progression of colonic inflammation and carcinogenic transformation is also discussed. The current concepts of nutritional oncology in head and neck cancer patients are revised through a systematic literature search. Significant malnutrition has been reported due to several factors, such as a reduced dietary intake due to dysphagia and odynophagia, or catabolic factors secreted by the head and neck tumors. Lastly, an overview of cervical cancer screening around the world is provided. In the United States, a combination of HPV-testing and cytology method, the HPV-test-alone, and cytology-alone are widely performed.

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Volume 72 discusses the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumours, including classic Ewing's sarcoma of the bone, extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma and malignant peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour of both bone and soft tissue. The following chapter discusses Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the base of the tongue, particularly its diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, the authors examine dual proteasome and histone deacetylase6 inhibitor, dual MDM2 and histone deacetylase inhibitor, and dual bromodomain-containing protein 4 and histone deacetylase inhibitor. The authors go on to examine the genes and proteins involved in mitosis that are proposed as candidates for biomarkers in different types of cancer (colon, lung, prostate, breast and ovarian, among others). The penultimate chapter reviews the published evidence of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer risk reduction. The recommended patient populations for the use of aromatase inhibitors, expected benefits, adverse effects and monitoring parameters are addressed. The transcription factor and chromatin structure-related aspects of cancer treatment are the focus of the final chapter.

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This edited volume presents seven chapters detailing recent progress in the field of cancer research. Chapter One explores the application of robotic surgery to radical cystectomy, highlighting patient selection, surgical approach, perioperative and oncologic outcomes as well as some areas of controversy in the literature. Chapter Two describes the principles of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy procedures with its potential risks for patients and staff. Chapter Three discusses findings related to ISG15 and protein ISGylation, and their association with interferon signaling in cancer. Chapter Four describes the potential for MCF-7 cells to curb or counteract breast cancer. Chapter Five discusses the potential of emerging technologies in breast conserving treatment. Chapter Six reviews the current literature surrounding the basis of employing the immune system for the treatment of the various non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), discusses approved immunotherapies for each type of NMSC as well as indications for use, and synthesizes ongoing investigational studies of immunomodulatory agents for these diseases. Finally, Chapter Seven discusses the use of gene therapy in management of squamous cell carcinoma.

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This compilation includes details about recent innovations in the field of cancer treatment as well as best practices for managing the disease in various forms. The first chapter deals with the potential anticancer properties of the plant Trigonella foenum-graecum, also known as fenugreek. Following this, the authors provide clinically relevant information on physical therapy for women with breast cancer as well as targeted therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Then, the authors discuss the evolution of the field of systematic therapy for urothelial cancer, which ranges from chemotherapy to immune checkpoint inhibitor use. The final chapter highlights the chemo-preventive efficacy of phytochemicals in modulating the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of cancer.

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In Horizons in Cancer Research. Volume 73, after the identification of some small subgroups with a strong biological-molecular identity, the current evidence regarding the prognostic factors of patients with non-eradicable metastatic disease are examined. The goal is to discuss disease subgroups, which may sometimes provide conditions for decisions that are less compliant with current clinical practice and help define new stratification criteria for patients enrolled in prospective studies. Following this, the authors summarize the current knowledge on breast cancer with an introduction on the traditional markers used in the diagnosis of this disease, followed by an account of the emerging markers. Next, the underlying mechanisms of DNA replication, damage and repair are discussed. Further, RAD51 is proposed as a potential means of managing chemoresistant cancers. Certain drugs and strategies can sensitize chemotherapy via impacting on RAD51, which can be developed as chemotherapy modulators. The authors also discuss multiple myeloma, an incurable malignant tumor of plasma cells of the bone marrow, which is the most common primary neoplasm arising in bone. It causes approximately 1% of cancer-related deaths and is the 2nd most common hematological malignancy in the western world. Later, this collection discusses the prevalence and types of infectious complications that patients with multiple myeloma face, as well as present and emerging therapeutic approaches. The concluding study indicates proteins that have a promising future as new anticancer drugs, in conjunction with the in vitro and/or in vivo effects of these bioactive proteins derived from plants.

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Volume 75 analyses the strategic actions taken by the UK in the fight against cancer, reviewing the key investments and funding made available in the country. Following this, the authors discuss how efficient targeting of thioredoxin with compounds and proper knowledge of their mechanism of action may be an efficacious therapeutic intervention for cancer. This compilation goes on to xplore the otologic complications secondary to radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer cases to provide a clinical perspective on this issue. An extensive review of the published studies about metastatic colorectal cancer kinetics and changes of growth curves under the pressure of pharmacological treatments is presented, and variables related to tumor cell kinetics derived from radiologic evaluations are discussed. The authors propose a new post treatment cancer care involving the systemic administration of nanomolar concentrations of drag-reducing polymers that aims to avoid metastasis following cancer surgery. A study is carried out to compare the molecular mechanism of cytochrome P450 enzyme family members on breast cancer, as well as to compare the distinct biological processes with each other. This compilation closes with a guide for researchers concerning preserving the heterogeneity of breast cancer cell lines in terms of either isolation, selection or culture method models in order to understand the limitations of various methods.

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