Search results for ""Author Eleanor H Bennington""

Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 18 opens with a chapter reviewing the literature regarding the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and iloprost treatment, either alone or in combination, on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ductus arteriosus is a fetal circulatory pathway which helps to redirect blood flow to the placenta in the fetus and spontaneously closes shortly after birth. The clinical and laboratory features of isolated patent ductus arteriosus are reviewed, along with indications for closure, methods of closure, and results. The authors briefly summarize the unique and role of chloride in the treatment of cardiovascular patients, particularly heart failure patients, and present a series of case vignettes of cardiovascular patients undergoing practical use of this agent. Next, the timing of symptomatic infarct swelling after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment is evaluated. To carry out this evaluation, 14,868 patients with acute ischemic stroke were retrospectively analyzed from a stroke registry data-bank. An additional study assesses whether serum lipid levels are associated with the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke after receiving intravenous thrombolysis. The coronary characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke are also studied by way of coronary computed tomographic angiographies carried out in 349 patients with stroke and 349 age- and sex-matched patients without stroke. The coronary calcium scores and the prevalence of significant stenosis and high-risk plaque between the groups are compared. This compilation also studies subclinical coronary artery disease in low to intermediate risk patients through coronary computed tomographic angiographies carried out in 744 patients, measuring the coronary calcium scores and the prevalence of significant stenosis and high-risk plaque. The coronary characteristics in patients with chronic kidney disease are similarly examined. The concluding study evaluates the impact of intermittent fasting on cerebrovascular disease, revealing differences in stroke patterns during Ramadan between the fasting and non-fasting groups.

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Atrial fibrillation is initiated by triggers in combination with underlying atrial substrate. Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 17 discusses how innovations in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging techniques, especially late gadolinium enhancement imaging, have advanced our ability to better understand and accurately identify fibrosis in the atrial myocardium of atrial fibrillation patients. According to the nephron number hypothesis, individuals born with kidneys with fewer nephrons would be at increased risk for hypertension and renal disease later in life. Evidence supporting a role for preterm birth itself as a programming risk factor come from observations demonstrating that the degree of prematurity impacts the severity of hypertension or renal dysfunction observed later in life, indicating a dose-response effect of preterm birth. As such, the authors review this effect in the context of consequences for the mother after pregnancy as well as individuals born during premature labor. This compilation goes on to discuss venous thromboembolism, a spectrum of disease that includes both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Venous thromboembolism affects 950,000 patients every year and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare clinical entity resulting in partial or complete duodenal obstruction due to compression of the third part of the duodenum. Symptoms will vary depending on the severity, but can be very debilitating. The authors discuss the diagnosis of this rare condition, as well as treatment options. Next, the surgical anatomy of the superior mesenteric artery is schematized through a subdivision in three segments, each with a different method for surgical dissection, for a better understanding of its surgical anatomy. The final chapter focuses on the current development of zebrafish models for the screening for cardiotoxic and cardioprotective agents. The administration of endocrine disruptors, cigarette smoke, acrylamide, phthalates and phosphate, heavy metals, inoculation infectious agent, alcohol, surgery and laser light radiations are the major cause of cardiotoxicity in zebrafish.

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This monograph comprises seven chapters, each detailing recent advancements in the field of cardiovascular research. Chapter One describes the various benefits that progesterone has on the cardiovascular system. Chapter Two aims to describe congenital heart disease in well-characterised syndromes and update the possible causes of genetic origin. Chapter Three aims to update and review the hemodynamic evaluation and percutaneous intervention in congenital heart disease. Chapter Four is focused on the evaluation and treatment of intermediate coronary plaque. Chapter Five presents a review of the literature on the field of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and analyses several factors regarding the management of such cases. Chapter Six aims to identify predictors of the vulnerability and assessment in dynamics of the morphology of coronary plaques in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Finally, Chapter Seven reports on the case of a patient with rheumatic heart disease who underwent double valve replacement and incidentally was diagnosed with emphysematous pyelonephritis during his post-operative course in the hospital.

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Volume 19 studies the binding capabilities of cariprazine, clozapine, risperidone, olazapine, quentiapine, ziprazidone, aripirazole, haloperidol, blonanserin, iloperidone, eticlopride, amisulpride and nemonapride. The comprehensive understanding of the molecular-level mechanisms of drug-induced side effects associated with cardiovascular diseases is of paramount importance for the effective management of schizophrenia. Thoracic aortic surgery has undergone major changes in the last two decades, resulting in more favourable short- and long-term outcomes. Better understanding of underlying pathologies, re-definition of guidelines and classifications, and the evolution of diagnostics, intraoperative techniques, postoperative care and post-discharge outpatient follow-up have collectively contributed to this success. The authors summarize the cornerstones of this evolvement. The various features of the different systems and devices for complete closure of the patent foramen ovale tunnel are described, highlighting findings that are useful for interventional cardiologists. Lastly, the inter-core laboratory variability of qualitative comparative analysis parameters is assessed in comparison to the intra-core laboratory variability in a randomized controlled trial evaluating drug-eluting stents.

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Volume 20 first explores preventive cardiology, a new subspecialty in cardiovascular medicine, discussing how it is possible to modify lifestyle and coronary risk factors well in advance of clinical events. The authors describes an approach to echocardiography of the aortic arch for reliable demonstration of the arch segments while reducing confounding from a patent ductus arteriosus. This compilation goes on to discuss intravascular ultrasound, which complements the conventional angiographic study and allows for the acquirement of high definition images of arteries for the evaluation of atheroma plaques. Additionally, a brief presentation of the X-ray angiography image processing methods is provided. The perioperative use of dexmedetomidine in cardiac surgery, specifically its role in early extubation, delirium management, and reducing morbidity is assessed. Evidence-based treatments for secondary prevention of ischemic heart diseases are described, including the use of antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins, as well as lifestyle modifications. The authors propose that the assessment of renal function in patients with heart failure is very important because it can reflect their hemodynamic status and provide a better prognostic score. The authors describe some of the common drug-related problems in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as well as their consequences, so as to identify patients who may be at risk and review several interventions designed to limit their occurrence. The closing study discusses how, to further evaluate for an aortic dissection, additional official radiologic studies likely need to be obtained to aid in diagnosis and operative planning.

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