Search results for ""Author E. Lipinski""

These are the proceedings of a conference held in Brussels in 1986 to commemorate the 2400 years of Carthage, founded in 814/3 B.C. according to the tradition reported by Timaeus. The eighteen papers, reproduced with illustrations, ample footnotes, and annexes, deal therefore with Carthage and its spiritual heritage, from the time of its foundation to the Roman period, attention being also paid to ancient sources in Arabic. Archaeology, epigraphy, religious history, topography, art history are all taken into account. Besides, the volume contains the indices to Studia Phoenicia I-VI.

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The framework of this history of the Kingdom of Israel is based on information provided by epigraphic sources. They show that the religion and the ethnic identity of Israel connect traditions of semi-nomadic tribes of the Cisjordanian highland with conceptions and practices of pastoralists living in Transjordan, Midian, Negeb, and Sinai. They are known as Shasu in Egyptian texts, which provide the earliest written sources. The book is divided in six chapters. The first one deals with the proto-history of Israel in the second millennium B.C., starting with the mention of the Joseph-El and Simeon tribes in the Egyptian Execration texts of the 19th-18th centuries B.C. Jacob-El, Reuben, and Israel appear somewhat later, as well as the Shasu of the Yahwe-El area in Northern Sinai. The figure of Moses is related to this region and dates presumably from the second half of the 12th century B.C., when starts the period of the Judges. Graeco-Aegean Philistines settled in Canaan in the late 12th century were a serious menace to the confederation of Israelite tribes whose elders decided ca. 980 B.C. to adopt a royal government system. The first king was Saul, followed by his son Ishbaal. The unsettled period of David’s and Solomon’s reigns (ca. 960-927 B.C.) still belongs to the transition period from tribal confederacy to monarchy, continued by wars between Israel and Judah and by internal troubles. This is examined in chapter II. Chapter III deals with the dynasty of Omri, which ruled from ca. 882 to 749 B.C., a period documented also by Moabite, Neo-Assyrian, and Aramaic inscriptions which show that Jehu belonged to an Omride side-branch and that Jehoram and Ahaziah were killed by Aramaeans at the battle of Ramoth Gilead (841 B.C.), not by Jehu or his men. The rule of the Omrides was followed by a restless period and by Assyrian invasions ending with the annexation of the country to the Assyrian Empire and deportations of some of its elite, as presented in chapter IV. Since monotheism goes to the hearth of Israelite self-understanding, chapter V examines the religion of Israel, characterized by the cult of El, whose identity was specified by the full name Yahwe-El. A certain continuity of the Israelite political entity appears in the Persian period with Samarian governors, often members of the Sanballat lineage, as proposed in chapter VI.

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The first comparative grammar of the Semitic languages, by H. Zimmern, was published a hundred years ago and the last original work of this kind was issued in Russian in 1972 by B.M. Grande. The present grammar, designed to come out in the centenary of the completion of Zimmern's work, fills thus a gap. Besides, it is based on both classical and modern Semitic languages, it takes new material of these last decades into account, and situates the Semitic languages in the wider context of Afro-Asiatic. The introduction briefly presents the languages in question. The main parts of the work are devoted to phonology, morphology, and syntax, with elaborate charts and diagrams. Then follows a discussion of fundamental questions related to lexicographical analysis. The study is supplemented by a glossary of linguistic terms used in Semitics, by a selective bibliography, by a general index, and by an index of words and forms. The book is the result of twenty-five years of research and teaching in comparative Semitic grammar.

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The present work is conceived as a companion volume to the author's Semitic Languages. Outline of a Comparative Grammar. Its purpose is to show the birth and development of Semitic linguistics in broad lines, but also to pay a closer attention to languages which have played a minor role in the Comparative Grammar, while they are actively studied at present, viz. Middle Aramaic, Mandaic, Neo-Aramaic. Suggestions are also made for a renewed research on some conjugation forms in Old Aramaic, Classical Hebrew, Ugaritic, Epigraphic Southern Arabian, also Beja, whose links with Semitic are stronger than often assumed. Attention is paid to the existence of a "continued" aspect beside the "performed" one and the "not (yet) performed", also to the relations between Old Egyptian and Semitic, especially in the question of the correspondence of the consonants in earlier periods. Finally, the traces of an ergative grammatical system are underscored, not only in Semitic, but even more in Libyco-Berber, the Afro-Asiatic phylum which is nearest to Semitic, and closer attention is paid to research in the field of Proto-Semitic roots, apparently monosyllabic.

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The history of Canaan in the Iron Age is generally written from the perspective of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. The scope of this book is to inverse this relation and to focus on "the skirts of Canaan", while regarding the "United Monarchy" and the "Divided Monarchy" as external and sometimes marginal players of the regional history. After having examined the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the mid-12th century B.C., the book deals thus with the Philistines and the role of Egypt in Canaan during Iron Age II, especially in the face of the Assyrian expansion. It treats further of the Phoenicians and the Aramaeans. There follow five chapters on Bashan, Gilead, Ammon, Moab, and Edom with the Negeb. Several indices facilitate the consultation of the work on particular topics.

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These proceedings of the conference held in Leuven from the 14th to the 16th of November 1985 contain thirty studies dealing with various aspects of the Phoenician civilization and its expansion around the Eastern Mediterranean in the first millenium B.C. Contributions referring to a geographic area, like Anatolia, the Aramaic world, the trade between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, Cyprus, Greece, alternate with studies referring to the cult of Phoenician deities in the region concerned: Tanit, Resheph, Baal Saphon, Heracles. Other papers deal with Phoenician artefacts, institutions, or economic activities, as well as with Phoenician history according to Greek classical or Hellenistic authors. On the whole, the volume constitutes an up-to-date description of the Phoenician culture spreading in the East Mediterranean world from the beginning of the first millenium B.C. and having a lasting impact on the civilization of the countries involved.

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These proceedings of the conference held in Brussels to mark the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Institute of Archaeology Queen Elisabeth of Belgium at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem contains ten substantial studies dealing with the archaeology and history of the Land of Israel and its cultural milieu in biblical times. The main purpose of the conference, stressed in the title of the volume, was to show the rich variety of civilizations that met in this region and influenced its culture. The impact of Bronze Age Palestine, Syria, Egypt, the Philistines, the Persians, the Hellenistic Seleucids, and of course the Hebrew kingdoms of Israel and Juda, made the Land of Israel indeed to a cross-road of civilizations.

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Ce livre vise à identifier divers toponymes et gentilices bibliques, en majorité extérieurs au Canaan, et à les situer dans un contexte historique dont ils sont généralement privés dans la Bible. Ils apparaissent souvent dans des listes, qui peuvent aussi contenir des noms de personnages importants, mêlés à des noms de lieu. Les chapitres successifs passent ainsi en revue les listes de «Fils de Canaan», de «Fils de Misrayim», de «Fils d'Aram», de «Fils d'Abraham et de Qetura», de «Fils d'Ismaël», de «Fils de Kush», de «Fils de Yoqtan», localisés généralement au Yémen. La visite de la reine de Saba s'inscrit dans ce cadre. L'origine de Zabulon et de Nephtali est ensuite examinée, ainsi que le sens ou la localisation des toponymes Bethléem, Téman, Téma, Hagar, etc. L'usage des noms de Tanis, Hanès, Saïs et Put dans la Bible est ensuite passé en revue. Le texte original de la notice sur l'assassinat de Sennachérib et des récits relatifs à la capitale moabite est ensuite reconstitué à la lumière de la version des Septante. Un chapitre est consacré aux figures de Gog/Gygès et de Tugdamme/Lygdamis, tandis qu'un autre traite des régions de la Mésopotamie septentrionale, dont le nom est défiguré dans la Bible; il s'agit du pays de Shupriya, de Kulimmer et d'Izal. Viennent ensuite les Îles d'Ulysse, Kub et Pul, qui est l'Apulie, tandis que Lakish et son sanctuaire de Yaho-Roi font l'objet du dernier chapitre. L'ouvrage relève plusieurs tiqqune soferim datables de la fin de l'époque perse ou de la période hellénistique. Il est complété de plusieurs index.

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A large number of Aramaic inscriptions from the 9th century B.C. to the 3rd century A.D. are revisited in this fourth volume of Studiees. After the stele of Tel Dan, the epitaph of Kuttamuwa from Zincirli, and the inscription found at Tepe Qalaichi, Aramaic dockets from Dur-Katlimmu are re-examined, distinguishing a court ruling concerning theft, agreements regarding mortgage, guarantee, indemnity, barley and silver loans, and the particular nsk-loan. Next are examined "cadastral" reports from Idumaea, some inscriptions from Hellenistic times, a divorce bill from the Roman period, several Palmyrene dedications, epitaphs, and honorific inscriptions, as well as some Hatraean texts, mainly related to Adiabene. Finally, Mercionism is considered as background of a saying on "two gods", ascribed to Rabbi Hiyya bar Abba. Like in the preceding volumes of Studies, detailed indexes list the inscriptions, the personal names and the place-names examined, as well as other subjects.

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The volume contains studies dealing with Mediterranean history in the first millennium B.C., based mainly on epigraphic data. Chapter I concerns the Philistines and the kingdom of "terra firma", established by "Sea Peoples" on the Lower and Middle Orontes and in the Aleppo area, showing their Mycenaean background. Their obvious relations with the Phoenicians lead to the presentation of the newly identified material referring to the goddess Tanit, best known from Carthage, but coming from the Levant. Information provided by classical sources is then discussed in two chapters dealing with Herodotus and with later sources giving some information on Phoenician and Punic law and jurisprudence. The second part of the book consists in an analysis of Phoenician, Punic, and Neo-Punic inscriptions which so far have not been fully deciphered or interpreted. Most of them come from North Africa, but inscriptions from Ibiza and Sardinia are examined as well. Some of them offer the possibility of better understanding the molk-sacrifice and its human implications, especially in the second and first centuries B.C. Attention is paid also to the meaning and the implications of some personal names appearing in those inscriptions.

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The description, location, chronology, and nature of the bilingual archive from Ma'lana, called Ma'allanate by Assyriologists, is followed by the up-dated analysis of all the Aramaic texts and epigraphs, as well as of the proper names, occurring there or related to them. This material, so far scattered in a dozen of different publications, is now collected and reorganized in four chapters. All the texts dealt with date to ca. 700-620 B.C., from the office tenure of Hadddiy, the palace prefect of Queen Naqi'a/Zakutu, to the time of Sehr-nuri under the reign of Sîn-sarra-iskun. These chapters are followed by a palaeographic study of the inscriptions, presented with facsimiles, a detailed grammatical analysis, and a study of the legal contents of the deeds in light of parallel documents. There follow indices of proper names, subjects treated, sources used, and modern authors. A list of illustrations completes the volume.

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A general introduction to these conference proceedings and a comparison of the material culture of Phoenicia and Israel are followed by an analysis of the proper names in the Egyptian story of Wenamon, by a report on the recent excavations at Dor, and a study of the "Cypro-Phoenician" ware. There are essays on Mount Saphon and on Japhet's progeny, two studies on the tribe of Asher and the of Asher and the kingdom of Tyre, and a challenging analysis of the biblical traditions related to King Solomon's relations with Tyre. Further studies deal with the Phoenician deities worshipped in Israel and Judah, with the Greek translations of molek in the Septuagint, with the priestly dress as described in the Bible and the Phoenician dress as represented on the Umm el-'Amed steles, and with a bronze composition from Antarados.

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The actual progress in the study of social and economic structures of Late Bronze Age societies requires a general overview of the historical process in the area of the Eastern Mediterranean as a whole. This was the purpose of the symposium the proceedings of which are collected in the form of articles in the present volume. They are studies dealing with the Mycenaean world, with the Hittite Empire, Nuzi, Emar, Alalakh, Ugarit, the Pharaonic lands in the Izreel Valley. Particular attention is paid to the trade between the Aegean and the Levant, as well as to the "Sea-Peoples". The proceedings give a comprehensive view of the social and economic historical process in the Eastern Mediterranean between 1500 and 1000 B.C. and constitute an important contribution to the study of this crucial period in the history of the Ancient Middle East.

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The Punic Wars had tremendous consequences for the whole development of the West-European and West-Mediterranean civilization and history. The volume contains the proceedings of a symposium held in Antwerp, that dealt with these protracted conflicts between Rome and Carthage relying not only on historiographic sources but also on archaeological, epigraphical and numismatic evidences. The thirty articles, illustrated by many figures and plans, reflect a manifold approach to the problems involved and constitute a major contribution to the study and a better understanding of these events, of their social and economic background, and of their consequences for the history of the Mediterranean world.

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In part I of the book equal attention is given to the history, philology, numismatics and archaeology of Tyre and its surroundings. In the contributions of part II, Near Eastern, Greek and Latin philology play an important role. Attention is paid also to the Phoenician settlements in Cyprus, especially to the A"Carthage de ChypreA", and to the problem of locating Byrsa in the great Carthage of North Africa.

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