Search results for ""aperture""

The speckle phenomenon is ubiquitous, occurring in all regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as in both ultrasound and synthetic-aperture-radar imaging. Speckle occurs whenever radiation is reflected from a surface that is rough on the scale of a wavelength, or is passed through a diffusing surface that introduces random path-length delays on the scale of a wavelength. This book is devoted to simulation of speckle phenomena using the software package Mathematica®. Various techniques for simulating speckle are discussed. Simulation topics include first-order amplitude and intensity statistics, speckle phenomena in both imaging and free-space propagation, speckle at low light levels, polarization speckle, phase vortices in speckle, and speckle metrology methods.

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Designed for photographers who need a quick refresher on 35mm film photography, this handy and ultra-portable quick reference Pocket Guide helps you get the shot when you re out and about. Confirm that your camera is set up properly with the pre-shoot checklist Load your film camera with 35mm film Learn about the three key components of exposure aperture, shutter speed, and ISO Conquer your camera s built-in light meter Understand lenses and focal length and how they affect the look of your image Use the most effective composition tips for framing your photo Follow techniques for getting great shots in typical scenarios (portrait, landscape, freezing action, low light, etc.)

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Presents the introductory theory and applications of Maxwell's equations to electromagnetic field problems. Unlike other texts, Maxwell's equations and the associated vector mathematics are developed early in the work, allowing readers to apply them at the outset. Its unified treatment of coordinate systems saves time in developing the rules for vector manipulations in ways other than the rectangular coordinate system. The following chapters cover static and quasi-static electric and magnetic fields, wave reflection and transmission at plane boundaries, the Poynting power theorem, rectangular waveguide mode theory, transmission lines, and an introduction to the properties of linear antennas and aperture antennas. Includes an expanded set of problems, many of which extend the material developed in the chapters.

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This book is in part an introduction to ladar (or lidar), providing the technical building blocks for understanding the technology, but also provides in-depth coverage of aspects of coherent detection. It covers the mathematical background of traditional direct-detection architecture, including a detailed description of photon-counting detection, which is usually achieved with Geiger-mode APD technology. The book also dives into details of coherent detection architecture, explaining various imaging techniques such as synthetic aperture lidar and vibration sensing lidar. This book can serve as a reference for readers who want to become more acquainted with lidar technology and can also be used as a textbook on the subject.

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The speckle phenomenon is ubiquitous, occurring in all regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as in both ultrasound and synthetic-aperture-radar imaging. Speckle occurs whenever radiation is reflected from a surface that is rough on the scale of a wavelength or is passed through a diffusing surface that introduces random path-length delays on the scale of a wavelength. This book is devoted to simulation of speckle phenomena using the software package Python. Various techniques for simulating speckle are discussed. Simulation topics include first-order amplitude and intensity statistics, speckle phenomena in both imaging and free-space propagation, speckle at low light levels, polarization speckle, phase vortices in speckle, and speckle metrology methods.

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Starting with the basics of camera control and moving on to shutter speeds, aperture, zoom and flash, Langford’s Starting Photography gives you the only introduction to digital photography you’ll ever need. Once you’ve mastered the basics, examples and projects allow you to explore the key methods for capturing a variety of subjects from portraits and pets to landscapes and sports photography, alongside straightforward advice on using editing software to get the best out of your digital shots, will have you producing unforgettable images in moments. More inspiring than a textbook, more interesting than a reference, and more in-depth than a photography class, Langford’s Starting Photography is the only guide you need to start taking great images.

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A guide to the applications of holographic techniques for microwave and millimeter wave imaging Real-Time Three-Dimensional Imaging of Dielectric Bodies Using Microwave/Millimeter Wave Holography offers an authoritative guide to the field of microwave holography for the specific application of imaging dielectric bodies. The authors—noted experts on the topic—review the early works in the area of optical and microwave holographic imaging and explore recent advances of the microwave and millimeter wave imaging techniques. These techniques are based on the measurement of both magnitude and phase over an aperture and then implementing digital image reconstruction. The book presents developments in the microwave holographic techniques for near-field imaging applications such as biomedical imaging and non-destructive testing of materials. The authors also examine novel holographic techniques to gain super-resolution or quantitative images. The book also includes a discussion of the capabilities and limitations of holographic reconstruction techniques and provides recommendations for overcoming many of the limitations. This important book: • Describes the evolution of wide-band microwave holography techniques from synthetic aperture radar principles • Explores two major approaches to near-field microwave holography: Using the incident field and Green's function information and using point-spread function of the imaging system • Introduces the "diffraction limit" in the resolution for techniques that are based on the Born approximation, and provides techniques to overcome this limit Written for students and research associates in microwave and millimeter wave engineering, Real-Time Three-Dimensional Imaging of Dielectric Bodies Using Microwave/Millimeter Wave Holography reviews microwave and millimeter-wave imaging techniques based on the holographic principles and provides information on the most current developments.

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Today’s cameras are more powerful and easy to use than ever—and thanks to The Complete Photo Manual Revised Edition, picture-perfect photos are just a shutter’s click away! This revised edition includes a fresh basics section to help true novices master their machine, with fantastic info on exposure, focus, aperture, shutter speed, flash, and more. Plus, it contains updated software advice and tons of new, on-trend tutorials for the aspiring photographer!This comprehensive, all-in-one guide demystifies today’s DSLRs and ILCs, walking you through their basic functions and setting you up for photo-making success, as well as offering creative projects for more advanced photographers. From setting a proper exposure to Photoshopping images together into clever composites, The Complete Photo Manual Revised Edition has you covered! With chapters on: Camera Basics Take a crash course in exposure, focus, aperture, shutter speed, white balance, and more so you can master the fundamentals. Composition & Shooting Get out there and start shooting! This chapter helps you pick subjects, compose on the fly, work your camera settings as you go, correct for problematic situations, use a tripod, choose the right lens for your scene, and explore different storytelling idioms. Setup & Gear Graduate to a more robust photography kit with discussions of lights, light modifiers, and more. Here, you’ll learn how to shoot more ambitious portraits, still lifes, and action shots. Photo Editing & Beyond Make your photos even better with tried-and-tested tutorials in Photoshop and Lightroom, plus quick tips and image organization hacks. Packaged in a durable, wipe-clean flexicover with metallic corner-guards, this practical manual withstands heavy-duty use indoors and out.

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Dedicated to remote sensing images, from their acquisition to their use in various applications, this book covers the global lifecycle of images, including sensors and acquisition systems, applications such as movement monitoring or data assimilation, and image and data processing. It is organized in three main parts. The first part presents technological information about remote sensing (choice of satellite orbit and sensors) and elements of physics related to sensing (optics and microwave propagation). The second part presents image processing algorithms and their specificities for radar or optical, multi and hyper-spectral images. The final part is devoted to applications: change detection and analysis of time series, elevation measurement, displacement measurement and data assimilation. Offering a comprehensive survey of the domain of remote sensing imagery with a multi-disciplinary approach, this book is suitable for graduate students and engineers, with backgrounds either in computer science and applied math (signal and image processing) or geo-physics. About the Authors Florence Tupin is Professor at Telecom ParisTech, France. Her research interests include remote sensing imagery, image analysis and interpretation, three-dimensional reconstruction, and synthetic aperture radar, especially for urban remote sensing applications. Jordi Inglada works at the Centre National d’Études Spatiales (French Space Agency), Toulouse, France, in the field of remote sensing image processing at the CESBIO laboratory. He is in charge of the development of image processing algorithms for the operational exploitation of Earth observation images, mainly in the field of multi-temporal image analysis for land use and cover change. Jean-Marie Nicolas is Professor at Telecom ParisTech in the Signal and Imaging department. His research interests include the modeling and processing of synthetic aperture radar images.

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Red Channel in the Rupture is a gathering place for the troubling abuses of the past. Looking through the lens of the present moment, Thomas shows us the open palm necessary to embrace change, as she finds beauty in bodies gnashed, trapped, and crushed into change. Images and experiences bleed together as we confront with the poet the animal of loss and death. Moving through the aperture of landscapes and moments that have defined this poet, we discover the rupturing territory of time and change. We recover absolution for what has tried to kill our very souls. Here is the “endless rope” thrown out to all of us in our shame and fear; we would be wise to snatch this coil from the air.

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Everything you need to know about AR-15s from top firearms writers.The Guns & Ammo Guide to AR-15s is packed with a wealth of valuable information compiled by the foremost firearms writers today. A vast range of topics is covered in these articles, including:The lure of the SBRThe evolution of the REPRBore conditions that affect your cold-bore shotGeissele triggersAperture sightsHigh precision (down) rangeAR 9mm perfectionReloading for AR-15sAnd much more!Discover tried and true tips, tactics, and techniques from the pros along with guidance on buying gear and firearms from experts including Patrick Sweeney, David Faubion, SGM Kyle Lamb, Tom Beckstrand, and Eric R. Poole. The Guns & Ammo Guide to AR-15s has everything you could want to learn about AR-15s.

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This book has been written for photographers who want to switch their camera off automatic mode and take control of its image-making potential. With visual examples throughout, it explains how to use the camera's settings and functions to take better and more creative photographs. By introducing new techniques based on concepts already taught, it explains the key principles of camera craft and thereby helps the photographer determine the outcome of the image they take. Many topics are covered including: a guide to photographic equipment; exposure and how to control the shutter, aperture and ISO settings; flash control, metering patterns, focus modes and drive options; colour settings, including white balance, picture styles and colour spaces and digital photographs are explained in terms of histogram, resolution, image size and quality settings.

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This newly revised edition of Bryan Peterson's most popular book demystifies the complex concepts of exposure in photography, allowing readers to capture the images they want. With his trademark accessible style, Peterson instructs readers on how to achieve successful images in almost any situation, explaining the fundamentals of exposure and its component parts of light, aperture and shutter speed. With an emphasis on getting the best exposure even in tricky situations, 'Understanding Exposure' shows how to get (or lose) sharpness and contrast in images, how to freeze action and how to take the best meter readings, while also exploring filters, flash and light. With all new images, and updated captions throughout, this revised edition is sure to be as popular as ever.

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Andrew Scrivani, food photographer for The New York Times, is one of the most respected names in the business. He is also a teacher of the craft, advising food porn obsessives, bloggers, photographers ready for the next step and anyone who loves to shoot and eat how to: see the light (craft and shape it the way you want); embrace the maths (calculate ISO, aperture, shutter speed and white balance); consider visual storytelling (single vs. multiple image narratives); master tricks for shooting in restaurants (window, bounce cards); be a control freak (shop, prep, cook, style and shoot) and turn passion into profit (work and get paid). Part straight-forward practical advice, part stories from the field with many of Scrivani’s signature pictures, this book really will make you hungry.

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Gideon Levy is one of the most respected critics of Israel's apartheid policies against the Palestinian people. He is the outspoken award-winning journalist who has been writing on the conflict for decades. In the Destruction of Gaza, he brings together his on-the-ground perspectives of the events leading up to the 7th October and the ensuing devastation of Gaza. His clear-eyed analysis is a vital aperture into current events but he also brings essential historical and political context to the moment. He is unafraid to speak truth to power, and his work is an urgent rebuttal to the propaganda that is distributed through the mainstream liberal press, throughout the world. Levy's words should be read by anyone who wants to get the heart of this most brutal conflict and see for themselves that silence is no longer possible in the face of such atrocity.

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Taking an innovative look at Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), this practical reference fully covers new developments in SAR and its various methodologies and enables readers to interpret SAR imagery An essential reference on polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), this book uses scattering theory and radiative transfer theory as a basis for its treatment of topics. It is organized to include theoretical scattering models and SAR data analysis techniques, and presents cutting-edge research on theoretical modelling of terrain surface. The book includes quantitative approaches for remote sensing, such as the analysis of the Mueller matrix solution of random media, mono-static and bistatic SAR image simulation. It also covers new parameters for unsupervised surface classification, DEM inversion, change detection from multi-temporal SAR images, reconstruction of building objects from multi-aspect SAR images, and polarimetric pulse echoes from multi-layering scatter media. Structured to encourage methodical learning, earlier chapters cover core material, whilst later sections involve more advanced new topics which are important for researchers. The final chapter completes the book as a reference by covering SAR interferometry, a core topic in the remote sensing community. Features theoretical scattering models and SAR data analysis techniques Explains the simulation of SAR images for mono- and bi-static radars, covering both qualitative and quantitative information retrieval Chapter topics include: theoretical scattering models; SAR data analysis and processing techniques; and theoretical quantitative simulation reconstruction and inversion techniques Structured to enable both academic learning and independent study, laying down the foundations first of all before advancing to more complex topics Experienced author team presents mathematical derivations and figures so that they are easy for readers to understand Pitched at graduate-level students in electrical engineering, physics, earth and space sciences, as well as researchers MATLAB code available for readers to run their own routines An invaluable reference for research scientists, engineers and scientists working on polarimetric SAR hardware and software, Application developers of SAR and polarimetric SAR, remote sensing specialists working with SAR data – using ESA.

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This is an authoritative, self-contained course book on successfully shooting landscapes. It includes structured lessons and projects to help track progress. David Taylor is an award-winning photographer who has authored over 20 titles for Ammonite Press. Aimed at beginners, Foundation Course: Black & White Photography is part of a structured series of tutorials that explain the basic skills and techniques of photography in relation to a specific subject area. Written by experts, each book is divided into six main sections: Basics, Lessons, Revision, Project, Analysis and Progress. This chapter explains the concept of photography in a concise, easy-to-follow manner. There's information on the types of camera, lenses, tripods, filters and other useful accessories; the basics of exposure, metering, aperture and shutter speed, ISO, dynamic range, histograms, exposure compensation and using filters. There's also information on colour and composition, including the effects of light, the effects of colour on the perception of a photograph, plus how this changes when shooting black and white.

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All you need is a digital camera or a mobile phone and this best-selling book to unlock your potential as a photographer.From choosing the right equipment and aperture exposure to adjusting focus and flash, The Beginner''s Photography Guide explains key concepts in clear and simple terms to help you maximise the features of your camera.Inside this book, you'll find: -An overview of the basics of photography, including the equipment you need, how to set the correct exposure, how to use different lenses and how to edit pictures -Clear, step-by-step explanations, tutorials, handy kit and camera-setting checklists to support you on your photography journey -Simple annotated images that explain the differences and uses of equipment, lenses and methods Written for beginners, this handbook contains step-by-step tutorials covering the range of camera functions and photographic techniques. Each chapter of the book contains

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This is an authoritative, self-contained course book on successfully shooting landscapes. It includes structured lessons and projects to help track progress. David Taylor is an award-winning photographer who has authored over 20 titles for Ammonite Press. Aimed at beginners, Foundation Course: Landscape Photography is part of a series of tutorials that explain the basic skills and techniques of photography in relation to a specific subject area. Each book is divided into six main sections: Basics, Lessons, Revision, Project, Analysis and Progress. The concept of photography is presented in a concise, easy-to-follow manner. There's information on the types of camera, lenses, tripods, filters and other useful accessories; the basics of exposure, metering, aperture and shutter speed, ISO, dynamic range and using filters. There is also information on colour and composition, including the effects of light, the effects of colour on the perception of a photograph, and the basic 'rules' of composition.

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Are you looking to improve your photography repertoire? Take your photography skills and technique to the next level with this inspiring and informative guide. Featuring a comprehensive range of topics from experimenting with lenses, exposure, and aperture to useful post-production techniques, the easy-to-follow step-by-step tutorials show you how to master the functions on your cameras and develop exciting new techniques. As well as refreshing your existing knowledge, you will learn more advanced skills, such as how to freeze movement, use filters, and create brilliant images from multiple exposures. Flick through inspiring ideas for projects, exploring themes ranging from close-ups and portraits to street scenes, landscapes, and the night sky, while useful tips and hints help you to think creatively, and tackle "difficult" subjects. Packed with practical advice and beautiful images, The Advanced Photography Guide will give you the know-how and confidence to produce truly stunning images and develop a distinctive style of your own.

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Window functions—otherwise known as weighting functions, tapering functions, or apodization functions—are mathematical functions that are zero-valued outside the chosen interval. They are well established as a vital part of digital signal processing. Window Functions and their Applications in Signal Processing presents an exhaustive and detailed account of window functions and their applications in signal processing, focusing on the areas of digital spectral analysis, design of FIR filters, pulse compression radar, and speech signal processing.Comprehensively reviewing previous research and recent developments, this book: Provides suggestions on how to choose a window function for particular applications Discusses Fourier analysis techniques and pitfalls in the computation of the DFT Introduces window functions in the continuous-time and discrete-time domains Considers two implementation strategies of window functions in the time- and frequency domain Explores well-known applications of window functions in the fields of radar, sonar, biomedical signal analysis, audio processing, and synthetic aperture radar

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This title features expert advice from a professional UK photographer, useful hints & tips plus clear diagrams & charts. This new series of "The Expanded Guides" focuses on photographic techniques to give you a comprehensive grounding in the subject and takes you a step further to enable you to get much more from your photography. This is an invaluable guide to taking better photographs using today's sophisticated digital SLR and compact digital cameras. Aimed at both the novice and more experienced amateur photographer, jargon-free text explains the theory behind digital photography, how light metering affects exposure and light's relationship to colour, colour temperature and white balance, focal points and the expression of mood. Aperture, depth of field and shutter speed are also thoroughly covered, along with chapters on ISO speeds, dynamic range, use of filters and making in-camera adjustments. Post processing techniques round off this invaluable guide to getting the best results from your photography.

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Windows are moments in modern architecture where we look to ascertain elegance, technical expression and material language or to capture a certain atmosphere. A window opening is as much an interval and an opportunity as it is a device for admitting light, air or views; it is simultaneously a physical aperture but also a philosophical opening of collaboration and reflection. In order to understand the language of a building we might look to the detail of the window. But what does this mean and why does modern architecture invest so much expression in the window?This book explores how the act of detailing and situating windows in buildings is a key proponent in the language of architecture, which both informs and works with the contingencies of design and construction. It investigates 18 case studies in-depth using painstakingly drawn details and vivid photographs in full colour to define what makes these windows great and how each window is situated within both its technical

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This striking book shows the world's most beautiful libraries through Candida Höfer's mesmerizing photographs.No one photographs spaces quite like Candida Höfer and no one has captured better the majesty, stillness, and eloquence of libraries. Traveling around the world, Höfer shows the exquisite beauty to be found in order, repetition, and form--rows of books, lines of desks, soaring shelves, and even stacks of paper create patterns that are both hypnotic and soothing. Photographed with a large-format camera and a small aperture, these razor-sharp images of the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, the Escorial in Spain, Villa Medici in Rome, the Hamburg University library, the Bibliotheque Nationale de France in Paris, and the Museo Archeologico in Madrid, to name a few, communicate more than just the superb architecture. Glowing with subtle color and natural light, Höfer's photographs, while devoid of people, shimmer with life and remind us again and again that libraries are more than just repositories for books. Umberto Eco's essay about his own attachment to libraries is the perfect introduction to an otherwise wordless, but sublimely reverent journey.

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Feast Your Eyes (and Tantalize Your Followers) with Fantastic Food Styling! A lovely meal can look beautiful on the plate but what makes it truly standout? That's all in your lighting, the way you plate, the props you use, and the photographic theories you apply. In short, it's all in the art of food styling! Get your dishes camera-ready in an instant with celebrated food photographer and cook Julia Konovalova. Julia takes you behind the lens and delves into the cornerstones of food styling, including sections on: . Backdrops and props . Color theory . Image composition . Introducing action into food photos . Juggling shutter speed, aperture, and ISO . How to shop and cook with food photography in mind . Composing in-progress shots . Mastering the art of styling with clients in mind Whether you are looking to make your followers swoon over mouthwatering home-cooked masterpieces or land a gig for a popular food brand, Julia has all the invaluable tips, tricks, and techniques to make your delectable art jump off the screen.

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With 9 easy-to-do experiments and 230 exciting pictures, this book tells the history, the science and the technology behind photography and film-making. It investigates all kinds of cameras, with inside-view illustrations of how they work. It features practical projects to do at home that explain the scientific principles, including how a lens works, easy animation, and how to make your own pinhole camera. Fascinating pictures show these devices in action, demonstrating techniques, settings, filters, effects, printing, projecting and how to take great photographs. You can learn about cameras, from film to digital to recording, viewing and editing images. Page by page, the book focuses on a different aspect of the photographic process, from the anatomy of a camera to shutter speeds and what the aperture does. Simple step-by-step experiments reinforce the learning experience - see how light behaves, create a 3D effect, and produce a panoramic shot. This is a completely accessible reference work for keen young photographers, which is sure to be borrowed by like-minded friends and family!

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This highly-anticipated second edition of an Artech House classic covers several key radar analysis areas: the radar range equation, detection theory, ambiguity functions, waveforms, antennas, active arrays, receivers and signal processors, CFAR and chaff analysis. Readers will be able to predict the detection performance of a radar system using the radar range equation, its various parameters, matched filter theory, and Swerling target models. The performance of various signal processors, single pulse, pulsed Doppler, LFM, NLFM, and BPSK, are discussed, taking into account factors including MTI processing, integration gain, weighting loss and straddling loss. The details of radar analysis are covered from a mathematical perspective, with in-depth breakdowns of radar performance in the presence of clutter. Readers will be able to determine the nose temperature of a multi-channel receiver as it is used in active arrays. With the addition of three new chapters on moving target detectors, inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) and new MATLAB codes, this expanded second edition will appeal to the novice as well as the experienced practitioner.

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Full-color guide to everything you need to get the most out of your Nikon D5000! The Nikon D5000 packs a lot of punch into a camera that beginners will love, and now you can pack an equal amount of punch into the digital photographs you take with your new Nikon. Whether you want to understand the D5000's new exposure settings or learn photography basics such as aperture, shutter speed, and downloading photos, this book delivers. Walks you through the new Nikon D5000's features, including a 12.3 megapixel sensor, 19 auto-exposure modes, and a swivel viewfinder Shows beginners who may be new to DSLR cameras how to take good digital photographs-from using the right settings for things like sunsets, candelight, or portraits-to downloading to your computer and printing Demonstrates beginning to advanced techniques with over 200 full-color photos, giving you plenty of great ideas of what you can accomplish Offers practical tips and ideas from two expert digital photographers and authors Don't be intimidated by your new digital camera! This friendly For Dummies guide will get you up and running in no time.

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'Darkly angelic prose... a joy to read, with the final part in particular recalling David Foster Wallace at his best' Alex Preston, Observer ________________________________ Will's mother's hokey homily, Waste not, want not... hisses in his ears as he oscillates furiously on the spot, havering on the threshold between the bedroom and the dying one... all the while cradling the plastic leech of the syringe in the crook of his arm. Oscillating furiously, and, as he'd presses the plunger home a touch more... and more, he hears it again and again: Waaaste nooot, waaant nooot..! whooshing into and out of him, while the blackness wells up at the periphery of his vision, and his hackneyed heart begins to beat out weirdly arrhythmic drum fills - even hitting the occasional rim-shot on his resonating rib cage. He waits, paralysed, acutely conscious, that were he simply to press his thumb right home, it'll be a cartoonish death: That's all folks! as the aperture screws shut forever. ________________________________________ 'Self's writing has the same technicolour velocity, malign comedy as his best novels' Evening Standard 'Refreshing . . . Self is never happier than when frolicking in the hinterland between sincerity and performative, winking hyperbole' TLS

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This book contains a comprehensive guide to the choice of cameras, lenses and other equipment and accessories. It discusses the fundamentals of exposure as well as the effects of light and weather on the landscape. It includes lots of practical advice on planning for an outdoor shoot. Beginning with a comprehensive guide to the choice of cameras, lenses and other equipment and accessories, Taylor discusses the fundamentals of exposure - aperture, shutter speed, ISO, dynamic range - and an appreciation of the effects of light on the landscape, at various times of the day and in all types of weather. Practical advice on planning for an outdoor shoot covers the basics of assembling a travel kit, using maps and choosing a location, consulting sunrise and sunset times, weather forecasts and predicting tides. The author's own stunning photography transports the reader from coastal regions to hills and mountains, through woodland and moorland, in all seasons and weather, in the light of day and the dark of night. Authoritative text explains the theories and "rules" of composition: the importance of balance, harmony and symmetry, the power of leading lines, visual weight, and the ability to create depth in an image.

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This book presents a substantial description of the principles and applications of digital holography.The first part of the book deals with mathematical basics and the linear filtering theory necessary to approach the topic. The next part describes the fundamentals of diffraction theory and exhaustively details the numerical computation of diffracted fields using FFT algorithms. A thorough presentation of the principles of holography and digital holography, including digital color holography, is proposed in the third part.A special section is devoted to the algorithms and methods for the numerical reconstruction of holograms. There is also a chapter devoted to digital holographic interferometry with applications in holographic microscopy, quantitative phase contrast imaging, multidimensional deformation investigations, surface shape measurements, fluid mechanics, refractive index investigations, synthetic aperture imaging and information encrypting.Keys so as to understand the differences between digital holography and speckle interferometry and examples of software for hologram reconstructions are also treated in brief. Contents 1. Mathematical Prerequisites.2. The Scalar Theory of Diffraction.3. Calculating Diffraction by Fast Fourier Transform.4. Fundamentals of Holography.5. Digital Off-Axis Fresnel Holography.6. Reconstructing Wavefronts Propagated through an Optical System.7. Digital Holographic Interferometry and Its Applications.Appendix. Examples of Digital Hologram Reconstruction Programs

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Volume 15 explores the current knowledge relating extracellular calreticulin to human pathologies, focusing on cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, wound repair and the retroviral infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1. Following this, the authors provide an overview of the tumor markers and scoring systems as well as it's utilization for effective diagnosis of female adnexal masses. Appropriate discrimination between benign and malignant mass results in the correct choice between conservative and surgical management. This collection also presents the way in which two B-glucans play a vital role in innate immunity modulation, and are therefore predicted to be candidates for alternative therapies against inflammatory diseases. Subsequently, the authors present indications, techniques, complications and treatment regarding the use of polyacrylamide for facial wasting rehabilitation. Medical literature shows how facial wasting is recognized as a stigma of the infection for the patient-self, and as such facial features restoring is crucial to the social life of HIV positive patients. In conclusion, the major issues regard reduced nostril aperture and nasal fossae volume, and degree of sinus pneumatization are presented. Endoscopic sinus surgery and its main use in pediatric patients is decribed, as well as the advantages of this less invasive surgery.

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Through courses taught internally at the Institute for Defense Analysis, Dr. Roger Sullivan has devised a book that brings readers fully up to speed on the most essential quantitative aspects of general radar in order to introduce study of the most exciting and relevant applications to radar imaging and advanced concepts: Synthetic Aperture Radar (4 chapters), Space-time Adaptive Processing, moving target indication (MTI), bistatic radar, low probability of intercept (LPI) radar, weather radar, and ground-penetrating radar. Whether you are a radar novice or experienced professional, this is an essential reference that features the theory and practical application of formulas you use in radar design every day. With this book, you are taken step-by-step through the development of modern airborne microwave radar, up to the cutting edge of emergent technologies including new results on theoretical 2D and 3D SAR point-spread functions (PSF) and current discussions concerning dechirp/deskew processing, layover in SAR images, vibrating targets, foliage penetration, image quality parameters, and more. Plus, for students of electrical engineering, physics, and radar, this book provides the best source of basic airborne radar understanding, as well as a broad introduction to the field of radar imaging.

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This book considers three basic questions:1. Why are vision systems fundamental and critical to autonomous flight?2. What are the vision system tasks required for autonomous flight?3. How can those tasks be approached?It addresses the role of vision systems for autonomous operations and discusses the critical tasks required of a vision system, including taxi, takeoff, en-route navigation, detect and avoid, and landing, as well as formation flight or approach and docking at a terminal or with other vehicles. These tasks are analyzed to develop field of view, resolution, latency, and other sensing requirements and to understand when one sensor can be used for multiple applications. Airspace classifications, landing visibility categories, decision height criteria, and typical runway dimensions are introduced.The book provides an overview of sensors and phenomenology from visible through infrared, extending into the radar bands and including both passive and active systems. Human visual system performance is discussed as a comparison benchmark. System architectures are discussed, including distributed aperture sensor systems and multiuse sensors. Finally, various algorithms for extracting information from sensor data are examined, such as moving target detection for detect and avoid, shape from motion, multisensor triangulation, model-based pose estimation, wire and cable detection, and geo-location techniques.

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"The Hatfield Lunar Atlas" has become an amateur lunar observer's bible since it was first published in 1968. A major update of the atlas was made in 1998, using the same wonderful photographs that Commander Henry Hatfield made with his purpose-built 12-inch (300 mm) telescope, but bringing the lunar nomenclature up to date and changing the units from Imperial to S.I. metric This edition is important since the fact is that modern telescope optics, digital imaging equipment and computer enhancement can easily surpass what was achieved with Henry Hatfield's 12-inch telescope and a film camera. This limits the usefulness of the original atlas to visual observing or imaging rather small amateur telescopes. The new, digitally re-mastered edition vastly improves the clarity and definition of the original photographs - significantly beyond the resolution limits of the photographic grains present in earlier atlas versions - while preserving the layout and style of the original publications. This has been achieved by merging computer-visualized Earth-based views of the lunar surface, derived from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter data, with scanned copies of Commander Hatfield's photographic plates, using the author's own software. The results is a "The Hatfield Lunar Atlas" for 21st century amateur telescopes up to and beyond 12-inch aperture.

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Bianca Brunner is a young Swiss photographic artist whose work has gained considerable international recognition and acclaim. Following a degree in visual communication at the School of Art and Design Zurich in 1997 she continued her artistic education at the London College of Communication and the Royal College of Art London. In 2005 she was selected to participate in the travelling exhibition 'ReGeneration: 50 Photographers of Tomorrow', concieved by the Musee de l'Elysee in Lausanne (Switzerland) and shown also in Milan (2005), New York (2006) and Pingyao (China, 2006). She has been featured also in several group exhibitions in London, Madrid, Germany, Belgium and Italy. Her work is represented in the permanent collections of the Aperture Foundation (New York City), the University Art Collection (London) and the Musee de l'Elysee (Lausanne, Switzerland), and has been published in several books. Brunner has also been awarded several prizes in the UK and Switzerland. 'Bianca Brunner: Gap in the Real' is the first monograph on Brunner's work, presenting around 50 of her recent images. The majority have not been published before and will be shown for the first time in a solo exhibition at the Bundner Kunstmuseum Chur (Chur, Switzerland) in autumn 2010.

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This research monograph is a companion edition and update to the book: L. C. Andrews and R. L. Phillips, Laser Beam Propagation through Random Media, 2nd edition (SPIE Press, 2005). We present several new and advanced topics that have emerged during the years since the 2005 title was published. Much of the new material is compared throughout the text with experimental and computer simulation data. This comparison includes beam wander and its effect on a propagating laser beam, including beam-wander-induced scintillation. Other additions include an assessment of conventional probability density function (PDF) models for the irradiance after passing through a finite receiver aperture. New mathematical models for enhanced backscatter are introduced here, including extension to strong fluctuation regimes and semi-rough targets. In recent years, scientists have found experimental evidence that non-Kolmogorov and anisotropic conditions may occur even along horizontal propagation paths near the ground. We include a chapter on these important topics that presents a detailed treatment involving both non-Kolmogorov and anisotropic models. The book ends with a chapter devoted to the discussion of commonly used instruments for measuring atmospheric parameters like the refractive-index structure parameter, inner scale, temperature, wind speed, heat flux, and so forth.

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Change Detection and Image Time Series Analysis 1 presents a wide range of unsupervised methods for temporal evolution analysis through the use of image time series associated with optical and/or synthetic aperture radar acquisition modalities. Chapter 1 introduces two unsupervised approaches to multiple-change detection in bi-temporal multivariate images, with Chapters 2 and 3 addressing change detection in image time series in the context of the statistical analysis of covariance matrices. Chapter 4 focuses on wavelets and convolutional-neural filters for feature extraction and entropy-based anomaly detection, and Chapter 5 deals with a number of metrics such as cross correlation ratios and the Hausdorff distance for variational analysis of the state of snow. Chapter 6 presents a fractional dynamic stochastic field model for spatio temporal forecasting and for monitoring fast-moving meteorological events such as cyclones. Chapter 7 proposes an analysis based on characteristic points for texture modeling, in the context of graph theory, and Chapter 8 focuses on detecting new land cover types by classification-based change detection or feature/pixel based change detection. Chapter 9 focuses on the modeling of classes in the difference image and derives a multiclass model for this difference image in the context of change vector analysis.

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Ballet is a breathtaking photographic collection, celebrating the precision, athleticism and artistry of classical and contemporary ballet. Live performances allow us to admire ballet's visual splendour from afar, but rarely are we given the opportunity to study dynamic poses, leaps and lifts in intimate, close-up detail. An inspirational companion for dance aficionados, performing arts enthusiasts and keen photographers, Ballet captures awe-inspiring moments performed by the art form's most remarkable talents. Leo Mason's arresting images provide a unique glimpse into the world of ballet and its superstars, featuring a cast of former and current principal dancers including Carlos Acosta, Tamara Rojo, Vadim Muntagirov, Daria Klimentova and Ivan Vasiliev. With over 40 years' experience as a sports and dance photographer, Leo recreates the beauty and seemingly effortless nature of the discipline - made even more remarkable by the gruelling training required to achieve perfection - and often uses exposure creatively to capture movement and compose striking images. Each photograph is accompanied by a detailed caption, providing information on the performers, work, location and date, along with technical specifications regarding camera equipment, exposure and aperture. Includes images of: Carlos Acosta, Tamara Rojo, Vadim Muntagirov, Daria Klimentova and Ivan Vasiliev at the Royal Opera House, Sadler's Wells and the London Coliseum.

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Introduces advanced high-capacity data encoding and throughput improvement techniques for fully printable multi-bit Chipless RFID tags and reader systems The book proposes new approaches to chipless RFID tag encoding and tag detection that supersede their predecessors in signal processing, tag design, and reader architectures. The text is divided into two main sections: the first section introduces the fundamentals of electromagnetic (EM) imaging at mm-wave band to enhance the content capacity of Chipless RFID systems. The EM Imaging through Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technique is used for data extraction. The second section presents a few smart tag detection techniques for existing chipless RFID systems. A Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) based tag detection technique improves the spectral efficiency and increases data bit capacity. The book concludes with a discussion of how the MIMO approach can be combined with the image based technique to introduce a complete solution with a fast imaging approach to chipless RFID systems. The book has the following salient features: Discusses new approaches to chipless RFID tags such as EM imaging, high capacity data encoding, and robust tag detection techniques Presents techniques to enhance data content capacity of tags and reliable tag detection for the readers at unlicensed microwave and mm-wave 2.45, 24 and 60 GHz instrumentation, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency bands Includes case studies of real-world applications

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Covering both homemade and commercial products, this book provides the reader with simple and straightforward information about the modeling, building, and use of binoscopes. Binoscopes can be thought of as binoculars enlarged to the size of telescopes - essentially, a combination of the two. Constructing a binoscope is easier than most people think, but it still demands attention to detail and proper background knowledge. The author goes on to provide additional information about the products currently on the market, should the reader choose to purchase one instead of building it. Lastly, the book also compares binoscopes with telescopes in great detail, outlining the differences the reader can expect to see in the night sky from using both. The celestial views obtained with a binoscope, compared to a single telescope of the same aperture, are a very different experience.The new edition emphasizes the obvious advantages of viewing celestial objects through a binoscope. There are also many new photos and additional information on the latest equipment and some very special and rare equipment a collector might be interested in. Newly added cartoons and additional images of beautiful deep sky objects in each of the chapters makes reading the book a more enjoyable experience. Finally, there is a new comet discovery form and guide to follow for such discoveries, and a complete list of Messier objects for those interested in searching for these.

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A practical guide written by professional photographers, with easy-to-follow guidance and tips, this work includes notes on equipment, storage and other practical essentials, as well as lots of creative guidance on how to produce the best shots on any occasion. It gives guidance on the equipment and techniques you need to produce great photographs of all subjects, including wildlife, landscapes and portraits. It includes practical, step-by-step assignments to help you master techniques, with more than 1700 inspiring photographs. It helps you learn skills such as processing your own black and white photographs, manipulating and improving images, and storing and sharing images online. This book addresses both film and digital photography, providing the enthusiast with information in everything from understanding aperture and focus to manipulating images for maximum effect on a computer. With more than 1700 photographs, every useful aspect of photography is described and illustrated. Practical considerations include holding a camera and knowing which films or lenses to buy. Practice portraits with friends and family, or get out and about in the countryside, experimenting with landscape shots and studies of light or texture. Wherever you want to take your passion for photography, this book is a valuable resource to help you on your way.

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The volume of data being collected in solar astronomy has exponentially increased over the past decade and we will be entering the age of petabyte solar data. Deep learning has been an invaluable tool exploited to efficiently extract key information from the massive solar observation data, to solve the tasks of data archiving/classification, object detection and recognition. Astronomical study starts with imaging from recorded raw data, followed by image processing, such as image reconstruction, inpainting and generation, to enhance imaging quality. We study deep learning for solar image processing. First, image deconvolution is investigated for synthesis aperture imaging. Second, image inpainting is explored to repair over-saturated solar image due to light intensity beyond threshold of optical lens. Third, image translation among UV/EUV observation of the chromosphere/corona, Ha observation of the chromosphere and magnetogram of the photosphere is realized by using GAN, exhibiting powerful image domain transfer ability among multiple wavebands and different observation devices. It can compensate the lack of observation time or waveband. In addition, time series model, e.g., LSTM, is exploited to forecast solar burst and solar activity indices. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the deep learning applications in solar astronomy. It is suitable for the students and young researchers who are major in astronomy and computer science, especially interdisciplinary research of them.

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This greatly expanded, co-authored, two-volume text provides a comprehensive introduction and explanation of both the theory and practice of modern antenna measurements, from their most basic postulates and assumptions, to the intricate details of their applications in various demanding modern measurement scenarios. Starting with an initial examination of the properties of antennas that allow them to enhance the free-space interaction of electronic systems, the authors then introduce direct far-field and indirect far-field forms of antenna measurements and their various implementations. Detailed descriptions are given of the direct far-field measurement technique CATR (Compact Antenna Test Ranges), Body-Centric measurements, and detailed developments of standard planar, cylindrical, spherical and non-canonical near-field techniques; and includes a through treatment of near-field range error budgets which are an indispensable part of antenna metrology. The books conclude with recent advances in measurement techniques such as aperture diagnostics, phase-less antenna metrology, error correction, and range multi-path suppression techniques. Extensive examples illustrate the concepts and techniques covered. This second edition is thoroughly expanded and now includes new chapters on near-field to far-field transforms from non-canonical surfaces, electromagnetic modelling of CATRs and near-field antenna measurement systems. In addition, there is an expanded chapter on coordinate systems, polarization basis and antenna pattern plotting and new sections on more specialized topics such as 5G and Radome measurements.

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Click your way to stunning digital images with this thorough resource! With the six mini-guides in Digital SLR Photography All-in-One For Dummies, you’ve got the six ingredients you need to cook up some fantastic photos. This book will help you make friends with your dSLR whether it’s the latest model or an older hand-me-down. Together, you’ll find the perfect angles, exposure, and lighting to capture magical images. It wouldn’t be digital photography without a bit of tech—SD cards, file transfers, resolution, and a few other things you might have never encountered before you picked up a dSLR. With this book, you can become a camera-wrangler extraordinaire, getting your shots and using digital editing tools to help them look their best. Now you have the tools you need to start building your portfolio—including some friendly advice on which images to include! Get out there and get shooting! Explore your camera’s features and settings, then pick the perfect lenses for your photography style Learn how to make beautiful images by controlling the key components of exposure -- aperture, shutter speed, and ISO settings Light your shots perfectly with or without a flash or other lighting equipment Use digital tools to make your photos shine and create an outstanding portfolio Upgrading to a digital SLR is a sign that you're serious about becoming a better photographer. Let this chummy Dummies guide, well, guide you as you become an image maker!

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Do you need help making your food look as delicious as it tastes? Are you a “foodie” hungry for more tantalizing photos of your culinary creations? Do you have a food blog that you’d like to take to the next level, with better images and a stronger business strategy? Then this book is for you! In Food Photography: From Snapshots to Great Shots, Second Edition, photographer Nicole Young returns to dish up the basics on everything you need to know to make great food images, from getting the right camera equipment to mastering the key photographic principles of aperture, ISO, and shutter speed. She offers tips on styling food using props, fabrics, and tabletops; and she explains how to improve your photos through editing after the shoot. This new edition features many brand-new images and examples, accompanied by up-to-date discussions on achieving good lighting and composition. In addition Nicole covers developments in the industry that have emerged since the publication of the first edition, such as the entry of mirrorless cameras on the scene, and more. She also provides a brand new post-processing section focusing on Photoshop Lightroom, showing how to improve your photos through sharpening, color enhancement, and other editing techniques. Beautifully illustrated with large, vibrant photos, this book offers the practical advice and expert shooting tips you need to get the food images you want every time you pick up your camera.

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Discover the secrets to mastering street photography—from city streets to country roads and the alleyways in between—from an acclaimed international photographer, teacher, and bestselling author. Street photography offers treasured moments at almost every turn, if you know where to look. In Understanding Street Photography, readers will learn the techniques for capturing brilliant scenes, including images taken around the globe, from the vibrant streets of Varanasi, India, to the crowded walkways of the Charles Bridge in Prague, and so many other corners of the world. In this masterclass, street photography is defined as images that convey evidence of human interaction, whether that’s a striking cityscape, an image of rush-hour foot traffic, the remains of a half-eaten sandwich, or a pedestrian portrait. Along the way, Bryan Peterson shares 120 “mini diaries”: the story behind each image; the thought process; the arrangement of the composition; the psychology of the colours; and the lens, aperture, shutter speed, and ISO for readers to replicate his work. Professional and aspiring photographers alike will learn how to produce posed and candid compositions, capture light and movement, work with shadows, weather, and architecture, and hone your craft. Through lessons, exercises, and anecdotes, Peterson shares his best tips for capturing the unpredictable world of urban life in motion. This book teaches you about: Light and Shadow Composition People Motion Seeking the Abstract Using the Flash Suitable for all levels

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Since its inception in the 1960s, the earth art movement has sought to make visible the elusive presence of nature. Though most often associated with monumental land-based sculptures, earth art encompasses a wide range of media, from sculpture, body art performances, and installations to photographic interventions, public protest art, and community projects. In The Ethics of Earth Art, Amanda Boetzkes analyzes the development of the earth art movement, arguing that such diverse artists as Robert Smithson, Ana Mendieta, James Turrell, Jackie Brookner, Olafur Eliasson, Basia Irland, and Ichi Ikeda are connected through their elucidation of the earth as a domain of ethical concern. Boetzkes contends that in basing their works’ relationship to the natural world on receptivity rather than representation, earth artists take an ethical stance that counters both the instrumental view that seeks to master nature and the Romantic view that posits a return to a mythical state of unencumbered continuity with nature. By incorporating receptive surfaces into their work—film footage of glaring sunlight, an aperture in a chamber that opens to the sky, or a porous armature on which vegetation grows—earth artists articulate the dilemma of representation that nature presents. Revealing the fundamental difference between the human world and the earth, Boetzkes shows that earth art mediates the sensations of nature while allowing nature itself to remain irreducible to human signification.

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