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Meet the bacteria, viruses, and other microbes that are all around us, but are too small for us to see.This book explains bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes simply for kids aged 7-9 by bestselling author and science communicator Steve Mould. What do glowing squid, mouldy bread, and soil creatures all have in common? They''re all part of the world of microbiology! In this awesome introductory book for budding scientists, the big world of tiny organisms is revealed with remarkable photography, kooky characters, and lots of fun facts.This fascinating biology book for kids offers: - An introduction to STEAM by well-known science author Steve Mould.- A new and updated edition featuring the latest information on pandemics and COVID-19, and vaccines.- A look into not just bacteria, but viruses, funghi and other microbes too!The Bacteria Book is a fun and informative introduction to a STEAM subject that brings ki

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This fascinating volume offers a critique of recent institutional and cultural turns in heterodox economics and political economy. Using seven case studies as examples, the authors explore how research on sense- and meaning-making can deepen critical studies in political economy, illuminating its role in critiquing the specific categories, contradictions and crisis-tendencies of capitalism.Parts I and II provide a foundation in institutionalism, international political economy and historical semantics, before introducing an original account of sense- and meaning-making and its role in remaking social relations. This account connects the evolution of both economic and extra-economic concepts to dispositives (problem-oriented social fixes), institutions, and capitalist restructuring. In Parts III and IV, specific case studies demonstrate how this new research program can be applied to issues such as competitiveness, the knowledge-based economy, governmental technologies, institutional and spatio-temporal fixes and crisis management.Scholars and students of heterodox, cultural, political and institutional economics will find this book a comprehensive and illuminating addition to their libraries.

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Based on an innovative theoretical framework combining theories of EU policy making, negotiation and implementation, this comprehensive book examines EU climate and energy policies from the early 1990s until the adoption of new policies for 2030. The authors investigate how the linking of climate and energy concerns in policy packages has facilitated agreement among EU leaders with very different policy ambitions. Employing in-depth studies from a diverse range of energy-economic countries, the book also explores the impact of the implementation of policies on the climate and energy policy framework and the Energy Union initiative.Social scientists and researchers in EU climate and energy policies will find the new empirical data and theoretical approach useful to their work. Students of the social sciences and politics will also benefit from the accessible overview of EU climate and energy policy development. This book will also be of interest to private and public decision-makers looking for explanations for the causes and consequences of EU climate and energy policy development.

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Joris Knoben illustrates that the number of firm relocations has grown steadily and considerably over the last decade and, at the same time, relationships between organizations have become more important to firm performance. It is often argued that these relationships require geographical stability, and so the author explores how these two seemingly contradictory observations can be reconciled. Insights from economic geography and organization science are utilized to develop a multidisciplinary firm-level perspective on the causes and consequences of firm relocation. Subsequently, this framework is tested empirically. The results show that incorporating the level of embeddedness as well as the spatial mobility of firms into a single framework leads to significantly better explanations of both the spatial behavior of firms as well as of the outcomes of this behavior. All-in-all, the findings indicate that there is a tradeoff between spatial mobility and inter-organizational stability.This multidisciplinary perspective on the relations between organizational networks, spatial firm mobility, and firm performance will be of great interest to a range of scholars, including organization scientists, regional scientists and economic geographers and, managers of relocating companies as well as consultants in this field.

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This valuable new book contributes greatly to a better understanding of the service economy. By exploring the key dimensions, available empirical evidence and associated policy implications, the author comprehensively investigates the new challenges facing the global economy, including employment, productivity, innovation and competitiveness. The case of the European services is highlighted, particularly in comparison to the US.On the basis of these challenges, the book examines the existing and potential services-related policies at the EU level, incorporating discussions on regulation, competition policy, internal markets and regional policies. The book argues that the orientation of many of these policies is still in its incipient stages and there is much to be done in terms of scope, definition, coordination and shaping to satisfy the needs and varied nature of heterogeneous services. To have a strong and integrated services market in the EU remains as a major policy objective requiring new impetus and political ambition in order to succeed.This is a unique work combining new evidence on the service economy and a full range of policy implications at the EU level. As such it will be of interest to researchers and policymakers, professionals in service firms, students in international business and those interested in services as a dimension of any economic and business activity.

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Written by leading authorities in the field of European civil procedure and collective redress, this timely book explores the model collective proceedings rules in the ELI/UNDROIT European Rules of Civil Procedure. It explains the intended application of this 'best practice' set of collective redress rules, intended to promote greater consistency in civil and commercial court procedure across Europe, linking to existing European practice and initiatives in the field.Chapters investigate important issues for mass and collective actions including certification of actions as suitable for collective treatment, collective settlement, costs and funding. Concluding with insights from class action experts outside Europe, this incisive book provides objective perspectives on this rapidly developing area of European legal practice and proposes areas where these rules may influence class actions internationally.Collective and Mass Litigation in Europe will be a key resource for scholars and students of collective redress and civil procedure. The commentary on this significant benchmark in collective redress litigation will also be of benefit to policy makers, judges and legal practitioners involved in mass claims.

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The preparation for European Monetary Union and the significant drop in inflation characterize the 1990s for European monetary policymakers. In the near future, the European Central Bank will be given the responsibility to fight inflation in the Euro area. This timely book analyses technical, empirical and international monetary policy considerations relevant to the European Central Bank in choosing an appropriate monetary strategy for achieving price stability. The dynamics of inflation and the choice of a monetary strategy are the binding ingredients of this book. To identify the most effective policy for the European Central Bank, the author uses the experiences of a number of industrialized countries, namely, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France, the United States, Canada and New Zealand. It is concluded that monetary targeting would be most effective in fighting inflation. The author also examines in detail the success of economic convergence in Europe and the qualification for participation in the Economic and Monetary Union. He concludes that there has been a remarkable convergence in inflation profiles over the last few decades but hardly any real convergence in the other major economic fields.This volume takes a fresh and original approach in investigating whether monetary or direct inflation targeting is appropriate for the European Central Bank. It will be of great relevance to monetary policy makers both in Europe and the rest of the world. It will also be of interest to academics and students of monetary economics and econometrics.

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Donald Stabile places current concerns over the commercialization of academia in a historical context by describing the long-standing question of the extent to which market economics can and should be applied to higher education. The debate between Plato and Aristotle on one side and sophists on the other provides a foundation for the modern debate of endowment versus tuition models. The author tackles the intellectual discourse over the mission of higher education and the effect markets and competition might have on it. The discussion encompasses the ideas on higher education of leading economic thinkers such as Adam Smith, Jeremy Benthan, John Stuart Mill, Alfred Marshall, Thorstein Veblen and John K. Galbraith and identifies them as supporters of either sophism or virtue. Included, too, are the thoughts of educators and policymakers influenced by free market ideas, such as Benjamin Rush, Francis Wayland and Charles W. Eliot, as well as those opposed to them. In addition, the author explores the development of collegiate business schools in the US and how they were justified on the basis of virtue. The book concludes with a section on for-profit colleges and their relationship to sophism.This fascinating study of the centuries-old intellectual debate over the mission of academia will appeal to all those involved with higher education. Historians of economic thought will find the influence of economic ideas on this debate of great interest.

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The field of entrepreneurship has long pondered the following question: Why, despite their high levels of motivation, effort and commitment, do so many entrepreneurs fail? This innovative volume tackles the complex question of entrepreneurial success, identifying the essential tools necessary for converting ideas into reality and offering concrete means for acquiring and strengthening those tools.Though entrepreneurial success or failure can be partly attributed to external considerations such as market fluctuations and competitor activity, Robert A. Baron argues that the individual entrepreneur is often crucial in determining whether an idea succeeds or fails. Using current, concrete data, the author demonstrates the critical importance of the entrepreneur's skills, knowledge and other personal resources to the outcome of his or her entrepreneurial undertakings. Written in a clear and vibrant style, this groundbreaking book offers both a detailed breakdown of the personal attributes that foster entrepreneurial success as well as helpful suggestions for achieving and enhancing those same attributes in one s own search for entrepreneurial excellence.Professors and students of entrepreneurship, as well as their peers in other innovation-based fields such as engineering and the sciences, will find this book an invaluable resource for both the study and practice of successful entrepreneurship.Contents: Preface 1. The Nature of Entrepreneurship-and Why Entrepreneurs Truly Matter 2. Motivation: Why Entrepreneurs Make the Journey 3. Human Cognition: The Internal Origins of Creativity, Innovation, and Ideas for the Possible 4. From Desire to Achievement: The Crucial Role of Self-Regulation 5. The Social Side of Entrepreneurship: Getting the Help You Need 6. The Personal Side of Entrepreneurial Excellence: Characteristics that Enhance Success 7. Making Decisions-and Avoiding Cognitive Traps 8. Managing Adversity: Dealing with Stress, learning from Our Mistakes, and Coping with Failure 9. Putting it All Together: A Model of the Highly Effective Entrepreneur

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Choice Modelling is a technique that has recently emerged as a means of estimating the demand for environmental goods and the benefits and costs associated with them. The aims of the book are fourfold: to introduce the technique in the environmental context to demonstrate its use in a range of case studies to provide insights into some methodological issues to explore the prospects for the technique. The authors contributing to the book show that choice modelling offers considerable potential for the evaluation of environmental goods and services. Its flexibility to cope with a wide range of applications is well demonstrated. The technique also presents numerous challenges to practitioners. A number of these are addressed in the book.Informed and innovative, this book will prove indispensable to all scholars, researchers and practitioners in the areas of environmental studies and environmental economics.

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Pharmaceuticals play a central role in health care throughout the world. The pharmaceutical industry is beset with difficulties as increasing research and development expenditure yields fewer new treatments. Public and private budgets strain under the weight of high prices and limited access. The world's poor see little effort to address diseases prevalent in less affluent societies, while the world's wealthy are overusing prescription drugs, risking their health and wasting resources.The debate over health care reform and the ongoing global economic crisis form the backdrop for this extraordinarily timely examination of the global system for the development, production, distribution and use of medicines. The authors are acknowledged experts in the fields of pharmaceutical law and policy, with many years experience advising governments, multilateral organizations and policy-makers on issues involving innovation, access and use of medicines. Supported by a team of independent scientists, doctors and lawyers, they take an insightful look at the issues surrounding global regulation of the pharmaceutical sector, and offer pragmatic suggestions for reform.This book will be of interest to government policy-makers, members of industry, healthcare professionals, teachers, students and lawyers in the fields of public health, intellectual property and international trade.

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In the context of the current debate on the desirability and process of forming European private law (EPL), this book considers one fundamental question addressing its descriptive and normative dimension: does and should EPL pursue regulatory objectives beyond market integration? The editors argue that because national categories are of little help in grasping the characteristics of a multi-level regulatory system, it is necessary to link three perspectives: private law, regulation and conflict of laws. This book explores this interaction in four distinct fields: product liability, environmental protection, public utilities and e-commerce. The results show that EPL is highly regulatory and that the implications of this change have not been adequately considered by institutions and by scholars.The Regulatory Function of European Private Law will be of great interest to academics of law, as well as to private and public lawyers and European policymakers.

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This study examines the way that the modernization and incorporation of the American publishing industry in the early twentieth century both helped to foment the emerging late industrial cultural hierarchy and capitalized on that same hierarchy to increase readership and profits. More importantly, however, it attempts to trace the ways in which recently-introduced marketing techniques, reconceived ideas of audience, and new paradigms in author-publisher relations affected American writers of the 1930s and the literature they produced. Using case studies of authors chosen from various points on the spectrum of so-called high-, middle-, and lowbrow literature, the author demonstrates that, contrary to popular critical opinion, this new publishing landscape--dominated by big-business practices and strict categorizations of audiences, writers, and works--did not ruin or corrupt literature but in fact enriched our literary heritage by providing authors with inspiration and opportunity that they may not otherwise have had.

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Previously restricted to cascading information and managing day-to-day conversations, internal communication is now essential to empowering employees to deliver business strategy. Strategic Internal Communication shows how to design and implement a strategy which will lead to engaged and motivated staff, increased productivity and consequently improved business performance. The book uses the author's own Dialogue Box tool designed to help companies explore more thoroughly what kinds of conversations they need to have with employees to address internal and cultural challenges. It helps transform organizations into open and transparent communities to ensure that entire workforces are committed to the overall business vision. This fully updated 2nd edition of Strategic Internal Communication includes new information on how to use Dialogue Box during times of transition and organizational change. It also gives advice on how to manage difficult conversations and avoid damaging miscommunication and misinterpretation. Supported by examples and case studies from the author's own experience, Strategic Internal Communication is an indispensable guide to creating an integrated and collaborative culture which will take your organization to the next level of success.

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Research suggests that an increasing number of people experience organisational changes such as mergers and acquisitions as highly emotional life events. Indeed, given that, as the authors prove, 70% of all mergers and acquisitions fail to reach their initial goals largely because of neglected people issues, it is a must for every manager and M&A researcher to understand the emotional side of such change processes. This fascinating book explains how managerial behaviour and communication styles influence the emotions of employees and affect their readiness to contribute to a successful post-merger integration. It combines emotion theories from other disciplines with recent M&A findings, and offers practical implications through illustrative case studies.Academics and practitioners will find the combination of management literature with psychology and sociology literature of great interest.

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Marianna Klochko and Peter Ordeshook address an under-studied issue from rational choice theory - the common assumption that individual time preferences are exogenous and fixed. They then present empirical evidence to suggest that this is not the case, exploring a computer simulation model that allows for the evolutionary change of time preferences. This is done, moreover, in the context of social networks that are themselves endogenously determined.Beginning with the observation that individual time preferences are endogenous to social context, the authors develop a computer simulation of endogenous time preferences in social networks, the structure of which are themselves allowed to be endogenous. The core conclusion offered, aside from demonstrating the inter-relationship between time preference and network structure, is to show how social complexity can arise from even simple linear structures - a degree of complexity unlikely to be describable with close form analytic models. This volume, moreover, is an application of evolutionary game theory to our understanding of dynamic social processes.Economists concerned with networks, information, behavioral processes and evolutionary games, political scientists and sociologists interested in social networks, and students in all of these disciplines will find this illuminating book a welcome addition to their libraries

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Economic Theory and Policy in Context brings together a selection of R.D. Collison Black’s essays on the relationships between economic theory and policy, viewed historically.Beginning with a series of essays concerned with economists and economic policy in nineteenth century Ireland, the volume continues with a section entitled ‘In and Out of the Mainstream’ featuring studies of the work of economists, both famous and obscure, which reflect their author’s special interest in the relation between economics and biography. The final section on the economics of W.S. Jevons brings together papers which encouraged a revival of interest in that economist, including two which were previously unpublished.R.D. Collison Black is one of the very few economists who has used the tools of history to study the relationship of economic theory to policy in detail. Bringing together his most important work in one accessible volume, this collection of his essays will be welcomed by students and researchers in the history of economic thought.

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Moving People and Knowledge provides a fresh examination of the processes of highly skilled science migration. Focusing on intra-European mobility and, in particular, on the new dynamics of East-West migration, the authors investigate the movement of Polish and Bulgarian researchers to and from the UK and Germany. Key questions include: who is moving, how long for, and why? In addressing the motivations and experiences of mobile scientists and their families, insights into professional and personal motivations are provided, demonstrating how relationships, networks and infrastructures shape decision-making. This book provides a useful perspective on the implications of increasing researcher mobility - for both sending and receiving regions and the individuals concerned - which is necessary for the construction of future policies on sustainable scientific development. This empirical account provides a nuanced analysis of the duration and flow of scientific mobility showing the prevalence of repeat and shuttle moves in science careers. It will be of particular interest to researchers in European social policy, migration studies and EU law, as well as policymakers in the field of highly skilled migration - especially those working on the free movement of persons provisions and the European Research Area and European Area of Higher Education.

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A consideration of the theme of demons as teachers in early English literature. In early English literature ca 700-1000 C.E., demons are represented as teachers who use methods of persuasion and argumentation to influence their "pupils". By deploying these methods, related to the liberal arts of rhetoric anddialectic, demons become masters of verbal manipulation. Their pupils are frequently women or Jews, seemingly marginal figures but who often oppose the authority of demonic pedagogues and challenge their deceptive lessons. In poetic accounts of the Fall of the Angels, the Fall of Adam and Eve, and the lives of the saints, those who debate with demons redefine the significance of narrative, authority, and resistance in early medieval pedagogy. This book argues that these encounters between demonic teachers and their pupils are both epistemological, altering the pupils' knowledge, and ontological, affecting their state of being. As the pupils "learn", the physical locations theyoccupy align with rhetorical and dialectical topoi, or conceptual spaces in the mind, as minds, souls, bodies, and places are integrated into cohesive lived experience. The volume thus explores early medieval pedagogy as a spirituo-material practice, both embodied and emplaced, with the potential to alter the onto-epistemological dynamics of the world.

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Co-operatives are found in all industry sectors and almost all countries around the world. However, despite their significant economic and social contributions, the academic literature has largely ignored these important businesses. This book is a detailed examination of the co-operative enterprise business model and the factors that help to enhance its sustainability and resilience, as well as those forces that lead to its destruction.The authors synthesize theories of business model design and strategic and marketing management to examine the forces that sustain and enhance co-operative enterprise. Organised into six themes and focussed on five key research questions, the chapters explore case studies from around the world and across a wide range of industries and aim to stimulate debate.This comprehensive work expands upon existing research whilst introducing new concepts, and will appeal to both academics and practitioners. It will also interest managers of co-operative enterprises and those who seek to better understand this unique type of business.

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From screening and diagnosis to prevention and treatment, every aspect of gastrointestinal endoscopy as a therapeutic measure is addressed in this volume. The authors are recognized authorities in this field, and in Therapeutic Gastrointestinal Endoscopy they present a problem-oriented, evidence-based textbook. In each chapter, it cites the key medical literature that can be studied for further reference. The book uses dozens of figures, photographs and illustrations to address the key issues of assessment, diagnosis and options for treatment. The authors present cohesive arguments for the preferred chosen management regime.

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The structure and policy architecture of the world economy, as it emerges from the historic challenges now underway, will be affected by the dramatic rise of Asian economies and deepening connections among them. This important book examines the rapid transformation of the Asian economy, the challenges it faces, emerging regional solutions, and how Asia can play a more constructive role in the global economy.Asia is becoming not just the world?s factory, but also its leading creditor, and one of its key sources of dynamism and stability. Key questions are identified and addressed in three areas: Asia?s growth and productivity, financial stability, and regional economic integration. In each of these areas, the contributing authors evaluate current trends and the forces shaping the future. They consider whether the region?s progress is sustainable and what it will take to make it so. How is Asia reshaping its economy in response to the changing global landscape? More urgently, how can Asia weather the severe financial and economic storm originating from the global credit crisis? How will it extend its gains to people left behind? And how can it contribute to better governance and greater prosperity in the world economy? This book covers new ground by connecting theory, assembling detailed evidence on trends and challenges, and offering forward-looking policy prescriptions.This timely book will appeal to Asian economic policy-makers as well as postgraduate students interested in Asian economies, international economics and regional integration. Staff of international and regional organizations interested in Asian economies will also find this book invaluable.

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This book provides a timely and engaging treatment of Hyman Minsky's approach to economics, which is enjoying a renewed appreciation because of its prescient analysis of the slow but sure transformation of the capitalist economy in the post-war period. Many have called the global financial crisis that began in the United States in 2007 a 'Minsky crisis', and these collected contributions demonstrate precisely why both academic economists as well as policy makers have turned to Minsky for guidance. The book brings together the foremost Minsky scholars to provide a comprehensive overview of his approach, with extensions to bring the analysis up to date.With the 2008 republication of his seminal books John Maynard Keynes (1975) and Stabilizing an Unstable Economy (1986), Minsky's ideas saw an unprecedented resurgence. This companion exemplifies this resurgence by emphasizing that economists have discovered Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis and have widely applied it to the course of events in the US from 2004 until the real estate market went bust. The book also argues that many commentators have recently begun to employ Minsky's hedge, speculative and Ponzi classification scheme to analyze the evolution of mortgage markets. Many of Minsky's favorite themes - 'stability is destabilizing', the role of the 'Big Government' and 'Big Bank' in constraining endogenous instability, banker's rationality, money non-neutrality, creative destruction and innovation by financial institutions - are taken up in the chapters commissioned especially for this volume. Using the introductory chapter as a springboard, the work here delves deeply into Minsky's ideas and how they have impacted thought today.The scope and comprehensive analyses found in this companion will appeal particularly to economists and post-Keynesian economists, institutionalists and upper-level scholars of economics and finance. Contributors: T. Assenza, M. Auerback, R.J. Barbera, R. Bellofiore, D. Delli Gatti, S. Dow, G.A. Dymski, P. Ferri, D.K. Foley, J.K. Galbraith, M. Gallegati, J. Halevi, J. Kregel, P. McCulley, E. Nasica, D.B. Papadimitriou, R.W. Parenteau, M. Passarella, D.M. Sastre, M. Shubik, E. Tymoigne, C.L. Weise, L.R. Wray

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An insight into moral skepticism of the 20th century. The author argues that our every-day moral codes are an 'error theory' based on the presumption of moral facts which, he persuasively argues, don't exist. His refutation of such facts is based on their metaphysical 'queerness' and the observation of cultural relativity.

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This topical book analyses the main difficulties facing both existing, and candidate, EU countries in the area of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) on the eve of enlargement. It also presents an excellent compendium of constructive policy recommendations, which the authors believe are needed to pave the way towards and after enlargement. The policy recommendations reflect the richness and difficulty of the debate as well as the sensitivity of the issues at stake - seeking to strike a balance between security, liberty and justice in the EU at this challenging time.The contributions have been grouped under three main headings, preceded by an overview of the progress and obstacles in the area of JHA. Practical recommendations are presented for each of the three areas: the fundamentals of JHA policies in a post-enlargement EU scenarios for crime, law and justice in an enlarged European Union towards an immigration and asylum policy for Europe. Written by academics, high-level practitioners and policymakers, this book will appeal to scholars of European studies and law, European-level policymakers and policy analysts. A wide variety of civil servants and lawyers will also find much of interest.

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The first book in a fantastically funny new history series from best-selling author and chart-topping podcaster Greg Jenner!Think history is just a boring list of facts and dates? Think again! History is hectic, exciting and unpredictable in fact, it's absolute CHAOS! Join bestselling author Greg Jenner on a riotously fun journey through ancient Egypt, from brilliant beginnings to epic ending. Accompanied by expert Egyptologist Dr Campbell Price and with side-splitting illustrations from Rikin Parekh, Greg's whirlwind tour will cover everything you need to know about the Egyptians and show you what it would REALLY have been like to live through thousands of years of chaotic history. Hold on tight, because with history, you'll never believe what happens next!

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This book presents provides a rigorous yet accessible treatment of the main topics in climate change policy using a large body of research generated using WITCH (World Induced Technical Change Hybrid), an innovative and path-breaking integrated assessment model.The authors give a particular emphasis to the analysis of technological change necessary to build low-carbon economies. The WITCH model can track all of the actions which impact the level of mitigation - such as R&D expenditures, investments in carbon-free technologies and adaptation, purchases of emission permits, or expenditures for carbon taxes - thus allowing for the evaluation of equilibrium responses stimulated by different climate policy tools. The chapters examine various questions to explore the future of climate change policy. Why is it so hard to achieve a global agreement that paves the way to widespread reductions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions? What are the technologies that would deliver clean energy without harming economic growth? And finally, how does uncertainty about future policies and future technologies affect choices in the present?This innovative book will appeal to researchers, policy makers and academics interested in climate change policy.Contributors: V. Bosetti, C. Carraro, E. De Cian, T. Longden, E. Massetti, L. Nicita, F. Sferra, A. Sgobbi, M. Tavoni

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Along with its interrelated companion volume, The Technology, Business, and Economics of Streaming Video, this book examines the next generation of TV-online video. It reviews the elements that lead to online platforms and video clouds and analyzes the software and hardware elements of content creation and interaction, and how these elements lead to different styles of video content.What are the models of this new content? What kind of cultural and societal acceleration can we expect? What are the societal implications of the next-generation media system? What problems are emerging? What kind of market power is emerging in media industries, around the world? And how can one deal with them? The author addresses these questions with facts and figures, ranging across technology, economics, communications studies, business, policy, and law. He reviews the regulatory options, and recommends a new approach for video media. Media professionals in academia, management, technology, policy and creative production will value the approachable yet thorough information presented in The Content, Impact, and Regulation of Streaming Video.

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Mankind is faced with a number of serious problems that demand an effective solution. The prevalence of injustice and the frequency of financial crises are two of the most serious of these problems. Consisting of an in-depth introduction along with a selection of eight of Muhammad Umer Chapra's essays - four on Islamic economics and four on Islamic finance - this timely book raises the question of what can be done to not only minimize the frequency and severity of the financial crises, but also make the financial system more equitable.The author considers the origins of Islamic economics and outlines its development and underlying principles. He compares the approach taken to ethics and economics in Islam with that taken in the West, considering whether lessons can be applied to the global financial architecture in order to mitigate against financial crises. The book also examines the case against interest and looks at both innovation in Islamic finance, as well as challenges facing the industry.Written by a leading authority in the field, this book will be a stimulating resource for students and researchers in Islamic economics and finance, as well as providing valuable insight to all of those with an interest in financial systems and their interaction with society.Contents: Preface Introduction Part I Islamic Economics 1. Is it Necessary to Have Islamic Economics? 2. Islamic Economics: What it is and How it Developed 3. Ethics and Economics: The Islamic Imperative 4. Ibn Khaldun's Theory of Development: Does it Help Explain the Low Performance of the Present Day Muslim World? Part II Islamic Finance 5. The Case Against Interest: Is it Compelling? 6. Innovation and Authenticity in Islamic Finance 7. Challenges Facing the Islamic Financial Industry 8. The Global Financial Crisis: Some Suggestions for Reform of the Global Financial System in the Light of Islamic Finance Index

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This Handbook explores the current state of university-wide entrepreneurship education programs and provides a comprehensive reference guide for the planning and implementation of an entrepreneurship curriculum beyond the business school environment. A variety of authors spanning five countries and multiple disciplines discuss the opportunities and universal challenges in extending entrepreneurship education to the sciences, performing arts, social sciences, humanities, and liberal arts environments. The Handbook is designed to assist educators in developing new programs and pedagogical approaches based upon the previous experiences of others who have forged this exciting new path.Sections of the Handbook are devoted to philosophies and theory that provide a legitimate intellectual foundation for the fusion of entrepreneurship education with other traditional disciplines of the university, the politics and process of implementing entrepreneurship initiatives outside business schools, and examples of approaches to implementing entrepreneurship education outside business schools. The book identifies expected problems and solutions for new entrepreneurship curriculum development. It offers theory on education pedagogy that is critical to addressing concerns of non-business educators, and provides examples of successful efforts in a variety of non-business departments.Entrepreneurship faculty across disciplines and graduate students seeking ways to broaden involvement in entrepreneurship curriculum will find this volume invaluable, as will school administrators both in business and in the arts and sciences.

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This thoughtful book provides an overview of the major developments in the theory and practice of 'environmental justice'. It illustrates the direction of the evolution of rights of nature and exposes the diverse meanings and practical uses of the concept of environmental justice in different jurisdictions, and their implications for the law, society and the environment.The term 'environmental justice' has different meanings to different scholars and is applied in many different contexts. For some, the focus is on equal distribution of the earth's benefits, with concern for the interests of the less wealthy, disadvantaged minorities, or indigenous peoples. For others, the focus is on the interests of the earth and nature itself. Additionally, for some, environmental justice is a framework for discourse, whilst for others it connotes specific legal principles and procedures. The application of these interpretations through the law involves diverse approaches and rules. In this timely book, expert contributors identify the meanings and the practical translations of environmental justice, reflecting the perspectives of academic, judicial and indigenous people from many countries. Among the issues considered are the rights of nature and its application through judicial practice, and approaches to respecting the laws, cultures and the rights of Indigenous peoples.This integrated exploration of the topic will provide an excellent resource for scholars, judicial officers and practitioners interested in environmental and social justice issues.Contributors: J. Aseron, S.Z. Bigdeli, K. Bosselmann, C. Chaulk, J.I. Colón-Ríos, D. Craig, T. Daya-Winterbottom, W. Du Plessis, B. France-Hudson, E. Gachenga, S. Glazebrook, L. Godden, N. Greymorning, R. Karky, A. Keene, A. Kennedy, J. Khatarina, P. Martin, E. O'Connell, M. Perry, W. Phromlah, B.J. Preston, V. Rive, J.G. Rose, M.A. Santosa, A.S. Suwana, A. Telesetsky, J. Williams

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The book gives detailed discussions of essential EU climate law and presents profound national reports which cover the transposition of EU law and focus on national climate strategies, which are often complex and sometimes also ambitious. Comparative studies at the grassroots level are an important source of ideas and possibilities and also useful documentation both for researchers and political actors.'- Erkki Hollo, University of Helsinki, Finland'This is an outstanding collection of essays by a multi-national team of leading scholars. It reminds us that in a system of multi-level governance, it is crucial to examine and appraise developments not only at the level of the European Union but also within the Member States. This task has become easier with the publication of this excellent book.'- Joanne Scott, University College London, UKThe complex and multifaceted nature of EU climate legislation poses a major challenge for EU Member States. This timely book focuses on national climate action, addressing the regulatory responses required for the purposes of meeting greenhouse gas emissions reduction objectives for 2020 (and beyond).The book seeks to answer such questions as: what kind of legislative approaches should be developed to comply with EU climate law? What room for national discretion should remain? What opportunities exist to go beyond EU ambitions? In addition, distinguished authors analyze national regulatory developments across selected Member States, identifying potential areas for review and improvement. The book offers further discussion and legal analysis of core themes such as: long-term target setting; contrasting legislative approaches; instrument mixes; and key linkages between environmental and energy law.In light of the challenges confronting national legislators, this book offers important insights into the role and contribution of law towards improved climate protection, with potential lessons for countries both within and outside the EU. With this in mind, Climate Law in EU Member States will be a valuable read for policymakers and civil servants at national ministries and at the European Commission, carbon consultants and environmental non-governmental organizations, as well as for academics in and outside the EU.Contributors: E. Bergsma, J. de Cendra de Larragán, K. de Graaf, J. Gupta, N. Hervé-Fournereau, M. Holwerda, G. Kaminskaite-Salters, L. Karski, A. Langlais, T. Parejo Navajas, M. Peeters, B. Pozzo, C. Reid, T. Schomerus, L. Squintani, M. Stallworthy, N. van der Grijp, S. Weishaar

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This new book provides an in-depth analysis of the projects of improvement carried out by the civilian peacebuilding missions in Bosnia and Macedonia, drawing on the work of Michel Foucault to make the case that the EU’s (self-) image as a model peacebuilder conceals another side of the European Security and Defence Policy. The authors explore the double-sided nature of peacebuilding missions, on the one hand, as a way to pacify, democratize, humanize and improve life in societies emerging from crisis or violence and, on the other hand, as a kind of political pastorate that limits the range of acceptable heterogeneity by refashioning, repositioning and reorganizing subjects in line with transcendentalized notions of good governance. The authors develop a limited reform agenda for how EU police missions can fold an agonistic generosity more deeply into their civilizing ethos in order to ensure they have a light expatriate footprint in their host countries. The prescriptive part of the book also discusses generic problems in the implementation of EU police reforms and suggests ways to overcome these challenges. This book will be of great interest to students of European politics, sociology, political science and theory.

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In Not Just for the Money Professor Frey challenges traditional economic theory and argues that people do not act in expectation of monetary gain alone, nor do they work solely because they are paid. Furthermore, the author claims that higher monetary compensation as well as regulations crowd-out motivation in important circumstances. Offering higher pay may make people less committed to their work and may reduce their performance. They thus behave in exactly the opposite way the fundamental price-effect of economics predicts.The first part of the book considers the Crowding-Out Effect and the Motivational Spill-Over Effect. The second part explores a large number of applications to constitutional questions, various policy issues and the organization of firms. The final part discusses the substantial consequences for policy making and economic theory.This path breaking book is bound to create controversy and debate. It will appeal not only to economists but to a wide range of social scientists who want to go beyond the traditional assumption of economic man.

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This timely book offers a fresh view on how oceans and coasts are, and should be, managed. The urgency of this issue is increasingly being recognized, as critical limits to the economic exploitation of our oceans and coasts are reached. The authors argue that ecological economics is in a unique position to address this problem given its particular focus on interconnected ecological and economic systems.Four 'cornerstones' of this ecological economics approach to the oceans and coasts are presented; most importantly, sustainability is the overarching policy goal, rather than economic efficiency, as I soften emphasized in mainstream economics. Secondly, recognizing the biophysical limits and thresholds of marine systems is fundamental. Thirdly, a complex systems view is adopted, which has profound implications for managing marine systems in the face of intrinsic uncertainty, irreversibility and interdependent behaviour. Finally, the approach is necessarily methodologically pluralistic, given the complexity and multi-faceted character of marine ecological-economic systems.Ecological Economics of the Oceans and Coasts is a unique book that will be warmly welcomed by ecological economists, researchers and academics of coastal and marine management and policy as well as natural resource and environmental economists. Policy advisors on oceans and coasts, coastal and marine managers will also find this book of great interest and value.

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Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This cutting edge book introduces the origins and consequences of digital platforms, examining how artificial intelligence-enabled digital platforms collect and process data from and about users by providing social media and e-commerce services. Robin Mansell and W. Edward Steinmueller compare and contrast neoclassical, institutional and critical political economy approaches. They show how uneven power relationships between platform operators and their users are analysed in different economic traditions. Key features include: analysis of economic and public values provides a foundation for platform regulation examines the impacts of platforms on the media industry challenges claims of the inevitability of platform dominance discusses key challenges, including: artificial intelligence, data sharing and competition in the digital economy. This concise book will be indispensable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of media and communication studies, innovation studies and economics, particularly those focusing on platform economics.

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Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. This cutting edge book introduces the origins and consequences of digital platforms, examining how artificial intelligence-enabled digital platforms collect and process data from and about users by providing social media and e-commerce services. Robin Mansell and W. Edward Steinmueller compare and contrast neoclassical, institutional and critical political economy approaches. They show how uneven power relationships between platform operators and their users are analysed in different economic traditions. Key features include: analysis of economic and public values provides a foundation for platform regulation examines the impacts of platforms on the media industry challenges claims of the inevitability of platform dominance discusses key challenges, including: artificial intelligence, data sharing and competition in the digital economy. This concise book will be indispensable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of media and communication studies, innovation studies and economics, particularly those focusing on platform economics.

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The context for this book is the increasingly complex relationship between economic theory and competition law which gives rise to lively political and academic debate on the direction competition law should take in a more global and innovation-oriented market place.The authors adopt a comparative, research-orientated approach, taking into account different situations in the US, Europe, Japan and transition and developing countries. They investigate the impact of economics on the objectives of competition law in various fields - restrictive agreements, unilateral restraints and merger control - and on the effectiveness of enforcement in a given legal and judicial system.Economic Theory and Competition Law is an insightful resource for law and economics scholars. Legal practitioners in the field of competition law will also value this book.

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Entrepreneurship education is an area of growing importance within entrepreneurship research. This book critically discusses innovation and entrepreneurship in new and varied contexts in Europe.Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Education explores the need for researching innovation and learning in family firms, micro firms, SMEs and in rural and network contexts. The chapters offer new insights into the antecedents of business performance in SMEs by investigating social capital and marketing capabilities. The book includes a new typology for analysing entrepreneurship education programmes, discusses opportunities in embedding entrepreneurship in teacher education and explores entrepreneurship in the informal learning arenas in universities. This book includes a wide range of studies from different analytical and methodological perspectives and from various regional and industrial contexts. As such, it is a valuable tool for advanced students wishing to gain an overview of research on European entrepreneurship. Researchers in entrepreneurship would also benefit from the up-to-date research analysis in this book.Contributors include: L. Aaboen, T. Aadland, K. Axelsson, D. Aylward, M. Belarouci, R. Blackburn, A. De Massis, V. François, U. Hytti, S. Joensuu-Salo, E.J.B. Jørgensen, F. Kelliher, S. Kettunen, K. Kohtakangas, C. Lafaye, E. Laveren, M. Markowska, L. Mathisen, P. Parkkari, L. Reinl, P. Rovelli, K. Sorama, F. Welter, M. Westerberg

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In The Makers of Modern Economics scholars at the peak of their powers reflect on their influences, education and careers as well as the wider concerns of economics as a discipline.Leading figures at the centre of developments in modern economic theory have been invited by Arnold Heertje to discuss their careers, their work to date and, in particular, their views on future research. The first volume in this series was acclaimed by Professor David Audretsch as ‘a unique insight into the thoughts and lives of prominent economists’. . . The second volume includes essays by Mauro L. Baranzini, Paul Krugman, Masahiko Aoki, Bruno S. Frey, Edmund S. Phelps and Oliver E. Williamson.These essays discuss their development as scientists, the problems and issues that interested them, and the individuals who guided and influenced them. The Makers of Modern Economics offers an exciting impression of the - sometimes conventional, sometimes unexpected - course of their lives.

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Recent years have seen significant evolution in the European Commission's approach to State aid policy. This thought-provoking book analyses the enforcement of State Aid law in the aftermath of the State aid Modernization initiative, identifying a number of emerging trends at both national and EU level. Eminent scholars unpack the recent developments that have contributed to the decentralization of the enforcement of State Aid law, including the General Block Exemption Regulation which allows a larger number of aid schemes to be implemented by national authorities without prior notification to the European Commission. Timely contributions also consider the increasing role of national courts in the enforcement of State aid rules, as well as the Commission's current reliance on State Aid policy to pursue common objectives of EU interest, thus shaping a de facto EU industrial policy. This discerning book is a key resource for students and scholars specializing in both State Aid law and EU law more widely. Containing detailed analysis of the legal and economic consequences of State Aid Modernization, EU State Aid Law will also interest practitioners, economists, and public officials involved in State Aid enforcement. Contributors include: M. Boccaccio, M. Botta, G. Bruzzone, F. Caliento, S. Donzelli, A. Heimler, M. Merola, G. Monti, P.L. Parcu, F, Pastor-Merchante, J.J. Piernas López, M.A. Rossi, A. Scott, J. Weinzierl, B. Willemot-Nieuwenhuys

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The Middle Way was first taught explicitly by the Buddha. It is the first teaching offered by the Buddha in his first address, and the basis of his practical method in meditation, ethics, and wisdom. It is often mentioned in connection with Buddhist teachings, yet the full case for its importance has not yet been made. This book aims to make that case. The Middle Way can be understood from the Buddha's life as well as his teachings. His early life follows a symbolic quest through the extremes of the Palace and the Forest, followed by the discovery of the Middle Way. His similes, such as the raft, the lute-strings, the arrow, and the blind people with the elephant are not just allegories of Buddhist teachings, but relate closely to the universal human experience of balanced judgement. This book also has a critical case. Although it has transmitted the Middle Way, the Buddhist tradition has also often ignored or distorted it. The Middle Way is experiential, authentic and creative, and thus threatening to the power of a tradition that has instead emphasised the Buddha's authority as a source of abstract, absolute revelation. The Buddha's Middle Waya aims to differentiate the universal Middle Way from Buddhist tradition.

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The Kyoto Protocol has singularly failed to shape international environmental policy-making in the way that the earlier Montreal protocol did. Whereas Montreal placed reliance on the force of science and moralistic injunctions to save the planet, and successfully determined the international response to climate change, Kyoto has proved significantly more problematic. International Environmental Policy considers why this is the case.The authors contend that such arguments on this occasion proved inadequate to the task, not just because the core issues of the Kyoto process were subject to more powerful and conflicting interests than previously, and the science too uncertain, but because the science and moral arguments themselves remained too weak. They argue that 'global warming' is a failing policy construct because it has served to benefit limited but undeclared interests that were sustained by green beliefs rather than robust scientific knowledge.This highly topical book takes a frank look at the political motivations that underpin the global warming debate, and will appeal to political scientists and energy policy analysts as well as anyone with an interest in the future of the environment and in the policies we create to protect it.

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Grounded in history and written by a law professor, this book is a scholarly yet jargon-free explanation of the differences among the common and civil law concepts of the rule of law, and details how they developed out of two different cultural views of the relationships between law, individuals, and government. The book shows how those differences lead to differences in economic development, entrepreneurship, and corporate governance. The author considers the relationship among the ROL and economic development, the legal and economic differences between shareholder and stakeholder theory, and also offers insights into how to promote effective and sustainable change in law and business. Students and scholars of international business law, corporate governance, economics, and political economy will gain a general understanding of the topic in a way not previously presented.

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The significance of industrial ecology's geographic context of has for too long been neglected. This book makes a timely and pivotal contribution to the field by presenting analysis of an impressive range of case studies from across the world. Authors are highly familiar with their case study locations, which are analysed through a range of theoretical perspectives. International setting emerges as a significant contextual factor with which industrial ecology activity is inextricably linked.'- Alfred Posch, University of Graz, Austria'This book covers updated perspectives on eco-industrial parks across the world. It is an excellent work done by researchers from different backgrounds and cultures. History, barriers, institutional arrangements, policies, waste management, and greenhouse gas emissions, together with eco-industrial parks, are all discussed so that decision makers from different countries can understand the potential benefits of developing eco-industrial parks by considering their own realities. Specifically, case studies from both developing and developed countries are presented so that variations between different countries can be identified. Readers can enhance their knowledge on eco-industrial development, a useful tool for responding to challenges related to current resource depletion, environmental emissions and climate change issues.'- Geng Yong, Shanghai Jiaotong University, PR ChinaWith its high-level focus on industrial ecology-related policies such as circular economy and industrial symbiosis, this book provides a timely analysis of the industrial ecology experience worldwide. Editors Pauline Deutz, Donald I. Lyons, and Jun Bi combine their diverse experiences in both research and teaching to examine the topic as a business, community, and academic endeavor in different settings worldwide.International Perspectives on Industrial Ecology provides a cuttingeedge, in-depth exploration of the commonalities and differences of industrial ecology experiences, comparing geographical contexts from each of the world's continents. Expert contributors utilize case studies and contextualized reviews of current projects to formulate invaluable insights in the field. Much attention is given to industrial symbiosis, waste management, circular economy, sustainable development, and environmental management as each pertains to the field.This book's international perspective makes it ideal background reading for academics working in industrial ecology, as well as a valuable reference for postgraduates doing research or taking courses in the field. Public or private sector bodies trying to facilitate industrial symbiosis, economic development agencies considering industrial symbiosis projects, and environmental managers and regulators trying to improve environmental performance in their particular country will also find it engaging and relevant.Contributors: W. Ashton, L. Baas, H. Baumann, J. Bi, F. Boons, R. Branson, S. Brullot, I. Costa, C. Davis, P. Deutz, M Eklund, D. Gibbs, L. Hu, R. Isenmann, G. Korevaar, Y. Lei, L. Liu, P. Lowitt, D.I. Lyons, G. Massard, P. McManus, O.E. Olayide, J. Patchell, M. Rice, E. Romero Arozamena, C. Ruiz Puente, M. Shenoy, W. Spekkink, B. van Hoof, V. Verguts, H. Wang, Q. Wang, B. Zhang

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This book asks under which conditions cooperation is in the interest of the riparian countries sharing international waters, and how institutions must be designed to realize potential gains of cooperation. The author, Ines Dombrowsky, develops a conceptual framework that draws upon different economic theories, including the theory of external effects, non-cooperative game theory and transaction costs economics. She distinguishes the different types of externality problems inherent in international water management and specifies the institutional prerequisites for cooperation. She argues that the respective problems differ with respect to the need to define property rights and to establish enforcement mechanisms. The book also explores the role of issue linkage and of international organizations to foster cooperation. The theoretic considerations are compared and contrasted with the findings of a global review of international water treaties and organizations.By taking hydrological and legal aspects into account, this book provides an interdisciplinary contribution at the interface of hydrology, law and economics. As such, it is addressed to scholars, practitioners and policy-makers, including economists, political scientists, international lawyers, natural scientists, and water resource managers.

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The search for the pioneers of financial economics contained in this volume places the origins of financial economics well outside the conventional boundaries of the history of economic thought. Under the editorship of Geoffrey Poitras, a leading authority on the history of financial economics, these specially commissioned essays comprise contributions on the seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries, and include the work of both well-known and less familiar historical figures. The subjects studied display a variety of philosophical foundations and include: Jacob Bernoulli, Joseph de la Vega, Edmond Halley, Abraham de Moivre, Duvillard de Durand, Jules Regnault, Henri Lefevre, Louis Bachelier, and Vincenz Bronzin. Life annuity valuation, the modified internal rate of return, the nineteenth-century science of financial investments, and the early development of option pricing models are just some of the issues dealt with by these early thinkers and explored in depth within these pages. An outstanding volume of original analysis, Pioneers of Financial Economics is an essential reference source of seminal contributions on the early history of financial economics.

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One of the strengths of the book is that it combines a conceptual clarification of what ethical innovation means - and why it is needed - with discussions of actual ethical innovations at each of the different responsibility levels in business ethics (the individual, organizational and systemic level).'- Geert Demuijnck, EDHEC Business School, France'Innovation in business is not new. But innovation is new in the business ethics literature. This is the first book I know of that examines both innovation in business ethics and ethical aspects of innovation in business. New ways of doing business and many of the changes brought about by technology and globalization raise ethical issues too often ignored by those in business ethics until there is a crisis or scandal. This ground-breaking group of chapters opens up a new area for research and investigation by those in business ethics and those with an interest in ethics in business.'- Richard De George, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University of Kansas, USInnovation has become a buzzword that promises dramatic changes in almost every field of business. Absent from this attention is a serious discussion of the ethical sides of dramatic change. To address this, editors Georges Enderle and Patrick E. Murphy gather a team of experts to fully examine the ethics of innovation within business and the economy in this standout addition to the Studies in TransAtlantic Business Ethics series.The book opens with an exploration and clarification of several key concepts necessary for a thorough study of innovation such as business ethics, moral innovation, creativity, and wealth creation. The opening chapters also propose a novel theoretical foundation and methodological approach with which to address ethical innovation. Subsequently, the contributors discuss challenges and opportunities of innovation for individuals, organizations, and systems while zoning in on a wide range of specific examples, including but not limited to: managerial responsibilities, morality and imagination of leaders, as well as the ethics of the Maker Movement. This comprehensive book evaluates organizational innovations from diverse parts of the world including Egypt, India, Latin America, the UK, and the US. Ethical Innovation in Business and the Economy concludes with a presentation of methods for improving economic systems, such as tracing Adam Smith in emerging enterprises, developing a justice model of marketing to the poor, and bridging the formal and informal economies in an African context.This in-depth examination of innovation, and its involvement in the business and economic world, is an invaluable reference tool for students, teachers, and researchers in business and economic ethics, as well as executives in business and other organizations who search for new and more responsible ways to address globalization, sustainability, and financialization.Contributors: T. Beschorner, D. Bevan, G.G. Brenkert, J.B. Ciulla, G. Enderle, N.-h. Hsieh, K.J. Ims, D. Koehn, M. Kolmar, G.R. Laczniak, C. Luetge, P.E. Murphy, E. O'Higgins, P.J. Opio, M.A. Santoro, N.J.C. Santos, A. Tencati, M. Uhl, P.H. Werhane, L. Zsolnai

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