Search results for ""nova""

Hearing loss is one the commonest disabling diseases affecting populations of all ages worldwide. The impairment of hearing may be the cause of impaired language development in children, the cause of scholarly issues in adolescents, the cause of worsening of quality of life in the adults, and the cause of isolation of aged people. In this book, the authors present the hearing loss in all its facets, starting from the basis of pathophysiology and anatomy, passing through the clinical and instrumental diagnosis and, finally, describing the most important diseases causing hearing loss with reasonable treatment options. A section was dedicated to the imaging of the ear with about 100 original figures. The readers will find a complete classification of genetic hearing loss and all information related to congenital deafness as well. A wide section was reserved to the description and discussion of the most important pathology leading to hearing loss (Meniere's disease, otosclerosis, trauma and occupational hearing impairment, etc.). The treatment of hearing loss is continuously evolving with the progress of technology, and the authors gave a wide space to describe all treatment options available for the patients, providing all information useful to manage hearing disease correctly.

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Uterine myomas are the most common form of benign uterine tumors, occurring in 50-60% of women. Clinically, they are mostly asymptomatic, often incidentally found on pelvic examination or by routine gynecological ultrasonographic evaluation; otherwise, in 30-40% of cases, they cause a large variety of symptoms, depending on their location and size. Currently, the therapeutic options for myomas are medical, radiological, and surgical. The aim of this book is to summarize the evidence regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of uterine myomas.

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This book, written by Charles Herman Senn (1864-1934) and originally published in 1915, brings the old recipes and techniques of cooking from during the war. It provides a unique window into peoples' lives and how they survived during the war. The book is broken down into the following sections: Recipes for Soups Fish Preparations Meat Dishes Vegetables Breakfast and Supper Dishes Sweets, Puddings Cakes and Pastries Invalid Dishes Sauces Management of Gas Stoves Inexpensive Family Meals Some Economy Hints (substitutes, for example, the can be used for Meat and Fish which were scare, how to avoid waste in food scraps and how to avoid waste in cooking, etc). Index of Recipes

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Plant micropropagation is one of the most classical and widespread biotechnological tools used around the world. Undoubtedly, this technique brought quite important advances to our knowledge about morphological, physiological and developmental patterns of plants, to the progress of genetic breeding and to the establishment of the genetic engineering, among others. This technique is based on the "in vitro farming" of plant fragments in an axenic environment, where all nutrients needed are kindly provided to the cultivated plant, which is maintained under controlled temperature and light-darkness periods. Although it can be considered an established technique, several advances have been integrated to the routines of micropropagation laboratories each year, incorporated to the productive sector and to the academy. In this book the authors aimed to shortly present some of these advances, as well as practical results of using this biotechnology towards the conservation of plant genetic resources. In seven chapters, methods employed for the micropropagation of different plant species, from agricultural cultures to tree species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and advances in techniques for explants disinfection and for analysis of stomata complexes, as well as the progresses related to the micropropagation of apple and the use of bioreactors are presented. The seven chapters of this book will contribute towards incorporating new ideas to the daily effort of each reader, reaching the basic requests of students, professors, researchers and even non-specialised readers.

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In the last decade, we have seen spurring growth in academic and industrial interest in Raman spectroscopy and its modifications, in particular, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). This is evident by the number of SERS publications in the last decade, from 580 in 2005 to almost 2000 in 2014. There are now companies worldwide that are dedicated to manufacturing SERS substrate, sensors, and other SERS-based products. The miniaturization of Raman instrumentation from bulky and expensive bench-top designs to inexpensive handheld spectrometers has allowed SERS to be employed as an in situ detection technique. Some examples of the industrial success of Raman and SERS are rapid raw material identification (RMID), Process Analytical Technology (PAT) and drug screening in pharma and biotech industries, continuous surveillance of food, water, and environmental safety, and the diagnosis and continuous monitoring of diseases like cancer, diabetes, etc. This progress in translating Raman and SERS techniques into commercial use and commercial products is possible because of the close collaboration between scientists and engineers. However, the weak signals of Raman spectroscopy is an inherent limitation of the spontaneous Raman spectroscopy technique. Therefore, several modifications have been made, including but not limited to, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS), transmission Raman spectroscopy (TRS), coherent anti-Stoke's Raman spectroscopy (CARS), and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy has become a one-of-a kind, portable, and affordable technology for in-situ detection and continuous monitoring in resource-limited-settings. The primary focus of this textbook is to try to cover the fundamentals in SERS methods of preparing substrates and sensors, and efficient spectral analysis approaches like chemometrics for diverse applications, listed in the paragraph above. However, with a goal to give a true picture to the audience when assessing the scope of spontaneous Raman and Surface-enhanced Raman for specific applications, we have briefly introduced industrially successful examples of other types of Raman spectroscopy techniques, such as SORS, TRS, and CARS.

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A biomarker is a biochemical, cellular, physiological or behavioral variation that can be measured in tissue or body fluid samples or at the level of whole organisms that provides evidence of exposure to and/or effects of one or more chemical pollutants or radiations. Based on the facts related to the existence of contaminant stressors, an understanding of chemical modes of toxicity can be incorporated with diagnostic markers of aquatic animal physiology to help understand the health status of aquatic organisms in the field. New approaches in functional genomics and bioinformatics can help discriminate individual chemicals, or groups of chemicals among complex mixtures that may contribute to adverse biological effects. By using these recent methodologies, it could be useful to shed light on the molecular evolution of the biomarkers, and which role and functionality can be better understood based on exploring the relative evolution pathways in several aquatic organisms. PhD students and scientists with interests on physiology, ecotoxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology, molecular evolution and aquatic science disciplines will find this book very useful, based on the concepts and the relative biomarkers study cases, analyzed from the evolutionary point of view.

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