Search results for ""nova""

Second harmonic generation (SHG) has a wide range of applications in today's technological era, including nonlinear optics, quantum optics, lasers, material science, medical science, biological imaging, and high-resolution optical microscopy. In the laser industry, for example, SHG is prudent to create wavelength-specific high-energy lasers. It is also used to measure ultra-short pulse width with autocorrelators. SHG is now indispensable as a spectroscopic imaging tool in applications, such as biophysical characterization of the plasma membrane, biological sensing, disease diagnostics, and investigations of biomolecular interactions at interfaces. Because of its non-destructive detection, ultrafast response, and polarization sensitivity, SHG is exploited to describe crystal structures and materials. The use of SHG to characterize two-dimensional (2D) material structures gives crucial insights into their physical properties, thereby promoting the development of the relevant basic research, leading to the investigation of the potential applications of those materials. Developments in SHG research hold promising potentials of a large class of materials, such as magnetic- and nonmagnetic layered materials, perovskites, antiferromagnetic oxides, II-VI and III-V semiconductors, and nanotubes, for a variety of technological applications. This book focuses on the process of modelling and simulations of the SHG phenomenon in the area of nonlinear and quantum optics. The first chapter provides a visualization of the scientific landscape of research in SHG using scientometric analysis from 1962 to 2020 based on Scopus database. This chapter gives new postgraduate students in the subject useful information on hot themes in SHG research and how they are related to one another. There is also a brief mention of multinational collaborative networks. The following four research chapters look at the SHG from a classical standpoint, using Maxwell's equations to describe the nonlinear optical interaction between the electromagnetic wave and the medium. Such interaction is treated quantum mechanically in the second section of the book, with the SHG process described using a propagating Hamiltonian. As such, the volume adequately describes the SHG from both the classical and quantum mechanical standpoints. This allows the postgraduate researchers, focusing on the nonlinear phenomena, resulting from light-matter interaction, to find the content useful. In the second part of this volume, readers are introduced to a full theoretical analysis of the quantum features generated in certain optical devices, such as a two-waveguide device working under the SHG and coupled waveguide arrays with the combined second- and third-order nonlinear effects. To be more specific, this part discusses how SHG-enabled devices might be a useful source of nonclassical light. This section remains relevant for postgraduate students commencing their studies in quantum optics, where the nonclassical phenomena, such as squeezing and entanglement, require a solid understanding of the underlying techniques, namely the phase space and the analytical perturbative methods.

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This volume includes eight chapters that detail recent advancements in the field of health and disease. Chapter One investigates the interaction of molybdenum complexes and polyoxometalates with DNA models. Chapter Two discusses the role of superoxide dismutase in sperm capacitation. Chapter Three details various imaging techniques for diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. Chapter Four compares and contrasts dietary supplementation advice for pregnancy from different countries around the world. Chapter Five reviews common electrolyte abnormalities in critically ill patients and provides advice regarding their management. Chapter Six explores the heterogeneity across the spectrum of HDL cholesterol subpopulations and the main components of HDL that participate in the biological activities of HDL. Chapter Seven discusses strategies for the optimization of umbilical cord blood banking. Finally, Chapter Eight concerns the involvement of the breast in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

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This volume includes seven chapters that present recent updates in materials science research. Chapter One reviews recent theoretical investigations on designing single-atom catalysts as efficient electrocatalysts in key energy conversion reactions including the oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Chapter Two investigates the potential of zirconium-based adsorbents for the sequestration of dyes and heavy metals from water bodies. Chapter Three highlights the active centers of catalytic synthesis of ammonia on a sequence of single-atom catalysts, metal alloys and clusters using density functional theory calculations, semi-empirical calculations, microkinetic modeling and experimental data. Chapter Four deals with the application of zirconium and zirconium alloys in the biomedical field. Chapter Five summarizes the latest commercially available strategies for reducing and replacing the use of toxic and polluting sanitizing agents in the food industry while still allowing for a long-lasting effect against bacterial contamination. Chapter Six includes the results of a study of metal matrix composites for identification of non-agglomerated nanodiamonds. Lastly, Chapter Seven shows that electron tunneling through a potential barrier that separates two colloidal quantum dots of germanium leads to the splitting of electron states localized over spherical interfaces.

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This volume includes six chapters, each of which provides updates in the field of engineering research. Chapter One reviews how cognitive radio schemes such as spectrum pooling among others improve the use of millimeter waves in mobile networks. Chapter Two introduces coupling theory and exhibits two manipulation methods for array antennas. Chapter Three describes a hardware implementation of a Simplified Gabor Wavelet transform-based approach for edge detection in image processing. Chapter Four presents a model of using multiple factor analysis and grouping to estimate the disparities in crop production development among different regions. Chapter Five models a cybernetic attack using colored petri nets to modify and delay the transmission of messages. Lastly, Chapter Six presents data mining techniques applied to a road traffic accidents database in Morocco to analyze choke points and intersection types that caused previous accidents.

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This volume includes six chapters describing recent advancements in chemistry research. Chapter One reviews the recent progress and future prospects of blue emitters in view of efficiency and stability. Chapter Two examines the composition of cottonseed, cottonseed oil as a fuel, transesterification of cottonseed oil, and fuel properties of cottonseed oil methyl ester. Chapter Three examines the existing body of literature on the removal of various toxic cations by organobentonites in static and dynamic conditions. Chapter Four discusses the role of superoxide dismutase in oxygen elimination systems and the utility of superoxide dismutase in future therapeutics. Chapter Five reviews recent theoretical attempts to address strong electron correlation effects within the quantum emitter coupled to plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Finally, Chapter Six investigates the effect of cottonseed oil biodiesel addition in diesel fuel on the combustion, performance, and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine.

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Hormonal Treatments in Gynaecology provides a detailed review of all the hormones used in gynaecology. It contains overall information and specific information of each hormone which could be very interesting in real practice.

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This volume includes eight chapters that present recent advancements in the field of psychology research. Chapter One discusses strategies for the prevention of suicide in old age. Chapter Two considers theoretical explanations and research on the operation of systems of emotional regulation and self-compassion in relation to the development and maintenance of problematic social anxiety. Chapter Three provides an overview of the theoretical models that attempt to explain why people perform non-suicidal self-injury behaviors and the link between these behaviors and experiential avoidance. Chapter Four provides a public health framework for how high schools can promote effective adolescent suicide prevention and intervention through the implementation of multi-tiered systems of support. Chapter Five proposes an extraction model of implicit learning operating from a background of semantic relations to explain how children learn to produce and understand the sentences of their community language. Chapter Six outlines some theoretical implications for social anxiety disorder. Chapter Seven aims to inspire discoveries of psychological tactics to decrease vulnerability to cyberattacks and offers suggestions for interventions. Finally, Chapter Eight explores how early attachment experiences affect loneliness in offenders with substance use disorders.

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Events in the contemporary world are available through a great variety of media and most of them consist of images, seemingly reflecting some "reality". Yet there is no clear understanding what constitutes reflection, image, cultural symbolic designs and who is the reflecting Self. The text investigates the difference between visuality, images, vision and the different concepts of reality which are at the base of our understanding of the great varieties of means for reflection - from theological to technical.

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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), a process of utilising on-structure or remote sensing systems and/or imaging techniques to monitor the performance of structures and evaluate their health conditions, has rapidly grown worldwide on its research and industrial practices in recent years. Recent disastrous bridge failures, such as the collapses of the Nanfang'ao tied-arch bridge in Taiwan, the Wuxi National Highway 312 overpass in China, and the Pont de Mirepoix suspension bridge in France, all in the year 2019, and the Mexico City Metro overpass collapse in 2021, have further reminded us of the importance of structural health monitoring for civil infrastructures. During the last three decades, SHM has attracted enormous research efforts around the world because it targets on monitoring structural conditions to prevent catastrophic failure and to provide quantitative data for engineers and infrastructure owners to design reliable and economical asset management plans. This book showcases the recent advancement in SHM research, especially for civil engineering applications in Australia, covering the state-of-the-art SHM technologies together with its latest developments and successful applications. The book provides a glance on the research outcomes in SHM-related areas delivered by some of the experts in Australian universities. This book is launched to mark the significant milestone of the 10th Anniversary of Australian Network of Structural Health Monitoring (ANSHM) and its contribution to the SHM research and practice over the past 12 years since its inception in 2009. The preparation of this book for an intended completion in 2020 was significantly delayed due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Network, comprising leading Australian SHM experts, aims to promote and advance SHM application, education, research and development in Australia. Although the title of the book highlights recent SHM advances in Australia, the technologies and approaches described can be applied around the world.

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The digital age is a modern stage of the development of society and economy, which started with the wide use of the first digital technologies (Internet, mobile communication) and reached its peak amid the Fourth Industrial Revolution due to the dissemination of smart technologies (the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence). The digital age has the highest rate of technological progress in the entire history of industrial revolutions, which predetermines two specific features of this age. The first specific feature is as follows: unlike the previous industrial revolutions, when, despite certain companies' transition to new technologies, other companies -- due to the traditional thinking of society -- preserved the previous technological mode for a long time, the society progressed together with economy. Digital technologies transform not only the processes of production but also the processes of distribution and consumption of products. The growing demand for digital innovations is strong pressure on the market, which does not allow companies to remain aside from the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The second specific feature is that digitalization takes place in waves -- continuously and over-and-over again. This is the difference between the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the previous revolutions when the technological transition was momentary and single-step. Due to this specific feature, there emerged a hypothesis that the digital age could have not one but several industrial revolutions. Followers of this hypothesis suggest considering technological progress in the macro-scale, distinguishing the pre-digital age, which was the time of the first three industrial revolutions, and the digital age, which was opened by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Regardless of the level of the view of the digital age, it is obvious that it requires continuous, step-by-step digital innovations. This book's contribution to the literature on digital innovations is due to offering a new scientific and methodological approach to managing innovative development in the digital age. The main feature of the new approach is active, continuous, and comprehensive interaction between government, society, and entrepreneurship. The advantage of the new approach is the increase of effectiveness of state and corporate management of innovative development, as well as accelerated and well-balanced adaptation of society to the digital age. This book is aimed primarily at scholars studying digital innovations. For them, the book offers fundamental developments, empirical overview, case studies, and scientific and methodological recommendations in the sphere of innovative development of state and law, society, and economy in the digital age. Due to its multidisciplinary character, the book will also be of interest to the representatives of various humanitarian disciplines: legal, social, and economic. The book will be also of interest for practicing experts involved with the practice of corporate management and for bodies of public administration of innovative development in the digital age. For them, the book offers various issues of economic and legal regulation of innovative development in the digital age, due to which it could be a theoretical and methodological guide for improving this management.

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This book details the attractive features of algae as a sustainable third-generation feedstock for biorefineries. The commonly explored algal biofuels technologies such as pyrolysis, fermentation, transesterification, gasification, and briquetting/pelleting are assessed in a biorefinery concept and discussed based on resource utilization and sustainability considering biorefinery concepts. Process improvement options for sustainable algal biorefineries are also discussed in this book. Finally, the thermo-environmental sustainabilities of algal biorefineries using exergy and life cycle assessment (LCA) tools are reviewed and assessed based on literature data.

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This compilation provides some updates in the field of neuroscience research. Chapter One collects up-to-date research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and elucidates the temporal development of this disorder. Chapter Two explains the role of lipid peroxidation in the development of hydrocephalic astrogliosis. Chapter Three is devoted to the effect of pyrimidine derivatives on changes in mitochondrial function in rats under conditions of permanent cerebral ischemia. Chapter Four investigates the relationship between PTSD and the brain's spatio-temporal dynamics through an experimental study on mice. Chapter Five provides an overview on studies to treat social cognition disturbances in mental disorders such as schizophrenia with transcranial direct current stimulation and discusses its neurobiological mechanisms. Finally, Chapter Six deals with the role of nucleosome ensembles in the control of the visual apparatus as a neuro controller in the operative work of the brain as a whole.

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This volume presents some of the latest research updates related to health and disease. Chapter One investigates how traditional Chinese medicine can be leveraged in service of assisted reproductive technology. Chapter Two includes details about several drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Chapter Three reviews the changing perspective of infection prevention and control measures in maternal and child healthcare settings. Chapter Four examines the role that infection control nurses play in the infection prevention and control teams of healthcare centers. Chapter Five explores some psycholinguistic aspects of illness narratives in patients with pulmonary hypertension as a therapeutic means to lessen patients' disease-related burden and promoting the sense-making of their illness experience. Lastly, Chapter Six highlights the prognostic value of various microRNAs with reference to chronic kidney disease.

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This book explains the global business management domain in the current scenario and it covers the latest concepts in business and technologies applied for their successful implementation. The growth of global corporations has led to the development of new business strategies by the applications of new technologies. The critical success factors of business management depend on the successful applications of information systems and information technologies. To achieve competitive advantages, business management is applying strategies from technological perspectives for various concepts such as customer relationship management, cost management, marketing management, etc. COMPETITIVE TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT describes the applications and concept of IS in business management and presents the success stories of business. The book assesses competitive business management from an IS and IT perspective, examining business development policies linked to the profitability of global firms. The book covers comprehensive topics such as use of green technology in business processes, machine learning in business education, and artificial intelligence in the business sector. This book will drive readers to actively think through the most fundamental business concepts developed by IS and IT in the current competitive landscape and provides answers to questions such as: what are the new drivers of Business Management? and how do businesses apply IS and IT? The current Covid pandemic has caused serious financial loss to developing countries, and this book will help to explore new options of expanding markets for businesses by the applications of IS and IT.

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As the world recovers from the unprecedented outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the field of education continues to cushion the impacts of school closures and teaching disruption through various measures. E-learning, while not new, has taken a greater role in mitigating the effects of the pandemic. This book is not only a collection of chapters shared by researchers and academics but also a manifestation of the dedication of those involved in the pursuit of providing equitable and quality education through the support of e-learning tools and platforms.

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Mathematical modelling is the process of trying to precisely define a nonmathematical situation, real-life phenomena of changing world and the relationships between the situations in the language of mathematics, and finding out mathematical formulations or patterns within these situations and phenomena. Mathematical modelling in terms of nonlinear dynamic equations is described as a conversion activity of real problems in a mathematical form. The interactions between the mathematical and biological sciences have been increasing rapidly in recent years. Both traditional topics, such as population and disease modelling, and new ones, such as those in genomics arising from the accumulation of DNA sequence data, have made mathematical modelling in biomathematics an exciting field. The best predictions of numerous individuals and scientific communities have suggested that this growing area will continue to be one of the most dominating and fascinating driving factors to capture the global change phenomena and design a sustainable management for a better world. Frontiers in Mathematical Modelling Research provides the most recent and up-to-date developments in the mathematical analysis of real world problems arising in engineering, biology, economics, geography, planning, sociology, psychology, medicine and epidemiology of infectious diseases. Mathematical modelling and analysis are important, not only to understand disease progression, but also to provide predictions about the evolution of the disease and insights about the dynamics of the transmission rate and the effectiveness of control measures. One of the main focuses of the book is the transmission dynamics of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and the implementation of intervention strategies. It also discusses optimal control strategies like pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions and their potential effectiveness on the control of infections with the help of compartmental mathematical models in epidemiology. This book also covers a wide variety of topics like dynamic models in robotics, chemical process, biodynamic hypothesis and its application for the mathematical modelling of biological growth and the analysis of diagnosis rate effects and prediction of zoonotic viruses, data-driven dynamic simulation and scenario analysis of the spread of diseases. Frontiers in Mathematical Modelling Research will play a pivotal role as helpful resource for mathematical biologists and ecologists, epidemiologists, epidemic modelers, virologists, researchers, mathematical modelers, robotic scientists and control engineers and others engaged in the analysis of the transmission, prevention, and control of infectious diseases and their impact on human health. It is expected that this self-contained edited book can also serve undergraduate and graduate students, young scholars and early career researchers as the basis for meaningful directives of current trends of research in mathematical biology.

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This book includes six chapters that detail various aspects of women's health. Chapter One uses a hermeneutic phenomenological method to explore hope in eating disordered women. Chapter Two considers the importance of hope as a mediating factor in the complicated relationships between body shame and eating disorder behaviour as well as with substance use/abuse behaviour via an Internet survey. Chapter Three examines the influence of six Indigenous Australian sportswomen and their role as sporting role models for women and girls. Chapter Four highlights the research that has been conducted regarding eating disorders in women of colour and reviews the unique race and culture-related risk factors that may influence the presence of eating disorder symptoms. Chapter Five deals with the history and definition of food craving, the cognitive event of appetizing targeting, the associations with the diet mentality as a promoter of moral judgment concerning food, and the twelve primary triggers according to the latest data from studies in the field of eating disorders. Finally, Chapter Six focuses on the association between physical activity and menopausal transition from the viewpoint of evolutionary biology and evolutionary medicine.

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This volume contains six chapters describing some of the latest advancements in engineering research. Chapter One presents a detailed methodology to evaluate bio-based projects, including financial, technical, and market uncertainties at the early stages, when less information is available. Chapter Two analyzes the latest scientific articles and reports which deal with the adverse consequences of 5G network development. Chapter Three explains how new technologies, including downlink and uplink decoupling and machine learning, can support 5G networks and form core components of future networks. Chapter Four presents the latest research results on the advantages and challenges of non-orthogonal multiple access networks. Chapter Five explores the four largest South Korean shipyards, analyzing their strategy and management techniques. Lastly, Chapter Six examines the factors affecting the choice of welding method in the basic stages of shipbuilding.

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This volume includes six chapters that detail recent advancements in energy research. Chapter One describes a method for optimizing the efficiency of energy storage systems in applications like electric vehicles, thus reducing battery aging and cost of ownership. Chapter Two provides an overview of existing technologies for the production of hydrogen from biomass and discusses their pros and cons. Chapter Three addresses the main challenges, perspectives and innovations related to the use of different biomasses for the generation of clean energy through distinct thermal processes in the Brazilian Northeast. Chapter Four deals with China's role in the expansion of nuclear energy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Chapter Five gives a rundown of the latest developments in organic-inorganic perovskite nanogenerators, such as piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators. Lastly, Chapter Six explains smart grid technology for maintaining the functioning of a wind-solar electric system.

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This volume includes six chapters and presents some of the latest advancements in materials science research. Chapter One describes the structural characterization, the polyelectrolyte properties and the proton dynamics of imidazole-based materials, with special emphasis on the application for proton conductors, gene delivery systems, pollutant adsorbents, fluorescent sensors and OLED technologies. Chapter Two details various characteristics of polyethylene terephthalate fiber. Chapter Three explains the foundation of photonic crystals from one-dimension to higher-order and introduces topological ideas in photonic crystals. Chapter Four includes research on production, properties and applications of polyethylene terephthalate. Chapter Five explores the potential application of antimonene as an anode material in sodium-ion batteries. Finally, Chapter Six summarizes recent advances on the role of fullerene additions for structural behaviors of thermoplastic matrices.

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This compilation includes six chapters that present various advancements in materials science research. Chapter One suggests new rigorous approaches to the mathematical modelling and electromagnetic analysis of 2D photonic crystals. Chapter Two details the results of a dynamical study of positron channelling in a (11, 9) chiral single-wall carbon nanotube. Chapter Three uses a deconvolution of IR spectra to attribute the spectra components to definite phases in multiphase proton exchange waveguides. Chapter Four describes the third-order nonlinear optical application of organometallic compounds. Chapter Five focuses on evaluating the behaviour of cementitious composites produced with different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes providing a relationship between mechanical properties, ultrasound pulse velocity and the frequency resonance method. Finally, Chapter Six deals with the design of a capillary electrophoresis sensor based on micro-structured fibres.

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In the United States, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a health and economic crisis. As the virus forced the closure of many businesses, workers were faced with historic levels of unemployment, and the February unemployment level remained elevated at 6.2 percent while the labor force participation rate has declined. This book provides information about the state of federal consumer financial protection policies under the current administration. It will discuss specific areas of concern, including payday lending practices, the servicing of student loans, and enforcement of existing law to provide better protection for consumers.

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This compilation presents some of the latest advancements in economics research. Chapter One evaluates the impact of public policies, such as those regarding infrastructure and education, on a country's economic performance. Chapter Two deals with the issues of utilisation of sludge from wastewater treatment in agriculture as a socio-economic and environmental problem in the European Union and Bulgaria. Chapter Three investigates the impact of cognitive and non-cognitive skills on the quality of a task-specific outcome by conducting an experiment on a popular crowdsourcing platform and finds that the performance of workers depends on cognitive skills, personality traits and work effort. Chapter Four explores how trade show visitors' objectives impact their visual attention to trade show booths and booth visit likelihood. Chapter Five summarizes some trends in R&D expenditures in post-socialist countries in the course of market transformation on the basis of comparative statistical analysis of relative R&D effort. Chapter Six aims to establish the best tourism human resources development practices utilised by Egypt as one of the countries leading the tourism industry in Africa. Chapter Seven outlines the major aspects of the shift in the IMF stance on international capital mobility from the perspective of finding the right balance between freedom, regulation, and control. Chapter Eight focuses on stochastic control of exchange rates via discretionary central bank intervention. Finally, Chapter Nine investigates the quantitative importance of investment frictions for the propagation of cyclical fluctuations in Bulgaria.

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