Search results for ""United Nations""

What can be done if the United Nations Security Council fails to protect people from mass atrocities? At a time of inaction and political paralysis at the United Nations, this book explains the legality of alternative action beyond the Security Council. This book takes a fresh look at the responsibility to protect and offers new and compelling insights into the powers and limits of the UN Security Council. It argues that the Security Council’s responsibility to maintain international peace and security, and its responsibility to protect, do not die with its own failures. Other actors can and must take up responsibility to save those in need. In a persuasive and detailed examination of the legal framework, this research identifies options for coercive measures to be taken beyond the Council that could be used to break the deadlock, including through the General Assembly and regional organisations. It provides a must-have resource for students, academics, and researchers on key principles of international law. It also offers insight for governments, policy-makers, and other international actors on how they can uphold their legal responsibilities, maintain peace and security, and prevent their failures from undermining the very existence of the UN itself.

Read more less

Combining discourse and comparative historical methods of analysis, this book explores how colonialists and anti-colonialists renegotiated transnational power relationships within the debates on decolonization in the United Nations from 1946-1960. Shrewdly bringing together Sociology, Women’s Studies, History, and Postcolonial Studies, it is interested in the following questions: how are modern constructions of gender and race forged in transnational – colonial as well as ‘postcolonial’ – processes? How did they emerge in and contribute to such processes during the colonial era? Specifically, how did they shape colonialist constructions of space, identity and international community? How has this relationship shifted with legal decolonization?

Read more less

In the mid-1950s, as part of Tokyo's goal of reinstating Japan as a full member of the international community, Japan sought and gained admittance to the United Nations. Since then, it has been a proactive member and a generous financial contributor to the organization. This study focuses on postwar Japan's foreign policy making in the political and security areas, the core UN missions. It analyzes these two policy arenas from three perspectives—international political structure, domestic political organization, and the psychology of policymakers. The intent is to illustrate how policy goals forged by national security concerns, domestic politics, and psychological needs gave shape to Japan's complicated and sometimes incongruous policy toward the UN since World War II. In contrast to the usual emphasis on the role of the foreign-policy bureaucracy, however, the author argues that we must view the bureaucracy as functioning within a larger framework of party politics and interactions among government agencies, political parties, and other actors associated with these parties. The last part of the book addresses the psychological aspect of Japan's UN policymaking in an effort to elucidate the role of national prestige in generating Japanese policy toward the UN.

Read more less

An ethnography on early-career workers facing job insecurity at the United Nations. This ethnography focuses on the work and lifeworld at the United Nations in Geneva and Vienna. By emphasizing the perspectives of entry-level workers, this book addresses the increasing flexibility and job insecurity for those at the beginning of their potential UN careers. It explores questions such as: How do career aspirants reconcile their narratives with the organization’s image built over the past decades? How can we understand institutional power and individual agency through the lens of ritual theory and the theory of social orders? This study finally examines the entangled discourses around privilege and prestige on the one hand and the precarity and vulnerability of a growing number of UN workers on the other hand. It shows that these phenomena are not contractionary but two sides of the coin. Using the UN as an example, the study considers mechanisms of flexible and unstable work environments in times of cognitive and affective capitalism.

Read more less

This book is a unique guide to making the world a better place. Experts apply a critical eye to the United Nations' Sustainable Development agenda, also known as the Global Goals, which will affect the flow of $2.5 trillion of development aid up until 2030. Renowned economists, led by Bjorn Lomborg, determine what pursuing different targets will cost and achieve in social, environmental and economic benefits. There are 169 targets, covering every area of international development – from health to education, sanitation to conflict. Together, these analyses make the case for prioritizing the most effective development investments. A panel of Nobel Laureate economists identify a set of 19 phenomenal development targets, and argue that this would achieve as much as quadrupling the global aid budget.

Read more less

This book provides a thorough historical overview of US and UN sanctions against North Korea since 1950. Several essays propose ways to make such sanctions more politically effective while limiting their harmful humanitarian consequences. The book also discusses the impact of the newest, six-nation agreement signed in February 2007 which would shut down North Korea's nuclear facility in return for economic aid and a security guarantee.

Read more less

History was made when the United Nations published Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and world leaders stepped up to pledge unifying commitments to secure a sustainable future where all life can thrive." Now, we the people—the world's individuals, organizations, and communities that have been championing the shared vision of a sustainable future—need access to the best leadership guidance available to build on the successes of past efforts and advance breakthrough progress. Evolving Leadership for Collective Wellbeing: Lessons for Implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals provides that guidance. This collection is a go-to resource for individuals wishing to heighten leadership effectiveness through access to vanguard theory and practice. It highlights stories and insights from leadership practitioners and scholars around the world, in the process offering invaluable insights into diverse lessons, models, and practices, and it offers case and place-based chapters that bridge theory and practice to empower diverse actors around the world. As the Agenda acknowledges, The future of humanity and of our planet lies in our hands. ... It will be for all of us to ensure that the journey is successful and its gains irreversible.Evolving Leadership for Collective Wellbeing is essential reading not only for leaders and leadership scholars, but also for anyone eager to face the Agenda’s challenge head on.

Read more less

In The Colonial Politics of Global Health, Jessica Lynne Pearson explores the collision between imperial and international visions of health and development in French Africa as decolonization movements gained strength.After World War II, French officials viewed health improvements as a way to forge a more equitable union between France and its overseas territories. Through new hospitals, better medicines, and improved public health, French subjects could reimagine themselves as French citizens. The politics of health also proved vital to the United Nations, however, and conflicts arose when French officials perceived international development programs sponsored by the UN as a threat to their colonial authority. French diplomats also feared that anticolonial delegations to the United Nations would use shortcomings in health, education, and social development to expose the broader structures of colonial inequality. In the face of mounting criticism, they did what they could to keep UN agencies and international health personnel out of Africa, limiting the access Africans had to global health programs. French personnel marginalized their African colleagues as they mapped out the continent’s sanitary future and negotiated the new rights and responsibilities of French citizenship. The health disparities that resulted offered compelling evidence that the imperial system of governance should come to an end.Pearson’s work links health and medicine to postwar debates over sovereignty, empire, and human rights in the developing world. The consequences of putting politics above public health continue to play out in constraints placed on international health organizations half a century later.

Read more less

‘There are few historical developments more significant than the realisation that those in power should not be free to torture and abuse those who are not.’ – Amal Clooney On 10 December 1948, in Paris, the United Nations General Assembly adopted an extraordinarily ground-breaking and important proclamation: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This milestone document, made up of thirty Articles, sets out, for the first time, the fundamental human rights that must be protected by all nations. The full text of the document is reproduced in this book following a foreword by human rights lawyer Amal Clooney and a general introduction which explores its origins in the ‘Four Freedoms’ described by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the role his wife Eleanor Roosevelt took on as chair of the Human Rights Commission and of the drafting committee, and the parts played by other key international members of the Commission. It was a pioneering achievement in the wake of the Second World War and continues to provide a basis for international human rights law, making this document’s aims ‘as relevant today as when they were first adopted a lifetime ago.’

Read more less

This Book attempts to deduce regulatory standards that can close the gaps between the Promises made and the Outcomes secured by the United Nations in relation to its use of force. It explores two broad questions in this regard: why the contemporary legal framework relevant to the regulation of force during Armed Conflict cannot close the gaps between the said Promises and Outcomes and how the ‘Unified Use of Force Rule’ formulated herein, achieves this. This is the first book to coherently analyse the moral as well as legal aspects relevant to UN use of force.UN peace operations are rapidly changing. Deployed peacekeepers are now required to use force in pursuance of numerous objectives such as self-defence, protecting civilians, and carrying out targeted offensive operations. As a result, questions about when, where, and how to use force have now become central to peacekeeping. While UN peace operations have managed to avoid catastrophes of the magnitude of Rwanda and Srebrenica for over two decades, crucial gaps still exist between what the UN promises on the use of force front, and what it achieves. Current conflict zones such as the Central African Republic, Eastern Congo, and Mali stand testament to this. This book searches for answers to these issues and identifies how an innovative mix of the relevant legal and moral rules can produce regulatory standards that can allow the UN to keep their promises. The discussion covers analytical ground that must be traversed ‘behind the scenes’ of UN deployment, well before the first troops set foot on a battlefield. The analysis ultimately produces a ‘Unified Use of Force Rule’, that can either be completely or partially used as a model set of Rules of Engagement by UN forces.This book will be immensely beneficial to law students, researchers, academics and practitioners in the fields of international relations, international law, peacekeeping, and human rights.

Read more less

The Encyclopedia of the Social and Solidarity Economy is a comprehensive reference text that explores how the social and solidarity economy (SSE) plays a significant role in creating and developing economic activities in alternative ways. In contrast to processes involving commodification, commercialisation, bureaucratisation and corporatisation, the SSE reasserts the place of ethics, social well-being and democratic decision-making in economic activities and governance. Identifying and analysing a myriad of issues and topics associated with the SSE, the Encyclopedia broadens the knowledge base of diverse actors of the SSE, including practitioners, activists and policymakers.Analysing the role of SSE organisations and enterprises in enhancing wellbeing, planetary health and democracy at various levels and their contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, the Encyclopedia invaluably summarises knowledge about the key aspects of the SSE. Accomplished researchers depart from traditional nationalistic, Eurocentric and trans-Atlantic perspectives to explain the SSE from a global perspective with a focus on untold stories of its development in both developing and developed countries.A collective work of the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on SSE (UNTFSSE), this Encyclopedia will serve as an essential tool for scholars and students of comparative social policy, international economics, management studies and economic sociology.Key Features: 57 entries Clearly organised into thematic sections addressing histories, concepts and theories, actors and organisations, development, and environment and governance Breaks down the complex relationship between economic, social and political dimensions in an accessible way

Read more less

- Provides students with the knowledge and understanding of how the humanities engage in broader social, political, economic and environmental dialogue- Takes students through the UN SDGs from a theoretical perspective through to practical applications- Discussion examples include documentary and feature films, photography and literature, across diverse geographies such as Argentina, Australia, China, Costa Rica, Ecuador, France, Greenland, Haiti, India, Japan, Peru, Rwanda, Senegal, and the United States- Disciplined-agnostic, meaning it can be used by students and instructors at the undergraduate and postgraduate level from any subject background, particularly but not exclusively those in the humanities- Contains discussion questions, research assignments, writing prompts, and creative project ideas.

Read more less

How a group of intellectuals and policymakers transformed development economics and gave Latin America a new position in the world.After the Second World War demolished the old order, a group of economists and policymakers from across Latin America imagined a new global economy and launched an intellectual movement that would eventually capture the world. They charged that the systems of trade and finance that bound the world’s nations together were frustrating the economic prospects of Latin America and other regions of the world. Through the UN Economic Commission for Latin America, or CEPAL, the Spanish and Portuguese acronym, cepalinos challenged the orthodoxies of development theory and policy. Simultaneously, they demanded more not less trade, more not less aid, and offered a development agenda to transform both the developed and the developing world. Eventually, cepalinos established their own form of hegemony, outpacing the United States and the International Monetary Fund as the agenda setters for a region traditionally held under the orbit of Washington and its institutions. By doing so, cepalinos reshaped both regional and international governance and set an intellectual agenda that still resonates today.Drawing on unexplored sources from the Americas and Europe, Margarita Fajardo retells the history of dependency theory, revealing the diversity of an often-oversimplified movement and the fraught relationship between cepalinos, their dependentista critics, and the regional and global Left. By examining the political ventures of dependentistas and cepalinos, The World That Latin America Created is a story of ideas that brought about real change.

Read more less

This Commentary offers an article-by-article examination of the United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (the Singapore Convention), as well as insights into the negotiation process through which the Convention was developed. It provides deep theoretical and practical analysis of the Convention and its consequences for the promotion of mediation as a mechanism to solve commercial conflicts with a cross-border character.Key Features: A comparative approach with perspectives from five continents and a variety of legal traditions Critical discussion of every stage from the negotiation to the conclusion of the Convention Sound proposals for the Convention’s implementation and application by States and regional organisations Contributions from a diverse group of practitioners and academics, including some who were part of the negotiation of the Singapore Convention The Commentary will be a crucial resource for practitioners, arbitrators and mediators involved in cross-border commercial disputes, as well as judges in this area. It will also be of interest to scholars working in international commercial law, arbitration and mediation.

Read more less

This publication contains criteria, test methods and procedures to be used for classification of dangerous goods according to the provisions of Parts 2 and 3 of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, as well as of chemicals presenting physical hazards according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). It also supplements national or international regulations which are derived from the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods or the GHS.

Read more less

The Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) conducts country evaluations called "Assessments of Development Results (ADRs)" to capture and demonstrate evaluative evidence of UNDP's contributions to development results at the country level. UNDP has been present in Cameroon since 10 September 1972. Since 2008, UNDP has implemented interventions in two programme cycles, 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. UNDP Cameroon has been selected for an ADR since its country programme will end in 2017. The ADR will be conducted in 2016 to feed into the development of the new country programme.

Read more less

Official Records of the Report of the International Law Commission Sixty-seventh session 2 May-10 June and 4 July-12 August 2016

Read more less

This is the official report to the General Assembly of the Committee on Contributions on its seventy-ninth session dated 3 to 21 June 2019.

Read more less

This is the official report submitted annually to the General Assembly by the Conference on Disarmament on its 2020 session.

Read more less

The Model Regulations cover the classification of dangerous goods and their listing, the use, construction, testing and approval of packagings and portable tanks, and the consignment procedures (marking, labelling, placarding and documentation). They aim at ensuring a high level of safety by preventing accidents to persons and property and damage to the environment during transport and, providing at the same time, a uniform regulatory framework which can be applied worldwide for national or international transport by any mode.

Read more less

The publication presents and analyses the findings of the first pilot reporting exercise under the Water Convention, which was carried out in 2017. Progress made in the implementation of the Convention is reviewed and summarised, together with the identification of significant trends, success, challenges and opportunities concerning transboundary water cooperation. The reporting mechanism under the Convention was formally adopted (decision VII/2) by the Meeting of the Parties to the Water Convention at its seventh session (Budapest, 17-19 November 2015).

Read more less

Expanding access to contraception is essential for achieving universal access to reproductive health-care services, as called for in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This Highlights presents estimates of contraceptive use and needs from 1990 to 2020, and projections to 2030 for 196 countries or areas of the world as well as regional and global trends. It describes the impact of population growth and changes in demand for family planning on the projected numbers of women who are contraceptive users or have unmet need for family planning. It also discusses global progress in meeting the demand for family planning with modern methods as called for in the 2030 Agenda (SDG indicator 3.7.1) and how satisfying the demand for family planning with modern methods can contribute towards progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Read more less

El Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 2020 (que celebra su 30º aniversario) constituye la última edición de la serie de Informes sobre Desarrollo Humano publicados a escala mundial por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) desde 1990. Estos informes ofrecen una explicación independiente, analítica y basada en datos empíricos sobre los principales problemas, tendencias y políticas en el ámbito del desarrollo. Este informe ofrece una alternativa necesaria y que invita a la reflexión frente a la parálisis ante un alarmante cambio planetario. Su publicación se produce en el momento en que la pandemia de COVID-19 ofrece una visión de lo que pudiera ser una ""nueva normalidad"" al mismo tiempo que abre la oportunidad de que la humanidad cambie de rumbo. El informe también plantea un nuevo Índice de Desarrollo Humano, de carácter experimental, ajustado por las presiones planetarias.

Read more less

The Yearbook comprises annual data for 230 countries and areas for 2015-2018 on production, trade and consumption of energy: solids, liquids, gaseous fuels, electricity and heat, covering both renewable and non-renewable sources of energy. Per capita consumption series are also provided for all energy products. Graphs illustrate historic trends and/or changes in composition of production and/or consumption of major energy products. Special tables include: international trade tables for coal, crude petroleum and natural gas by partner countries – providing information on direction of trade; statistics on renewables and wastes; refinery distillation capacity; and selected energy resources

Read more less

This publication provides information on and independent analyses of trends and developments in: (a) intra- and inter-regional trade in goods and services; (b) foreign direct investment; (c) trade facilitation measures; (d) trade policy measures; and (e) preferential trade policies and agreements. It provides insights into the impacts of these recent and emerging developments on countries' abilities to meet the challenges of achieving inclusive and sustainable development. It identifies and studies emerging issues in all these areas and offers innovative policy options towards building capacities of governments in the region to meet the challenges of achieving inclusive and sustainable development. APTIR 2014 shows that, while the Asia-Pacific region remains the most dynamic pole of the global economy, growth in trade and investment has yet to return to pre-crisis levels. The Report is aimed at policymakers as well as practitioners and experts, academia, business, international agencies and non-governmental organizations working or interested in these issues in the Asia-Pacific region. It comes with separate country and subregional country briefs.

Read more less

The Forest Products Annual Market Review, 2015-2016 provides general and statistical information on forest products markets in 2015 and early 2016 in the UN Economic Commission for Europe region (North America, Europe, the CIS), as well as market influences from outside the UNECE region. The Review covers the range of products from the forest to the final end-user: from roundwood and primary processed products to value-added and innovative wood products. Statistic-based chapters of the Review analyse markets of wood raw materials, sawn softwood, sawn hardwood, wood-based panels, paper, paper board and woodpulp. Other chapters analyse policies, innovative wood products, markets of wood energy, value-added wood products and housing. A special section on pallets and wooden packaging is also included this year. Underlying the analysis is a comprehensive collection of data.

Read more less

This is the United Nations definitive report on the state of the world economy, providing global and regional economic outlook for 2022 and 2023. The World Economic Situation and Prospects 2022 will examine the recovery of the global economy from the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to presenting the latest UN growth forecasts, the report will provide a comprehensive assessment of economic developments, risk factors, and policy challenges. This year's thematic chapter will discuss the macroeconomic and distributional consequences of monetary policy, with particular focus on unconventional measures such as quantitative easing (QE)

Read more less

Opposite pages bear duplicate numbering

Read more less

Opposite pages bear duplicate numbering

Read more less

Opposite pages bear duplicate numbering

Read more less

In English and French

Read more less

In a rapidly urbanizing and globalized world, cities have been the epicentres of COVID-19 (coronavirus). The virus has spread to virtually all parts of the world; first, among globally connected cities, then through community transmission and from the city to the countryside. This report shows that the intrinsic value of sustainable urbanization can and should be harnessed for the wellbeing of all. It provides evidence and policy analysis of the value of urbanization from an economic, social and environmental perspective. It also explores the role of innovation and technology, local governments, targeted investments and the effective implementation of the New Urban Agenda in fostering the value of sustainable urbanization.

Read more less

The Manual of Tests and Criteria contains criteria, test methods and procedures to be used for classification of dangerous goods according to the provisions of Parts 2 and 3 of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, as well as of chemicals presenting physical hazards according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). As a consequence, it supplements also national or international regulations which are derived from the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods or the GHS.At its ninth session (7 December 2018), the Committee adopted a set of amendments to the sixth revised edition of the Manual as amended by Amendment 1. This seventh revised edition takes account of these amendments. In addition, noting that the work to facilitate the use of the Manual in the context of the GHS had been completed, the Committee considered that the reference to the "Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods" in the title of the Manual was no longer appropriate, and decided that from now on, the Manual should be entitled "Manual of Tests and Criteria".

Read more less

The Yearbook collects, compiles and disseminates official statistics on a wide range of topics. Data have been collected from national statistical authorities since 1948 through a set of questionnaires dispatched annually by the United Nations Statistics Division to over 230 national statistical offices. The Yearbook disseminates statistics on population size and composition, births, deaths, marriage and divorce on an annual basis. This edition presents data as available for reference years up to and including 2019.

Read more less

Attaining equality between women and men and eliminating all forms of discrimination against women are fundamental human rights and United Nations values. Women around the world nevertheless regularly suffer violations of their human rights throughout their life, and realizing women's human rights has not always been prioritized. Achieving equality between women and men requires a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which women experience discrimination and are denied equality so as to develop appropriate strategies to eliminate such discrimination. This publication provides an introduction to women's human rights, beginning with the main provisions in international human rights law and going on to explain particularly relevant concepts for fully understanding women's human rights.

Read more less

This evaluation of UNDP's contribution to disability inclusive development is part of the work programme for the Independent Evaluation Office approved by the Executive Board in 2014/2015 (DP 2014/5). It provides an assessment of UNDP contribution to disability inclusive development during the period 2008-2016, corresponding to the current and past UNDP strategic plans, and to the period within which the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) has been in force.

Read more less

The Yearbook of the International Law Commission contains the official records of the Commission and is an indispensable tool for the preservation of the legislative history of the documents emanating from the Commission, as well as for the teaching, study, dissemination and wider appreciation of the efforts undertaken by the Commission in the progressive development of international law and its codification. Volume I reproduces the summary records of the Commission's annual sessions.

Read more less

Considerable progress in energy efficiency in the building sector is reported in the majority of the UNECE member States, and still reaching the potential often falls short due to flawed policy frameworks, and lack of public awareness on available modern technologies and education on long-term economic and social benefits of energy efficiency improvement. This publication is prepared in response to the outlined challenges and aims to elucidate the status of implementation of energy efficiency standards in buildings and deployment of appropriate technologies, and to identify good policy practices and replicable solutions. It also proposes a set of general recommendations and priority actions arising from the analysis.

Read more less

The Guidelines are a practical reference document on approaches to evidence-based policy-making for policy-makers involved in development and implementation of policies on housing and urban development at all levels of governance. The Guidelines can be used at all stages of the policy making – from agenda setting and policy formulation to the implementation/review and evaluation. Application of these Guidelines is an important resource for the analysis of the approaches to review the progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), especially SDG 11

Read more less

LDCs have so far been spared by the worst effects of the health emergency, yet the fallout from COVID-19 has taken its toll on their economies, threatening to roll back progress towards sustainable development, worsening entrenched inequalities, and possibly leading to long-term damage. The ongoing crisis has brought back to the fore the pivotal role of productive capacities for resilience to shocks, as well as for a sustainable and inclusive recovery and sustainable development. The broadening and full utilization of LDC productive capacities remains central to upgrade LDC economic structure, bridge their development gaps vis-á-vis other countries (not only developed but also developing countries) and avert further divergence. Only a handful of LDCs displayed a sustained progress in recent years, thanks to their successfully spurring productive capacities acquisition and shift significant resources towards higher-productivity activities. The majority of LDCs, by contrast, have either advanced at an increasingly sluggish pace, or even fell behind. In the LDCs, the uptake of advanced technologies is still incipient and hindered by a range of factors, from longstanding infrastructural gaps, to skill shortages and political considerations. Bold concerted policies to strengthen LDC productive capacities are as imperative as ever and they should constitute a key pillar of any sustainable recovery and development strategy. Beyond countercyclical policies to cushion the impact of the crisis, this calls for: (i) an investment push to redress long-standing infrastructural gaps and support broader employment creation; (ii) forward-looking science technology and innovation policy frameworks to upgrade the skill basis in line with market needs; (iii) brave industrial and sectoral policies to promote domestic value addition and deepen productive linkages. The international community should play its part, assisting LDC efforts with adequate financial resources, suitable policy space and more effective international support measures, notably in the area of technology transfer

Read more less

This report provides an overview of the estimated and projected trends in mortality at the world level, for development groups and major areas; the analysis also focuses on country and regional data for selected mortality indicators. In addition to examining the summary indicator of life expectancy at birth, the report analyzes levels and trends in mortality for key age groups in childhood and provides a snapshot of adult and “old age” mortality levels. It examines the socio-economic determinants of child hood mortality at the aggregate level across countries, and on disparities within countries in 50 low-and middle-income countries based on Demographic and Health Surveys data

Read more less