Search results for ""birkhäuser""

This volume provides an in-depth overview of the current state of psoriasis and its management. It reviews the clinical manifestations of psoriasis as well as psoriatic arthritis and emphasizes the evolving paradigm of therapy. Coverage includes topical and ultraviolet therapies as well as traditional systemic therapy. In addition, a major focus of the volume is on biologic therapies. New agents in development are also reviewed.

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The common cold is unlike any other human disease because of two f- tors: firstly, it is arguably the most common human disease and, secondly, it is one of the most complex diseases because of the number of viruses that cause the familiar syndrome of sneezing, sore throat, runny nose and nasal congestion. These two factors have made a ‘cure’ for the common cold one of the most difficult scientific and clinical endeavours (a topic often d- cussed in the popular media, where comparisons are made with the ease of putting a man on the moon). The present book brings together a wide range of experts from epidemiologists to virologists and pharmacologists to look at recent advances in our knowledge of the common cold. In some respects the book is unique, as it focuses on the common cold, a syndrome so familiar to the layperson but one that receives little attention from the scientist and clinician. The common cold can be viewed from many different aspects as illustrated in Figure 1. The core knowledge for understanding the common cold must first come from virology and this is discussed in several chapters of the book. There have been major advances in this field because of the use of new methods of detecting viruses such as polymerase chain reaction techniques that have greatly aided our understanding of the epidemiology of viruses associated with common cold.

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This book is dedicated to study the inverse problem of ordinary differential equations, that is it focuses in finding all ordinary differential equations that satisfy a given set of properties. The Nambu bracket is the central tool in developing this approach. The authors start characterizing the ordinary differential equations in R^N which have a given set of partial integrals or first integrals. The results obtained are applied first to planar polynomial differential systems with a given set of such integrals, second to solve the 16th Hilbert problem restricted to generic algebraic limit cycles, third for solving the inverse problem for constrained Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanical systems, fourth for studying the integrability of a constrained rigid body. Finally the authors conclude with an analysis on nonholonomic mechanics, a generalization of the Hamiltonian principle, and the statement an solution of the inverse problem in vakonomic mechanics.

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This is an exercises book at the beginning graduate level, whose aim is to illustrate some of the connections between functional analysis and the theory of functions of one variable. A key role is played by the notions of positive definite kernel and of reproducing kernel Hilbert space. A number of facts from functional analysis and topological vector spaces are surveyed. Then, various Hilbert spaces of analytic functions are studied.

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This textbook focuses on the study of different kinds of elementary functions ubiquitous both in high school Algebra and Calculus. To analyze the functions ranging from polynomial to trigonometric ones, it uses rudimentary techniques available to high school students, and at the same time follows the mathematical rigor appropriate for university level courses.Contrary to other books of Pre-Calculus, this textbook emphasizes the study of elementary functions with rigor appropriate for university level courses in mathematics, although the exposition is confined to the pre-limit topics and techniques. This makes the book useful, on the one hand, as an introduction to mathematical reasoning and methods of proofs in mathematical analysis, and on the other hand, as a preparatory course on the properties of different kinds of elementary functions.The textbook is aimed at university freshmen and high-school students interested in learning strict mathematical reasoning and in preparing a solid base for subsequent study of elementary functions at advanced level of Calculus and Analysis. The required prerequisites correspond to the level of the high school Algebra. All the preliminary concepts and results related to the elementary functions are covered in the initial part of the text. This makes the textbook suitable for both classroom use and self-study.

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The book provides a non-perturbative approach to the symmetry breaking in the standard model, in this way avoiding the critical issues which affect the standard presentations. The debated empirical meaning of global and local gauge symmetries is clarified. The absence of Goldstone bosons in the Higgs mechanism is non-perturbatively explained by the validity of Gauss laws obeyed by the currents which generate the relatedglobal gauge symmetry. The solution of the U(1) problem and the vacuum structure in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are obtained without recourse to the problematic semiclassical instanton approximation, by rather exploiting the topology of the gauge group.

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This study provides innovative mathematical models for assessing the eruption probability and associated volcanic hazards, and applies them to the Campi Flegrei caldera in Italy. Throughout the book, significant attention is devoted to quantifying the sources of uncertainty affecting the forecast estimates. The Campi Flegrei caldera is certainly one of the world’s highest-risk volcanoes, with more than 70 eruptions over the last 15,000 years, prevalently explosive ones of varying magnitude, intensity and vent location. In the second half of the twentieth century the volcano apparently once again entered a phase of unrest that continues to the present. Hundreds of thousands of people live inside the caldera and over a million more in the nearby city of Naples, making a future eruption of Campi Flegrei an event with potentially catastrophic consequences at the national and European levels.

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​This book collects some surveys on current trends in discrete mathematics and discrete geometry. The areas covered include: graph representations, structural graphs theory, extremal graph theory, Ramsey theory and constrained satisfaction problems.

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In the tradition of EuroComb'01 (Barcelona), Eurocomb'03 (Prague), EuroComb'05 (Berlin), Eurocomb'07 (Seville), Eurocomb'09 (Bordeaux), and Eurocomb'11 (Budapest), this volume covers recent advances in combinatorics and graph theory including applications in other areas of mathematics, computer science and engineering. Topics include, but are not limited to: Algebraic combinatorics, combinatorial geometry, combinatorial number theory, combinatorial optimization, designs and configurations, enumerative combinatorics, extremal combinatorics, ordered sets, random methods, topological combinatorics.

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In 2008, a school on the theory of optimal transportation and its applications took place in Pisa, with lectures by F. Barthe, W. Gangbo, F. Maggi and R. McCann. In this book, the notes of the first three lecturers are collected. They provide a deep insight on concentration inequalities, evolution PDEs of Hamiltonian type, geometric and functional inequalities.

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Starting from a specific industrial problem related to the propellant flow within a liquid propellant rocket engine, this book develops a numerical method for simulating three-dimensional, generic barotropic flows in rotating frames. It proposes a novel finite volume compressible approach for unstructured grids, suitably preconditioned for accurately dealing with nearly-incompressible flows.

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These are transcripts of notes taken at (some of) the lectures given at the Mittag-Leffler Institute during the first semester of the year 1996/97 on Enumerative geometry and its interaction with theoretical physics. The first part of this collection consists of notes from talks on the basics of quantum cohomology; the second part treats more advanced topics in quantum cohomology; the third part consists of background material and related topics; an appendix gives a description of Kresch's C-program Farsta for quantum cohomology computations. These notes are meant as a series of snapshots of quantum cohomology as seen by the speakers at the time of their lectures. The reader should bear in mind that quantum cohomology is a growing and rapidly changing field. Many of the writeups have been left in the form of the original talks, which were usually more concerned with giving motivations and a point of view, rather than conveying detailed proofs or attempting to survey the considerably extensive literature on the subject.

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In the academic year 1994/95 I lectured on semigroups in the Scuola Normale Superiore and in the Politecnico di Torino. The purpose of the lectures was to present to an audience of graduate students a self-contained introduction to the theory of strongly continuous semigroups of linear operators acting on a Banach space. The main trust was concentrated on laying down the basic geometrical aspects of the theory as a background for applications to concrete problems in the analysis of differential operators.

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These are the written notes of Fermi's Lectures supported by the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and given at the Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa during March-April 1973. We propose to discuss here certain spectral properties of Schrödinger operators H=-D+V(x) (D the Laplacian and V a potential) which have application to scattering theory. We consider an operator H with potential V of class SR. We show that the positive point spectrum of H is a discrete set in R+. Eigenfunctions which correspond to positive eigenvalues are shown to decay rapidly. This property is shown to hold also for generalized eigenfunctions. We then establish the limiting absorbing principle, which is a basic tool in our study.

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We consider in Rn a differential operator P(D), P a polynomial, with constant coefficients. Let U be an open set in Rn and A(U) be the space of real analytic functions on U. We consider the equation P(D)u=f, for f in A(U) and look for a solution in A(U). Hormander proved a necessary and sufficient condition for the solution to exist in the case U is convex. From this theorem one derives the fact that if a cone W admits a Phragmen-Lindeloff principle then at each of its non-zero real points the real part of W is pure dimensional of dimension n-1. The Phragmen-Lindeloff principle is reduced to the classical one in C. In this paper we consider a general Hilbert complex of differential operators with constant coefficients in Rn and we give, for U convex, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the vanishing of the H1 groups in terms of the generalization of Phragmen-Lindeloff principle.

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In the present thesis we develop new strategies concerning the use of lanthanide cations as spectroscopic probes for the study of molecular structures in solution. A widespread interest for lanthanides is mainly centered in two large fields: organic synthesis and clinical practice. Systems containing lanthanides enjoy a very favorable situation, since these ions feature high coordination numbers, which assure rich binding chemistry, and at the same time they possess the right spectroscopic properties to monitor it. The present thesis develops the potentialities of electronic spectroscopy of lanthanide systems in solution. We point out and overcome the drawbacks which have mainly hampered this kind of study so far, namely: a sensivity problem, an instrumental problem and a calibration problem.

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"Numerik", in zwei Bänden, ist eine Einführung in die Numerische Mathematik anhand von Differenzialgleichungsproblemen. Gegliedert nach elliptischen, parabolischen und hyperbolischen Differenzialgleichungen, erläutert sie zunächst jeweils die Diskretisierung solcher Probleme. Als Diskretisierungstechniken stehen Finite-Elemente-Methoden im Raum und (partitionierte) Runge-Kutta-Methoden in der Zeit im Vordergrund. Die diskretisierten Gleichungen motivieren die Diskussion von Methoden für endlichdimensionale (nicht)lineare Gleichungen, die anschließend als eigenständige Themen behandelt werden. Ein in sich geschlossenes Bild.

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This volume on mechanics of rigid and elastic bodies contains early papers of Bernoulli concerning geometric statics, accompanied by works dealing with the motion of compound pendula and the deformation of beams.

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This book is a comprehensive guide to our current understanding of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), its disease pathogenesis, genetic underpinnings, diagnosis, and management. Since the first edition, many new developments have occurred in the understanding and management of this serious disease, revising our understanding of how it presents, manifests, and reacts to certain treatments. This second edition is fully updated with six new chapters by our team of international, expert authors. New topics include: classification of interstitial lung disease, pulmonary function tests in IPF, biomarkers, clinical phenotypes, mimics, and a discussion of clinical trials. Each chapter additionally includes a brief summary of ongoing research and potential future directions. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Guide, Second Edition is an invaluable resource for clinicians who desire a deeper understanding of IPF in order to better help their patients.

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This monograph considers several well-known mathematical theorems and asks the question, “Why prove it again?” while examining alternative proofs. It explores the different rationales mathematicians may have for pursuing and presenting new proofs of previously established results, as well as how they judge whether two proofs of a given result are different. While a number of books have examined alternative proofs of individual theorems, this is the first that presents comparative case studies of other methods for a variety of different theorems.The author begins by laying out the criteria for distinguishing among proofs and enumerates reasons why new proofs have, for so long, played a prominent role in mathematical practice. He then outlines various purposes that alternative proofs may serve. Each chapter that follows provides a detailed case study of alternative proofs for particular theorems, including the Pythagorean Theorem, the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, Desargues’ Theorem, the Prime Number Theorem, and the proof of the irreducibility of cyclotomic polynomials.Why Prove It Again? will appeal to a broad range of readers, including historians and philosophers of mathematics, students, and practicing mathematicians. Additionally, teachers will find it to be a useful source of alternative methods of presenting material to their students.

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Michel Desvigne is the most renowned French landscape architect in the world. Based in Paris, he has held guest professorships at such distinguished institutions as the Architectural Association in London and Harvard University. Desvigne’s projects have a strong strategic and conceptual component. Urban infrastructure projects play a major role, and emphasize the urban planning and design expertise evident in his landscape architecture. The book documents ten of Devigne’s major projects from France, the US, Spain and Qatar, in which he is responsible not only for the landscape architecture, but for coordination of the entire project. How can such highly complex projects be realized? What does the intellectual thought process look like? What specific problems arise in their realization?

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Many physical problems that are usually solved by differential equation methods can be solved more effectively by integral equation methods. Such problems abound in applied mathematics, theoretical mechanics, and mathematical physics. This uncorrected soft cover reprint of the second edition places the emphasis on applications and presents a variety of techniques with extensive examples.Originally published in 1971, Linear Integral Equations is ideal as a text for a beginning graduate level course. Its treatment of boundary value problems also makes the book useful to researchers in many applied fields.

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This book introduces several powerful techniques and fundamental ideas involving block matrices of operators, as well as matrices with elements in a C*-algebra.

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This innovative textbook presents material for a course on industrial statistics that incorporates Python as a pedagogical and practical resource.

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Basic needs fulfilment is fundamental to becoming human and reaching one’s potential. Extending the BUCET list proposed by Susan Fiske - which includes belonging, understanding, control/competence, autonomy, self-enhancement, trust, purpose and life satisfaction - this book demonstrates that the fulfilment of basic needs predicts adult physical and mental health, as well as sociality and morality. The authors suggest that meeting basic needs in childhood vitally shapes one’s trajectory for self-actualization, and that initiatives aimed at human wellbeing should include a greater emphasis on early childhood experience. Through contemporaneous and retrospective research in childhood, the authors argue that basic need-fulfilment is key to the development of the self and the possibility of reaching one’s full potential. This book will be of interest to scholars of human wellbeing and societal flourishing, as well as to health workers and educators.

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This book provides the first comprehensive assessment of non-academic research impact in relation to a marginal field of study, namely tourism studies. Informed by interviews with key informants, ethnographic reflections on the author’s extensive work with trade and professional associations, and various secondary data, it paints a picture of inevitable research policy failure. This conclusion is justified by reference to ill-founded official conceptualisations of practitioner and organisational behaviour, and the orientation and quality of tourism research. The author calls for a more serious consideration of research-informed teaching as a means of creating knowledge flows from universities. Research with greater social and economic impact might then be achievable. This radical assessment will be of interest and value to policy makers, university research managers and tourism scholars.

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Climate Change and Writing the Canadian Arctic explores the impact of climate change on Canadian literary culture. Analysis of the changing rhetoric surrounding the discovery of the lost ships of the Franklin expedition serves to highlight the political and economic interests that have historically motivated Canada’s approach to the Arctic and shaped literary representations. A recent shift in Canadian writing away from national sovereignty to circumpolar stewardship is revealed in detailed close readings of Kathleen Winter’s Boundless and Sheila Watt-Cloutier’s The Right to Be Cold.

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This highly readable book aims to ease the many challenges of starting undergraduate research. It accomplishes this by presenting a diverse series of self-contained, accessible articles which include specific open problems and prepare the reader to tackle them with ample background material and references. Each article also contains a carefully selected bibliography for further reading.The content spans the breadth of mathematics, including many topics that are not normally addressed by the undergraduate curriculum (such as matroid theory, mathematical biology, and operations research), yet have few enough prerequisites that the interested student can start exploring them under the guidance of a faculty member. Whether trying to start an undergraduate thesis, embarking on a summer REU, or preparing for graduate school, this book is appropriate for a variety of students and the faculty who guide them.

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Now in its second edition, this textbook provides an introduction and overview of number theory based on the density and properties of the prime numbers. This unique approach offers both a firm background in the standard material of number theory, as well as an overview of the entire discipline. All of the essential topics are covered, such as the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, theory of congruences, quadratic reciprocity, arithmetic functions, and the distribution of primes. New in this edition are coverage of p-adic numbers, Hensel's lemma, multiple zeta-values, and elliptic curve methods in primality testing.Key topics and features include: A solid introduction to analytic number theory, including full proofs of Dirichlet's Theorem and the Prime Number Theorem Concise treatment of algebraic number theory, including a complete presentation of primes, prime factorizations in algebraic number fields, and unique factorization of ideals Discussion of the AKS algorithm, which shows that primality testing is one of polynomial time, a topic not usually included in such texts Many interesting ancillary topics, such as primality testing and cryptography, Fermat and Mersenne numbers, and Carmichael numbers The user-friendly style, historical context, and wide range of exercises that range from simple to quite difficult (with solutions and hints provided for select exercises) make Number Theory: An Introduction via the Density of Primes ideal for both self-study and classroom use. Intended for upper level undergraduates and beginning graduates, the only prerequisites are a basic knowledge of calculus, multivariable calculus, and some linear algebra. All necessary concepts from abstract algebra and complex analysis are introduced where needed.

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Bereits in der Entwurfsphase eines Bauvorhabens kann der Schallschutz eine bedeutende Rolle für die Gebäudeausrichtung sowie die Grundrissgestaltung spielen. Zu berücksichtigen sind hierbei der Lärm, der von außen auf ein Gebäude einwirkt, sowie der Lärm, der durch den Menschen und technische Anlagen innerhalb des Gebäudes verursacht wird. Basics Schallschutz vermittelt dem Leser ein grundlegendes Verständnis der schalltechnischen Anforderungen für das Planen und Konstruieren. Zunächst werden die Grundlagen der Akustik erläutert, wobei auf die physikalischen Grundbegriffe, die Schallentstehung und -ausbreitung sowie die Schallempfindung eingegangen wird. Dann wird erklärt, wie Schallimmissionen beurteilt und welche lärmmindernden und gestalterischen Möglichkeiten für die Planung werden können.

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It is fashionable in professional circles to deplore the difficulty of intellectual discourse between "academicians" - men of letters, researchers, rationalist- and "practitioners" - surgeons, radiologists, physical therapists. How benefi­ cial it would be if educated non-academicians could speak intelligently about t-tests and chi-square tests and men of academia could appreciate the travail, spirit, and needs of a busy office and practice! Even this suspected gap between "two cultures" came very near together in the wonderful town of Groningen (The Netherlands) as wise men from both practice and scholarship gathered to talk about the unfathomables of the temporomandibular joint. There were keen discussions about the intense bio­ logical changes which occur about the complex temporomandibular joint after excessive use or injury. These papers were followed by talks outlining the experiences of those involved in the imaging and non-surgical and surgical management of patients who were enduring such changes. The pitch and interchange of opinions and evidence as to why a disc or its position could effect little or profound disturbance of the temporomandibular apparatus were en­ lightening to each who listened - and thought. And even more sobering was to hear the report of a well-documented, multiple decades long study of a large number of patients with osteoarthrosis and internal derangement which defined a natural course and eventual end of the disease. With this understanding, one is now faced with the obvious question of how much treatment patients with osteoarthrosis really require.

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Was it necessary for a 17th century painter to know principles of optics to hide a skull in one of his masterpieces? Is it possible the violent deaths of Roman emperors obey a statistical law? Are there connections between market trends and geometry? How did Islamic artists draw almost perfectly regular nine-sided polygons, when these cannot be traced with the use of compasses? Dirk Huylebrouk asks these and other exciting questions in this collection of essays, originally written for the science magazine EOS, a Dutch equivalent of Scientific American, distributed in Belgium and in The Netherlands. Every chapter can be read independently, as some subjects are repeated, and not strictly interconnected. Such is the case for instance of the golden section, an often-recurring topic in general mathematics. The reader will appreciate the original point of view expressed through each chapter, which makes this book stand out against the general information one can find by browsing the general media. The subtly provocative character of some parts is meant to stimulate the reader for further exploration. The book's title itself may already generate surprise. Sure, to many, mathematics seems to come from hell, but the darkness in the title in fact refers to the lugubrious stories about math and skulls, murders or World War II. There is also a more down-to-earth part about math and maps, money, Facebook, folding paper, shapes in ice and the most earthly yet unsolved math problems. ‘Bright mathematics’ alludes to Vedic, Islam, New Age, a meta-divine section, and is concluded by an interview with a top mathematician who also wrote about the existence of God.

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Revised and updated, this second edition of Walter Gautschi's successful Numerical Analysis explores computational methods for problems arising in the areas of classical analysis, approximation theory, and ordinary differential equations, among others. Topics included in the book are presented with a view toward stressing basic principles and maintaining simplicity and teachability as far as possible, while subjects requiring a higher level of technicality are referenced in detailed bibliographic notes at the end of each chapter. Readers are thus given the guidance and opportunity to pursue advanced modern topics in more depth. Along with updated references, new biographical notes, and enhanced notational clarity, this second edition includes the expansion of an already large collection of exercises and assignments, both the kind that deal with theoretical and practical aspects of the subject and those requiring machine computation and the use of mathematical software. Perhaps most notably, the edition also comes with a complete solutions manual, carefully developed and polished by the author, which will serve as an exceptionally valuable resource for instructors.

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Differential geometry is the study of the curvature and calculus of curves and surfaces. A New Approach to Differential Geometry using Clifford's Geometric Algebra simplifies the discussion to an accessible level of differential geometry by introducing Clifford algebra. This presentation is relevant because Clifford algebra is an effective tool for dealing with the rotations intrinsic to the study of curved space. Complete with chapter-by-chapter exercises, an overview of general relativity, and brief biographies of historical figures, this comprehensive textbook presents a valuable introduction to differential geometry. It will serve as a useful resource for upper-level undergraduates, beginning-level graduate students, and researchers in the algebra and physics communities.

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Villa Savoye is an icon of modern architecture. But who were Eugénie and Pierre Savoye, who had the house built between 1928 and 1930? Why did they commission Le Corbusier? And how did they live in the country house they dubbed "Villa les Heures Claires"? Their grandson Jean-Marc Savoye tells the story of the villa and its residents using rare documents and family memories. In his pictures, illustrator Jean-Philippe Delhomme – long fascinated by the building – brings to life the construction site, everyday life, the war period, its use as a barn, and its rescue from demolition. In 1965, Le Corbusier lived to see Villa Savoye declared a monument; in 2016 it earned a spot on the UNESCO World Heritage list and now welcomes 40,000 visitors each year.

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The first part of the book is devoted to the transport equation for a given vector field, exploiting the lagrangian structure of solutions. It also treats the regularity of solutions of some degenerate elliptic equations, which appear in the eulerian counterpart of some transport models with congestion. The second part of the book deals with the lagrangian structure of solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson system, which describes the evolution of a system of particles under the self-induced gravitational/electrostatic field, and the existence of solutions of the semigeostrophic system, used in meteorology to describe the motion of large-scale oceanic/atmospheric flows.​

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This thesis deals with specific features of the theory of holomorphic dynamics in dimension 2 and then sets out to study analogous questions in higher dimensions, e.g. dealing with normal forms for rigid germs, and examples of Kato 3-folds.The local dynamics of holomorphic maps around critical points is still not completely understood, in dimension 2 or higher, due to the richness of the geometry of the critical set for all iterates.In dimension 2, the study of the dynamics induced on a suitable functional space (the valuative tree) allows a classification of such maps up to birational conjugacy, reducing the problem to the special class of rigid germs, where the geometry of the critical set is simple. In some cases, from such dynamical data one can construct special compact complex surfaces, called Kato surfaces, related to some conjectures in complex geometry.

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This book describes the searches that lead to the discovery of a Higgs boson performed at CMS, one of the two main experiments at the CERN LHC. After an overview of the theory and of the CMS experiment, all search channels are described, with emphasis on the ones with the best sensitivity. The statistical methodology used to analyse and the outcomes of the searches and the discovery results are then presented in detail.

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This book consists mainly of the translation, by C. Fuchs, of the 1929 landmark paper "Über einige Anwendungen diophantischer Approximationen" by C.L. Siegel. The paper contains proofs of most important results in transcendence theory and diophantine analysis, notably Siegel’s celebrated theorem on integral points on algebraic curves. Many modern versions of Siegel’s proof have appeared, but none seem to faithfully reproduce all features of the original one. This translation makes Siegel’s original ideas and proofs available for the first time in English. The volume also contains the original version of the paper (in German) and an article by the translator and U. Zannier, commenting on some aspects of the evolution of this field following Siegel’s paper. To end, it presents three modern proofs of Siegel’s theorem on integral points.

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