Search results for ""Kant""

Hegel on Being provides an authoritative treatment of Hegel's entire logic of being. Stephen Houlgate presents the Science of Logic as an important and neglected text within Hegel's oeuvre that should hold a more significant place in the history of philosophy. In the Science of Logic, Hegel set forth a distinctive conception of the most fundamental forms of being through ideas on quality, quantity and measure. Exploring the full trajectory of Hegel's logic of being from quality to measure, this two-volume work by a preeminent Hegel scholar situates Hegel's text in relation to the work of Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, and Frege.Volume I: Quality and the Birth of Quantity in Hegel''s ''Science of Logic'' covers all material on the purpose and method of Hegel's dialectical logic and charts the crucial transition from the concept of quality to that of quantity, as well as providing an original account of Hegel's critique of Kant's antino

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The newly expanded and revised edition of Cooper’s popular anthology featuring classic writings on aesthetics, both historical and contemporary The second edition of this bestselling anthology collects essays of canonical significance in aesthetics and the philosophy of art, featuring a wide range of topics from the nature of beauty and the criteria for aesthetic judgement to the value of art and the appreciation of nature. Includes texts by classical philosophers like Plato and Kant alongside essays from art critics like Clive Bell, with new readings from Leonardo da Vinci, Oscar Wilde, Walter Pater, Ronald W. Hepburn, and Arthur C. Danto among others Intersperses philosophical scholarship with diverse contributions from artists, poets, novelists, and critics Broadens the scope of aesthetics beyond the Western tradition, including important texts by Asian philosophers from Mo Tzu to Tanizaki Includes a fully-updated introduction to the discipline written by the editor, as well as prefaces to each text and chapter-specific lists of further reading

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Philosophy like you've never seen it before. The latest in the celebrated Cartoon Introduction series, The Cartoon Introduction to Philosophy is an authoritative and engaging guide to the fundamental questions about our existence. In this indispensable primer, Kevin Cannon - one of the talented illustrators behind Evolution and The Stuff of Life - and the philosopher Michael F. Patton introduce the wisecracking Greek Heraclitus, who hops in a canoe with us as we navigate the great debates of Western thought. As we make our way down the winding river of philosophy, we meet the pre-Socratics, who first questioned mythology and wondered about the world around them; encounter the disciplines of logic, perception, and epistemology; face the central problem of free will; and witness historic arguments over the existence of God. Along the way, famous thinkers like Rene Descartes and Immanuel Kant spell out their work in clear, light-hearted conversations that will put readers at ease.

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This is the first English-language introduction to Peter Sloterdijk, the distinguished German philosopher and controversial public intellectual. Sloterdijk, in the tradition of Nietzsche and Heine, is an iconoclast who uses humour and biting critique to challenge many of modernity�s sacred thinkers, from Kant to Heidegger, in the process radically reinterpreting the canon of Western philosophy. In this unique textbook, leading Sloterdijk expert Jean-Pierre Couture explains in accessible language Sloterdijk�s exceptional contribution, breaking his thought down into five key approaches: psychopolitics, anthropotechnics, spherology, controversy, and therapeutics. Sloterdijk�s frequent public controversies, with supporters of Habermas and the Frankfurt school in particular, are assessed and their significance for current philosophical debates explained. This fascinating book will be an essential companion for those interested in the hybrid aesthetics of thought situated at the crossroads of art and philosophy. Its up-to-date analyses of Sloterdijk�s recently translated corpus will make it essential reading for all students and scholars of modern European thought.

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This second volume of a three-volume reassessment of the last five centuries of German history covers the two centuries from the crucial aftermath of the Thirty Years' War to the eve of the revolution of 1848-49. Dealing with the growth of absolutism, the author traces the founding of the Hapsburg empire and the rise of Bradenburg-Prussia, culminating in the conflict between Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great. Professor Holborn explores the impact of the French Revolution on Germany, its part in the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, and the subsequent reorganization of the German states. In his section on the Congress of Vienna, he shows the struggle between the conservatism of Metternich and the incipient liberal and national movement. Students of German history will appreciate the attention given religious, intellectual, and social developments, colorfully presented in chapters on Baroque civilization and the age of Kant, Goethe, and Beethoven.

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What is good political judgement? Is it a science subject to strict standards of logic and inference, or is it something more like an art, the product of intuition, feeling, or even chance? Peter J. Steinberger shows how the seemingly contradictory claims of inference and intuition are reconciled in the concept of political judgement. Resting his argument on the larger notion of judgement itself, Steinberger develops an original model of how political judgements are made and how we justify calling some of them "good." He lays the groundwork with a discussion of the ideas of Machiavelli, de Tocqueville, Nietzsche, Arendt, and Oakeshott on the nature of politics. Turning to the philosophic arguments of Kant, Gadamer, Grice, and Wittgenstein, he formulates a model of judgement as "intelligent performance," incorporating both intuition and rational reconstruction. Steinberger's conclusion - that a coherent political society must also be a judgmental one - is opposed to much contemporary thinking.

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Naast de publicaties, IPMA-C op basis van ICB 4 Courseware - herziene druk (ISBN: 978 94 018 427 1) adviseren wij bij dit materiaal gebruik te maken van het boek Projectmanagement op basis van ICB versie 4 - 4de herziene druk - IPMA B, IPMA C, IPMA-D , IPMA PMO (ISBN: 978 94 018 0381 6) De inhoud is gebaseerd op de Individual Competence Baseline version 4 (ICB4) van de International Project Management Association (IPMA) en beschrijft alle vakinhoudelijke, gedragsmatige en contextuele competenties voor de projectprofessional zoals deze zijn gespecificeerd in de examengids van IPMA Nederland. Deze 4-daagse training en halve dag examentraining is bedoeld voor projectmanagers met minimaal 3 jaar ervaring op het gebied van projectmanagement. De training richt zich op het versterken van zowel de 'harde' als 'zachte' kant van projectmanagement. Deze training leidt op tot het examen IPMA-C van IPMA CertificeringNa afloop van de training is de deelnemer in staat zelfstandig niet-complexe projec

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Kant describes the concept of freedom as "the keystone of the whole structure of a system of pure reason, even of speculative reason." Kant's theory of freedom thus plays a foundational and unifying role in all aspects of his philosophy and is thus of significant interest to historians of Kant's philosophy. Kant's theory of freedom has also played a significant role in contemporary debates in metaphysics, normative ethics, and metaethics. This volume brings historians of Kant's philosophy into conversation with contemporary metaphysicians and ethicists with the aim of representing the current state of scholarship on Kant's and Kantian accounts of freedom while at the same time opening new avenues of exploration. The Idea of Freedom includes papers by leading scholars on a range of historical and contemporary topics centrally related to the Kantian theory of freedom, including transcendental idealism, determinism, Kant's normative ethical theory, Kant's conception of cognition, Kant's theory of beauty, Kant's conception of logic, and many others.

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Problemas fundamentales de la filosofía es uno de los últimos textos de la tradición metafísica occidental. Simmel aborda los problemas filosóficos desde una concepción clásica y se acerca a la compleja problemática del ser, el devenir, el sujeto y el objeto, la idealidad del mundo moral y la esencia de la filosofía, en diálogo con autores como Platón, Parménides, Hegel o Kant.La obra fundamental de un autor poco conocido en nuestra lengua.Georg Simmel (Berlín, 1858-Estrasburgo, 1918) fue hombre de múltiples saberes que abarcan los campos de la filosofía, la historia, la sociología y las ciencias sociales en general. Filósofo no sistemático, su postura representa una especie de neo-kantismo relativista, de raíz vitalista, que tuvo un amplio predicamento en la Europa de final del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Fue amigo de escritores como Rainer Maria Rilke y Stephan George, y también de filósofos como Max Weber, Edmund Husserl y Ortega y Gasset, de quien fue profesor durante la

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La persona y la obra de Thomas Reid pertenecen de pleno derecho al siglo XVIII escocés, pródigo en figuras destacadas como David Hume, Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson o Francis Hutcheson. Aunque menos conocido que éstos, la aportación filosófica de Reid fue decisiva para la discusión de las cuestiones relativas a la concepción y la justificación del conocimiento.Despertado de su sueño dogmático, como Kant, por la lectura del Tratado sobre la naturaleza humana de su contemporáneo y paisano David Hume, Reid estaba convencido de que lo que él llamó la teoría de las ideas, y que hoy llamaríamos una forma de representacionismo, lleva inevitable y legítimamente al escepticismo pesimista de Hume. Pero en lugar de aceptar la consecuencia de este sistema que, según él, había dominado la filosofía desde Descartes hasta Hume, pasando por Malebranche y Locke, Reid propone cuestionar sus premisas. La Investigación sobre la mente humana según los principios del sentido común constituye así una crítica

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En la segunda mitad del s. XVIII, se manifestaron abiertamente en Alemania las dudas respecto del ideal racionalista de razón propio de la metafisica cartesiano-wolffiana, dudas producidas por el sensualismo inglés, el pietismo y, no en último lugar, por la interpretación pesimista de la Ilustración proveniente de Rousseau. La revuelta contra la supremacía de un racionalismo enemigo de la sensibilidad, revuelta conocida bajo el nombre de 'Sturm und Drang' y producida bajo el signo de una estética de la producción y del genio, ha sido absuelta en gran medida, a la luz de nuevas investifaciones histórico-literarias, de la sospecha de 'irracionalismo', visto que la explosividad filosófica de la crítica de la razón que le dio fundamento, y que ella misma desató, yace aún enterrada bajo el veredicto kantiano de 'irracionalismo soñador'. Sin embargo, son precisamente los temas capitales que Kant excluyó de esa crítica (la lingüisticidad de una razón siempre históricamente encarnada, así como

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Sobre la filosofía y los filósofos es un volumen de escritos filosóficos inéditos de Richard Rorty, figura central en los debates intelectuales de finales del siglo XX y uno de los principales responsables del resurgimiento del pragmatismo norteamericano. Esta colección de trabajos desconocidos hasta ahora, la primera que ve la luz desde su muerte en 2007, presenta ideas nuevas en materias como la metafísica, la ética, la epistemología, la semántica filosófica y la función social de la filosofía, en diálogo con autores clásicos y contemporáneos, de Platón a Kant y de Kripke a Brandom. La variedad de propuestas del libro, que incluye ensayos técnicos escritos para especialistas y conferencias divulgativas, afina nuestra comprensión de la perspectiva de Rorty y demuestra que el pensamiento pionero de este filósofo iconoclasta sigue plenamente vigente. La introducción a cargo de los editores subraya las aportaciones más originales y penetrantes de los textos aquí recogidos a los debates c

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En un recorrido desde la antigüedad hasta nuestros días, la autora presenta el discurso de filósofos sobre la diferencia sexual, oscilante entre androcentrismo y misoginia, y da voz a mujeres que han tratado de afirmar una perspectiva femenina en la filosofía, desde Hildegarda a María Zambrano, pasando por Margarita Porete, Virginia Woolf, Simone de Beauvoir, Hannah Arendt y Luce Irigaray, entre otras.Extracto del Índice:1/ El ser no es neutro. 2/ Igualdad y diferencia. 3/ La tradición, entre androcentrismo y misoginia. 4/ La diferencia en la cultura griega y medieval: Platón y Aristóteles; Tertuliano y Agustín; Eloísa y Abelardo; una iglesia sin mujeres: Tomás de Aquino. 5/ La mísica femenina: Hildegarda, Margarita Porete, Teresa de Ávila. 6/ La Edad Moderna entre diferencia e igualdad: Descartes, Rousseau, Kant, Mary Wollstonecraft. 7/ Filósofos y mujeres en el siglo XIX: Hegel, Marx, Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche. 8/ El siglo XX, con voz de mujer: Virginia Woolf, Simone

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Esta edición reúne varios de los escritos más relevantesde Johann Georg Hamann: las Memorablesreflexiones socráticas, dos cartas dirigidas aImmanuel Kant, la reseña que hizo Hamann de laCrítica de la razón pura y su escrito Metacríticaacerca del purismo de la razón pura.En ellos comienza a tomar cuerpo uno de los hilosmás fructíferos de crítica e incluso de cuestionamientodel proyecto ilustrado por parte de la filosofíaalemana, que cabe rastrear ?pues sus hitos nosiempre son explícitos? no solo en el romanticismosino también, con un alcance todavía mayor, en elpensamiento de Heidegger y en su muy influyentetraducción hermenéutica.Este hilo se teje alrededor del carácter mediadordel lenguaje, en el que se precipitan los conceptosa espaldas, parcialmente a espaldas, de loshombres.El volumen concluye con un epílogo de JoséLuis Villacañas, en el que analiza el singular ysorprendente hecho de que Hegel consagrar

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Hasta finales del siglo XVIII la música instrumental estaba subordinada a la vocal. Kant afirmaba que la música sin texto era placer más que cultura y Rousseau la desdeñaba puesto que no permitía expresar ideas. Sin embargo, a principios del siglo xix se produjo un cambio profundo: la música puramente instrumental empezó a considerarse un medio de conocimiento y se la valoraba precisamente porque era ajena a las limitaciones del lenguaje. En la música como pensamiento, Mark Evan Bonds analiza el origen de este cambio de mentalidaden los oyentes de finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX a partir de testimonios de la época y de una serie de fuentes?filosóficas, literarias, políticas y musicales?que nos descubren qué significó la música sinfónica para sus primeros oyentes. El resultado es una interpretación tan singular como rigurosa de las causas y los efectos de la revolución en la escucha y la recepción musicales.

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How to live a morally decent life in the midst of today's constant, complex choices In a world of often confusing and terrifying global problems, how should we make choices in our everyday lives? Does anything on the individual level really make a difference? In Catastrophe Ethics, Travis Rieder tackles the moral philosophy puzzles that bedevil us. He explores vital ethical concepts from history and today and offers new ways to think about the “right” thing to do when the challenges we face are larger and more complex than ever before.   Alongside a lively tour of traditional moral reasoning from thinkers like Plato, Mill, and Kant, Rieder posits new questions and exercises about the unique conundrums we now face, issues that can seem to transcend old-fashioned philosophical ideals. Should you drink water from a plastic bottle or not? Drive an electric car? When you learn about the horrors of factory farming, should you stop eating mea

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Normative orders emerge and pollinate everywhere. Whether it be with Kant or among conservatives, posts on the internet, in environmental discourses, or in our raising of our children: Norms populate and spread. This book explains how norms are created, why they are adopted, how they can be legitimated, and how they are contested and disappear. Combining twelve contributions from a diverse range of disciplines, the book unites, for the first time, younger scholars from the Research Centre “Normative Orders” at the University of Frankfurt. Even as certainties are questioned, norms are shown to play a central and vital role in regulating our behavior and understandings. Together, these norms form normative orders, with and through which political authority and the distribution of rights and goods are legitimized, in criminal law, educational systems, the territorial state, the discourse on progress, and in the Anthropocene. As Navigating Normative Orders shows, these norms control our personal and political lives in ways we may not even realize.

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In this insightful and controversial book, Rosen takes a new look at the famous "quarrel" that the moderns have with the ancients, analyzing and comparing ancient philosophers and modern Continental and analytical thinkers from Plato, Descartes, and Kant to Fichte, Nietzsche, and Rorty. He urges that we not dismiss the classical heritage but appropriate it, for this appropriation is an indispensable step in the process of legitimizing our historical experience. According to Rosen, the quarrel that is significant is not between ancients and moderns but between philosophy and sophistry, for the continuous attempt of Western civilization to prevent playfulness from degenerating into frivolity constitutes the unity of historical experience. The contemporary crisis of modernity as expressed by catchwords such as post-modernism, antiplatonism, postphilosophy, and deconstruction, could lead to a disintegration of this historical unity. But it also presents an opportunity for rejuvenation, provided that we are capable of the fidelity to the past that is the necessary condition for a future.

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In Thinking After Heidegger, David Wood takes up the challenge posed by Heidegger - that after the end of philosophy we need to learn to think. But what if we read Heidegger with the same respectful irreverence that he brought to reading the Greeks, Kant, Hegel, Husserl and the others? For Wood, it is Derrida's engagements with Heidegger that set the standard here – enacting a repetition through transformation and displacement. But Wood is not content to crown the new king. Instead he sets up a many-sided conversation between Heidegger, Hegel, Adorno, Nietzsche, Blanchot, Kierkegaard, Derrida and others. Derrida and deconstruction are first critically addressed and then drawn into the fundamental project of philosophical renewal, or renewal as philosophy. The book begins by rewriting Heidegger's inaugural lecture, 'What is Metaphysics?' and ends with an extended analysis of the performativity of his extraordinary Beitrage. Thinking after Heidegger will be a valuable text for scholars and students of contemporary philosophy, literature and cultural studies.

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"What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?" Posed by the early Christian Tertullian, the question was vigorously debated in the nineteenth century. While classics dominated the intellectual life of Europe, Christianity still prevailed, and conflicts raged between the religious and the secular. Taking on the question of how the glories of the classical world could be reconciled with the Bible, Socrates and the Jews explains how Judaism played a vital role in defining modern philhellenism. Exploring the tension between Hebraism and Hellenism, Miriam Leonard gracefully probes the philosophical tradition behind the development of classical philology and considers how the conflict became a preoccupation for the leading thinkers of modernity, including Matthew Arnold, Moses Mendelssohn, Kant, Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud. For each, she shows how the contrast between classical and biblical traditions is central to writings about rationalism, political subjectivity, and progress. Illustrating how the encounter between Athens and Jerusalem became a lightning rod for intellectual concerns, this book is a sophisticated addition to the history of ideas.

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An accessible history of the idea of purpose in Western thought, from ancient Greece to the presentCan we live without the idea of purpose? Should we even try to? Kant thought we were stuck with it, and even Darwin, who profoundly shook the idea, was unable to kill it. Indeed, purpose seems to be making a comeback today, as both religious advocates of intelligent design and some prominent secular philosophers argue that any explanation of life without the idea of purpose is missing something essential. On Purpose explores the history of purpose in philosophical, religious, scientific, and historical thought, from ancient Greece to the present. Accessibly written and filled with literary and other examples, the book traces how Platonic, Aristotelian, and Kantian ideas of purpose continue to shape Western thought. Along the way, it also takes up tough questions about the purpose of life—and whether it’s possible to have meaning without purpose.

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The Cambridge History of Modern European Thought is an authoritative and comprehensive exploration of the themes, thinkers and movements that shaped our intellectual world in the late-eighteenth and nineteenth century. Representing both individual figures and the contexts within which they developed their ideas, each essay is written in a clear accessible style by leading scholars in the field and offers both originality and interpretive insight. This first volume surveys late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century European intellectual history, focusing on the profound impact of the Enlightenment on European intellectual life. Spanning twenty chapters, it covers figures such as Kant, Hegel, Wollstonecraft, and Darwin, major political and intellectual movements such as Romanticism, Socialism, Liberalism and Feminism, and schools of thought such as Historicism, Philology, and Decadence. Renouncing a single 'master narrative' of European thought across the period, Warren Breckman and Peter E. Gordon establish a formidable new multi-faceted vision of European intellectual history for the global modern age.

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The End of the Law pursues further the ethical theories developed in the author's earlier books, such as Morals as Founded on Natural Law (1987) or The Recovery of Purpose (1993). Here he focuses more intensively upon the foundation of any deontological motive of duty upon a teleological substructure. All law is for an end, and moral reality is grounded exclusively in the exigences of a dynamic human reality. There is no separate moral reality or "universe of value". This is the attitude the author calls moralism, which he exposes in authors such as Kant and R.M. Hare, with their "anti-ontological stance". At the same time, he is careful to distance himself from utilitarianism, as replacing the common good with the aggregate good. For the author, and the Aristotelian Thomist tradition he draws upon, the ends of actions specify them morally, unlike extrinsically succeeding results.

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This book examines Samuel Beckett’s unique lesson in courage in the wake of humanism’s postwar crisis—the courage to go on living even after experiencing life as a series of catastrophes. Rabaté, a former president of the Samuel Beckett Society and a leading scholar of modernism, explores the whole range of Beckett’s plays, novels, and essays. He places Beckett in a vital philosophical conversation that runs from Bataille to Adorno, from Kant and Sade to Badiou. At the same time, he stresses Beckett’s inimitable sense of metaphysical comedy. Foregrounding Beckett’s decision to write in French, Rabaté inscribes him in a continental context marked by a “writing degree zero” while showing the prescience and ethical import of Beckett’s tendency to subvert the “human” through the theme of the animal. Beckett’s “declaration of inhuman rights,” he argues, offers the funniest mode of expression available to us today.

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Think outside of the box with 20 of the world's brilliant thinkers. Discover the lives of ten female and ten male philosophers from throughout history and from around the world. Philosophers is a perfect introduction to philosophy and some of the most dramatic and world-changing lives that challenged the thinking around reason, race, gender, politics, difference and diversity. Which philosopher felt that thinking proved he existed? Which philosopher wants us to abolish all governments? Who set the groundwork for the feminist movement? Who should we blame for anxiety? Meet Gargi Vachaknavi in India, the Greeks, such as Socrates and Aristotle, then Descartes, Kant, Wollstonecraft, Nietzsche, Arendt, de Beauvoir, Fanon and Piper - just to name a few! Beautiful and characterful portraits help bring to life these important thinkers and their contributions to our world. Clear, concise text presents key philosophical concepts alongside the stand-out biographical information from fascinating thinkers.

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Jean-Luc Marion has long endeavored to broaden our view of truth. In this illuminating new bookhis deepest engagement with theology to dateMarion proposes a rigorous new understanding of human and divine revelation in a deeply phenomenological key.Although today considered the central theme of theology, the concept of Revelation was almost entirely unknown to the first millennium of Christian thought. In a penetrating historical deconstruction, Marion traces the development of this term to the rise of metaphysics from Aquinas through Suárez, Descartes, and Kant; formalized into an epistemological framework, this understanding of Revelation has restricted philosophical and theological thinking ever since. To break free from these limits, Marion takes hints from theologians including Barth and Balthasar while mobilizing the phenomenology of givenness to provide a rigorous new understanding of revelation as a mode of uncovering. His extensive study of the Jewish and Chris

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Alejandro Jodorowsky is a force of nature. At 90 years old he is still making films and is a cultural phenomenon who has influenced other artists as disparate as John Waters and Yoko Ono. Although his body of work has long been considered disjointed and random, William Egginton claims that Jodorowsky’s writings, theatre work and mime, and his films, along with the therapeutic practice he calls psychomagic, can all be tied together to form the philosophical programme that underpins his films. Incorporating surrealism and thinkers including Lacan, Kant, Hegel, and Žižek into his interpretation of Jodorowsky's work, Egginton shows how his diverse films are connected by interpretive practices with a fundamental similarity to Lacanian psychoanalysis. Using case studies of Jodorowsky's cult films, El Topo, Fando y Lis and Holy Mountain and more, this book provides a unique perspective on a filmmaker whose work has been notoriously difficult to analyse.

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This volume of lectures on aesthetics, given by Adorno in the winter semester of 1958–9, formed the foundation for his later Aesthetic Theory, widely regarded as one of his greatest works. The lectures cover a wide range of topics, from an intense analysis of the work of Georg Lukács to a sustained reflection on the theory of aesthetic experience, from an examination of works by Plato, Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard and Benjamin, to a discussion of the latest experiments of John Cage, attesting to the virtuosity and breadth of Adorno's engagement. All the while, Adorno remains deeply connected to his surrounding context, offering us a window onto the artistic, intellectual and political confrontations that shaped life in post-war Germany. This volume will appeal to a broad range of students and scholars in the humanities and social sciences, as well as anyone interested in the development of critical theory.

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In "The Search for Meaning: A Short History", Dennis Ford explores eight approaches human beings have pursued over time to invest life with meaning and to infuse order into a seemingly chaotic universe. These include myth, philosophy, science, postmodernism, pragmatism, archetypal psychology, metaphysics, and naturalism. In engaging, companionable prose, Ford boils down these systems to their bare essentials, showing the difference between viewing the world from a religious point of view and that of a naturalist, and comparing a scientific worldview to a philosophical one.Ford investigates the contributions of the Greeks, Kant, and William James, and brings the discussion up-to-date with contemporary thinkers. He proffers the refreshing idea that in today's world, the answers provided by traditional religions to increasingly difficult questions have lost their currency for many and that the reductive or rationalist answers provided by science and postmodernism are themselves rife with unexamined assumptions.

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"We translate what American women write, they never translate our texts," wrote Helene Cixous almost two decades ago. Her complaint about the unavailability of French feminist writing in English has long since been rectified, but the situation for feminist writing by German-speaking philosophers remains today what it was then. This pioneering collection takes a giant step forward to overcoming this handicap, revealing the full richness and variety of feminist critique ongoing in this linguistic community. The essays offer fresh readings of thinkers from the Enlightenment to the present, including those often discussed by feminists everywhere—such as Freud, Habermas, Hegel, Kant, and Rousseau—as well as some less subjected to feminist critique such as Benjamin and Weininger.In their Introduction the editors provide the context for understanding both how these essays fit into the larger picture of developing feminist theory and what makes their contribution in some ways distinctive.

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Kant’s moral and political philosophy has been important in developing ethical thinking in international relations. This study argues that his theory of the state is crucially important for understanding the moral agency of the state as it is discussed in contemporary debates. For Kant, it is argued that the state has not only duties but also, controversially, inalienable rights that ground its relationship to its citizens and to other states. Most importantly, the state – regardless of its governmental form or factual behaviour – has a right to exist as a state. The Kantian account provided, therefore, explores not only the moral agency but also the moral standing of the state, examining the status of different kinds of states in world politics and expectations towards their ethical behaviour. Every state has a moral standing that must be respected in a morally imperfect world gradually transforming towards the ideal condition of perpetual peace.

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New arts created in the context of new social realities are impacting our traditional ideas about aesthetics. Art, art markets and aesthetics now interact in ways that demand new forms of thought and revision of old. Cosmopolitan Aesthetics presents the first thorough account of the challenges facing aesthetics today in the light of globalization, introducing the history that underpins them. This is an ideal starting point for anyone looking to better understand 21st century art and aesthetics. Beginning with globalization and the nature of global art markets today, Daniel Herwitz offers new insight into postcolonial aesthetics, colonial legacies, cultural property, the problems of global communication and aesthetic diversity, and the uneasy connection between aesthetics and politics, before providing a crucial grounding in 18th and 19th century aesthetics, with discussion of the three great modern aestheticians David Hume, Immanuel Kant and G.W.F. Hegel.

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This book presents key documents from the pre-1915 history of the extraterrestrial life debate. Introductions and commentaries accompany each source document, some of which are published here for the first time or in a new translation. Authors included are Aristotle, Lucretius, Aquinas, Nicholas of Cusa, Galileo, Kepler, Pascal, Fontenelle, Huygens, Newton, Pope, Voltaire, Kant, Paine, Chalmers, Darwin, Wallace, Dostoevski, Lowell, and Antoniadi, among others. Michael J. Crowe has compiled an extensive bibliography not available in other sources. These materials reveal that the extraterrestrial life debate, rather than being a relatively modern phenomenon, has extended throughout nearly all Western history and has involved many of its leading intellectuals. The readings also demonstrate that belief in extraterrestrial life has had major effects on science and society, and that metaphysical and religious views have permeated the debate throughout much of its history.

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In his Enquiry—which has been described as "certainly one of the most important aesthetic documents that eighteenth -century England produced"—the young Burke provided a systematic analysis of the 'sublime' and the 'beautiful,' together with a distinctive terminology which served to express certain facets of the changing sensibility of his time. The introduction traces the main sources of Burke’s ideas and establishes the nature of his originality. The largest section of the editor’s introduction, however, examines the influence of the Enquiry. Major writers like Johnson, Wordsworth and Thomas Hardy, painters such as Fuseli and Mortimer, and critics such as Diderot, Lessing and Kant, as well as many other minor figures, recognized Burke’s new insights, and in varying degrees assimilated them. The second edition, revised by Burke himself, provides the copy-text, including changes between the first and second editions.

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In this synthetic introduction to the history of the philosophy of art, Noël Carroll elucidates and analyzes selected writings on art by Plato, Aristotle, Hutcheson, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Tolstoy, and Bell. Carroll’s narrative tracks developments between major positions in philosophy of art, ranging from the idea that art is unavoidably embedded in society to the evolution of the notion that art is autonomous ("art for art’s sake"), thereby setting the stage for continuing debates in the philosophy of art.Presupposing no prior background, and useful on its own or accompanying the reading of primary works, Classics in Western Philosophy of Art is ideal as a text for introductory undergraduate and graduate courses in philosophy of art and aesthetics, or for anyone interested in learning about the origin of some of our most fundamental conceptions of art in the Western tradition.

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How to sustain an international system of cooperation in the midst of geopolitical struggleCan the international economic and legal system survive today's fractured geopolitics? Democracies are facing a drawn-out contest with authoritarian states that is entangling much of public policy with global security issues. In Global Discord, Paul Tucker lays out principles for a sustainable system of international cooperation, showing how democracies can deal with China and other illiberal states without sacrificing their deepest political values. Drawing on three decades as a central banker and regulator, Tucker applies these principles to the international monetary order, including the role of the U.S. dollar, trade and investment regimes, and the financial system.Combining history, economics, and political and legal philosophy, Tucker offers a new account of international relations. Rejecting intellectual traditions that go back to Hobbes, Kant, and Grotius,

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Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy has often been criticised for ignoring a crucial dimension of community in its account of the lives that agents ought to lead. Historical and contemporary critics alike often paint Kant’s moral theory, with its emphasis on rationality, as overly formalistic and unrealistically isolating. Against these criticisms, Kate A. Moran argues that Kant’s moral philosophy reserves a central role for community in several important respects. In the first part of her book, Moran asserts that Kant’s most developed account of the goal toward which agents ought to strive is actu¬ally a kind of ethical community. Indeed, Kant claims that agents have a duty to pursue this goal. Moran argues that this duty entails a con¬cern for the development of agents’ moral characters and capacities for moral reasoning, as well as the institutions and relationships that aid in this development. Next, Moran examines three specific social institutions and relationships that, according to Kant, help develop moral character and moral reasoning. In three separate chapters, Moran examines the role that moral education, friendship, and participation in civil society play in developing agents’ moral capacities. Far from being mere afterthoughts in Kant’s moral system, Moran maintains that these institutions are crucial in bringing about the end of an ethical community. The text draws on a wide range of Immanuel Kant’s writings, including his texts on moral and political philosophy and his lectures on ethics, pedagogy, and anthropology. Though the book is grounded in an analysis of Kant’s writing, it also puts forward the novel claim that Kant’s theory is centrally concerned with the relationships we have in our day-to-day lives. It will, therefore, be an invaluable tool in understanding both the complexities ofKant’s moral philosophy, and how even a liberal, deontological theory like Kant’s can give a satisfying account of the importance of community in our moral lives.

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Christine M. Korsgaard presents a compelling new view of humans' moral relationships to the other animals. She defends the claim that we are obligated to treat all sentient beings as what Kant called "ends-in-themselves". Drawing on a theory of the good derived from Aristotle, she offers an explanation of why animals are the sorts of beings for whom things can be good or bad. She then turns to Kant's argument for the value of humanity to show that rationality commits us to claiming the standing of ends-in-ourselves, in two senses. Kant argued that as autonomous beings, we claim to be ends-in-ourselves when we claim the standing to make laws for ourselves and each other. Korsgaard argues that as beings who have a good, we also claim to be ends-in-ourselves when we take the things that are good for us to be good absolutely and so worthy of pursuit. The first claim commits us to joining with other autonomous beings in relations of moral reciprocity. The second claim commits us to treating the good of every sentient creature as something of absolute importance. Korsgaard argues that human beings are not more important than the other animals, that our moral nature does not make us superior to the other animals, and that our unique capacities do not make us better off than the other animals. She criticizes the "marginal cases" argument and advances a new view of moral standing as attaching to the atemporal subjects of lives. She criticizes Kant's own view that our duties to animals are indirect, and offers a non-utilitarian account of the relation between pleasure and the good. She also addresses a number of directly practical questions: whether we have the right to eat animals, experiment on them, make them work for us and fight in our wars, and keep them as pets; and how to understand the wrong that we do when we cause a species to go extinct.

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Cómo es posible que ciertos tipos digan bellas frases a la hora de su muerte? El todo está bien de Kant, o el más luz de Goethe, o el mañana qué vendrá de Pessoa, o incluso, a la manera de Sócrates, el llévense de aquí a las mujeres de Herculano. A la hora de la muerte lo que se debería hacer es estar callado. Es lo que debería de apetecer a medida que se fuera llegando allí. De ahí que quizás el hecho de que no se pierda el habla, aunque sea el lamento, es la señal de que todavía se está vivo. Pero si la cosa duele, se queda quieto y callado, esperando. La gran verdad de la vida es la muerte. Y un muerto está tranquilo. Cómo es posible que algunos a la hora de la muerte tengan la insolencia de hacer frases?VERGÍLIO FERREIRA

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... Nuestra teoría debe generar principios racionales necesarios para la elección sin introducir presupuestos morales previos, limitaciones en la búsqueda del interés o el beneficio individual que, siendo imparciales, satisfagan lo que tradicionalmente se entiende por moral. ... Lo que nos interesa es validar la concepción que entiende la moral como un conjunto de restricciones racionales e imparciales que limitan la búsqueda del interés personal sin defender algún código moral particular ...Tratar de establecer la racionalidad de las restricciones morales no es en sí misma una tarea novedosa ... Quienes se han dedicado a ella apelaron a una concepción de racionalidad práctica, derivada de Kant, completamente diferente de la nuestra (puesto que) ... incluye ya la dimensión moral de imparcialidad que nosotros tratamos de generar. (David Gauthier)Gauthier muestra que su planteamiento no sólo asegura el beneficio mutuo y la justicia, con lo cual satisface las normas de la moral, sin

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Filósofo húngaro, político y crítico literario, György Lukács (1885-1971) es considerado uno de los intelectuales marxistas más influyentes del siglo pasado.Marcado por la filosofía de Kant y Weber, su obra, fundamental para la interpretación de las teorías de clase y la alienación del trabajo, influiría en el pensamiento de grandes figuras de la política del siglo XX como Ernesto Che Guevara.La ontología del ser social es una obra que no sólo renueva la tradición de la gran filosofía clásica, sino que también permite extender los intereses filosóficos a ramas de la ciencia que se habían mantenido al margen en la reflexión filosófica contemporánea. Ningún otro filósofo, antes que Lukács, ha colocado tan fuertemente el énfasis sobre el trabajo como principio de hominización.La presente traducción se ha realizado del original en alemán de su obra póstuma La ontología del ser social.

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Joel Harter reconstructs Samuel Taylor Coleridge's intellectual project as a philosophy of faith that anticipates modern philosophical hermeneutics, challenges reductive notions of reason and personhood, and illustrates the progressive potential of the biblical tradition. His central claim is that Coleridge's definition of the symbol is his attempt to reclaim an allegorical vision in response to modern alienation. The symbolic imagination affirms meaning through ongoing interpretation and informs Coleridge's various efforts in literature, philosophy, theology, and cultural criticism. Harter examines Coleridge's complex appropriation of Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Schelling, and clarifies the relationship of symbol to allegory and irony. Harter also responds to later postmodern challenges to meaning and transcendence. In a discussion that includes Paul Ricoeur, David Tracy, and modern theologies of symbol the author concludes that Coleridge's understanding of the symbol reconciles reason and revelation and that creative imagination is necessary for critical philosophy and theology.

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Twelve grotesque tales from the philosopher and literary absurdist Mynona Mynona’s other 1921 collection of grotesques is no less provocative and just as indefinable in nature—even close to a century after its original publication. These twelve off-kilter parabolic tales include items such as “The Chamber Pot as Lifesaver,” “The Art of Self-Embalming,” “The Maiden as Toothpowder,” “Your Panties Are Beautiful!” and “The Amorous Corpse.” E.T.A. Hoffmann meets Immanuel Kant through the unlikeliest of looking glasses as Mynona spins out quasi-mystical meetings between cosmic entities and drawing-room romantics: a starry-eyed Buster Keaton skirting along the philosophical and literary borders of topics such as cuckoldry, necrophilia, schizophrenia, the end of history and the love lives of objects. With its companion volume of grotesques, The Unruly Bridal Bed, these twelve tales poke more holes in the material world and further demonstrate Mynona’s predilection for the philosophical pratfall.

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This is the first book-length study of the humanities and the Irish university. Ireland was a deeply religious country throughout the twentieth century but the colleges of its National University never established a religion or theology department. The official first language of Ireland is Irish but the vast majority of teaching in the arts and humanities is in English. These are two of the anomalies that long constrained humanities education in Ireland. This book charts a history of responses to humanities education in the Irish context. Reading the work of John Henry Newman, Padraig Pearse, Sean O Tuama, Denis Donoghue, Declan Kiberd, Richard Kearney and others, it looks for an Irish humanities ethos. It compares humanities models in the US, France and Asia with those in Ireland in light of work by Immanuel Kant, Pierre Bourdieu and Jacques Derrida. It should appeal to those interested in Irish education and history.

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This book examines Samuel Beckett’s unique lesson in courage in the wake of humanism’s postwar crisis—the courage to go on living even after experiencing life as a series of catastrophes. Rabaté, a former president of the Samuel Beckett Society and a leading scholar of modernism, explores the whole range of Beckett’s plays, novels, and essays. He places Beckett in a vital philosophical conversation that runs from Bataille to Adorno, from Kant and Sade to Badiou. At the same time, he stresses Beckett’s inimitable sense of metaphysical comedy. Foregrounding Beckett’s decision to write in French, Rabaté inscribes him in a continental context marked by a “writing degree zero” while showing the prescience and ethical import of Beckett’s tendency to subvert the “human” through the theme of the animal. Beckett’s “declaration of inhuman rights,” he argues, offers the funniest mode of expression available to us today.

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Since it appeared in 1971, John Rawls's A Theory of Justice has become a classic. The author has now revised the original edition to clear up a number of difficulties he and others have found in the original book.Rawls aims to express an essential part of the common core of the democratic tradition--justice as fairness--and to provide an alternative to utilitarianism, which had dominated the Anglo-Saxon tradition of political thought since the nineteenth century. Rawls substitutes the ideal of the social contract as a more satisfactory account of the basic rights and liberties of citizens as free and equal persons. "Each person," writes Rawls, "possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override." Advancing the ideas of Rousseau, Kant, Emerson, and Lincoln, Rawls's theory is as powerful today as it was when first published.

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This book is the first comprehensive study of Schopenhauer's philosophy of religion. It develops a contextual account of Schopenhauer's relation to the religions of India by placing his interpretation of their main doctrines within the perspective of his diagnosis of the religious situation in nineteenth-century Europe, and his revised conception of the proper content and methods of metaphysical philosophy in the wake of Kant. It shows that Schopenhauer's encounter with the religions of India was the stimulus for his formulation of a novel theory of a revitalised modern Christianity. The possibility of an oriental renaissance prompted Schopenhauer to argue that Christianity's immanent or ethical teachings needed to be severed from its supernatural or metaphysical doctrines, so that European culture could continue to satisfy the human need for a metaphysical interpretation of the world and life. This book will be of interest to philosophers, theologians, students of religion and modern intellectual history.

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En su conferencia pronunciada en 1928 para conmemorar la República de Weimar, Cassirer muestra que los valores defendidos por esa constitución republicana hunden sus raíces en la Ilustración europea. Los derechos del hombre y del ciudadano promulgados por la Revolución francesa gracias a Lafayette se habrían inspirado desde luego en las declaraciones de los nuevos Estados libres norteamericanos, pero deberían su gestación y consagración conceptual nada menos que a filósofos como Leibniz o Kant. Con todo ello se ilustra la fecunda interacción que se da entre teoría y praxis, entre la historia de las ideas y el cómo va configurándose merced a ellas nuestra realidad político-social.Poco después, en la primavera de 1929, los asistentes a un congreso filosófico celebrado en la localidad suiza de Davos presenciaron un debate que ha devenido legendario por confrontar dos cosmovisiones antagónicas. En torno a sus respectivas interpretaciones del pensamiento kantiano, Cassirer y Heidegger p

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