Search results for ""University of British Columbia Press""

In the past several years religion has increasingly become an integral component of discussions about diversity and multiculturalism in Canada. Of particular concern has been the formulation of limits on religious freedom. Defining Harm explores the ways in which religion and religious freedom are conceptualized and regulated in a cultural context of fear of the “other” and religious “extremism.”Drawing from literature on risk society, governance, feminist legal theory, and religious rights, Lori Beaman looks at the case of Jehovah’s Witness Bethany Hughes who was denied her right to refuse treatment on the basis of her religious conviction. The B.H. case, as it was known in the courts, reflects a particular moment in the socio-legal treatment of religious freedom and reveals the specific intersection of religious, medical, legal, and other discourses in the governance of the religious citizen.A powerful examination of the governance of a religious citizen and of the limits of religious freedom, this book demonstrates that the stakes in debates on religious freedom are not just about beliefs and practices but also have implications for the construction of citizenship in a diverse nation.

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Navigating Neoliberalism argues that neoliberalism, which drives government policy concerning First Nations in Canada, can also drive self-determination. And in a globalizing world, new opportunities for indigenous governance may transform socioeconomic well-being. Gabrielle Slowey studies the development of First Nations governance in health, education, economic development, and housing. Contrary to the popular belief that First Nations suffer in an age of state retrenchment, privatization, and decentralization, Slowey finds that the Mikisew First Nation has successfully exploited opportunities for greater autonomy and well-being that the current political and economic climate has presented.

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What do we really mean by phrases such as “western Canadian political culture,” “the centrist political culture of Ontario,” “Red Toryism in the Maritimes,” or “Prairie socialism”? What historical, geographical, and sociological factors came into play as these cultures were forged? In this book, Nelson Wiseman addresses many such questions, offering new ways of conceiving Canadian political culture.The most thorough review of the national political ethos written in a generation, In Search of Canadian Political Culture offers a bottom-up, regional analysis that challenges how we think and write about Canada.

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The Archive of Place weaves together a series of narratives about environmental history in a particular location – British Columbia’s Chilcotin Plateau. In the mid-1990s, the Chilcotin was at the centre of three territorial conflicts. Opposing groups, in their struggle to control the fate of the region and its resources, invoked different understandings of its past – and different types of evidence – to justify their actions. These controversies serve as case studies, as William Turkel examines how people interpret material traces to reconstruct past events, the conditions under which such interpretation takes place, and the role that this interpretation plays in historical consciousness and social memory. It is a wide-ranging and original study that extends the span of conventional historical research.

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In Race and the City, Shanti Fernando presents an elegant analysis of the mechanisms of political mobilization under systemic racism that draws on case studies, interviews, and a detailed understanding of the racialized legal and sociocultural histories of both the United States and Canada. She argues that while increasing diversity may be a challenge for systemic inclusiveness, it is one that must be met if Canada is to uphold its vision of a truly democratic society.

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As the sustainability of our natural resources is increasingly questioned, Canadians remain stubbornly convinced of the unassailability of our water. Mounting evidence suggests, however, that Canadian water is under threat. Eau Canada assembles the country’s top water experts to discuss our most pressing water issues. Perspectives from a broad range of thinkers – geographers, environmental lawyers, former government officials, aquatic and political scientists, and economists – reflect the diversity of concerns in water management.Arguing that weak governance is at the heart of Canada’s water problems, this timely book identifies our key failings, explores debates over jurisdiction, transboundary waters, exports, and privatization, and maps out solutions for protecting our most important resource.

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The global community’s ability to deal effectively withenvironmental problems is contingent on the successful integration ofinternational relations theory with ecological thought. Yet, while mostscholars and policymakers recognize the connection between these twointerrelated branches of study, no substantial dialogue exists betweenthem. This volume seeks to fill the lacuna with an originalsynthesis. International Ecopolitical Theory assembles some of the topthinkers in the field to provide an invaluable overview of the maincritical strands of theory in global environmental politics. By framingthe environmental question within a historical and philosophicalcontext, it highlights problems inherent in economistic and managerialapproaches to sustainable development policy. Emphasizing environmental consciousness as a cultural norm in anevolving set of global relations, it tackles important debates onnaturalism, foundationalism, and radical ecology. Ultimately, it makesa convincing case for the necessity of a critical internationalrelations theory duly informed by the paradoxes of ecologicalgovernance. With contributions from experts in political science,philosophy, ecology, history, geography, and systems theory, thiscollection will have an impact across many disciplines.

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Unsettling Encounters radically re-examines Emily Carr’s achievement in representing Native life on the Northwest Coast in her painting and writing. By reconstructing a neglected body of Carr’s work that was central in shaping her vision and career, it makes possible a new assessment of her significance as a leading figure in early-twentieth-century North American modernism.Gerta Moray vividly recreates the rapidly changing historical and social circumstances in which the artist painted and wrote. Carr lived and worked in British Columbia at a time when the growing settler population was rapidly taking over and developing the land and its resources. Moray argues that Carr’s work takes on its full significance only when it is seen as a conscious intervention in Native-settler relations. She examines the work in the context of images of Native peoples then being constructed by missionaries and anthropologists and exploited by promoters of world’s fairs and museums. Carr’s famous, highly expressive later paintings were based to a great extent on her early experiences of travel to First Nations communities. At the same time they were a response to the hopes and anxieties that attended the rapid modernization of North American culture in the 1920s and ’30s.Moray explores Carr’s participation, with the Group of Seven, in an agenda of building a national culture and her sense of her own position as a woman artist in this masculine arena. Unsettling Encounters is the definitive study of Carr’s ‘Indian’ images, locating them within both the local context of Canadian history and the wider international currents of visual culture.

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The tension between diversity and equality is central to debates about multiculturalism, self-determination, identity, and pluralism. How, for example, can the claims of ethnic and religious groups be respected when they conflict with individual rights and liberal equality? Diversity and Equality critically examines the challenge of protecting rights in diverse societies such as Canada. It develops new approaches in philosophy, law, politics, and anthropology to address the goals and problems associated with cultural, religious, and national minority rights. The contributors to this volume explore the conflicts between group demands for cultural autonomy and individual assertions of basic interests. At stake in these debates about rights and autonomy in multicultural and multinational democracies is the very meaning of freedom.

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In the middle of the most destructive conflict in human history, almost 40,000 Germans civilians and prisoners of war were detained in internment and work camps across Canada. Five internment camps were located on the southern shores of the St. Lawrence River in the province of Quebec: at Farnham, Grande Ligne, Île-aux-Noix, Sherbrooke, and Sorel.Prisoners of the Home Front details the organization and day-to-day affairs of these internment camps and reveals the experience of their inmates. Martin Auger shows how internment imposed psychological and physical strain in the form of restricted mobility, sexual deprivation, social alienation, and lack of physical comfort. In response, Canadian authorities introduced labour projects and education programs to uphold morale, thwart internal turmoil, and prevent escapes. These initiatives were also intended to expose prisoners to the values of a democratic society and prepare them for postwar reintegration.Auger concludes that Canada abided by the Geneva Convention; its treatment of German prisoners was humane. Prisoners of the Home Front sheds light on life behind barbed wire, filling an important void in our knowledge of the Canadian home front during the Second World War.

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Is Canada becoming a more polarized society? Or is it a kind-hearted nation that takes care of its disadvantaged? This volume closely examines these differing views through a careful analysis of the causes, trends, and dimensions of inequality to provide an overall assessment of the state of inequality in Canada. Contributors include economists, sociologists, philosophers, and political scientists, and the discussion ranges from frameworks for thinking about inequality, to original analyses using Canadian data, to assessments of significant policy issues, methodologies, and research directions. What emerges is the most detailed picture of inequality in Canada to date and, disturbingly, one that shows signs of us becoming a less just society.An invaluable source of information for policy makers, researchers, and students from a broad variety of disciplines, Dimensions of Inequality in Canada will also appeal to readers interested or involved in public debates over inequality.

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People with disabilities in Canada inhabit a system of deep structural, economic, social, political, legal, and cultural inequality – a regime of dis-citizenship. Despite the widespread belief that Canada is a country of liberty, equality, and inclusiveness, many persons with disabilities experience social exclusion and marginalization. They are socially constructed as second-class citizens.Conventional understandings of disability are dependent on assumptions that characterize disability as misfortune and by implication privilege the “normal” over the “abnormal.” Consequently, it is presumed that societal organization based upon able-bodied and -minded norms is inevitable and that the best we can do is show sympathy or pity. The essays Critical Disability Theory contend instead that achieving equality for the disabled is not fundamentally a question of medicine or health, nor is it an issue of sensitivity or compassion. Rather, it is a question of politics, and of power and powerlessness.This book argues that we need new ways to think about the nature of disability, a new understanding of participatory citizenship that encompasses the disabled, new policies to respond to their needs, and a new vision of their entitlements. Twenty-four scholars from a variety of disciplines come together here to identify the problems with traditional approaches to disability and to provide new directions. The essays range from focused empirical and experiential studies of different disabilities, to policy analyses, legal interrogations, and philosophical reconsiderations. The result will be of interest to policy makers, professionals, academics, non-governmental organizations, and grassroots activists.

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When the Internet began to emerge as a popular new mode ofcommunication, many political scientists and social commentatorsbelieved that it would revolutionize our democratic institutions.Today, voter turnout is at an historic low and Internet usage is at anall-time high. Can we still make the claim that new information andcommunication technologies (ICTs) enhance democratic life in Canada?What effect does the technological mediation of political communicationhave on the practice of Canadian politics? How have such technologiesaffected the distribution of power in society? Darin Barney investigates the links between ICTs and democraticprocesses, arguing that the potential of digital technologies tocontribute to a more democratic political system will remain largelyuntapped unless the more conventional dimensions of Canadian politics,the economy, and modes of governance are reoriented.

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Building Health Promotion Capacity explores the professional practice of health promotion and, in particular, how individuals and organizations can become more effective in undertaking and supporting such practice.The book is based on the experiences of the Building Health Promotion Capacity Project (1998-2003), a continuing education and applied research venture affiliated with the Saskatchewan Heart Health Program.The project studied the process of capacity development in relation to practitioners and regional health districts in Saskatchewan. For health promotion practitioners across Canada and beyond, this book provides a coherent framework for effective professional practice. Leaders in health sector organizations will develop a firmer grasp of how to support health promotion practice and how to recruit and retain individual practitioners with a high level of capacity. Policy makers will improve their knowledge of environments that support the health promotion capacity of individuals and organizations. Scholars will learn about the nature of health promotion capacity and about a methodology for its study.

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With Good Intentions examines the joint efforts of Aboriginal people and individuals of European ancestry to counter injustice in Canada when colonization was at its height, from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century. These people recognized colonial wrongs and worked together in a variety of ways to right them, but they could not stem the tide of European-based exploitation.The book is neither an apologist text nor an attempt to argue that some colonizers were simply “well intentioned.” Almost all those considered here – teachers, lawyers, missionaries, activists – had as their overall goal the Christianization and civilization of Canada’s First Peoples. While their sensitivity and willingness to work in concert with Aboriginal people made them stand out from their less sympathetic compatriots, they were nonetheless implicated in the colonialist project, as the contributors to this volume make clear.By discussing examples of Euro-Canadians who worked with Aboriginal peoples, With Good Intentions brings to light some of the lesser-known complexities of colonization.This volume is an important resource for anyone interested in Canadian history, particularly post-Confederation history, and in Native studies and issues of colonization of Native peoples.

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This book is about poor women, many of them single mothers, Aboriginal,or both, who have defied the odds to become apprenticing carpenters. Todo so they have juggled child-care schedules, left abusive partners,and kicked drug habits to participate in a unique intensive retrainingprogram. Through the voices of the women participants and theirinstructors, Margaret Little analyzes the program to reveal thestruggles and triumphs of low-income women. She demonstrates that thereis a desperate need for retraining programs that provide realopportunities for economic independence. She also argues that, in anera of workfare and time-limited welfare, such programs are aneffective strategy for welfare reform.

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Established in 1940 in response to the Great Depression, the original goal of Canada’s system of unemployment insurance was to ensure the protection of income to the unemployed. Joblessness was viewed as a social problem and the jobless as its unfortunate victims. If governments could not create the right conditions for full employment, they were obligated to compensate people who could not find work. While unemployment insurance expanded over several decades to the benefit of the rights of the unemployed, the mid-1970s saw the first stirrings of a counterattack as the federal government’s Keynesian strategy came under siege. Neo-liberalists denounced unemployment insurance and other aspects of the welfare state as inflationary and unproductive. Employment was increasingly thought to be a personal responsibility and the handling of the unemployed was to reflect a free-market approach. This regressive movement culminated in the 1990s counter-reforms, heralding a major policy shift. The number of unemployed with access to benefits was halved during that time.From UI to EI examines the history of Canada’s unemployment insurance system and the rights it grants to the unemployed. The development of the system, its legislation, and related jurisprudence are viewed through a historical perspective that accounts for the social, political, and economic context. Campeau critically examines the system with emphasis upon its more recent transformations. This book will interest professors and students of law, political science, and social work, and anyone concerned about the right of the unemployed to adequate protection.

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The Dominion and the Rising Sun is the first major study ofCanada’s diplomatic arrival in Japan and, by extension, EastAsia. It examines the political, economic, and cultural relationsforged during this seminal period between the foremost power in Asiaand the young dominion tentatively establishing itself in worldaffairs. The book begins with the opening in 1929 of the Canadian legation inTokyo -- Canada’s third such office overseas -- and concludeswith the outbreak of hostilities in 1941. Primarily a diplomatichistory, the book also assesses the impact of traders, interest groups,and missionaries on Canadian attitudes toward Japan during the interwaryears. More fundamentally, it examines Canada’s diplomatic comingof age closely, revealing its important Pacific dimension and thetension between Canada’s commitment to peace and its trade withan aggressor.

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This book is about poor women, many of them single mothers, Aboriginal,or both, who have defied the odds to become apprenticing carpenters. Todo so they have juggled child-care schedules, left abusive partners,and kicked drug habits to participate in a unique intensive retrainingprogram. Through the voices of the women participants and theirinstructors, Margaret Little analyzes the program to reveal thestruggles and triumphs of low-income women. She demonstrates that thereis a desperate need for retraining programs that provide realopportunities for economic independence. She also argues that, in anera of workfare and time-limited welfare, such programs are aneffective strategy for welfare reform.

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During the Second World War, Canadians found themselves behind enemy lines in Europe and Asia. Not all were ill-fated airmen, shot down in the fury of battle. Some were there by design, as volunteers who risked their lives in extremely hazardous assignments.Almost one hundred Canadians served the Allied forces by passing as locals in occupied countries. At the behest of two British secret services, these men made language and custom their costumes and wove themselves into the social fabric of France, Italy, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Burma, Malaya, and Sarawak. They risked their lives assisting resistance groups in sabotage and ambush missions or in smuggling Allied airmen out of occupied territories. Quiet heroes of the war, these bold Canadians helped to make the brutal and unrelenting warfare of the underground a potent weapon in the Allied arsenal.Out of print for more than two decades, this bestselling book recognizes the unique contribution of these individuals to the underground war effort. It is also a study of unstinting personal courage in the face of overwhelming odds.

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The 2000 case of Little Sisters Book and Art Emporium v. Customs Canada provided Canada’s highest court with its first opportunity to consider whether the analysis set out in R. v. Butler – in which the Supreme Court identified pornography as an issue of sex discrimination – applies to pornography intended for a lesbian or gay male audience. The Court held that it did, finding that, like heterosexual pornography, same-sex pornography also violates the sex equality interests of all Canadians.Christopher Kendall supports this finding, arguing that gay male pornography reinforces those social attitudes that create systemic inequality on the basis of sex and sexual orientation – misogyny and homophobia alike – by sexually conditioning gay men to those attitudes and practices.The author contends that as a result of litigation efforts like those brought by lesbian and gay activists in the Little Sisters case, the notion of empowerment and the rejection of those values that daily result in all that is anti-gay have been replaced with a misguided community ethic and identity politic that encourages inequality. This is best exemplified in the gay male pornography defended in Little Sisters as “liberation” and “central to sexual freedom.”Gay Male Pornography rejects the equality claims of gay male pro-pornography advocates and argues that there is little to be gained from sexualized conformity. To date, no one has taken the position that gay male pornography violates the legal right to sex equality. This book does that and, as such, it will be of value to scholars of law, sociology, and gender studies, as well as to all who have an interest in equality and justice.

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In the late 18th century, the English jurist William Blackstone famously described property as “that sole and despotic dominion.” What Blackstone meant was that property was an “absolute right, inherent in every Englishman . . . which consists in the free use, enjoyment, and disposal of all acquisitions without any control or diminution, save only by the laws of the land.” In light of the intervening 250 years of colonization, Blackstone’s “despotic dominion” has assumed new and more ambiguous meanings. It is the ambiguity of the meanings of property and the tensions that were and still are evident in property disputes with which this book is concerned.Despotic Dominion brings together the work of scholars whose study of the evolution of property law in the colonies recognizes the value in locating property law and rights within the broader political, economic, and intellectual contexts of those societies. The stimulus for this new interdisciplinary scholarship has emerged from litigation and political action for the resolution of questions of Aboriginal title and other disputes over property rights in several former settler colonies, most notably Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. As the essays in this book demonstrate, a significant part of the recent explosion in interest and speculation about property rights relates historically to the securing of a more reliable cultural context for assessing these claims. For this reason, Despotic Dominion will be of interest not only to students and researchers of colonial history, but also to scholars of native studies and law, as well as those interested in the contested terrain of property rights.

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In a world where federal states seem to exist precariously,politicians and academics from around the globe continue to look toCanada as a model of federalism. And yet, our own system oforganization and governance also appears strained: Quebec nationalism,First Nations’ claims, the regionalization of party politics, andthe uneven and shifting delivery of essential services have all alteredthe face of federal politics. Federalism explains how Canadacame to be a federation (what reasons there were for it, and againstit, historically); what the challenges to federalism currently are; andhow we might fortify some areas of weakness in the federal system. Jennifer Smith argues that federalism is part of the democraticproblem now; however, reformed, it can be part of the solution. Sincetheorists disagree on the democratic credentials of federalism, it isessential to look at how a real federal system operates. Smith examinesthe origins of Canadian federalism and its special features, thenanalyzes it in relation to the benchmarks of the Canadian DemocraticAudit project: responsiveness, inclusiveness, and participation.Finding that Canadian federalism falls short on each benchmark, sherecommends changes ranging from virtual regionalism to a Council of theFederation that includes Aboriginal representatives. Democracy is about more than the House of Commons or elections. Itis also about federalism. This sparkling account of Canadian federalismis a must-read for students and scholars of Canadian politics,politicians and policymakers, and those who care about Canadiandemocracy.

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Canada is often called a pluralist state, but few commentators view Aboriginal self-government from the perspective of political pluralism. Instead, Aboriginal identity is framed in terms of cultural and national traits, while self-government is taken to represent an Aboriginal desire to protect those traits. Shifting Boundaries challenges this view, arguing that it fosters a woefully incomplete understanding of the politics of self-government.Taking the position that a relational theory of pluralism offers a more accurate interpretation, Tim Schouls contends that self-government is better understood when an “identification” perspective on Aboriginal identity is adopted instead of a “cultural” or “national” one. He shows that self-government is not about preserving cultural and national differences as goods in and of themselves, but rather is about equalizing current imbalances in power to allow Aboriginal peoples to construct their own identities.In focusing on relational pluralism, Shifting Boundaries adds an important perspective to existing theoretical approaches to Aboriginal self-government. It will appeal to academics, students, and policy analysts interested in Aboriginal governance, cultural studies, political theory, nationalism studies, and constitutional theory.

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In the mid-1910s, what historians call the "Golden Age ofChinese Capitalism" began, accompanied by a technologicaltransformation that included the drastic expansion of China’s"Gutenberg revolution." Gutenberg in Shanghaiexamines this process. It finds the origins of that revolution in thecountry’s printing industries of the late imperial period andanalyzes their subsequent development in the Republican era. This book, which relies on documents previously unavailable to bothWestern and Chinese researchers, demonstrates how Western technologyand evolving traditional values resulted in the birth of a unique formof print capitalism whose influence on Chinese culture was far-reachingand irreversible. Its conclusion contests scholarly arguments that viewChina’s technological development as slowed by culture, or thatinterpret Chinese modernity as mere cultural continuity. A vital reevaluation of Chinese modernity, Gutenberg inShanghai will be enthusiastically received by scholars of Chinesehistory and by specialists in cultural studies, political science,sociology, the history of the book, and the anthropology of science andtechnology.

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In recent years job training programs have suffered severe fundingcuts and the focus of training programs has shifted to meet thedirectives of funders rather than the needs of the community. How dothese changes to job training affect disadvantaged workers and theunemployed? In an insightful and comprehensive discussion of job education inCanada, Cohen and her contributors pool findings from a five-yearcollaborative study of training programs. Good training programs, theyargue, are essential in providing people who are chronicallydisadvantaged in the workplace with tools to acquire more secure,better-paying jobs. In the ongoing shift toward a neo-liberal economicmodel, government policies have engendered a growing reliance onprivate and market-based training schemes. These new training policieshave undermined equity. In an attempt to redress social inequities in the workplace, theauthors examine various kinds of training programs and recommendspecific policy initiatives to improve access to these programs. Thisbook will be of interest to policymakers, academics, and studentsinterested in policy, work, equity, gender and education.

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Canadian politics in the 1990s were characterized by an unwavering focus on the deficit. At the beginning of the decade, it seemed that fiscal deficits were intractable – a fait accompli of Canadian politics – yet by the end of the decade, Ottawa had taken remarkable actions to eliminate its budgetary shortfalls and had successfully eradicated its deficits. How such a radical change of political course came to pass is still not well understood.In The Long Run We’re All Dead: The Canadian Turn to Fiscal Restraint offers the first comprehensive scholarly account of this vital public policy issue. Lewis deftly analyzes the history of deficit finance from before Confederation through Canada’s postwar Keynesianism to the retrenchment of the Mulroney and Chrétien years. In doing so, he illuminates how the political conditions for Ottawa’s deficit elimination in the 1990s materialized after over 20 consecutive years in the red, and how the decline of Canadian Keynesianism has made way for the emergence of politics organized around balanced budgets.This important book provides scholars and students of Canadian politics with a new framework by which to understand the adoption of government policy, the economic and fiscal legacy of the Mulroney administrations, and the emergence of the new “politics of the surplus.” It will be of great interest to those engaged with Canadian politics, political economy, and public policy, as well as to participants in policy processes and the informed public.

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British Columbia is celebrated as Canada’s principal centre of audiovisual production. Its billion-dollar industry trails behind only California and New York, the most well-established film production sites on the continent. Prior to the mid-1970s, however, British Columbia had little in the way of film production that could properly be called an industry.This timely book recounts the story of British Columbia’s rapid rise from relative obscurity in the film world to its current status as “Hollywood North.” Mike Gasher positions the industry as a model for commercial film production in the twenty-first century – one strongly shaped by a perception of cinema as a medium, not of culture, but of regional industrial development. Addressing the specific economic and geographic factors that contribute to the province’s success, such as the low Canadian dollar and BC’s proximity to Los Angeles, Gasher also considers the broader implications of the increasingly widespread trend towards location service production on national cinema and cultural production.Hollywood North is an important book that brings into focus the tension between globalization and localization in the film industry. It will have great appeal to those with an interest in debates on Canadian national cinema, the notion of cinema as industry, and the highly nuanced relationship between cinema and place.Selected as a BC Book for Everybody.

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During the interwar era, the world of mainstream Protestant missions was in transition. The once-dominant paradigm of separate spheres – “women’s work for women” – had lost its saliency, and professional women often entered work worlds largely peopled by men. Medical missionaries Belle Choné Oliver and Florence Murray and literature specialist Margaret Wrong were three such women.Using these women’s experiences in colonial India, Korea, and sub-Saharan Africa as case studies, Modern Women Modernizing Men explores how professionalism, religion, and feminism came together to enable missionary women to become the colleagues and mentors of Western and non-Western men. The “modern” Christian woman missionary, the author demonstrates, was in fact more an agent of modernization than an angel of domesticity.This book – a bold exploration of changing gender, professional, and race relations in colonial missionary settings – will be of interest to scholars engaged in gender, women’s, and postcolonial studies, as well as to readers interested in the history of the international missionary movement.

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Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a major environmental challenge facing the world. We all want to reduce the risks of global warming, but how much will this cost? What will it mean on a personal, business, or community level? And what policy responses should we expect from our governments?The Cost of Climate Policy sheds light on these pressing issues. The authors look at the challenges of estimating the costs of greenhouse gas emission reduction to help readers understand how different definitions of costs and different assumptions about technological and economic evolution affect the estimates that are so hotly debated today. Using Canada as their focal point, the authors look specifically at the impact of emission reduction policies on energy prices, technology options, and lifestyle choices.The book concludes with concrete proposals for overcoming the constraints of environmental policy making and the high initial costs of action. Policy makers need to know as much as possible about the costs of taking action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As indispensable as this book will be to policy analysts, it is also an important primer for a wider range of readers interested in the economic implications of climate change.

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Often touted as the humane and politically progressive alternative to the rigid philosophy of retributive punishment that underpins many of the world’s judicial systems, restorative justice aspires to a theoretical and practical reconciliation of the values of love and compassion with justice and accountability. Emotionally seductive, the rhetoric of restorative justice appeals to a desire for a “right relation” amongst individuals and communities, and offers us a vision of justice that allows for the mutual healing of victim and victimizer, and with it, a sense of communal repair.In Compulsory Compassion, Annalise Acorn, a one-time advocate for restorative justice, deconstructs the rhetoric of the restorative movement. Drawing from diverse legal, literary, philosophical, and autobiographical sources, she questions the fundamental assumptions behind that rhetoric: that we can trust wrongdoers’ capacity for meaningful accountability and respectful community, and that we can, in good conscience, deploy the idea that healing lies in (re)encounter to seduce victims to participate in restorative processes.Essential reading for anyone with an interest in restorative justice, Compulsory Compassion should also be read by scholars and students of criminal justice and legal theory.

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The essence of democracy is the peaceful and legitimate transfer of government. In 1995 in Ontario, the omens for a successful transition weren’t promising. Almost no one had expected Mike Harris’s Common Sense Revolution to catapult his Progressive Conservatives from third-party obscurity to victory in the June election. The Harris manifesto declared its intention to dismantle almost every policy of the defeated NDP administration of Bob Rae. Weeks of confrontation and confusion seemed inevitable. Yet, as Cameron and White compellingly describe, the transition was a surprising success, involving necessary co-operation between political mortal enemies. Cycling into Saigon has important lessons for everyone involved or interested in this key stage of the electoral process, wherever it takes place.

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What is democracy? Is it the movement toward united self-government in which equality is our highest value? Or is it about preserving the freedom of individuals? In Democracy: A History of Ideas, Boris DeWiel argues that neither of these popular definitions is correct. Inspired by Isaiah Berlin, he describes democracy as a contest of values. Equality and liberty, like justice and fairness, are among our ultimate ideals, but no single value is supreme. Because they conflict with each other, democracy is an endless battle of true yet contrary ideals.The enduring structure of democratic conflict, the book argues, is rooted in the historical emergence of modern values. The approach is based on the simple premise that every new idea begins from an old one. Therefore, our own political ideas may be traced in stages to earlier beliefs about the good. By exploring the history of ideas, the book uncovers the deeply embedded pattern of ideological conflicts in politics today.The book suggests that wherever democracy arises, a pattern of conflict will emerge among socialist, liberal, and conservative ideas. Based on a sophisticated theory of politics, DeWiel’s analysis promotes a better understanding of the major ideologies across democratic nations. By specifying the precise values embedded along the left-right continuum, the book concludes with an improved model of ideological differences for use in empirical and theoretical studies.

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The federal Department of Justice was established by John A. Macdonald as part of the Conservative party's program for reform of the parliamentary system following Confederation. Among other things, it was charged with establishing national institutions such as the Supreme Court and the North West Mounted Police and with centralizing the penitentiary system. In the process, the department took on a position of primary importance in post-Confederation politics. This was particularly so up to 1878, when Confederation was "completed."Jonathan Swainger considers the growth and development of the ostensibly apolitical Department of Justice in the eleven years after the union of 1867. Drawing on legal records and other archival documents, he details the complex interactions between law and politics, exploring how expectations both inside and outside the legal system created an environment in which the department acted as an advisor to the government. He concludes by considering the post-1878 legacy of the department's approach to governance, wherein any problem, legal or otherwise, was made amenable to politicized solutions. Unfortunately for the department and the federal government, this left them ill-prepared for the constitutional battles to come.One crucial task was to establish responsibilities within the federal government, rather than just duplicate offices which had existed prior to union. Others were the establishment of national or quasi- national institutions such as the Supreme Court (1875) and the North-West Mounted Police (1873), the redrafting of the Governor-General's instructions (which was done between 1875 and 1877), and centralization of the penitentiary system (completed by 1875).The Department benefited from a deeply rooted expectation that law was both apolitical and necessary. This ideology functioned in a variety of ways: it gave the Department considerable latitude for setting policy and solving problems, but rationalized the appearance of politicized legal decisions. It also legitimized Department officials' claim that it was especially suited to review all legislation, advise on the royal prerogative of mercy, administer national penitentiaries, and appoint judges to the bench. Ultimately, the fictional notion of law as apolitical and necessary placed the Department of Justice squarely in the midst of the completion of Confederation.The Canadian Department of Justice and the Completion of Confederation will be of particular interest to students and scholars of Canadian legal and political history.

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Why do we claim to value sustainability while acting in anunsustainable fashion? How can we reduce our consumption drasticallyand move toward a sustainable social system when our society isspecifically based on consumption? These two linked questions are atthe heart of this important book, the result of a four-yearinterdisciplinary study of British Columbia's Lower FraserBasin. Taking the slogan "think globally, act locally" to heart,the contributors to Fatal Consumption are theoretical as wellas practical. They conceptualize the policy analysis they provide,while also proposing useful tools for those charged with makingdecisions. Though specific in focus, the analysis in FatalConsumption can be generalized to most North American urban areas.It offers both an understanding of the present and hope for asustainable future, counterbalancing a discussion of the opportunitiesfor change with a frank examination of the barriers to such change. Fatal Consumption will appeal to urban planners, to policymakers, and to scholars and others interested in the relationshipbetween health and a sustainable society.

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This study of foresters and forestry in Nova Scotia presentsprofiles of seven forestry professionals, whose careers run from the1920s to the present. Including figures from the interwar, postwar, andcontemporary periods, the sample reflects issues and experiences inindustrial, government, and civil-sector forestry. It points to a richtradition of alternative and dissenting practices that is intertwinedwith the professional and political orthodoxies of the day. Too often, the ideas and practices of professional foresters havebeen viewed as monolithic. This book argues that forestry is a morediverse and complex activity than has been generally recognized. Italso underlines the political character of the profession. Differencelies at the root of politics, and Nova Scotia forestry has beenpunctuated by fundamental debates on matters of science, policy, andmanagement. In different ways, the subjects of this volume all have run"against the grain," raising challenges in pursuit of newforestry practice. Many of their challenges have failed, in the face ofa determined consensus. Nonetheless, the plurality of views andexperiences they reveal are an apt reflection of the inherentlypolitical character of modern forestry and of the need to push beyondappearance to find the foundations of both orthodoxy and dissent. Against the Grain speaks to the concerns of foresters,social scientists and resource managers in a variety of fields.Sandberg and Clancy draw upon archival materials, public records, andpersonal interviews with the subjects to set their seven protagonistsin a wider historical context. The profiles and the conclusions thatfollow from them have relevance well beyond the province of NovaScotia, giving deeper perspective to the public and environmentalchallenges that have engulfed contemporary forestry.

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The growing popularity of the broad, landscape-scale approach to forest management represents a dramatic shift from the traditional, stand-based focus on timber production. Ecology of a Managed Terrestrial Landscape responds to the increasing need of forest policy developers, planners, and managers for an integrated, comprehensive perspective on ecological landscapes.The book examines the “big picture” of ecological patterns and processes through a case study of the vast managed forest region in Ontario. The contributors synthesize current landscape ecological knowledge of this area and look at gaps and future research directions from several points of view: spatial patterns, ecological functions and processes, natural disturbances, and ecological responses to disturbance. They also discuss the integration of landscape ecological knowledge into policies of forest management policies, particularly with respect to Ontario's legislative goals of forest sustainability.Ecology of a Managed Terrestrial Landscape is the first book to describe the landscape ecology of a continuously forested landscape in a comprehensive manner. It is written for instructors and students in forest management, wildlife ecology, and landscape ecology, and for forest managers, planners, and policy developers in North America.

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The Frontier World of Edgar Dewdney is a biographical study of a man who played a key role in the cataclysmic events which marked the political, social, and economic transformation of western Canada in the latter half of the nineteenth century. An immigrant adventurer seeking his fortune in the colonies, Dewdney was embroiled in the gold rushes of the 1860s, the B.C. debates on Confederation, the Riel Rebellion of 1885, political evolution in the North-West Territories, and the Klondike gold rush.For several years Dewdney held important public offices, such as Indian commissioner of the North-West Territories and Minister of the Interior, positions which allowed him to shape the course of events. In many ways, Dewdney's career is a metaphor for the maturing western frontier. In following his exploits, we follow the story of a region experiencing breathtaking change. Brian Titley's purpose in this book is not to praise, but to offer a critical appraisal of Dewdney as a type -- a representative of that class of adventurer who saw in the new land an unprecedented opportunity for self-aggrandisement.

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Once Upon an Oldman is an account of the controversy that surrounded the Alberta government's construction of a dam on the Oldman River to provide water for irrigation in the southern part of the province. Jack Glenn argues that, despite claims to the contrary, the governments of Canada and Alberta are not dedicated to protecting the environment and will even circumvent the law in order to avoid accepting responsibility for safeguarding the environment and the interests of Native people.Glenn describes the geography and history of the Oldman River basin, the institutional arrangements behind the dam project, and the ongoing controversy as it has unfolded since 1976. He then takes a close look at the disparate groups involved in the controversy: the governments of Alberta and Canada and their agencies, the Southern Alberta Water Management Committee, the Friends of the Oldman River Society, and the Peigan Indian Band. Considering these in the context of major issues raised by the project, he discusses water management and irrigation, environmental impacts, and implications for the culture and beliefs of the Peigan, including their claim to a share of the flow of the river.In Once Upon an Oldman, Glenn has pulled together information from a wide range of sources: the media, correspondence of politicians and public servants, reports from government agencies, environmental groups, and the Peigan Indians, court decisions, and interviews. What emerges is a disturbing and fascinating tale of confrontation, pitting governments against environmentalists and Native people, that convincingly demonstrates that resorting to the courts is an ineffective way to protect both the environment and those who have lived here since before the arrival of Europeans.

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During the past fifty years, Canadians have seen many of their white-water rivers dammed or diverted to generate electricity primarily for industry and export. The rush to build dams increased utility debts, produced adverse consequences for the environment and local communities, and ultimately resulted in the layoff of 25,000 employees. White Gold looks at what went wrong with hydro development, with the predicted industrial transformation, with the timing and magnitude of projects, and with national and regional initiatives to link these major projects to a trans-Canada power grid.Karl Froschauer examines five major hydroelectric projects -- Niagara Falls (Ontario), Churchill Falls (Labrador), James Bay (Quebec), the Nelson River (Manitoba), and the Peace River (British Columbia) -- applying a political economic perspective that unifies his analysis of patterns of hydro development in Canada. He points out that in the 1960s and 70s federal and interprovincial conflicts over transmission line ownership, hydro plant investments, extra-provincial authority, and export agendas undermined several national and regional power grid initiatives. He then argues that if the provinces had chosen to integrate their power project within a national electricity network, substantial technical, economic, and environmental advantages could have resulted. Instead of providing the infrastructure for a national power grid and serving as a force for indigenous secondary industry, the provincial expansions of Canada's hydro resources have merely fostered continued dependence on branch-plant industrial development and staples export and have created vast surpluses of electricity for continental, rather than national, use.Meticulously researched and documented, White Gold is the first comprehensive study of hydroelectric power development in Canada. Its useful analytical framework and provincial comparisons illuminate and critique the path of development over the last century and offer lessons for the future.

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Painting the Maple explores the critical interplay of raceand gender in shaping Canadian culture, history, politics and healthcare. These interdisciplinary essays draw on feminist, postcolonial,and critical theory in a wide-ranging discussion that encompasses bothhigh and popular forms of culture, the deliberation of policy and itsexecution, and social movements as well as individual authors andtexts. The contributors, who come from many fields, establish connectionsamong discourses of race, gender, and nation-building that haveconditioned the formation of Canada for more than one hundred years.They analyze ways in which these elements have participated in andcontributed to exclusionary practices and policies, such asmarginalization of women and racialized groups. Together, their essayspaint a picture of a nation that privileges whiteness, masculinity, andChristianity. This book gathers many insights on the construction of Canada,hitherto scattered in the literature. It will be of interest tofeminist scholars and others concerned with issues of race and gender.At times provocative, Painting the Maple illuminates thechallenges that lie ahead for all Canadians who aspire to create abetter future in a reimagined nation.

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This is a history of domestic space in Canada. Peter Ward looks at how spaces in the Canadian home have changed over the last three centuries, and how family and social relationships have shaped – and been shaped by – these changing spaces. A fundamental element of daily life for individuals and families is domestic privacy, that of individuals and that of the family or household.There are also two facets of privacy – privacy from and privacy to. Personal privacy sets the individual apart from the group, creating opportunities for seclusion. Family privacy draws boundaries between the household and the community, defending the solidarity of the home and providing a basis for family relationships. In both ways, privacy is intimately involved with the history of the house.Over time, the changing size, shape, and location of the home have created widely different opportunities for family and personal privacy. Together with major shifts in household composition, family size, and domestic technology, they have gradually altered the conditions of everyday domestic life.But the pattern of change has been far from uniform, for the nature, meaning, and experience of privacy in Canadian have varied widely over the past 300 years. This book explores some of those experiences and meanings, reflecting on their impllications for family and social life historically as well as in the recent past.

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Is it possible to sustain biological diversity in managed forests? Or should biodiversity strategies focus solely on reserves and protected areas? A group of well-known scientists specializing in forestry issues apply scientific expertise to the “hot politics” of the forestry debate and present compelling evidence as to the sustainability of biological diversity in managed forests.Seventeen major questions facing policy-makers, managers, and researchers are posed in this book. These questions are grouped under three major headings: Where are we going? How do we get there? How will we know when we are there? The first three chapters set the stage and provide context. Fred Bunnell reviews the changing values desired from forests and changing rhythms within a forest – the living dance. He and Ann Chan-McLeod then describe issues of managed forests that complicate efforts to sustain biological diversity. Jagmohan S. Maini provides an overview of policy issues confronting governments. The next five chapters treat these questions and management actions at different levels of biological organization. They begin with genetics (Gene Namkoong) and populations (Gray Merriam), proceed through communities (Daniel Simberloff) and landscapes (J. Stan Rowe), closing with a more general treatment of scale (Reed F. Noss). The final chapter integrates the treatments of different scales of organization by returning to the original 17 questions and providing answers based on current knowledge.Policy and Practices for Biodiversity in Managed Forests addresses the major problems facing policy-makers and managers in sustaining biological diversity in managed forests. It is important because it links the scientific knowledge about biodiversity to the management of biodiversity, bridging the gap between scientists and decision-makers. The unique, focused approach of this book makes it useful for students, resource practitioners, and policy-makers.

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Relations between Canada and Quebec have never been easy. Beginning with the Conquest and working through the many political permutations before Confederation and since, there has always been conflict between the two governments and, in particular, between two points of view. The rebellions of 1837-8, conscription, the Quiet Revolution, language laws, the FLQ crisis and endless constitutional wrangles such as Meech Lake are just a sampling of the issues that have divided the nation. The cast of characters has been fascinating, too: Pierre Trudeau, Brian Mulroney, Robert Bourassa, and Rene Levesque have all played centre stage. In the wake of a razor-thin majority for federalist forces in the referendum of 1995, the issue of separation continues to be complicated by the division of the huge national debt, the possibility of further territorial partition within a separate Quebec, the rights of First Nations people, and the spectre of separatist movements in Eastern Europe in recent years. Through interviews with a wide variety of politicians, journalists, and academics, Robert Bothwell skilfully weaves together a coherent account of the relationship between Canada and Quebec. We hear from Jean Chretien, Sharon Carstairs and Ovide Mercredi; Lise Bissonnette and Graham Fraser; Michael Bliss and Ramsay Cook; and many more. The text is an absorbing collage of personal accounts and considered opinions, one that acquaints us with the many different facets of this complicated yet crucial question: how did Canada and Quebec get to this impasse, and where do we go from here?

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Canadian women have worked, individually and collectively, at homeand abroad, as creators of historical memory. This engaging collectionof essays seeks to create an awareness of the contributions made bywomen to history and the historical profession from 1870 to 1970 inEnglish Canada. Creating Historical Memory explores the widerange of careers that women have forged for themselves as writers andpreservers of history within, outside, and on the margins of theacademy. The authors suggest some of the institutional and intellectuallocations from which English Canadian women have worked as historiansand attempt to problematize in different ways and to varying degrees,the relationship between women and historical practice. The authors raise many interesting questions about how genderinfluences historical consciousness and whether looking at the pastthrough women’s eyes alters the view. Women engaged in history ina wide variety of ways -- as authors of fiction, popular history,juvenilia, and drama -- as well as more academic research andpublishing. They worked as individuals, as both professional writersand academics, and within formal and informal communities of women suchas religious groups or local clubs. The essays also talk about thebarriers that existed for women who wanted to be recognized ashistorians and teachers of history and point out how gender differenceshave coloured perceptions of what constitutes history and who shouldwrite that history. This anthology shows how, instead of beingintimidated or defeated by their marginalization, women developed newand interesting ideas about what constituted history. The final essay in the volume assesses the impact the burgeoning offeminist history in the 1970s had on the academy and examines theconnection between feminist activism and women’s history. Thisoriginal and lively book highlights the pioneering efforts of women indeveloping alternate paths to historical expression. It makes animportant contribution both to Canadian historical studies and towomen’s and gender history in the West and will appeal toscholars interested in Canadian history, women’s studies,literature, and historiography.

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This bibliography cites those Canadian and foreign reference sourcesthat describe Canadian people, institutions, organizations,publications, art, literature, languages, and history. It lists booksof a general nature as well as works in the disciplines of history andthe humanities. These large divisions are then broken down by subject,genre, type of document, and province or territory. Titles of national,provincial/territorial, or regional interest are included in everysubject area when available. The contents of the book are indexed fourways: by name, title, French subject, and English subject. And tofacilitate browsing, the major reference books (those dealing with morethan one subject or a large geographical region) are alsocross-referenced. Two entries have been created for each bilingual document in orderto provide access and bibliographical descriptions in both ofCanada's official languages. Entries for unilingual works include acitation in the language of the publication and a bilingual annotation.The annotations are descriptive and provide information on the content,arrangements, and indexing of works; the availability of non-printformats; previous editions and title changes; and related works. Canadian Reference Sources will be an invaluable referencetool for future scholars and researchers.

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Within Canada the renewed importance of environmental issues in recent years has given rise to legislative and regulatory initiatives by both the federal and provincial governments which, in turn, has led to increased intergovernmental conflict. Recent jurisdictional disputes over the Quebec government's James Bay hydro development, the Al-Pac pulp mill and Oldman River dam in Alberta and the Rafferty-Alameda dam in Saskatchewan, to name but a few, have led to increasingly important debate on the appropriate balance of federal and provincial roles in environmental policy.Passing the Buck is the first in-depth study of the impact of federalism on Canadian environmental policy. The book takes a detailed look at the ongoing debate on the subject and traces the evolution of the role of the federal government in environmental policy and federal-provincial relations concerning the environment from the late 1960s to the early 1990s. The author challenges the widespread assumption that federal and provincial governments invariably compete to extend their jurisdiction. Using well-researched case studies and extensive research to support her argument, the author points out that the combination of limited public attention to the environment and strong opposition from potentially regulated interests yields significant political costs and limited political benefits. As a result, for the most part, the federal government has been content to leave environmental protection to the provinces. In effect, the federal system has allowed the federal government to pass the buck to the provinces and shirk the political challenge of environmental protection.Of particular importance to those in environmental studies, policy planning, political science, and law, Passing the Buck makes an original contribution to the literature of Canadian federalism and environmental policy. It is timely both in light of growing awareness of environmental challenges facing Canada and its examination of how we, and other countries around the world, adapt and rearrange our political systems to cope with large-scale ecological change.

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Since the late nineteenth century, the rate of intermarriage betweenmembers of different European ethnic and cultural groups in Canada hasincreased and resulted in a gradual blending of these communities. Thisbook, the first detailed comparative study of ethno-religiousintermarriage, provides the background for understanding the dynamicsof intermarriage in a culturally pluralistic society like Canada. Using, for the first time, data from the 1871 Census of Canada inconjunction with data from the 1971 Census, Madeline Richard delineatesthe general patterns of ethnic intermarriage in 1871 and 1971 andspecifically considers the trends for the English, Irish, Scotch,French, and Germans. Choosing a number of characteristics, such aslevel of literacy, nativity, age, and place of residence, for thehusbands, the author determines the odds for their marrying outsidetheir communities. She also examines the socio-demographiccharacteristics, such as group size, sex ratio, per cent urban, andlevel of literacy of each group to determine the marriage patterns ofthe husbands. Richard's findings confirm that marital assimilation wasoccurring to some extent as early as 1871 and that the rate ofintermarriage has doubled since then. Of particular interest are themajor shifts exhibited by Irish, Scottish, and German husbands, who in1871 overwhelmingly married within their community, while in 1971 theytypically found their mates outside. This book is not only about marital patterns; it is also about theethnic groups themselves. It gives detailed descriptions of theEnglish, Irish, Scottish, French, German, Italian, Dutch, Polish,Scandinavian, Ukrainian, and other groups -- their immigration history,settlement patterns, and socio-demographic characteristics as these allhave some bearing on patterns of mate selection.

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