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This collection continues the study of ancient Judaism.

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The Hebrew Bible was written by authors who had a very modern idea of basic biology and a deep insight into the functioning of fragile ecosystems. They had a well-founded concept of how nature should be treated so that it would not be degraded but preserved and handed over intact to the next generation. To achieve this goal the sages did not rely on a general feeling of benevolence towards nature but came up with a cogent system of laws which precisely directed their way of handling natural resources. The main goals of these ecological commandments of the Torah were to avoid overuse of the land and to maintain a high diversity of species. This program enabled the Israelites to establish a highly productive sustained agriculture under the rather adverse conditions of a 'land of milk and honey.'

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This anthology exemplifies the wide variety of definitions of 'class' employed by biblical scholars today, with analyses seeking either to reconstruct the stratification of ancient Israel or to uncover the class interests embedded in the biblical text.

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This work examines Judaic traditions evident in the Parable of the Wicked Tenants (Mark 12:1-9) and the depiction of Jesus in Gethsemane (Mark 14:32-42.) In the first instance, the author of Mark found a resource for his parable in Isaiah 5 and Exodus 15:1-18, while in the second instance, the portrayal of Jesus is linked to Moses' struggle with death at the end of his life, as well as motifs and expressions used for the high priest on the evening and Day of Atonement. An appendix to the volume compares Paul's calling and re-commissioning in 2 Corinthians 12:1-10 with the description of Moses' calling and death scene. This is the author's fourth book on the Judaic sources of New Testament texts.

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To discover more Jewish Studies titles from Rowman & Littlefield, please browse our subject category page.

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To find more information about Rowman and Littlefield titles, please visit www.rowmanlittlefield.com.

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These are the acts of an international symposium on 'Armenia and the Bible: Culture, Tradition, and Text - Die Bibel in der armenischen Kultur', that was held at Heidelberg from July 16th to 19th, 1990. The symposium was designed to discuss the Armenian Bible, in all available forms and from all possible angles, as an important factor of Armenian culture: ancient, medieval and modern. Fresh impetus was expected in the fields that have been relatively well researched, such as the language of the Armenian Bible, its text and transmission, biblical codicology and illustrations, the Wirkungsgeschichte of the Bible in Armenian through commentaries, sermons, and liturgy, its function as a foundation for dogmatics and ecclesiastical law and order. New efforts were hoped for in areas that are less studied or neglected such as the use of the Bible in Armenian art apart from book illustrations (but including epigraphy), its influence on education both at home and in school, its role in popular religion and private life, or the impact of its language on the Armenian language generally. Special attention was to be paid to what happened to the Bible in modern times, particularly since the emergence of secular Armenian culture in the 19th and 20th centuries.

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