Search results for ""author food and agriculture organization""

This book helps track developments in natural resources legislation from the perspective of international sustainable development principles. It seeks to reflect up-to-date trends and thinking in natural resources governance, enhance the knowledge base in this field, and offer general guidance to countries in the regulation of their natural resources.Influenced by international trends, as well as in response to population, climate, resource and development needs, the standards, norms, mechanisms and incentives in natural resources law at the national level have evolved in recent years. Natural resources laws are influenced by developments in the international arena, either through international treaties that are binding or through "soft law".This publication encompasses a broad range of natural resource sectors, including water, land, forestry, fisheries, mining, petroleum and agriculture, and provides an overarching holistic perspective that is supportive of a systems-thinking approach. The approaches offered embrace the pillars of sustainable development, i.e. approaches that recognize and are informed by economic, social and environmental considerations and impacts.

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This report provides an overview of climate change mitigation and adaptation priorities in the agriculture and land use sectors of countries in the Pacific, as set forth in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It also identifies opportunities for governments to strengthen their sectoral mitigation and adaptation ambitions, capture synergies and accelerate progress on the sustainable development agenda. While the Pacific region contributes in general less than 0.04 percent to global greenhouse gas (GHG) net emissions, and is disproportionately impacted by climate change and variability, all the countries of the region have committed to mitigation in their NDCs. With the exception of Nauru, Samoa and Tonga, all countries - representing 99.8 percent of economy-wide net emissions in the region - have set a general GHG target. However, without implementation of the NDCs, total net emissions in 2030 are expected to increase by around 150 percent compared to those reported in 2015.The analysis provided in this report captures the strong commitment of the countries in the region to take action under the Paris Agreement, and the significant risks that climate change poses for their agriculture and food security. Their NDCs highlight that risks from drought, flood, water stress and coastal erosion are of paramount concern. Agro-ecosystems supporting the production of crops, marine fisheries, and forestry production in the region are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.

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The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture is FAO's first flagship publication on the global status of land and water resources. It is an 'advocacy' report, to be published every three to five years, and targeted at senior level decision makers in agriculture as well as in other sectors. SOLAW is aimed at sensitizing its target audience on the status of land resources at global and regional levels and FAO's viewpoint on appropriate recommendations for policy formulation. SOLAW focuses on these key dimensions of analysis: (i) quantity, quality of land and water resources, (ii) the rate of use and sustainable management of these resources in the context of relevant socio-economic driving factors and concerns, including food security and poverty, and climate change. This is the first time that a global, baseline status report on land and water resources has been made. It is based on several global spatial databases (e.g. land suitability for agriculture, land use and management, land and water degradation and depletion) for which FAO is the world-recognized data source. Topical and emerging issues on land and water are dealt with in an integrated rather than sectoral manner. The implications of the status and trends are used to advocate remedial interventions which are tailored to major farming systems within different geographic regions.

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This manual explains how to diagnose and respond to a case or outbreak of African swine fever (ASF). It includes general information on the disease and its causes, including epidemiology, transmission pathways and geographic distribution. It presents the different phases chronologically, from detection and diagnosis (clinical signs, postmortem findings and differential diagnosis) to laboratory confirmation (main techniques for detecting both virus and antibodies).African swine fever is a contagious viral disease that affects pigs of all ages, inducing a haemorrhagic fever. It is most often recognized in the acute form with an associated lethality of up to 100 percent, and is a severe threat to pig production systems. Not only does it threaten food security and challenge the livelihoods of pig producers and other actors in the supply chain, but it can have major consequences on international trade.Since there is currently no effective vaccine or treatment, the manual suggests that the best strategy for countries/zones that are still free of the disease is to prevent entry of the virus through improved border control, awareness-raising and better biosecurity. Infected countries will also need to be able to implement quick outbreak controls though movement restrictions and stamping-out policies.

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Combining information collected by the European Price Report with other market survey data collected by FAO GLOBEFISH, this report provides an update on market trends for a variety of major fish commodities, including tuna, groundfish and small pelagics.

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This year's edition provides new estimates of the percentage of the world's food lost from production up to the retail level. It suggests that identifying and understanding critical loss points in specific supply chains – where considerable potential exists for reducing food losses – is crucial to deciding on appropriate measures. It also provides some guiding principles for interventions based on the objectives being pursued through food loss and waste reductions, be they in improved economic efficiency, food security and nutrition, or environmental sustainability.

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Action contre la désertification est un projet qui soutient huit pays - Burkina Faso, Ethiopie, îles Fidji, Gambie, Haïti, Niger, Nigéria et Sénégal - dans la gestion durable et la restauration des terres dégradées. Le projet promeut une approche de restauration communautaire des terres tout au long de la filière (en partant de la graine à semer, jusqu'au produit final) pour plusieurs produits forestiers non-ligneux ayant une importance économique. Certains de ces produits sont d'une importance particulière car leurs chaînes de valeur présentent un potentiel de développment dans toute la zone de l'Initiative de la Grande Muraille Verte pour le Sahara et le Sahel. Cette publication donne un aperçu de ces produits clés - la gomme arabique, le miel, le fourrage, l'huile de Balanites, et les semences et les plants utilisées pour la restauration des terres - et décrit le rôle du projet dans leur promotion tout au long de la chaîne de valeur, depuis la restauration des terres jusqu'à la récolte, la transformation et la commercialisation.

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Este documento ayuda a los gobiernos a desarrollar, adaptar o implementar medidas legislativas, administrativas o políticas sobre el acceso y distribución de beneficios (ADB) para que tengan en cuenta la importancia de los recursos genéticos para la alimentación y la agricultura (RGAA), la función especial que desempeñan para la seguridad alimentaria y las características distintivas de los diferentes subsectores de RGAA, al mismo tiempo que cumplen con los instrumentos internacionales de ADB, según proceda.El Protocolo de Nagoya sobre Acceso a los Recursos Genéticos y Participación Justa y Equitativa de los Beneficios que se deriven de su Utilización en el Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica ha sido aclamado como un gran paso hacia la implementación del tercer objetivo del Convenio: la distribución justa y equitativa de los beneficios derivados de la utilización de los recursos genéticos. La implementación de este tercer objetivo tiene como objetivo contribuir a la conservación de la diversidad biológica, así como al uso sostenible de sus componentes, que constituyen los otros dos objetivos del Convenio.

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This year's edition provides new estimates of the percentage of the world's food lost from production up to the retail level. It suggests that identifying and understanding critical loss points in specific supply chains – where considerable potential exists for reducing food losses – is crucial to deciding on appropriate measures. It also provides some guiding principles for interventions based on the objectives being pursued through food loss and waste reductions, be they in improved economic efficiency, food security and nutrition, or environmental sustainability.

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Aquaculture is developing, expanding and intensifying in almost all regions of the world, except in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the sector appears to be capable of meeting the gap between future demand and supply for aquatic food, there are many constraints and challenges which must be addressed in order to at least maintain the present level of per capita consumption at the global level. Key issues are the need for enhanced enforcement of regulation and better governance of the sector, as well as greater producer participation in the decision-making and regulation process. This publication examines past trends in aquaculture development as well as the current global status, drawing on a number of national and regional reviews.

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This year's edition provides new estimates of the percentage of the world's food lost from production up to the retail level. It suggests that identifying and understanding critical loss points in specific supply chains – where considerable potential exists for reducing food losses – is crucial to deciding on appropriate measures. It also provides some guiding principles for interventions based on the objectives being pursued through food loss and waste reductions, be they in improved economic efficiency, food security and nutrition, or environmental sustainability.

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This publication presents a methodology aimed at supporting the planning and implementation of regional demersal (bottom and beam) trawl and pelagic acoustic surveys. It can be useful for the implementation of new surveys-at-sea in areas where demersal trawl and pelagic acoustic surveys are not regularly carried out. In the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, the assessment of pelagic stocks is essentially based on acoustic surveys using acoustic techniques with mid-water trawling. These routine surveys-at-sea provide essential information, which are crucial to fine-tune the assessments of the status of resources. However, survey practices differ from one subregion to another, resulting in a lack of large-scale standardized surveys. According to the report, the methodology presented can tackle this issue by increasing comparability between existing surveys thanks to the standardization of methods, sampling of catches and data recording and analysis. Finally, it represents a valuable tool to define minimum requirements towards sustainability and management objectives at the regional and subregional level.

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In 2012, the percentage of European aquaculture production (of world total production) was 4.32 percent (2,880,641 tonnes) and the European Union (28 member organisations) contribution to world production was 1.89 percent (1,259,971 tonnes) (FAO, 2014). The European Union (EU) is the third largest seafood producer (aquaculture and fisheries) in the world and Europe is also the biggest importer of seafood products. Norway's aquaculture sector contributed 46 percent of total European aquaculture production (FAO, 2014). Aquaculture is politically recognised as having the potential to boost growth and jobs in EU coastal and inland areas with several key European policies highlighting aquaculture as being a key component in achieving economic growth and competitiveness on a global level e.g. the overall Blue Growth strategy, the reformed Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), sea basin strategies (i.e. Baltic Sea Region Strategy) etc. At the same time, as an example of the significant challenges to the growth of the sector, in the EU, there are currently over 200 directives, regulations, or other legislation that directly affect marine environmental policy and management (Boyes & Elliott, 2014) and many European national states lack a coherent national aquaculture policy. The CFP reform envisioned the development and promotion of EU aquaculture through the so-called 'open method of coordination' based on strategic guidelines, multiannual national plans prepared by the Member States and exchange of best practices. In 2013, the European Commission (EC) published the Strategic Guidelines for the Sustainable Development of EU Aquaculture (European Commission, 2013b) to assist EU Member States in defining their own national targets taking account of their relative starting positions, national circumstances and institutional arrangements.

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This technical paper emphasizes the opportunity that REDD+ and the global climate agenda represents for countries to engage more actively in securing land and resource rights for indigenous peoples and local communities. At the same time, it stresses how collective tenure rights represent a key element to achieve long-lasting and successful results for REDD+, contributing to addressing global climate change

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This paper assists African countries and Regional Economic Communities (RECs) in improving the integration of the fisheries and aquaculture sector into policy documents dealing with poverty eradication, foreign currency generation, food security, the ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture, and gender mainstreaming. For this purpose, the paper assesses whether the sector is adequately embedded in policy documents in Africa at both the country and regional level. The analysis addressed 54 African countries and 8 RECs. As a policy assessment tool, the multi-criteria analysis has been applied to compare two options – "relevance" and "inclusion" – across several performance dimensions. Based on the assessments performed, the extent of "integration" and "discrepancy" of the fisheries and aquaculture sector in policy documents has been calculated.The findings showed countries where the relevance of fisheries and aquaculture is not recognized, and where advocacy should be oriented towards raising awareness of the contribution of this sector. On the other hand, there are countries with a modest fisheries and aquaculture sector that have nevertheless implemented policies and reached high levels of inclusion. Recommendations both at country and REC level include improving the availability of information on the sector's value chain to enhance visibility and awareness of its importance.

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This report reviews the causes of veterinary drug carryover in animal feed and the transfer from feed to food, as well as known risks to human health and international trade, and suggests appropriate risk management strategies. The report is the result of an FAO/WHO Expert Meeting organized at the request of the Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods. Carryover of veterinary drugs in feed can occur during feed processing, handling, transportation and delivery, as well as when feeding animals on-farm. It can cause adverse health effects both in animals and/or in humans consuming food originating from these animals. The publication recommends increasing awareness by providing easily accessible information about possible implications for carryover from the use of authorized veterinary drugs, notably as part of a structured training programme for all competent authorities, professionals and workers. It also calls for monitoring and control of raw feed ingredients that could be implicated in the transfer of veterinary drugs from feed to food.

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La Insignia de los Bosques está diseñada para ayudar a educar a los niños y jóvenes sobre el papel crucial que juegan los bosques para la vida en nuestro planeta. Explica cómo los bosques proporcionan servicios esenciales del ecosistema, como aire limpio, agua y mitigación del cambio climático. También describe varios recursos forestales y explica cómo millones de personas en todo el mundo dependen de los bosques para su sustento. La Serie YUNGA ‘Aprender y actuar’– Insignias, desarrolladas en colaboración con otras agencias de las Naciones Unidas, consisten en libros cortos que tienen como objetivo sensibilizar a los jóvenes sobre temas de actualidad y alentarlos a convertirse en agentes activos de cambio en sus comunidades locales.

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Ce cadre d'évaluation peut servir de base pour comprendre l’impact au niveau national de la foresterie participative (FP) sur les forêts et les moyens d’existence locaux (par exemple, l’amélioration de la gouvernance forestière, la conservation participative, la gestion conjointe des forêts). Il présente également des indicateurs pouvant être utilisés dans différents pays, et met l’accent sur les initiatives formelles de la FP reconnues par le droit positif.L'étude rapporte qu'il y a eu une augmentation substantielle, au cours des vingt dernières années, des superficies forestières régies selon différentes formes de gestion par les populations locales. Le transfert de pouvoirs afférant aux populations locales intrinsèquement associées à ces régimes implique une variété de combinaisons de droits des utilisateurs, de responsabilités et de prises de décisions. Toutefois, il n'y a pas eu d'évaluation systématique de l'étendue et de l'efficacité des divers types de régimes de FP dans le monde.Le rapport conclut qu'une FP performante peut restaurer rapidement les forêts en termes écologiques et intensifier la gestion durable des forêts au niveau national, tout en améliorant les moyens d’existence de milliards de personnes parmi les plus marginalisées au monde. Ce faisant, la FP peut potentiellement contribuer de manière significative à une série d'Objectifs de développement durable, notamment l'ODD 15 visant à soutenir la gestion durable des ressources naturelles, et l'ODD 1 visant à réduire la pauvreté.

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La Insignia de la Nutrición está diseñada para ayudar a los niños y jóvenes a aprender sobre la importancia de una dieta equilibrada y variada para garantizar que se satisfagan todas las necesidades nutricionales del cuerpo para una vida feliz y saludable.Este folleto incluye información sobre cómo elegir alimentos saludables, tomando en cuenta la importancia de la inocuidad de los alimentos, y brinda orientación sobre cómo adoptar una dieta sostenible para reducir los impactos en nuestro medio ambiente.La serie YUNGA ‘Aprender y actuar’– Insignias, desarrollada en colaboración con otras agencias de las Naciones Unidas, consiste en libros cortos que tienen como objetivo sensibilizar a los jóvenes sobre temas de actualidad y alentarlos a convertirse en agentes activos de cambio en sus comunidades locales.

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This report examines case studies from Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland and other European countries, to identify good practices regarding data systems currently in use and recommend solutions for some of the challenges facing the management of bodies of inland water. Inland fisheries are important sources of ecosystem services contributing to human diets, health, well-being and the economy. The evaluation of their importance and value is one of the biggest challenges for its development. The report finds that the level and methods of inland fisheries data collection in Europe were highly variable. For example, some countries did not collect any data on recreational fishing, or only from specific areas, or recorded only the number of licenses sold.

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L’Insigne des Sols est conçu pour aider à éduquer les enfants et les jeunes sur le rôle vital que les sols jouent pour soutenir la vie sur Terre. L'insigne examine comment les sols sont créés, les utilisations des sols et comment les sols sont affectés par les pressions humaines et climatiques. Il comprend un large éventail d'activités et d'idées pour stimuler l'apprentissage sur les sols et la façon dont nous pouvons mieux gérer les ressources des sols pour assurer un avenir durable. La série YUNGA “Apprendre et agir” ? Insignes, développée en collaboration avec d'autres agences des Nations Unies, se compose de livres courts qui visent à sensibiliser les jeunes aux problèmes d'actualité et à les encourager à devenir des agents actifs du changement dans leur région et communautés locales.

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Cette publication cherche à encourager les entrepreneurs en herbe en Afrique a? saisir les opportunite?s d’affaires dans le secteur agricole et l’agro-industrie. Elle se veut un outil de promotion, en particulier pour les femmes et les jeunes. La publication, qui analyse les quatre domaines thématiques suivants: la phase d’expansion, l’entrepreneuriat des femmes, l’entrepreneuriat des jeunes et l’entrepreneuriat dans des environnements difficiles, offre aux agripreneurs et aux décideurs politiques des conseils pour les guider dans leur parcours. L’importance strate?gique de l’agriculture, du secteur agroalimentaire et de l’agro- industrie pour la cre?ation d’emplois, la se?curite? alimentaire et nutritionnelle et le de?veloppement e?conomique du continent africain en ge?ne?ral, est de plus en plus reconnue. Les entrepreneurs implique?s dans le secteur agroalimentaire et l’agro- industrie jouent un ro?le déterminant dans le de?veloppement des pays, en introduisant des innovations importantes qui améliorent la productivite? agricole et la vie de nombreuses personnes. À travers les expe?riences de 12 agripreneurs - comme celle de Vimal Shah au Kenya, dont l’activité consiste à fabriquer huiles, graisses comestibles, savons et de?tergents, ou celle de Monica Musonda en Zambie, qui s’occupe de produire des nouilles et des ce?re?ales enrichies -, la publication offre aux agripreneurs des conseils sur la manie?re de surmonter ou de contourner les obstacles potentiels, et aux de?cideurs politiques des conseils sur la manière d’instaurer un environnement propice a? l’agripreneuriat.

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Lipid-based ready-to-use foods (RUFs) for the nutritional management of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are provided to children from 6 months to 59 months of age within the context of emergency feeding programmes supervised by governments. Based on the review, the expert committee considered that children with SAM have an increase in susceptibility to bacteraemia and sepsis that is probably between twofold and fivefold compared with children who are not malnourished and are of the same age and live in the same communities. On the basis of its common occurrence as a cause of infections and serious illnesses in children with SAM, and its documented ability to contaminate, survive in, and cause outbreaks of illness associated with low-moisture foods similar to RUFs, the expert committee concluded that Salmonella is the pathogen of most concern in lipid-based RUFs. Many outbreaks of foodborne salmonellosis have been determined to be associated with low-moisture foods that were contaminated at low levels. Therefore, the expert committee carefully considered the qualitative microbiological analyses of RUFs and the contamination levels that could be inferred, and entered into an extended deliberation of dose-response modelling to find a path toward a reasonable approximation of the likely morbidity and mortality in SAM children that could be anticipated from consumption of RUFs contaminated at the estimated levels and observed frequency. The expert committee described three approaches that purchasers of RUFs might use to establish microbiological criteria to assure the safety of RUFs and to communicate to manufacturers their safety expectations. These approaches are: (i) reference to existing standards established for similar low-moisture foods; (ii) determining an acceptable increase in risk over the pre-existing baseline of illness from other sources of exposure; and (iii) process verification sampling using the moving window technique. The microbiological criteria derived by each of these approaches accomplish different purposes, and which is most appropriate is determined by the conditions of manufacture and use

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Les Directives sur le droit à l'alimentation fournissent des conseils pratiques sur les moyens avec lesquels mettre en œuvre le droit à une alimentation adéquate à travers une approche fondée sur les droits de l'homme. Depuis l'adoption des directives sur le droit à l'alimentation, la FAO et ses parties prenantes ont réussi à générer une multitude d'outils, à renforcer les capacités et à faciliter le dialogue multisectoriel dans le monde. Cette rétrospective des quinze années de mise en œuvre des directives sur le droit à l'alimentation nous aide à passer en revue et à comprendre ce qui a été réalisé, pourquoi, et comment le travail des gouvernements et de leurs partenaires peut être plus efficace dans la lutte contre la faim et la malnutrition.

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This study aims to analyze the coffee value chain in Uganda and identify opportunities and constraints for enhancing youth employment. Coffee is one of the key agricultural commodities in the Government of Uganda's pursuance of sustainable growth and job creation, especially for the rapidly expanding youth population. The study outlines a significant number of job opportunities for young people along this value chain, not only in production but increasingly in processing, trade and marketing, as well as service provision. It also suggests strategic upgrading options and outlines concrete policy actions to maximize youth participation in and benefits from the coffee sub-sector

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The Forest Products Annual Market Review 2018-2019 provides a comprehensive analysis of markets in the UNECE region and reports on the main market influences outside the UNECE region. It covers the range of products from the forest to the end-user: from roundwood and primary processed products to value-added and housing. Statistics-based chapters analyse the markets for wood raw materials, sawn softwood, sawn hardwood, wood-based panels, paper, paperboard and woodpulp. Other chapters analyse policies, forest products trade barriers affecting the UNECE region, and markets for wood energy. Underlying the analysis is a comprehensive collection of data. The Review highlights the role of sustainable forest products in international markets. Policies concerning forests and forest products are discussed, as well as the main drivers and trends. The Review also analyses the effects of the current economic situation on forest products markets.

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The Forest Products Annual Market Review 2017-2018 provides a comprehensive analysis of markets in the UNECE region and reports on the main market influences outside the UNECE region. It covers the range of products from the forest to the end-user:from roundwood and primary processed products to value-added and housing. Statistics-based chapters analyse the markets for wood raw materials, sawn softwood, sawn hardwood, wood-based panels, paper, paperboard and woodpulp. Other chapters analyse policies, trade barriers affecting forest products, and markets for wood energy. Underlying the analysis is a comprehensive collection of data. The Review highlights the role of sustainable forest products in international markets. Policies concerning forests and forest products are discussed, as well as the main drivers and trends. The Review also analyses the effects of the current economic situation on forest products markets

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The Forest Products Annual Market Review, 2015-2016 provides general and statistical information on forest products markets in 2015 and early 2016 in the UN Economic Commission for Europe region (North America, Europe, the CIS), as well as market influences from outside the UNECE region. The Review covers the range of products from the forest to the final end-user: from roundwood and primary processed products to value-added and innovative wood products. Statistic-based chapters of the Review analyse markets of wood raw materials, sawn softwood, sawn hardwood, wood-based panels, paper, paper board and woodpulp. Other chapters analyse policies, innovative wood products, markets of wood energy, value-added wood products and housing. A special section on pallets and wooden packaging is also included this year. Underlying the analysis is a comprehensive collection of data.

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