Search results for ""Author Leon V. Berhardt""

This book includes five chapters, each representing a recent advancement in medicine and biology. Chapter One discusses future aspects of sports medicine and their applications. Chapter Two deals with clinical visual impairment in the elderly population resulting from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Chapter Three reviews recent promising alternatives to protamine, which is currently used as a heparin antagonist but can cause dangerous side effects. Chapter Four describes the factors responsible for the development of diseases such as SARS, MERS, and Ebola. Finally, Chapter Five discusses the future applications of Drosophila melanogaster in neurobehavioural studies.

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In the first chapter, the authors intend to carry on a critical review of the different methods and approaches to determine the biomechanical output of joint stiffness, designated as dynamic joint stiffness by the authors. The second chapter summarizes several preceding articles on invasive procedures applied with questionable clinical indications in the former Soviet Union. The aim of the third chapter is to give information about how to use tacrolimus, in which type of glomerulonephritis and what are the treatment results, especially remission and relapse rates. In the fourth chapter, a ten-week experiment was conducted to assess the effect of supplementing Synechococcus sp. and Synechocystis sp. on the growth performance, haematology, serology and disease resistance in Oreochromis mossambicus. In the final chapter, discussions of the special properties of endothelial cells and their ability to generate the thrombotic microangiopathic syndrome and ARDS are undertaken based upon current knowledge of the capillary endothelial cells. Attempts are made to address the current pathophysiology of non-idiopathic thrombotic microangiopathy.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 164 begins by proposing that first-line chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer consensus molecular subtypes appears to be a prognostic factor that is able to provide information about growth rate. The authors go on to review the current and future applications of bioartificial grafts and conduits in the bridging of peripheral nerve defects. Ginsenoside Rb1 and phosphoramidon are studied in the zebrafish model of diabetic retinopathy, a progressive proliferative and non-proliferative disorder of retina with alterations of the blood-retinal barrier. Basic knowledge on the events from follicle development to implantation crucial to achieve successful conception as well as contraception is presented, describing the mechanism of contraceptive action of Chhaya. Hydroxydaunorubicin, also known as doxorubicin, a metabolite of Streptomyces peucetius and a prominent family member of anthracycline antibiotics is studied. The authors also review the possible mechanisms by which doxorubicin provokes concomitant side effects and clinical disorders, as well as the damage-assaying biochemical markers and the metabolites in these conditions. Updated data with a systematic search through the largest medical information databases is used to assess the therapeutic and preventive role in urinary incontinence of pelvic floor rehabilitation in pregnancy and postpartum. In closing, recent studies on the host and lactic acid bacteria as well as probiotic interactions in terms of molecular and cellular mechanisms of action via signaling pathways, apoptosis, and heat shock proteins are reviewed.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 156 first defines endovascular aortic aneurysm repair as the treating of an abdominal aortic aneurysm by placing a stent graft device over guide wires inside the aneurysmal aorta, with the aim of achieving secure fixation and sealing at non-diseased proximal and distal landing zones. Abdominal aortic aneurysm has an atherosclerotic origin; however, rare cases are immune-related, such as those from IgG4 or infections. Among the infectious agents, the authors discuss tuberculosis bacillus, the Salmonella typhi, but also Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Treponema pallidum. Next, the authors discuss fentanyl, a piperidine derivative opioid analgesic agent that has clinical uses worldwide, originally developed by Janssen and his collegues (Janssen 1959, 309). The systematic name is N-(1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl-N-phenylpropanamide. Since its discovery in the heroin supply in 1979, fentanyl and fentanyl analogs have been linked with epidemics of accidental overdose and death. More recently, the increased contamination of heroin with fentanyl and fentanyl analogs has been associated with accelerated national opioid overdose death rates in the United States. Following this, an overview of the systemic and topical corticosteroids used in dermatology is provided, and new classification methods to improve efficacy and minimize side effects are discussed. The authors go on to discuss prostatitis, an infectious disease caused by several bacteria. Approximately 8.2% of men have been affected by prostatitis which damages the ejaculatory ducts, causing infertility. The silver tree, Abies alba Mill. is a monoecious tree from the Pinaceae family. The fir has several uses in food and cosmetic industry, as well as in phototherapy and traditional medicine. As such, the antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Abies species against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeasts are explored. The penultimate chapter focuses on arthrosis or osteoarthritis of the knee, a local disease of the knee joint, and presents a clinical manifestation of degenerative changes in affected joints. The authors explore how procedures of physical therapy and rehabilitation alone or in combination with pharmacologic treatment can relieve pain and improve function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The concluding chapter describes current concepts regarding the correlation between tinnitus and cochlear implants. Possible physiopathological mechanisms of tinnitus reduction after cochlear implant may involve several aspects, such as habituation, acoustic masking, direct electrical nerve stimulation and cortical reorganization.

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This collection begins by discussing bendamustine, a nitrogen mustard derivative that consists of a meclorethamine group, butyric acid and a benzimidazole ring. Bendamustine has been synthesized in 1963, but in recent years it has been shown to be effective in treating lymphoproliferative diseases and solid tumors. Additionally, the authors present the efficacy of structure variation of bendamustine for the enhancement of the lipid membrane partitioning and tissue penetration, as well as drug-likeness. A total of 10 novel compounds are presented, wherein seven have higher Log P values and three have lower Log P values than that of bendamustine. Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 149 also discusses metabolic syndrome, a growing major clinical challenge for global health resultant from over-consumption of energy and obesity. Following this, the authors address the importance of antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary medicine, focusing on antimicrobial peptides such as nisin as therapeutic alternatives. A study is presented wherein it is concluded that oligodendrocyte dysfunction in multiple system atrophy significantly affects subcortical anatomical pathways. Moreover, the spatial patterns of the glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy contrast with those reported for filamentous neuronal inclusions in other neurodegenerative diseases. Next, the authors summarize the recent discoveries expounding how β-cell identity and heterogeneity evolve in diabetes mellitus, discussing a new perspective of β-cell function salvage in diabetes mellitus development. Yeast cell cycle arrest and its consequences are analyzed in the subsequent chapter. Cell cycle arrest results in programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, wherein cells are made to commit suicide. The penultimate study evaluates the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive and neurophysiological functions in patients with moderate cognitive impairment. Lastly, to investigate the role of CD44 in the development of allergic respiratory inflammation, a mouse model of airway allergic inflammation induced by transnasal administration of helminthic and mite allergens is used to analyze bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and airway hyper responsiveness.

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This edited volume includes eight chapters, each of which describe recent advances in medicine and biology. Chapter One discusses dietary recommendations and beneficial compounds, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and phytochemicals to aid the management of abnormal lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women. Chapter Two discusses the role of viral infection and features from the host that take part in the development of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Chapter Three analyses the effects of caffeine and coffee consumption on airways and lung function, particularly in the case of asthma. Chapter Four describes the use of natural and herbal drugs in the treatment of hepatitis B. Chapter Five presents the results of a genetic survey for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Chapter Six describes the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis using soft interspinous process device. Chapter Seven reviews the efficacy of tonsillectomy for rheumatic diseases. Finally, Chapter Eight summarises the available literature concerning graft pre-soaking in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions as a method of reducing the likelihood of post-operative infections, which can lead to septic arthritis.

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In this compilation, the authors review the available evidence of the benefits of benfotiamine administration, paying particular attention to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, cardiac autonomic neuropathy and gastrointestinal neuropathy. An overview of cyclic AMP response element binding protein's structure and functions is provided, in addition to a review of its molecular mechanisms and role in disease processes, including neural diseases, diabetes and cancer. Based on bibliographic references and studies carried out by the authors, this work also assesses the problem of modular total hip prostheses, regarded as a closed loop biotribosystem. The best available evidence in the field of dental rehabilitation is discussed, with the goal of constructing a reliable base for the approach of new investigations. In closing, the authors present the synthesis methods and pharmacological properties of triazole-derived heterocyclic systems. Triazoles are an important class of heterocyclic compounds that are five-membered aromatic azole ring with three nitrogen and two carbon atoms.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 163 begins by discussing lipidomics, a newly emerging field of biomedical research that uses a mass spectrometry-based tool for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of complex lipids in the biological system. Following this, the authors analyze basic aspects of the cellular processes involved in olfactory signal transduction, focusing on the neurogenic processes of neuronal stem cells from the olfactory neuroepithelium. Recent information from several experimental studies is presented highlighting the application of CCl4 as an inducer of pathophysiological changes in key organs of the body. The preparation, advantages and multi-functionality of nano emulsions is reviewed in the context of their potential applications in targeted drug delivery. The existing preclinical and clinical studies carried out with sacubitril-valsartan (and other drugs with similar pharmacological mechanisms) in heart failure and hypertensive patients are described. The authors go on to explore monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple myeloma, a plasma cell neoplasia accounting for 10% of hemopoietic neoplasias. The closing study examines the various approaches for mitral valve surgery, comparing and contrasting the benefits and drawbacks of each.

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