Search results for ""Author Leon V. Berhardt""

This monograph contains six chapters, each of which provides details about recent advancements in the field of medicine and biology. Chapter One describes the discovery of AZQ, a drug specifically designed to shut off genes that cause brain cancer. Chapter Two analyses the structure, stability, adaptation to extreme environments and the catalytic mechanism of α-helical membrane proteins. Chapter Three provides an up-to-date overview of artificial intelligence (AI) in assisted reproductive treatment (ART) clinics and explores how AI learns and develops a dataset to provide clinical guidance. Chapter Four consists of a study focused on the etiopathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma using laboratory mice. Chapter Five presents and comments on the current evidence regarding diagnostics in patients with metastatic breast cancer based on circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Lastly, Chapter Six reviews the pathogenetic and clinical features of inner ear involvement in congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV), the most frequent non-genetic cause of permanent sensorineural hearing loss in childhood.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 170 begins by presenting the latest evidence that Alzheimer's disease-related proteins and their genes play a role in post-ischemic brain damage, and that an ischemic episode is an essential and leading provider of Alzheimer's disease development. The authors go on to review the pathophysiology, symptoms, epidemiology, analysis, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Important issues when appraising and interpreting studies on fertility awareness methods used for avoiding pregnancy are described, and correct clinical applications of fertility awareness methods for contraception are also discussed. The basic molecular pathology of human cancers is discussed, as well as rising technologies for tumour characterization and the role of molecular profiling in identifying potential targets for individualised treatment. Additionally, an overview of the various modalities for assessing the liver functional reserve in patients undergoing hepatic resection is provided. Lastly, data on the linearization of somatic growth plots in humans and rats is discussed, showing the existence of at least two ontogenetic transitions: juvenile and pubertal.

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This compilation opens with a review of the current knowledge regarding the impact of endocrine disruptors on human health, as well as the mechanisms contributing to it. The authors emphasize the evidence of aquaporin modulation by hypoxia and erythropoietin, as these water channels are increasingly valued as potential biomarkers of disease, as well as pharmacological targets for the treatment of brain and renal injuries, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. Later, the safety and tolerability of adalimumab demonstrated in pivotal phase III clinical trials is examined, along with long-term follow up data from open-label extensions and the ESPRIT registry. Adalimumab for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and peripheral spondyloarthritis is also discussed. The authors go on to study the types, causes, effect and problems related to polycystic ovary syndrome. The closing study deals with the relationship between reactive oxygen species and male fertility, providing some futuristic approaches for better research in the field.

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Volume 165 first presents promising information about the essential goal of effective and safe medication for target patients with the appropriate genotypes. The authors explore the diverse causes of neonatal leukemoid reaction in premature infants proposed by Hill and Duncan in 1941, such as intrauterine infection and maternal steroid administration. This compilation also explores hjypoxia-inducible factor-1, a key gene regulator for cellular adaptation to hypoxia which leads to a transcriptional response under physiological as well as pathological conditions. From a historical perspective, Wilms' tumor treatment is assessed, focusing on the different approaches of the two main groups, the Children's Oncology Group and the International Society of Paediatric Oncology. The genetics and genomics of Plasmodium, which include multiple parameters and factors affecting disease transmission, are assessed in an effort to enhance our knowledge about the disease. Following this, whole slide imaging or virtual microscopy is used for the quantitative evaluation of liver biopsy specimens of patients with chronic hepatitis. The closing study examines data which reveals changes in the functioning of the ceruloplasmin/transferrin system, decreasing the content of toxic ions of Fe2+ in the plasma of patients with Parkinson's disease. These changes are a pathogenetically significant factor of Parkinson's disease at all stages.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 157 opens with a study wherein the authors use guinea pig airway smooth muscle to demonstrate that testosterone blocks L type voltage dependent Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, in vivo experiments with sensitized guinea pigs show that bronchospasm induced by antigenic challenge was abolished by testosterone and its 5α and 5β-dihydrotestosterone metabolites. Following this, the authors evaluate the structural features of skeletal muscles in children and adults with various pathologies of the musculoskeletal system based on ultrasonography, considering periods of natural growth and involutive changes. An overview of the current state of research on fluoxetine for the treatment of anxiety alone or combined with depression is provided, along with its possible side effects. Also provided is scientific information is regarding the neurobiological bases of depression and therapeutic effects of fluoxetine during the different periods of menopause. This information could be useful in pharmacological strategies for the treatment of depression occurring in the menopausal women. One chapter focuses on how improved direct access to the liver protected inside the rib cage can be obtained in laparoscopic liver resection using its specific "Caudal approach", decreasing the risk of refractory ascites and liver failure, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with chronic liver diseases. The nucleolus is packed with proteins involved in ribosome function and biogenesis, as well as other proteins involved in cell-cycle regulation, senescence and stress response. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of protein turnover in the nucleolus. As such, the authors discuss the nucleolus-localized protein degradation pathway, which is essential to ribosome production and cell-cycle progression. The concluding chapter focuses on the dye Congo red, which is used as a stain in microscopy to detect an abnormal material called amyloid. Amyloid consists of misfolded proteins that form fibrils which bind molecules of Congo red and orientate the molecules parallel to the long axis of the fibrils.

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This volume, comprised of six chapters, presents some of the latest advancements in medicine and biology research. Chapter One investigates six linear traits of three species of beetles in the Southern Siberian and North Caucasus mountains. Chapter Two analyses the efficiency of surgical treatment of tuberculosis, which remained common in Russia despite the development of efficient and less invasive drug therapies. Chapter Three summarises the literature on temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis. Chapter Four discusses the neuroprotective effects of some of the most used nutraceutical compounds and their possible future neuro-therapeutic role. Chapter Five examines the neurological differences in emotional processing between males and females. Lastly, Chapter Six assesses sexual dimorphism using the NumPy library for the Python programming language by creating digital analogue arrays of the histochemical activity of the acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and peroxidase using the example of sebaceous and eccrine glands of the skin of male and female Norway rats.

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This edited monograph includes seven chapters, each discussing recent advancements in the fields of medicine and biology. Chapter One discusses the biomedical engineering must frequently develop a great variety of sensors by including information from performance of bio-samples (cell cultures or tissues), technical specifications of transducers, and constrains derived from electronic circuits. In this work it is described a methodology for real-time cell culture monitoring system design; analysing, modelling, and integrating into the design flow the electrodes, cell culture and test circuit's influences. Chapter Two contributes to a deeper understanding of the main pathways playing a role in the complex mechanisms triggered in Fe-treated organisms. Chapter Three describes one of the most important medical evolutions of the last decade is the development of personalised medicine. The success of personalised medicine depends on having accurate diagnostic tests that identify patients who can benefit from targeted treatment strategies. Over the last years, a large range of different omics have led to the development of valuable biomarkers, based on genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics etc. Only few attention has been paid to the study of glycomics, an attractive though not well known technology that can lead to the development of biomarkers in a variety of diseases. Chapter Four provides information that amoeboid protists are a taxonomically eclectic group encompassing 'amoebae' and 'amoeboflagellates'. They are single-celled organisms that move by a crawling-like motion, while extending pseudopodia (slender or finger-shaped protrusions) from the periphery of the cell. Their shape is highly variable; and the number and organization of the pseudopodia, in addition to cell shape, are important features used to categorize and taxonomically identify the amoebae. Chapter Five subject dealt with in this chapter may be useful for improving strategies to treat certain diseases as well as for the design of materials for tissue engineering, among other applications. Chapter Six indicates that abnormalities in physical properties of the cell membranes may be strongly linked to hypertension and other circulatory disorders. Finally, Chapter Seven review that Diphtheria, known to be an acute toxin mediated, contagious febrile illness is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

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This edited monograph contains five chapters that present advancements in the fields of medicine and biology. Chapter One provides a comprehensive review of the biological specimens used to monitor antipsychotic drugs as well as the analytical methods and sample preparation techniques used for their determination. Chapter Two focuses on estradiol and how it regulates the biology of innate and adaptive immune cell subpopulations, and how it may contribute to the resolution, exacerbation, or treatment for colorectal cancer. Chapter Three discusses the involvement of vitamin A in different areas such as embryonic development, development of the nervous system, and diseases. Chapter Four discusses environmentally friendly methods for the production of bismuth nitrate solutions and conditions for the hydrolytic purification of bismuth from the main metal impurities, specifies the compositions of the compounds used in medicine, and gives the production conditions for high purity bismuth compounds and the data on their toxicity. Finally, Chapter Five describes the use of gravitational mass spectroscopy to study the evolution of muscles.

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