Search results for ""author ltd e"

Economic Thought since Keynes outlines the evolution of economic thought since the publication of The General Theory, putting into perspective the trends, issues and developments in economics over the last half century. The book begins with an historical account of the schools, debates and issues that have characterised economic thought over the past 50 years, and the authors who have played major or significant roles. This is followed by a dictionary in which 150 economists are featured with biographical details, a bibliography of their major published works, an analysis of their contributions to economic thought and a guide to the secondary literature. An important feature of the volume is a detailed and comprehensive index which will make it an invaluable source for both teaching and research.

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The establishment of the Shanghai Stock Exchange in December 1990 was a landmark in China's institutional transformation. With this in mind, the authors consider the factors relating to institutional change - such as changes in the financial system, the scale and structure of stock market, operational efficiency and the regulatory system of the stock market. During the course of its development the Chinese stock market has experienced speculation, dramatic fluctuations and violations of market regulations of frequent and diverse natures. There is therefore, urgent need for the discussion contained within this volume of best procedure policies for the establishment of a properly ordered and regulated market.The authors assess the operational performance of listed companies, and changes in the external environment such as the impact of China's accession to the WTO on the stock market. The authors find that WTO accession will have a more serious impact on the more heavily protected agricultural sector and on capital-intensive industries such as automobile, instruments, cotton and wheat to name a few. They argue that the fundamental reason for the inefficiency of China's stock market is the weakness of the competitive mechanism leading to imperfect competition and rent-seeking activity. This book will be of great interest to academics and researchers of Asian studies and money and finance. Multinational enterprise managers, as well as brokers, dealers, business economists and others involved in the global financial markets will also find this book of value.

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Ronen Avraham, David Hyman and Charles Silver, leading authorities in their fields, discuss the effects of economic and legal constraints and regulation on healthcare. They examine the impact of access to healthcare on mortality and clinical outcomes and investigate healthcare financing, including payment to providers, expanding costs, health insurance and the provision of long-term care. The distribution of spending and the expansion of provision are also investigated. The regulatory aspect includes discussions on the regulation of healthcare practice, medical malpractice and liability, and public health and ethical issues.

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The role of the stock market in the recent global financial crisis has led many to question the way in which the modern international financial system operates. This highly topical book offers important insights into the stock market, contrasting the speculative explanation of stock market fluctuations with the conventional efficient markets hypothesis.After summarising economists' views on stock market behavior from the classical period to the present day, the authors focus on two particular explanations of stock price fluctuations. They examine in detail the mainstream neo-classical theory with its emphasis on the efficient markets hypothesis. They then compare this with the theories of Veblen, Galbraith and Keynes who consider markets as being inherently prone to speculation and crisis, in contrast to the neo-classical approach which largely ignores the instability of stock markets and particularly the crashes that have recently occurred. The authors go on to develop a speculative model to account for stock market fluctuations which provides a useful and realistic explanation of how stock price expectations are formed.This book will be welcomed by bankers, financial and monetary economists, historians of economic thought and all those interested in the causes of the recent market crashes.

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This book draws together William B. Gartner's key contributions to entrepreneurship research over the past 25 years. An original introduction by the author offers a comprehensive overview and analysis of his work as it pertains to the development of entrepreneurship as a scholarly field, and the articles demonstrate the many ways in which his research has explored entrepreneurship in relation to individuals, firms, environments, and processes.

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This book dismantles the arguments used by policy makers to justify the abandonment of full employment as a valid goal of national governments. Bill Mitchell and Joan Muysken trace the theoretical analysis of the nature and causes of unemployment over the last 150 years and argue that the shift from involuntary to 'natural rate' conceptions of unemployment since the 1960s has driven an ideological backlash against Keynesian policy interventions. The authors contend that neo-liberal governments now consider unemployment to be an individual problem rather than a reflection of systemic policy failure and that they are content to use unemployment as a policy instrument to control inflation and coerce the unemployed with work tests and compliance programmes rather than provide sufficient employment. They present a comprehensive theoretical and empirical critique of this policy approach, with a refreshing new framework for understanding modern monetary economies. The authors show that the reinstatement of full employment with price stability is a viable policy goal that can be achieved by activist fiscal policy through the introduction of a Job Guarantee.Full Employment Abandoned will appeal to graduate and postgraduate students and researchers of economics and politics with an interest in macroeconomic policy and the labour market, particularly unemployment and neo-liberal policy frameworks.

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This timely book investigates the issue of counterfeit and falsified medicines (CFM) in the EU, identifying that this is a problem that lies at the intersection of three spheres of law - medicine, intellectual property (IP), and criminal law. The book highlights key issues such as infiltration of the legal supply chain and the involvement of organised crime, analysing relevant EU law and demonstrating the challenges of CFM.Using examples from several case studies, Vishv Priya Kohli reveals the gaps in the current legal framework, underlining the particular difficulties created by the interplay between different areas of law as well as the lack of criminal penalties. The author explores areas where improvements have already been made, in particular through the Falsified Medicines Directive, and articulates a number of recommendations to fill in the gaps, for example by harmonizing criminal law and building synergies within law enforcement.Counterfeit and Falsified Medicines in the EU will be of great interest to academics and students in IP, health and medical law, and criminal law in the EU. It will also prove valuable for practitioners and policymakers working in and with enforcement authorities in the EU, as well as those working in the medical field itself.

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Is the United States ceding its economic power to China? In this compelling book, Gordon C.K. Cheung uses theoretical exploration as well as empirical studies to scrutinize this key question and China's complex relations with the global economy. Employing innovative concepts, the author demonstrates that China's economic identity is now heavily influenced by the growth in its entrepreneurial spirit.Critically questioning the ebbing authority of the US in the East Asian region, Cheung identifies how China's exercise of soft power not only appeals to East Asian historical tradition, but also has begun to translate into tangible economic benefits. The author evaluates China's future economic competitiveness in the global economy and how its performance will be tested in areas of national interest: the protection of intellectual property rights, financial integration and the role of China's sovereign wealth funds. China's two grand ambitions, the Belt and Road Initiative and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank - both of enormous significance to the future of global economic development - are also discussed. With strong empirical evidence and a fresh perspective on China's development, this book will be of great interest to postgraduate students of economics, international relations, business and globalization, as well as scholars and policy makers interested in China's international influence.

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Roger, Romane's brother, has been transferred to an Algapower lab in Brazil. Shortly afterwards, his sister, still working for Intelligence, arrives in Rio. Her new mission: to get in touch with her brother and convince him to inform the authorities on the company and its mysterious Mermaid Project. The stakes have changed for the Pennac siblings, though: among the documents retrieved during the New York mission, their names appear on a list of potential test subjects...

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This highly topical book discusses the potential enlargement of the EU to embrace the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the enormous challenges, opportunities and threats this poses for parties on both sides. Understanding of the diversity of the issues raised, even by an experimental expansion, is limited and rarely extends beyond the concerns voiced in a particular policy arena. This volume brings together contributions from specialists across the spectrum of the social sciences who consider the possible outcomes of expansion per se. The authors consider the countries to which membership might rationally be extended, and discuss the future of a Union that continues to be exclusive, but which must advance in the context of the overall march of globalisation. The contributions from numerous disciplines are complementary and include both macro- and micro perspectives.EU Expansion to the East is designed to be accessible to all scholars of European affairs, as well as those interested in transition and policymakers at national, regional and local levels.

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In this book, Achim Korber carefully examines the influence of environmental policy on trade policy. He explores environmental protectionism and models it using public choice theory.The author focuses on: a theoretical analysis of ecological protectionism and the potential misuse of environmental regulation as a tool to gain competitive advantage a comprehensive case study on the tuna-dolphin cases of the GATT/WTO. The study reveals that the US legislation was not - as it was widely perceived - a victory for the environmentalists but for the billion dollar industry of the US tuna canneries an in-depth literature survey on various approaches to protectionism including an analysis of lobbying models including the contest-success function. The Political Economy of Environmental Protectionism, with its wealth of new material, will be of great interest to environmental, political, and trade economists as well as policymakers and researchers.

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The fields of intellectual property have broadened and deepened in so many ways that commentators struggle to keep up with the ceaseless rush of developments and hot topics. Kritika: Essays on Intellectual Property is a series that is designed to help authors escape this rush. It creates a forum for authors who wish to more deeply question, investigate and reflect upon the evolving themes and principles of the discipline.This third volume of Kritika again brings together leading scholars from different fields and disciplines. Their essays reflect on some of the big problems in the field, addressing issues such as the way that institutions like WIPO continue with their propertization missions, how the bells of lobbyists toll incessantly for new data rights, and the ways in which discourses of human rights and information justice struggle to turn intellectual property from an instrument of private accumulation into one of service for the common good. Important questions in the field are also tackled, for example, how does the Islamic view of knowledge as life cohere with intellectual property, at a time when, as other essays show, intellectual property grounds new forms of state imperium?With contributions from: Sara Bannerman; Shamnad Basheer; Rahul Bajaj; Mohammed El Said; Blayne Haggart; Thomas Hoeren; P. Bernt Hugenholtz and Fiona Macmillan

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Why do some cartels fail and others succeed? This question has intrigued economists for a hundred years, and they have created an extensive body of theory to help explain cartel behaviour. This book looks at the experience of actual cartels and challenges their portrayal as found in the existing literature.The eleven chapters by leading researchers of industrial organization study real examples of industrial collusion. The authors investigate the formation, behaviour, activity and purpose of cartels, and illustrate the intricacies of collusive relationships. In the process they question the existing economic theory surrounding the operation of cartels, which in practice do not always adhere to the textbook models or to complex game theoretic rules. Although much economic research suggests that cartels are doomed to failure, the authors find that there are many examples of industries where cartels have succeeded in controlling prices and output over a prolonged period of time. This book is a groundbreaking attempt to study empirically a range of cartels throughout the world, providing both historical and contemporary examples of collusion to enrich the arguments. Academics, policymakers, lawyers and economists working in the fields of industrial organization and competition policy will find this to be a highly original and thought-provoking volume.

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Discover the truth behind the myth in The Complete Jack the Ripper by Paul Begg and John Bennett.Whitechapel, 1888: a spate of brutal murders becomes the most notorious criminal episode in London's history. The killer, chillingly nicknamed 'The Whitechapel Murderer', 'Leather Apron' and, most famously, 'Jack the Ripper', is never brought to justice for the slaughter and mutilation of at least five women in the slums of East London. But the mystery is deepened by a letter sent "From Hell" to Scotland Yard, accompanied by half of a preserved human kidney...In this comprehensive account of London's most infamous killer, the foremost authorities on the case explore the facts behind the most grisly episode of the Victorian era. Setting the scene in the impoverished East End, the authors' meticulous research offers detailed accounts of the lives of the victims and an examination of the police investigation. The Complete Jack the Ripper is the definitive book by Paul Begg and John Bennett, exploring both the myth and reality behind the allusive killer.Paul Begg and John Bennett are researchers and authors, widely recognized as authorities on Jack the Ripper. Paul Begg's books include Jack the Ripper: The Facts, Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History, and he is a co-author of The Jack the Ripper A to Z.John Bennett has written numerous articles and lectured frequently on Jack the Ripper and the East End of London. He has acted as adviser to and participated in documentaries made by television channels worldwide and was the co-writer for the successful Channel 5 programme Jack the Ripper: The Definitive Story. He is author of E1: A Journey Through Whitechapel and Spitalfields and co-author of Jack the Ripper: CSI Whitechapel.

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Persistent unemployment is recognised as one of the main mechanisms of social and political exclusion. The Dynamics of Full Employment provides a new and fresh approach to the question of full employment in contemporary society. It offers an internationally comparative, interdisciplinary approach to the dynamics of full employment and views the labour market not only as an economic institution, but as a social one. The authors argue that transitional markets - defined as legitimate, negotiated and politically supported sets of mobility options - are becoming essential ingredients of successful employment policies in modern societies. Social integration through participation in the labour market should not exclude productive activity in other spheres of life.The authors attempt to enhance the understanding, through empirical evidence, of the dynamics of modern labour markets and the theoretical foundation of transitional labour markets. They also aim to determine which arrangements (via institutional, legal and social security frameworks) might best be able to prevent or relieve structural unemployment.This innovative and original book will be of interest to both academics and policymakers in the fields of public policy and labour market, and employment policy in particular.

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This insightful book presents a legal and economic analysis of inter-firm cooperation through networks as an alternative to vertical integration. It examines comparatively various forms of collaboration, ranging from consortia to multiparty joint ventures and from franchising to dealerships.Collaboration among firms of different sizes helps to overcome numerous weaknesses of the modern western industrial systems. It permits the governing of vertical disintegration without increasing fragmentation and transaction costs and allows firms to benefit from resource complementarities, favoring division of labour. The contributing authors, primarily focusing on Europe and the US, address important ways in which legal systems provide a framework for inter-firm coordination. It is clear from the analysis that significant obstacles to collaboration still remain, and the authors call for legal reforms at European and Member States level. This book will prove to be invaluable to academics and law-makers from both economics and law disciplines who are interested in organizational innovation and competitiveness to increase efficiency and redistribute power along the supply chain.Contributors include: C. Aubert de Vincelles, F. Cafaggi, S. Clavel, F. Gomez, S. Grundmann, D. Scalera, S. Whittaker, A. Zazzaro

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A timely contribution to social entrepreneurship research from a Scandinavian view. Taking entrepreneurship as creative action in society as a whole, the authors counter widely held perceptions of (social) entrepreneurship: it is not an elite phenomenon but a form of action that we all engage in from time to time; it is not about system-changing disruptions but generally about small but real improvements in everyday life; it is not about autonomous action but about realizing freedom potential in societies where knowledge and learning have become essential for civic action.'- Rafael Ziegler, University of Greifswald, Germany'This book offers an innovative, theory-driven account of social entrepreneurship that is located in new thinking around the constructs of community and 'public' entrepreneurship. Bjerke and Karlsson draw on a wide range of sources to offer useful new insights and analyses of this emerging sector and contribute a variety of useful and challenging new models of the relationship between society, innovation, and politics. All in all, this represents a valuable addition to the growing theoretical literature on social innovation and entrepreneurship.'- Alex Nicholls, University of Oxford, UKThis informative book examines some social entrepreneurs in practice in several countries whilst concentrating on entrepreneurs in the third sector. The authors call them citizen entrepreneurs. Such people are not only becoming more common but also more necessary in the world of today.Entrepreneurs are seen as people who aim 'to act as if and make a difference', that is, who act out of the ordinary and come up with noticeable solutions to various problems without being restricted by existing resources or possibilities. This book applies these criteria to citizen entrepreneurs, focusing on public entrepreneurs operating in public places. The authors conduct in-depth case studies to examine these public entrepreneurs thoroughly and offer some theoretical reflections on social entrepreneurship.Students and researchers studying social entrepreneurship will find this book of great interest. Social entrepreneurs and practitioners would also benefit considerably from this enriching resource.

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Continuity and Change in Contemporary Europe focuses on the dramatic events in Eastern and Western Europe over recent years, events which have not produced the 'golden age' which many people expected when the Berlin Wall came down. In fact, Europe in the 1990s is, the authors argue, in many ways a more uncertain place than it was before 1989. This is not due simply to recent events themselves, but also to longer term historical problems. Hence the book traces the complex interplay of past continuities and present day changes in an increasingly unified Europe by looking at national experiences and at the broader international and institutional context.The authors cover the status quo in the aftermath of the last war, economic and social growth and attempts at European integration; the new developments of the 1980s with the surge in Western European integration, glasnost and perestroika, and the revolutions in Eastern Europe; and giving special attention to the problems of the 1990s, in the European Union, inside the states of Europe, and in security and international affairs.Undergraduates will find Continuity and Change in Contemporary Europe especially helpful since it deals not just with history, but current affairs, the emerging challenges with which Europe is increasingly faced, and ways to understand them.

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Dependent self-employment is widely perceived as a rapidly growing form of precarious work conducted by marginalised lower-skilled workers subcontracted by large corporations. Unpacking a comprehensive survey of 35 European countries, Colin C. Williams and Ioana Alexandra Horodnic map the lived realities of the distribution and characteristics of dependent self-employment to challenge this broad and erroneous perception. Featuring rigorous empirical research, Dependent Self-Employment moves beyond the reliance on anecdotal evidence to fill in gaping lacunae in our understanding of employment. Reporting on the European Working Conditions Survey of 2015, this impressive book provides a crucial contribution to our understanding of dependent self-employment in the 21st century, challenging not only academic perceptions, but also depictions of work in the media and political discourse. The authors expertly navigate the 'grey zone' of defining dependent self-employment, embracing the spectrum of employment relationships and outlining the limits to the rights and authority of the dependently self-employed. Bold and comprehensive, this timely book offers critical insight for researchers at all levels exploring the nature and distribution of employment in Europe. Given the current public debates on the platform economy, this book will also prove useful for practitioners and policy-makers in labour inspectorates, tax administrations and social security institutions worldwide.

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An inspirational guide to using nature in textile art, with step-by-step projects Plants, flowers, gardens, insects and birds are a rich source of inspiration for artists and designers of all kinds. This beautiful guide demonstrates how to get the most out of your surroundings to create original and unique pieces in textiles. Beginning with a chapter on drawing from nature, the book demonstrates how to use sketchbooks and create mood boards to explore your local environment and landscape. The author demonstrates how to make small pieces such as folding books based on observational drawing and stitch. Moving on to a section on floral inspiration, the author shows how to use plants and flowers in your work, from using stencilled flower motifs as embellishment to printing with plants onto fabric and making simple relief prints. Finally, the taking flight chapter demonstrates how to move into three-dimensions and sculptural work with birds and insects made from cloth. Featuring step-by-step projects as well as work from contemporary artists, makers and collaborative groups throughout, this practical and beautiful guide shows how practitioners of all kinds can draw from the natural world for making and inspiration.

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This collection of essays draws inspiration from the late James Deetz's In Small Things Forgotten (1977). Deetz's seminal work broke new ground by using structuralist theory to show how artefacts reflected the 'worldviews' or ideologies of their makers and users, and went on to claim that the American colonial world had been structured according to a British intellectual blueprint, the so-called 'Georgian Order'. Thirty years on, this influential thesis has been substantially revised by more recent scholarship, but Deetz's central premise, that the systematic study of mundane material objects such as tombstones, architecture, and furniture, can render palpable the intangible aspects of human cognition and belief systems, has become a fundamental tenet of modern historical archaeology. Drawing upon James Deetz's insight that everyday objects from the recent past are freighted with social significance, and that material culture operates alongside language as a system of communication, the authors present a series of case studies which unravel specific cultural moments in well-documented historical periods across the modern world. The very best historical archaeologies create intimate material histories that expose constructions of race, class, gender, and have the capacity to challenge taken-for-granted knowledge and received political histories. The studies in this volume range in date from the early 17th century to the late 20th century and are unified by the way in which they employ theory from archaeology and anthropology to elucidate the complex links between human thought and action. The authors in this volume make a significant contribution to archaeological knowledge through their ability to move beyond simple materialities to create interesting human stories that transcend purely descriptive show-and-tell accounts of archaeological sites. Chapters by international scholars from North America, Europe, and Australia demonstrate the vitality of their approaches to historical archaeology through a series of compelling case studies. For the first time to an Anglophone audience this volume presents the latest research from Finland and Spain.

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This book aims to further advance analysis on Negotiated Environmental Agreements (NEAs) in a multi-disciplinary and co-ordinated way. The authors advocate increased use of NEAs as policy instruments to deal with environmental problems.The book analyses, both theoretically and through the example of existing European agreements, the critical factors that can influence the performance of a negotiated environmental agreement. Negotiating Environmental Agreements in Europe contains 12 case studies analysing 12 different negotiated agreements in European countries. These are analysed comparatively in order to examine to what extent the different hypotheses postulated in the book are valid.Policymakers, environmental economists and researchers as well as NGOs and representatives of industries affected by NEAs will all find this book of immense interest and worth.

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'I want to thank the editors for bringing this project to fruition and compiling in one volume contributions which will interest both transport specialists and economists. Engineers and management experts will benefit from the summaries, and rigorous analysis, of recent advances in economic research applied to their fields of interest. Researchers and students in economics will see how economic theory can be applied in a specific context to enrich the study of one sector, transport. In this way, the handbook contributes to the cross-fertilisation of different areas of knowledge and constitutes an important development in the advancement of that knowledge.'- From the foreword by Daniel L. McFadden, 2000 Nobel Laureate in Economics Bringing together insights and perspectives from close to 70 of the world's leading experts in the field, this timely Handbook provides an up-to-date guide to the most recent and state-of-the-art advances in transport economics. The comprehensive coverage includes topics such as the relationship between transport and the spatial economy, recent advances in travel demand analysis, the external costs of transport, investment appraisal, pricing, equity issues, competition and regulation, the role of public - private partnerships and the development of policy in local bus services, rail, air and maritime transport. This Handbook is designed both for use on postgraduate and advanced undergraduate courses and as a reference for anyone working in the field. It also complements the textbook Principles of Transport Economics. Contributors include: S.P. Anderson, H. Andersson, R. Arnott, B. Bartin, L. Basso, A. Behar, M. Ben Akiva, Y. Berechman, M. Beuthe, C.R. Bhat, J. Brocker, M.R. Brooks, K. Button, C.G. Chorus, J. Clougherty, M. Delucchi, A. de Palma, A. Estache, R. Friedrich, J. Gifford, D. Gillen, D. Graham, D. Hensher, E. Iossa, S. Jara-Diaz, E. Juan, Y. Kanemoto, M. Lafourcade, J. Laird, R. Lindsey, D. Mac Fadden, P. Mackie, D. Martimort, D. McCubbin, H. Meersman, J. Mercenier, C. Nash, T. Oum, K. Ozbay, A.R. Pinjari, M. Ponti, S. Proost, R. Renault, P. Rietveld, E. Quinet, G. Santos, T. Tabuchi, J. Thisse, H.J.P. Timmermans, A. Trannoy, N. Treich, L. Trujillo, T. Vanelslander, E. Van de Voorde, A.J. Venables, E. Verhoef, R. Vickerman, J. Walker, W.G. Waters II, M. Wegener, K. Yamaguchi, O. Yanmaz-Tuzel, Y. Yoshida, A. Zhang, Y. Zhang

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'I want to thank the editors for bringing this project to fruition and compiling in one volume contributions which will interest both transport specialists and economists. Engineers and management experts will benefit from the summaries, and rigorous analysis, of recent advances in economic research applied to their fields of interest. Researchers and students in economics will see how economic theory can be applied in a specific context to enrich the study of one sector, transport. In this way, the handbook contributes to the cross-fertilisation of different areas of knowledge and constitutes an important development in the advancement of that knowledge.'- From the foreword by Daniel L. McFadden, 2000 Nobel Laureate in Economics Bringing together insights and perspectives from close to 70 of the world's leading experts in the field, this timely Handbook provides an up-to-date guide to the most recent and state-of-the-art advances in transport economics. The comprehensive coverage includes topics such as the relationship between transport and the spatial economy, recent advances in travel demand analysis, the external costs of transport, investment appraisal, pricing, equity issues, competition and regulation, the role of public - private partnerships and the development of policy in local bus services, rail, air and maritime transport. This Handbook is designed both for use on postgraduate and advanced undergraduate courses and as a reference for anyone working in the field. It also complements the textbook Principles of Transport Economics. Contributors include: S.P. Anderson, H. Andersson, R. Arnott, B. Bartin, L. Basso, A. Behar, M. Ben Akiva, Y. Berechman, M. Beuthe, C.R. Bhat, J. Brocker, M.R. Brooks, K. Button, C.G. Chorus, J. Clougherty, M. Delucchi, A. de Palma, A. Estache, R. Friedrich, J. Gifford, D. Gillen, D. Graham, D. Hensher, E. Iossa, S. Jara-Diaz, E. Juan, Y. Kanemoto, M. Lafourcade, J. Laird, R. Lindsey, D. Mac Fadden, P. Mackie, D. Martimort, D. McCubbin, H. Meersman, J. Mercenier, C. Nash, T. Oum, K. Ozbay, A.R. Pinjari, M. Ponti, S. Proost, R. Renault, P. Rietveld, E. Quinet, G. Santos, T. Tabuchi, J. Thisse, H.J.P. Timmermans, A. Trannoy, N. Treich, L. Trujillo, T. Vanelslander, E. Van de Voorde, A.J. Venables, E. Verhoef, R. Vickerman, J. Walker, W.G. Waters II, M. Wegener, K. Yamaguchi, O. Yanmaz-Tuzel, Y. Yoshida, A. Zhang, Y. Zhang

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Challenges to the Welfare State examines and assesses cultural, economic and political problems facing welfare states in Europe and North America and provides policy suggestions to alleviate these problems. An important group of authors identifies the relative merits of welfare state systems in the United States and Europe. They consider the transition of the welfare state in former Communist countries to more market oriented systems and the status of the European welfare state in the context of deepening European integration. More specifically, these experts address the question of whether further integration in Europe will result in an environment where all citizens are guaranteed only certain basic social rights and are encouraged to take private financial responsibility for health care, pension provision and insurance. The nature of social insurance institutions, the problems of ageing populations and the backlash against increasing taxation are also considered. The authors conclude that the reduction of existing government debt in the context of the move towards European Monetary Union will require either considerable increases in taxation or a significant reduction in entitlements.This book will be required reading for scholars and students of economics, social and public politics, politics and public administration.

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This valauble book presents fresh perspectives on constitutional change in modern Britain. Each contributor - a leading authority in his particular field - focuses on an institution or aspect of the constitution and asks what has changed, why has it changed and what is likely to happen in the future. In conclusion, Philip Norton challenges the growing pressure for a new constitutional settlement. The British system of government, he argues, is under threat from a fragmentation of power: it needs to be protected not weakened. A new constitution offers the prospect of political inertia and failed expectations.The book will be essential and stimulating reading for both students and practitioners of British politics.

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In Firms, Strategies and Economic Change, Fu-Lai Tony Yu acknowledges the shortcomings of contemporary research on industrial organisation and strategy, while proposing a novel subjectivist approach to economic and management problems. Based largely on the works of Max Weber, Alfred Schutz, Ludwig von Mises and Frank H. Knight, this book develops the subjective interpretation framework to promote better understanding of entrepreneurship, industrial organisation and strategy, vertical integration, innovation, consumer behaviour, business cycles and institutional change more fully. The author also presents a new interpretation on the economics of Frank H. Knight and sheds light on the history of subjectivist economics. Adding new insights not only to economics but also to business, entrepreneurship and industrial organisation issues, this book will have a wide appeal to scholars of these areas as well as Austrian economists.

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Focusing on emerging technology regions of the US, Canada and Mexico, the authors provide an analysis of firms' innovative milieus in three contexts: national systems of innovation, knowledge regions and incubation mechanisms. An overview of the evolution of each region over the past quarter century is presented, along with an evaluation of the effectiveness of science parks and technology incubators in various regional and national environments.Though the three countries studied share the same continent and have well-developed trade relations, the significant differences between them in level of development, industrial infrastructure, education, and systems of innovation provide insight into the successes and failures of select knowledge regions. The authors find that areas with a solid industrial base benefit from, but do not necessarily require, formal technology incubation mechanisms to evolve into successful innovation poles. In contrast, remote regions with good research capacity, and those with an average industrial or research base, must develop an entrepreneurial culture and close cooperation between universities, industry and government with formal incubation mechanisms serving as focal points. Scholars of innovation systems, technology policy, entrepreneurship and regional development will find this fascinating study of great interest, as will science and technology policymakers, university officials and regional leaders.

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This incisive Research Handbook identifies and assesses the emerging trends in competition enforcement, investigating how such changes impact the enforcement approach of competition authorities and the behaviour of companies in an ever-evolving business and regulatory environment.Insightful contributions from experts in the field of competition enforcement law cover anticompetitive agreements, unilateral conduct, and merger control, as well as exploring topics such as algorithmic collusion, market power and data, big data, industrial policy, consumer welfare, common ownership, and competition enforcement in digital platforms. Combining academic, practitioner, and enforcer perspectives, this expansive Handbook sheds light on topical developments concerning competition enforcement, representing an expansion of existing enforcement practices. The Handbook concludes by considering how competition authorities could address the proliferating competition enforcement challenges arising from the appearance of new markets, novel business models, and technological developments. Bringing together unique perspectives on new trends affecting competition enforcement, this timely Handbook will prove invaluable to law firms with an international competition or merger law practice, as well as to economic consultants and competition and regulatory authorities. Comprehensive and accessible, its analysis of the latest developments and perspectives in competition enforcement establish the Handbook as essential reading material for scholars of law and business across the globe.

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Approaching the concept of Islamic constitutionalism from a comparative perspective, this thought-provoking study by Antoni Abat i Ninet and Mark Tushnet uses traditional Western political theory as a lens to develop a framework for analyzing the events known as the 'Arab Spring'.Writing with clarity and insight, the authors place Western and Arabic traditions into a constructive dialogue. They focus on whether we can develop a 'theory of revolutions' that helps us understand events occurring at divergent times at geographically separate locations. This question is meticulously analyzed through the detailed examination of specific developments relevant to the ideas of revolution and constitutionalism in several nations affected by the Arab Spring. Case studies focus on Morocco and Libya as examples of unsuccessful revolutions, as well as Tunisia and Egypt. These lead the authors to consider the nature of constitutionalism itself and the concept of illiberal but non-authoritarian constitutions: a particularly pressing concern given the prominent contemporary discussions of the role of shari'a in post-Arab Spring constitutions.The Arab Spring will offer new insights to scholars, researchers and students of law and the political sciences, in particular those focusing on theories of revolution, democracy, constitutional law, Islamic constitutionalism and legal theory.

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Over the last two decades or so, the field of comparative law has been increasingly interested in issues of globalisation and Eurocentrism. This book inscribes itself within the debates that have arisen on these issues and aims to provide a greater understanding of the ways in which the ''non-West'' is constructed in Euro-American comparative law. Approaching knowledge production from an interdisciplinary and critical perspective, the book puts emphasis on the governance implications of the field. It is argued that for more than a century an important part of comparative law has been animated in different ways by tensions between inclusion and exclusion. This dynamic is shown to operate through antinomies between the particular and the universal, between critiques and apologies of Western domination. The author approaches this as an opportunity to reflect further on the possibility of mobilizing the field's own promises in more productive ways. Modern Law and Otherness provides important insights for researchers interested in comparative law, critical theories and international law. Critical theorists interested in postcolonialism will also benefit from the author's analysis.

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Traditional measures of economic activity, such as GDP, take no account of damage done to the stock of natural capital by environmental change nor the loss of welfare that economic activity causes through increased pollution. This book predominantly addresses the second question and develops and expands on previous research by the authors (Markandya and Pavan, 1999). Using spatially desegregated data on measures of pollution to derive economic damage estimates, the main purpose of the book is to gauge the environmental damage sustained as a result of economic activities and to offer an insight into how the information generated can be used in conjunction with conventional economic accounts. The first few chapters review recent developments in both green accounting and pathway analysis. The book goes on to evaluate the progress made in estimating dose response functions and valuing environmental damages. The authors discuss the methodology used for the estimation of damages caused by ambient air pollution and the cost of defensive expenditures. They also present the results of the analysis and draw important policy conclusions for environmental accounting, particularly in the EU. This book will be essential reading for environmental economists, particularly those interested in issues of environmental accounting.

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In this carefully articulated investigation of the Walrasian general equilibrium model, the author sets forth one perception or explanation of how the microeconomy might operate. The focus is primarily on the behavior of individual consumers, firms and markets under perfectly competitive conditions and on the simultaneous interactions that occur among them. Central to his argument is that all of these elements fit together to form a unified whole for a complete, consistent, and cohesive picture of the perfectly competitive microeconomy.The book provides substantial discussion of the model's methodological background; returns to scale; the transformation surface and the fixed-factor-supply economy; existence, uniqueness, and stability of equilibria; the dynamics of market adjustments; methodological individualism and the theory of price determination; imperfectly competitive markets; welfare economics; and the role of money capital in the operation of the firm. The author suggests that the abandonment of general equilibrium theory by microeconomists is a mistake, and that it is too soon to give up on the possibility of constructing an adequate analysis of uniqueness, global stability, and price determination.Students and scholars of economics will find much of interest in this thorough exploration of the operation of the microeconomy.

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Europe is in a troubled state. The macroeconomic situation looks grim, national governments are close to dysfunction, and Europeans are facing austerity and relative decline. The one bright spot on the horizon is the potential for positive action at the level of the city and urban regions. In this book, the editors have assembled a collection of original contributions by scholars from Europe, North America and Asia who offer insights as to how local authorities in Europe might be able to chart a course for their city or urban region during this period of extraordinary difficulty. The volume begins with an Introduction, followed by a set of three papers in Part Two examining European urban competitiveness from the standpoints of measurement and policy. This section also provides a case study of the cities of one country - Italy - from which the reader can gain an understanding of the current position of European cities as well as what might be possible going forward. Experience has shown that perhaps the most crucial element in competitiveness enhancement is good and effective governance. To that end, Part Three examines structural aspects of urban government, including polycentric regions, wide metropolitan cooperation, the role of social actors and territorial aggregation. Part Four treats issues of innovation from two perspectives and provides a case study from Eindhoven, while also covering social issues such as demographics, participation, social exclusion and mobility. This set of scholarly reflections will be of considerable benefit to urban practitioners, researchers and students of public policy. Contributors: P. Canonico, C. Donolo, G. Hirsch, M.P. Iacono, D. Ietri, J.-L. Klein, P.K. Kresl, W.F. Lever, E. Mastropietro, D.J. Maurrasse, R. Mercurio, S. Micelli, S. Mollica, P. Ni, A.H.J. Otgaar, J. Shen, J. Sobrino, D.-G. Tremblay, L. van den Berg

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Schumpeter was an interdisciplinary political economist who made institutional transformation the centrepiece of his theory of supply and demand. This comprehensive monograph reconstructs and assesses Schumpeter's contribution to the restless economics of entrepreneurship, disequilibrium and search.Examining the evidence from all of Schumpeter's published work, the book fills a significant gap in the literature of economic thought. Partly because Schumpeter was so prolific, partly because he touched on so many interrelated topics, there have been few books that have sought to span the whole of this important author's influential insights. This volume will appeal to scholars, students and researchers who are interested in exploring the complexities of Schumpeter's vision and his intellectual system. It will be entirely accessible to non-evolutionary economists. Historians of economic thought will find this a valuable and novel interpretation of Schumpeter's work.

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This highly accessible book explains the theoretical, historical and political background of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), its impact and the debates surrounding its existence. In addition the authors provide a brief introduction to the theory of economic integration as well as a succinct overview of the evolution of the global economy, and the institutions that manage it, in the post World War II period.Key issues examined include: how and why NAFTA emerged in the early 1990s and its performance since implementation the economic development and commercial policy of each member country in the context of the rapidly changing global economy NAFTA's technical strengths and limitations the debates which still rage between its proponents and critics The team of US, Canadian and Mexican authors argue that while NAFTA has introduced novel social and environmental innovations in trade agreements, given Mexico's macroeconomic volatility, it provides a less than perfect approach for managing North America's rapidly expanding economic integration.North American Economic Integration can be used by a wide audience from students to professionals and academics from any discipline with an understanding of the basic principles of economics. Specifically, the book will be welcomed by students of international economics, political economy and international relations.

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This highly accessible book explains the theoretical, historical and political background of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), its impact and the debates surrounding its existence. In addition the authors provide a brief introduction to the theory of economic integration as well as a succinct overview of the evolution of the global economy, and the institutions that manage it, in the post World War II period.Key issues examined include: how and why NAFTA emerged in the early 1990s and its performance since implementation the economic development and commercial policy of each member country in the context of the rapidly changing global economy NAFTA's technical strengths and limitations the debates which still rage between its proponents and critics The team of US, Canadian and Mexican authors argue that while NAFTA has introduced novel social and environmental innovations in trade agreements, given Mexico's macroeconomic volatility, it provides a less than perfect approach for managing North America's rapidly expanding economic integration.North American Economic Integration can be used by a wide audience from students to professionals and academics from any discipline with an understanding of the basic principles of economics. Specifically, the book will be welcomed by students of international economics, political economy and international relations.

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The search for the key to economic growth has proved elusive and contentious. This book uses new empirical evidence to propose an integrated approach for achieving strong industrial and technological capabilities to form the basis for regional and national economic development.The authors use the experiences of countries in Europe and Latin America to show that socio-technical constituencies play a fundamental role in innovation based economic development at both a regional and national level. By blending insights from the industrial cluster and national innovation system approaches with the socio-technical constituencies approach, the authors successfully integrate long standing debates such as agency structure and micro-meso-macro analysis. The work is based both on a theoretical effort to build a new framework for economic growth, and on a number of concrete experiences from a number of countries in Europe and Latin America.Knowledge Flows in National Systems of Innovation will prove essential reading for scholars of innovation, technology and economic development.

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A political scientist and an urban architect explore China's odyssey to become an ecological civilization and transform its massive, unsustainable, urbanization process into one that creates hundreds of eco-cities. The resulting From Eco-Cities to Sustainable City-Regions is the first book-length study combining analysis of politics and power, urban design and planning issues derived from the co-authors' interdisciplinary research, and on-site fieldwork from their political science and architectural area specialties. Begun in 1986, little-known policy actions have taken shape in the building of 285 eco-cities--and growing. What are the driving forces of these innovative developments? How is China going about converting its teeming urban areas into replicable and showcase cities? Can these new policy initiatives overcome the damage done to its air, waterways, and land, while significantly reducing public health dangers to its inhabitants? In searching for means for the People s Republic of China to take the next step from eco-cities to sustainable city-regions, the co-authors assess the potential success of China's present course and offer key recommendations for Chinese political leaders, urban planners, and citizen stakeholders to make the transition to a sustainable future for its people and the rest of the world. The primary market for this book will be eco-researchers, Asian studies scholars and teachers, eco- and urban architects, environmental and urban policy professionals, and advanced undergraduates in environmental and sustainability studies or sciences programs. The interdisciplinary reach and critical framework of analysis will appeal to a wide variety of scholars interested in Chinese ecological strides and seeking a critical assessment of its potential.

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Demographic changes transform societies and challenge existing institutional solutions and policies. The need for policies addressing these challenges has increasingly been put on the agenda. The Making of Ageing Policy analyzes these innovative policy ideas and practices at both the international and the national level.The book provides insights into the value basis and justifications of ageing policies, the potential for conflict and how policy ideas are embedded in institutional defense and advocacy for institutional change and reform. In terms of policy ideas the economically focused 'productive ageing' dominates, but the book finds instances where the broader 'active ageing' approach has gained a hold in policymaking. Ageing policy reforms within pensions and labour market policy include measures to make people extend their working life. In long-term care reforms abound, and implies changes in the responsibility of financing and provision but the patterns across countries differ substantially.The authors provide normative analysis of ageing policy ideas, divulge political conflicts and consensus on ageing policy, and contribute by describing and analyzing the changing institutional landscape of ageing politics and policies throughout Europe. It will prove insightful for academics and researchers in the field, but it will also appeal to practitioners who are increasingly dealing with demographic challenges across a wide number of policy sectors in their daily affairs.Contributors include: M. Doyle, Z. Drozdzak, R. Ervik, L. Foster, I. Helgøy, N. Kildal, G. Lamura, T.S. Lindén, M.G. Melchiorre, E. Nilssen, J. Perek-Bialas, A. Principi, A. Ruzik-Sierdzinska, C. Schiller, V. Timonen, K. Turek, A. Walker

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Ecosystems and Nature brings together the work of leading authorities in biodiversity research. It provides readers with a broad interdisciplinary perspective on the major issues in biodiversity, including economics, natural science, management and ethics.The collection is divided into four main sections: part I introduces some fundamental scientific and socio-economic concepts and analysis in order to illustrate the complexities involved in the human-ecosystems interface; part II deals with the valuation of ecosystems with special emphasis on the main biomes, faults, wetlands, marine systems, grasslands and agriculture; part III covers the problem of value appropriation and the relevant constraints and available policy instruments; the final section focuses on the difficult ethical issues that surround utilization and conservation of biodiversity.

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Work, Family and Childcare studies the joint decisions made by parents regarding the time they allocate to paid employment and childcare. Extensive cross-national data is analysed from three countries that represent the diversity of European households: Belgium, Denmark and Spain. The book compares and contrasts the results and draws out important implications for European social policy.Among Belgian and Danish couples, the author identifies a variety of ways in which the responsibility of childcare is handled. In certain cases both partners will invest considerable time and effort in looking after the child, whereas in other couples one parent will compensate for their partner's lack of time. He also demonstrates that childcare considerations dominate parental decision-making. This is evident not only in a country such as Spain which lacks childcare facilities, but also in Denmark which, relatively speaking, provides an abundance of childcare services. Importantly, the author finds that joint preferences tend to result in either work-centred or care-centred couples, which poses new challenges for policymakers. He argues that future policy initiatives regarding the relationship between 'work and care' should focus on parental diversity and help parents to balance care responsibilities and employment according to their preferencesThis superb new book combines econometric analysis and social policy insights to address an issue of increasing importance to a growing number of people. It will appeal to a broad international audience including economists, sociologists and social policy researchers. It will also be of value to students on a range of courses concerned with family or household economics.

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This book makes a rational and eloquent case for the closer integration of ethics and economics. It expands upon themes concerned with esteem, self-esteem, emotional bonding between agents, expressive concerns, and moral requirements. Economists have long assumed that 'value' and 'price' are synonymous and interchangeable. The authors show how disregarding this false assumption and adopting an interdisciplinary approach could improve the economics profession by distinguishing economic values from ethical values. Replete with discussions that will challenge conventional economics, this book offers a corrective argument against the rigid separation of agents' motivation and the purely normative aspects of economic analysis. The various contributions explore the different dimensions at the frontier between the rational and the moral in political economy, ethics and philosophy. Containing a variety of cross-border analyses, this innovative book will be a must-read for economists, political scientists and philosophers. It will also be an invaluable resource for students in the fields of economics and philosophy.

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This book will be of interest to all those concerned with the EU, whether from the perspective of political science, law or economics. Under the shadow of the financial crisis, studies with a broad research perspective and contributors from diverse backgrounds are important.'- Paul Craig, St John s College, Oxford'The European Union is re-emerging from the most serious economic crisis in its history. The agenda of the European Commission was highly influenced by the decisions to handle the debt, euro, banking and financial crises. The Union and its single currency have become much stronger. Economic law and governance in the Union are now rather different. By reading this book you will see where and how.'- Siim Kallas, Former Vice President of the European Commission 2004-2014How has the EU's economic crisis affected the development of economic law in the Union? This book contributes to the debate by examining EU economic law from a contextual and policy-oriented perspective.The expert authors explore areas such as the EMU and the internal market, and emphasize the important fields of public procurement, taxation, and intellectual property rights. The investigation proceeds along themes such as harmonization, institutional interplay, non-economic values, and international actions. The authors conclude that, during the crisis, the attention of the Barroso Commission focused quite narrowly on the most urgent problems, failing to consider longer-term issues to spark off bold policy endeavours, and break inter-institutional blockages.This book is targeted at scholars, policy-makers and other practitioners, as well as students, interested in EU economic law, integration, and the economic crisis.Contributors: J. Faull, C. Geiger, F. Hoffmeister, M.S. Jansson, H. Kalimo, T. Lahti, I. Lejeune, M. Meulenbelt, K. Olkkonen, J. Salminen, A. Strub, J. Strupczewski, J. Vaario

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This is a thorough and comprehensive study - both in terms of country coverage and in-depth analysis - covering the economic development of all the major economies in the Asian continent, namely China, India, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore.Before embarking on analyses of different aspects of economic growth and development of these countries, the authors present a thought-provoking analysis of how institutional factors such as geography, history of religion, culture and political governance have been deeply interwoven with development dynamics to shape the growth and development trajectory that each country has subsequently followed. Each country’s development path consequently appeared almost be pre-determined. Japan’s role as the lead-country in technology transfer under the flying-geese pattern of development is discussed, however the emphasis has shifted of late to China, India, Korea, Malaysia and Singapore. The authors also propose that instead of discussing the failure of India to catch up with China in growth and development outcomes, economists should be commenting on whether China, bestowed with India’s highly decentralized democratic governance structure and institutional rigidities, would have been able to achieve the same results as that of India. Only then will a true understanding and appreciation of India’s achievements in economic growth and development emerge.Economic Development in China, India and East Asia will be warmly welcomed and appreciated by academics and researchers of international and development economics as well as Asian development and economics. Policy makers and those involved in NGOs in the development and aid arenas will also find this of great interest.

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This book offers a novel insight into the economic dynamics of modern biotechnology, using examples from Europe to reflect global trends. The authors apply theoretical insight to a fundamental enigma of the modern learning society, namely, how and why the development of knowledge and ideas interact with market processes and the formation of industries and firms. This book offers new empirical evidence to address such questions by studying the diversity of biotechnology in Europe. By analysing the way in which the development of new knowledge and information is linked with economic transformation, the authors are able to provide a rich theoretical understanding of the economic dynamics of knowledge within the biotechnology sector. They clearly show how innovation opportunities are affected not just by the market, but by scientific developments, networks, institutions and government policy. They also raise important theoretical questions about how and why new industries, networks and organizations are shaped, and highlight the development and impacts of biotechnology on many existing sectors, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture and insurance. The final chapter summarizes the theoretical challenges which have been overcome and identifies future areas for research.The Economic Dynamics of Modern Biotechnology will become essential reading for students, scholars and researchers of the management and economics of innovation, business strategy, industrial organization, the theory of the firm, the economics of technological change, and regional studies. It will also appeal to a wider political and business audience such as government policymakers and managers of biotechnology firms.

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aa magnificently rich, highly critical, at times deeply challenging and troubling, and perhaps even paradigm-shifting, collection of works that has been authored by some of the most progressive and interrogative scholars of our time. In their analysis, none of the contributors take anything for granted; they relentlessly push against parochial closures that obscure the possible contours of a re-imagined relationship between human rights and the environment. The book ultimately succeeds in offering a new juridical imaginary for those of us who are concerned with the deeply troubled and complex relationship between human rights and the environment.'- Louis J. Kotzé, North-West University, South Africa, University of Lincoln, UK and Global Network for the Study of Human Rights and the EnvironmentIn the climate-pressed Anthropocene epoch, nothing could be more urgent than fresh engagements with the fractious relationships between 'humanity', law and the living order. This timely book intelligently combines theoretical reflections, doctrinal analyses and insights drawn from rights-based praxis to offer thoughtful - and at times provocative - engagements with the limitations of law as it faces the complexities of contemporary socio-ecological life-worlds in an age of climate crisis.Leading scholars in the field discuss, in four parts, Philosophical Investigations, Reconfiguring the Legal, Activism and Praxis, and Multi-level Reformulations, to offer imaginative intellectual engagements with a range of challenges vexing the human-environmental-legal 'interface'.Scholars and students of human rights and environmental law and practitioners in the field alike will find the book to be a timely and thoughtful engagement with urgent human dilemmas.Contributors: D. Bollier, L. Code, S. Coyle, K. Donald, G.N. Gill, E. Grant, A. Grear, T. Kerns, A. Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, M. Pieraccini, B.H. Weston

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This book is the first attempt to systematically introduce the aspect of time into economic and environmental innovation policy. The authors demonstrate how 'windows of opportunity' for technological innovations emerge and also explain how they can be identified and effectively exploited. Technological innovations are widely considered as an opportunity to realise a double dividend - protect the environment and increase profits by introducing a more sustainable technology. However, intervention by the state is often needed to overcome the competitive disadvantage caused by externalities, path dependency and lock-in. The authors provide extensive evidence that this resistance to technological change is subject to substantial temporal variation. They argue that it is economically and politically sensible to identify periods of time in which resistance is weakest and to exploit these 'windows of opportunity' whenever and wherever they occur. They also highlight how time strategies for innovation policy can involve the preparation and creation of 'windows' which do not yet exist. Throughout the book, they use an array of varied and interesting case studies to confirm and illustrate their theoretical findings. These address issues such as CFC phase-out, the lean-burn engine versus the catalytic converter, ecological alternatives to chemical pesticides and the zero emission vehicle mandate in California. By exploring the relationship between time strategies and technological change, this book will undoubtedly lead to a more efficient and sustainable innovation policy. It will be required reading for academics, researchers and policymakers working in the fields of environmental innovation, sustainability, technology policy and political science.

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