Search results for ""currency""

Join the technological revolution that's taking the financial world by storm. Mastering Bitcoin is your guide through the seemingly complex world of Bitcoin, providing the knowledge you need to participate in the internet of money. Whether you're building the next killer app, investing in a startup, or simply curious about the technology, this revised and expanded third edition provides essential detail to get you started. Bitcoin, the first successful decentralized digital currency, has already spawned a multibillion-dollar global economy open to anyone with the knowledge and passion to participate. Mastering Bitcoin provides the knowledge. You supply the passion. The third edition includes: A broad introduction to Bitcoin and its underlying blockchain-ideal for nontechnical users, investors, and business executives An explanation of Bitcoin's technical foundation and cryptographic currency for developers, engineers, and software and systems architects Details of the Bitcoin decentralized network, peer-to-peer architecture, transaction lifecycle, and security principles New developments such as Taproot, Tapscript, Schnorr signatures, and the Lightning Network A deep dive into Bitcoin applications, including how to combine the building blocks offered by this platform into powerful new tools User stories, analogies, examples, and code snippets illustrating key technical concepts

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The formation of an economic and monetary union among twelve of Europe's leading economies is the most exciting experiment in modern political economics. Can a single monetary policy satisfy the needs of twelve very different countries? Does the establishment of a European central bank herald the emergence of a new, more federal European Union? Will Europe's new single currency, the euro, come to rival the dollar for world leadership? Or will the euro collapse as conflicts between participating countries work to tear the European economic and monetary union apart? The Politics of Economic and Monetary Union offers surprising answers to these questions. By focusing attention on who wins and who loses from the creation of the euro, Erik Jones argues that the diversity of participating countries is a strength rather than a weakness, that Europe's single currency helps to maintain such diversity rather than to eliminate it, and that while the euro may never rival the dollar it is nevertheless unlikely to fall apart. As long as the politics of EMU differs from one country to the next, the monetary union is unlikely to face concerted or destabilizing opposition. Thus, the book concludes, EMU should be as difficult to dismantle as it was to create. This clearly written textbook provides a comprehensive exploration of the formation of an economic and monetary union among twelve of Europe's leading countries, the most exciting experiment in modern political economics. Erik Jones charts the embattled history of this extraordinarily project, explains the reasons it developed, and assesses how the controversies surrounding it may evolve in the future. Can a single monetary policy satisfy the needs of twelve very different countries? Does the establishment of a European central bank herald the emergence of a new, more federal European Union? Will Europe's new single currency, the euro, come to rival the dollar for world leadership? Or will the euro collapse as conflicts between participating countries work to tear the European economic and monetary union apart? The Politics of Economic and Monetary Union offers surprising answers to these questions. By focusing attention on who wins and who loses from the creation of the euro, Erik Jones argues that the diversity of participating countries is a strength rather than a weakness, that Europe's single currency helps to maintain such diversity rather that to eliminate it, and that while the euro may never rival the dollar it is nevertheless unlikely to fall apart.

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Investment Mathematics provides an introductory analysis of investments from a quantitative viewpoint, drawing together many of the tools and techniques required by investment professionals. Using these techniques, the authors provide simple analyses of a number of securities including fixed interest bonds, equities, index-linked bonds, foreign currency and derivatives. The book concludes with coverage of other applications, including modern portfolio theory, portfolio performance measurement and stochastic investment models.

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Title 12 presents regulations governing banking procedures and activities of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Export-Import Bank, Office of Thrift Supervision, Farm Credit Administration, and the National Credit Union Administration. It also contains regulations pertaining to other types of banking operations. Additions and revisions to this section of the code are posted annually by January. Publication follows within six months.

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A thousand-year history of how China’s obsession with silver influenced the country’s financial well-being, global standing, and political stability"A wonderful book for understanding one thousand years of Chinese monetary history."--Debin Ma, Hitotsubashi University This revelatory account of the ways in which silver shaped Chinese history shows how an obsession with “white metal” held China back from financial modernization. First used as currency during the Song dynasty in around 900 CE, silver gradually became central to China’s economic framework and was officially monetized in the middle of the Ming dynasty during the sixteenth century. However, due to the early adoption of paper money in China, silver was not formed into coins but became a cumbersome “weighing currency,” for which ingots had to be constantly examined for weight and purity—an unwieldy practice that lasted for centuries. Jin Xu argues that even as China’s interest in silver spurred new avenues of trade and helped increase the country’s global economic footprint, in the long run silver played a key role in the struggles and entanglements that led to the decline of the Chinese empire.

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The remarkable discoveries of over 300 new varieties of local copper currency from the Sakra region in northwestern Pakistan, covering a 700-year period, have opened up new vistas in the study of Gandhara in late antiquity. This monograph introduces the native Sakra copper coinage, which can be dated from ca. 500 to 1100, corresponding to the Nezak, Turk Shahi, Hindu Shahi, and Ghaznavid periods.

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Note: This is the standalone book Ideal for undergraduates with little or no science background, Earth Science provides a student-friendly overview of our physical environment that offers balanced, up-to-date coverage of geology, oceanography, astronomy, and meteorology. The authors’ texts have always been recognized for their readability, currency, dynamic art program, delivery of basic principles and instructor flexibility. The Fifteenth Edition incorporates a new active learning approach, a fully updated and mobile visual program.

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At a time when references to things 'global' have gained more currency than ever, this book explores the nexus of power and space behind the politics of geographical scale. Explores the nexus of power and space behind the rescaling of contemporary social, economic and political life. Organized into three sections on theorizing scale, the discourses and rhetorics of scale, and scales of activism. Will stimulate discussion about how conceptions and visions of scale inform all aspects of social life.

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M: Business is designed to be brief, highly visual, and flexible for today's digital and entrepreneurial students.? Its unique design and approach enable instructors to cover topics at the depth they desire with an unrivaled mixture of exciting, fresh content and resources to support active learning. M: Business represents a great value in the brief Introduction to Business market with a focus on currency, accuracy, and a robust teaching and learning package via McGraw Hill Connect. 

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Vol. 29 of the American Journal of Numismatics featuring articles on the silver coinage of Manbog, the Damaskos mint of Alexander the Great, numismatic material from late third-century contexts at Morgantina, the Antiochene coinage of Trajan Decius, Visigothic Tremisses from Theudis to Leovigild, Hedlinger's rouble, the Bahmani currency reform of the early fifteent century, and the general issue ten-cash coins of the Republic of China.

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In Fly Fishing the Yucatan, Rod Hamilton offers nitty gritty specifics for the angler, including details such as exactly what rods, lines, reels and flies are must-haves, a battle plan for walking a flat and a course in presenting to and successfully plucking out fish in the most complex situations. Also included is advice for the intrepid adventurer on safety, communications, currency and exchanges (forget credit cards in true rural areas), licenses, seasons, and much more.

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In the space of a few years, Bitcoin has gone from an idea ignored or maligned by almost everyone to an asset with a market cap of more than $12 billion. Venture capital firms, Goldman Sachs, the New York Stock Exchange, and billionaires such as Richard Branson and Peter Thiel have invested more than $1 billion in companies built on this groundbreaking technology. Bill Gates has even declared it ‘better than currency’. The pioneers of Bitcoin were twenty-first-century outlaws – cryptographers, hackers, Free Staters, ex-cons and drug dealers, teenage futurists and self-taught entrepreneurs – armed with a renegade ideology and a grudge against big government and big banks. Now those same institutions are threatening to co-opt or curtail the impact of digital currency. But the pioneers, some of whom have become millionaires themselves, aren’t going down without a fight. Sweeping and provocative, How Money Got Free reveals how this disruptive technology is shaping the debate around competing ideas of money and liberty, and what that means for our future.

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Fakes and counterfeits have existed since ancient times; and while the methods of forgery have surely advanced, so has the science necessary to identify them. Currency, art, and historical artifacts are only a few of the objects commonly forged; and scientists in forensic laboratories throughout the world work alongside artists, museums, linguists, and historians to authenticate these items. How to Identify a Forgery investigates how modern computers, printers, and scanners have presented new challenges for scientists and how objects suspected of being faked, forged, or fraudulent are examined forensically.How to Identify a Forgery contains information on:• Counterfeiting currency• Electronic and digital signatures• Dating ink• Dyes and pigments• Forging art• Handwriting analysis• Scientific methodology• Visual examination and microscopyHow to Identify a Forgery contains illustrations, a glossary, and a detailed list of print and web resources. Sidebars on notable cases and pressing forensics issues throughout reinforce the text. Essential for students, teachers, collectors, and investigators who require information on proper forensic science practices, Dr. Bell’s book is as fascinating as it is useful.

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A year’s anthology of South Africa’s best political cartoons, this hilarious compilation also narrates the story of the country’s epic hosting of the FIFA World Cup. Corruption scandals, counterfeit currency, dodgy judges, eco-disasters, lifestyle audits, paternity scandals, and all the usual gaffes and catastrophes are momentarily sidelined by a month of deafening soccer madness. An interesting reexamination of South African society, this unique chronicle covers all of 2010’s notable occurrences.

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Newly arrived in Pazzio, the traveling merchant Lawrence and his companion, Holo the Wisewolf, are poised to turn a huge profit on a currency scheme. But when the deal goes sour and Holo is abducted, will Lawrence's dreams of earning enough to become a proper town merchant fade? Or can this meek merchant devise a new strategy to rescue both his profits and the girl before Holo is delivered to the hands of the Church?

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Title 12 presents regulations governing banking procedures and activities of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Export-Import Bank, Office of Thrift Supervision, Farm Credit Administration, and the National Credit Union Administration. It also contains regulations pertaining to other types of banking operations. Additions and revisions to this section of the code are posted annually by January. Publication follows within six months.

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Title 12 presents regulations governing banking procedures and activities of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Export-Import Bank, Office of Thrift Supervision, Farm Credit Administration, and the National Credit Union Administration. It also contains regulations pertaining to other types of banking operations. Additions and revisions to this section of the code are posted annually by January. Publication follows within six months.

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Intimate Relationships is a comprehensive survey of relationship science that draws on social psychology, communication studies, family studies, sociology, clinical psychology, neuroscience, demography, and economics. The ninth edition has unmatched currency and breadth. It has new or substantially expanded treatment of gender, sexual orientation, consensual non-monogamy, and transgenders’ relationships. It speaks to, and includes, everyone. From back burner relationships to stealthing and selfishness and on to humility and life history theory, everything new and cutting-edge in relationship science is here.

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Reliable, authoritative, and designed to ease grammar anxiety!Words are the currency of every business transaction. They persuade, inspire, educate, and clarify. Essential Grammar for Business offers guidance to professionals perplexed by proper comma placement, dangling modifiers, or the difference between who and whom. With a better understanding of the building blocks, readers will be better equipped to focus on the other ingredients of good business writing such as content, clarity, and style. This book is fun, fast-paced, and easy to use.

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The Devastation, a performance novel or poem, is based on the fallibility of a single image: a sea-wreck in language, the lovers on the floor of the sea, a sea of poetry, current, currency, connection—the world. How do we value "impoverished speech" or try to find abundance in impoverishment? A narrative that stems from "an image that is never exhausted" whose affect pervades the function of the whole, The Devastation is a lyric exploration of relation and community.

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Masterfully researched, and written in a straightforward style, Buy Gold Now makes a case for buying gold as protection against the rising risks of an unprecedented global currency crisis and as a profitable investment vehicle. Divided into five comprehensive parts, this reliable resource examines our country’s current financial situation from a historical perspective and addresses some of the alarming issues that many economists are currently pointing to with concern.

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Title 12 presents regulations governing banking procedures and activities of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Export-Import Bank, Office of Thrift Supervision, Farm Credit Administration, and the National Credit Union Administration. It also contains regulations pertaining to other types of banking operations. Additions and revisions to this section of the code are posted annually by January. Publication follows within six months.

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Title 12 presents regulations governing banking procedures and activities of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Export-Import Bank, Office of Thrift Supervision, Farm Credit Administration, and the National Credit Union Administration. It also contains regulations pertaining to other types of banking operations. Additions and revisions to this section of the code are posted annually by January. Publication follows within six months.

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For half a century, the United States has garnered substantial political and economic benefits as a result of the dollar's de facto role as a global currency. In recent years, however, the dollar's preponderant position in world markets has come under challenge. The dollar has been more volatile than ever against foreign currencies, and various nations have switched to non-dollar instruments in their transactions. China and the Arab Gulf states continue to hold massive amounts of U.S. government obligations, in effect subsidizing U.S. current account deficits, and those holdings are a point of potential vulnerability for American policy. What is the future of the U.S. dollar as an international currency? Will predictions of its demise end up just as inaccurate as those that have accompanied major international financial crises since the early 1970s? Analysts disagree, often profoundly, in their answers to these questions. In The Future of the Dollar, leading scholars of dollar's international role bring multidisciplinary perspectives and a range of contrasting predictions to the question of the dollar's future. This timely book provides readers with a clear sense of why such disagreements exist and it outlines a variety of future scenarios and the possible political implications for the United States and the world.

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The colorful history of paper money before the Civil War Before Civil War greenbacks and a national bank network established a uniform federal currency in the United States, the proliferation of loosely regulated banks saturated the early American republic with upwards of 10,000 unique and legal bank notes. This number does not even include the plethora of counterfeit bills and the countless shinplasters of questionable legality issued by unregulated merchants, firms, and municipalities. Adding to the chaos was the idiosyncratic method for negotiating their value, an often manipulative face-to-face discussion consciously separated from any haggling over the price of the work, goods, or services for sale. In Bank Notes and Shinplasters, Joshua R. Greenberg shows how ordinary Americans accumulated and wielded the financial knowledge required to navigate interpersonal bank note transactions. Locating evidence of Americans grappling with their money in fiction, correspondence, newspapers, printed ephemera, government documents, legal cases, and even on the money itself, Greenberg argues Americans, by necessity, developed the ability to analyze the value of paper financial instruments, assess the strength of banking institutions, and even track legislative changes that might alter the rules of currency circulation. In his examination of the doodles, calculations, political screeds, and commercial stamps that ended up on bank bills, he connects the material culture of cash to financial, political, and intellectual history. The book demonstrates that the shift from state-regulated banks and private shinplaster producers to federally authorized paper money in the Civil War era led to the erasure of the skill, knowledge, and lived experience with banking that informed debates over economic policy. The end result, Greenberg writes, has been a diminished public understanding of how currency and the financial sector operate in our contemporary era, from the 2008 recession to the rise of Bitcoin.

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For half a century, the United States has garnered substantial political and economic benefits as a result of the dollar's de facto role as a global currency. In recent years, however, the dollar's preponderant position in world markets has come under challenge. The dollar has been more volatile than ever against foreign currencies, and various nations have switched to non-dollar instruments in their transactions. China and the Arab Gulf states continue to hold massive amounts of U.S. government obligations, in effect subsidizing U.S. current account deficits, and those holdings are a point of potential vulnerability for American policy. What is the future of the U.S. dollar as an international currency? Will predictions of its demise end up just as inaccurate as those that have accompanied major international financial crises since the early 1970s? Analysts disagree, often profoundly, in their answers to these questions. In The Future of the Dollar, leading scholars of dollar's international role bring multidisciplinary perspectives and a range of contrasting predictions to the question of the dollar's future. This timely book provides readers with a clear sense of why such disagreements exist and it outlines a variety of future scenarios and the possible political implications for the United States and the world.

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John Midas is a financial genius. For years he's made a killing on the stock market. He's one of the richest men on earth - and on Wall Street, he's a legend. The only thing he loves more than money is his daughter, who lives a simple life away from his gold-plated world. Now Midas has his eye set on Brazil and its currency-but fate may not let him pull off his scheme without extracting a steep price.

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Many scientists regard mass and energy as the primary currency of nature. In recent years, however, the concept of information has gained importance. Why? In this book, eminent scientists, philosophers and theologians chart various aspects of information, from quantum information to biological and digital information, in order to understand how nature works. Beginning with a historical treatment of the topic, the book also examines physical and biological approaches to information, and its philosophical, theological and ethical implications.

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Power is a loaded word. It shouldn't be. It's the currency we trade in today and we all need it. Knowing how it works, how to get it and how to use it can make life much easier. From power in relationships to power in families to power in society to power in the workplace, The Power Book will teach you how to be a more powerful person and how to use that power wisely.

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This timely and original study transforms our understanding of the relationship between art and economics Bearing witness to the changing economic landscape amid the Cold War, artists in the 1960s created works that critiqued, reshaped, and sometimes reinforced the spirit of capitalism. At a time when currency and finance were becoming ever more abstracted—and the art market increasingly an arena for speculation—artists on both sides of the Atlantic turned to economic themes, often grounded in a human context. The Artist as Economist examines artists who approached these issues in critical, imaginative, and humorous ways: Andy Warhol and Larry Rivers incorporated the iconography of printed currency into their paintings, while Ray Johnson sought to disrupt and reinvent circuits of commerce with his mail art collages. Yves Klein and Edward Kienholz critiqued conceptions of artistic and monetary value, as Lee Lozano and Dennis Oppenheim engaged directly with the New York Stock Exchange. Such examples, which author Sophie Cras insightfully situates within their historic economic context, reveal capitalism’s visual dimension. As art and economics grow more entangled, this volume offers a timely consideration of art’s capacity to reflect on and reimagine economic systems.

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This series focuses on topics such as international financial markets, pricing options on foreign assets and the ECU as the financing currency. This volume includes a section on European acquisitions by French banks, strategies and the European financial structure. Other areas covered include: regulatory taxes; investment and financing decisions for insured banks; free trade and the European financial structure; and a critical reexamination of the return geneship process of the arbitrage pricing theory.

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Money isn't just coins, bank notes or clamshells; it is more than a store of value or unit of payment. It's an idea, a transformative player in how we view, cope, and harmonise with the world. Money isn't just what makes the world go around; it is largely what makes each of us go around.In Coined, Kabir Sehgal travels the world while presenting a multidimensional portrait of currency through the ages. He explores the origin of exchange in the Galapagos Islands, searches for hoards of coins from an ancient civilization in Bangladesh, and learns about the art that appears on money from coin collectors in Vietnam. He takes you from the vaults beneath the Federal Reserve in New York to a beehive where pollen can be understood as a natural form of exchange. He details the birth of money, to its place in our culture, to how the obsession for it can lead to death and destruction, all the while mixing engaging and entertaining stories from the front lines of global currency exchange with extensive, thoughtful research. The story of money is rich and varied because it is our story.

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A primer on the currency alternative that's changing the world Bitcoin can be a bit puzzling to the uninitiated. Ledger? Blockchain? Mining? These cryptocurrency concepts aren't going away, and there are tremendous opportunities for those with some know-how to get onboard with the crypto culture. Bitcoin For Dummies helps you get un-puzzled, learn the Bitcoin basics, and discover the possibilities in the new world of digital currencies. With this 100% new edition, you can step into the fascinating culture of cryptocurrency and learn how to use Bitcoin as a currency or an investment vehicle. A little bit of knowledge will go a long way, and you’ll be ready to sail smoothly ahead as the crypto tsunami advances. Demystify Bitcoin and learn how to buy and sell cryptocurrency Create a digital wallet and make everyday purchases using Bitcoin Discover the ins and outs of investing in Bitcoin and other up-and-coming cryptocurrencies Participate in the cutting-edge culture of crypto Bitcoin For Dummies is great for beginning Bitcoin users and investors who need to know the basics about getting started with Bitcoin and cryptocurrency.

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This important volume presents key contributions to the study of financial crises from many different areas of economics. The book offers an economic history of financial crises, empirical studies of crises in the modern era, and classic works on the theory of banking crises. It also covers specialized topics, with sections on currency crises and financial contagion. Undergraduate students of money, banking, macroeconomics and financial crises alike will find this collection to be an invaluable overview of a critical area of study.

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Updated every five years, the series represents the optimal compromise between currency and a sufficient body of material for cohesive and comprehensive treatment in a monograph. Provides a quick yet thorough overview of the synthetic routines that have been used to access specific classes of therapeutic agents. Materials are organized by chemical class, and syntheses are taken back to available starting materials. Discusses disease state, rational for method of drug therapy, biological activities of each compound and preparation. Coverage also includes those generic pharmaceutical compounds not accorded clinical status. A glossary defines biological terms.

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A concise introduction to financial risk management strategies, policies, and techniques This ideal guide for business professionals focuses on strategic and management issues associated with financial risk. Essentials of Financial Risk Management identifies risk-mitigation policies and strategies; suggestions for determining an organization's risk tolerance; and sources of risk associated with currency exchange rates, interest rates, credit exposure, commodity prices, and other related events. Examples illustrate risk scenarios and offer tips on an array of management alternatives, including changes in the way business is conducted and hedging strategies involving derivatives.

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Updated every five years, the series represents the optimal compromise between currency and a sufficient body of material for cohesive and comprehensive treatment in a monograph. Provides a quick yet thorough overview of the synthetic routines that have been used to access specific classes of therapeutic agents. Materials are organized by chemical class, and syntheses are taken back to available starting materials. Discusses disease state, rational for method of drug therapy, biological activities of each compound and preparation. Coverage also includes those generic pharmaceutical compounds not accorded clinical status. A glossary defines biological terms.

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Nickels/McHugh/McHugh, Understanding Business is a market-leading product that meets the needs of nearly all classrooms, no matter the size, teaching modality or learning objectives. The content is unmatched in depth, breadth, currency and relevancy, and is presented in an extremely readable format for students with all learning styles. A wealth of technology solutions through McGraw Hill Connect engages students, enriches learning, furthers understanding, and simplifies instructors' assessment processes. Understanding Business is the Gold Standard in teaching resources with course supplements tightly aligned with chapter concepts to enhance retention and boost student engagement.  

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The high school prodigies have secured the Republic of Elm's place in the world by issuing their new currency, but before they can even catch their breath from dealing with the last international crisis, a new one arises in the form of the conquered Yamato Empire's Princess Kaguya. When she pleads for the salvation of her country from the Freyjagard Empire under the pretense of the Seven Luminaries' hallowed ideal of "equality for all," the prodigies may have no choice but to renew tensions with their former foe...

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Henry Pulling, a retired bank manager, meets his septuagenarian Aunt Augusta for the first time in over fifty years at his mother's funeral. Soon after, she persuades Henry to abandon Southwood, his dahlias and the Major next door to travel her way, through Brighton, Paris, Istanbul, Paraguay... Accompanying his aunt, Henry joins a shiftless, twilight society: mixing with hippies, war criminals, CIA men; smoking pot, breaking all the currency regulations and eventually coming alive after a dull suburban lifetime.

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This volume is the first comprehensive look at Syrian coin hoards and contains a catalogue of every coin hoard discovered in what is now modern Syria through 2010. Duyrat explores the definitions of "hoard" and "treasure", explores the circulation of currency in the ancient Levant, and considers excavation coins as well as the phenomenon of coin hoard discoveries during times of regional conflict. This is essential reading for anyone seriously interested in the origin of coin hoards in Syria, and how war effects the archaeological record, specifically through the lens of numismatics.

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Updated every five years, the series represents the optimal compromise between currency and a sufficient body of material for cohesive and comprehensive treatment in a monograph. Provides a quick yet thorough overview of the synthetic routines that have been used to access specific classes of therapeutic agents. Materials are organized by chemical class, and syntheses are taken back to available starting materials. Discusses disease state, rational for method of drug therapy, biological activities of each compound and preparation. Coverage also includes those generic pharmaceutical compounds not accorded clinical status. A glossary defines biological terms.

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Updated every five years, the series represents the optimal compromise between currency and a sufficient body of material for cohesive and comprehensive treatment in a monograph. Provides a quick yet thorough overview of the synthetic routines that have been used to access specific classes of therapeutic agents. Materials are organized by chemical class, and syntheses are taken back to available starting materials. Discusses disease state, rational for method of drug therapy, biological activities of each compound and preparation. Coverage also includes those generic pharmaceutical compounds not accorded clinical status. A glossary defines biological terms.

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A unified development of the subject, presenting the theory of options in each of the different forms and stressing the equivalence between each of the methodologies. * Demystifies some of the more complex topics. * Derives practical, tangible results using the theory, to help practitioners in problem solving. * Applies the results obtained to the analysis and pricing of options in the equity, currency, commodity and interest rate markets. * Gives the reader the analytical tools and technical jargon to understand the current technical literature available. * Provides a user-friendly reference on option theory for practicing investors and traders.

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The advent of digital stablecoins and the continuing decline of cash are prompting central banks across the world to explore developing their own digital currencies. Although few have launched so far, the potential for central bank digital currency (CBDC) promises a revolution in banking. Michael Lloyd considers the opportunities and threats that the arrival of CBDCs will have for commercial banking and the world’s monetary system. The choices facing central banks regarding the use, design and technology of digital currencies are examined as well as the potential impacts on consumer security and privacy.

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The Countries of the World in Minutes is the quickest way to understand the modern world and every country in it.For each of the 195 officially recognised countries of the world, a mini-essay clearly and concisely explains its key history, characteristics and social and political structures. Alongside, an outline map shows each country's global location, main geographic features and capital city, whilst a table of essential data details its population, political system, languages, major religions, currency, gross domestic product, main industries, and much more.Illustrated with 195 up-to-date country maps.

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The 1944 Bretton Woods conference created new institutions for international economic governance. Though flawed, the system led to a golden age in postwar reconstruction, sustained economic growth, job creation, and postcolonial development. Yet financial liberalization since the 1970s has involved deregulation and globalization, which have exacerbated instability, rather than sustained growth. In addition, the failure of Bretton Woods to provide a reserve currency enabled the dollar to fill the void, which has contributed to periodic, massive U.S. trade deficits. Our latest global financial crisis, in which all these weaknesses played a part, underscores how urgently we must reform the international financial system. Prepared for the G24 research program, a consortium of developing countries focused on financial issues, this volume argues that such reforms must be developmental. Chapters review historical trends in global liquidity, financial flows to emerging markets, and the food crisis, identifying the systemic flaws that contributed to the recent downturn. They challenge the effectiveness of recent policy and suggest criteria for regulatory reform, keeping in mind the different circumstances, capacities, and capabilities of various economies. Essays follow ongoing revisions in international banking standards, the improved management of international capital flows, the critical role of the World Trade Organization in liberalizing and globalizing financial services, and the need for international tax cooperation. They also propose new global banking and reserve currency arrangements.

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East Asia's Monetary Future is an illuminating and valuable work which uniquely focuses on a long-term monetary view of the region. There are multiple and varied future scenarios which can be applied to this region - an enlarged Singapore-Brunei currency area, a greater China monetary bloc and even a Northeast Asian bloc comprising Japan and Korea.Leading scholars from East Asia, Europe and the US contribute valuable new insights to the key questions facing the organization and future of the monetary system in East Asia. Central questions discussed and analysed in the book include, amongst others: should the region move towards monetary union? Should countries peg their exchange rates to the US dollar? Is complete dollarization an option for East Asia? The authors argue that, having realized price stability over the last twenty years, in contrast to Latin America and Africa, the next logical step would be the gradual formation of various currency blocs within the region. This comprehensive discussion of the fundamental issues at stake will ensure the book's appeal to academics and researchers of Asian studies and financial economics. Financial experts working in this area and policymakers will also find much of interest to them within this book.

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