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Dieses Buch macht die historische Leistung Omar Chayyams und die Bedingungen seines Wirkens neben einem Expertenpublikum auch interessierten Studenten, Schülern und Laien der Mathematik zugänglich.Omar Chayyam, der persische Poet und Mathematiker des 11. Jahrhunderts, war der letzte der großen Rationalisten des goldenen islamischen Zeitalters. Nur gegen starke Widerstände konnte er Wissenschaft betreiben. Doch sobald er Ruhe fand, brachte er es in der Mathematik zu großen Leistungen: Omar Chayyam ist der Erste, dem die systematische Lösung der allgemeinen kubischen Gleichung gelang. Dieses Buch zeichnet den Lebensweg Omar Chayyams und die Bedingungen seiner wissenschaftlichen Arbeit nach und präsentiert und erläutert seine beiden wegweisenden algebraischen Abhandlungen. Stimmen zum Buch:«Sebastian Linden’s elegant book about the algebraic work of Umar al-Khayyām is a must for anyone with an interest in the history of mathematics. It reflects a commendable blend, on the side of its author, of technical mastery of the sources with a passionate approach to a particularly brilliant piece of mathematical ingenuity written a thousand years ago. The book comprises a very informative and well-written historical introduction about al-Khayyām’s life and work, both as mathematician and poet, as well as about the learned community of Nishapur of which he was an organic part. Against the historical context provided by this introduction, the edited translation of al-Khayyām’s text is simply a pleasure to read. The detailed historical-mathematical commentary that follows helps put all the pieces together and to get a comprehensive picture of both originality and the impact of al-Khayyām.»Leo Corry, Universität Tel Aviv, Lehrstuhl für Geschichte und Philosophie der Wissenschaften«In Poesie, Mathematik und im Kalendermachen zeigte Omar Chayyam seine Vielseitigkeit. Als Erster löst er das Problem der kubischen Gleichung auf geometrische Weise - fünf Jahrhunderte, bevor dies Cardano & Tartaglia algebraisch gelang. Das vorliegende Buch zeigt das Werk Chayyams präzise und eindrucksvoll.»Dietmar Herrmann, München«Die in den letzten Jahren erschienenen Bände zur Entwicklung der verschiedenen Teilgebiete der Mathematik haben dazu beigetragen, die Leistungen der Mathematiker längst vergangener Epochen wieder stärker ins Bewusstsein zu bringen. Insbesondere ist das, was wir den Wissenschaftlern des islamischen Mittelalters verdanken, nur allzu wenigen bekannt. Umso erfreulicher und verdienstvoll ist es, dass jetzt ein Buch erschienen ist, in dem die Leistungen eines der bedeutendsten Universalgelehrten der Zeitenwende um das Jahr 1000, nämlich Omar Chayyam, umfassend beschrieben wird. In dem klar gegliederten Buch geht der Autor Sebastian Linden zunächst auf das Leben und die Lebensumstände des persischen Wissenschaftlers ein. Dann stellt er das algebraische Werk detailliert und selbst für Leser ohne Mathematikstudium nachvollziehbar dar. Es wäre wünschenswert, wenn das Buch auch in der Lehrer(aus)bildung weite Verbreitung finden könnte.»Heinz Klaus Strick, Leverkusen

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In the 1960s, art patron Dominique de Menil founded an image archive showing the ways that people of African descent have been represented in Western art. Highlights from her collection appeared in three large-format volumes that quickly became collector’s items. A half-century later, Harvard University Press and the Du Bois Institute are proud to publish a complete set of ten sumptuous books, including new editions of the original volumes and two additional ones.Black Models and White Myths examines the tendentious racial assumptions behind representations of Africans that emphasized the contrast between “civilization” and “savagery” and the development of so-called scientific and ethnographic racism. These works often depicted Africans within a context of sexuality and exoticism, representing their allegedly natural behavior as a counterpoint to inhibited European conduct.

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Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, (1478–1557), warden of the fortress and port of Santo Domingo of the Island of Hispaniola, also served his emperor, Charles V, as the official chronicler of the first half-century of the Spanish presence in the New World. His monumental General y Natural Historia de las Indias, consisting of three parts, with fifty books, hundreds of chapters and thousands of pages, is still a major primary source for researchers of the period 1492–1548. Part One, consisting of 19 books, was first published in 1535, then reprinted and augmented in 1547, with a third edition, including Book XX, the first book of Part II, appearing in Valladolid in 1557. Book XX, which was printed separately in Valladolid in 1557 (the year of Oviedo’s death), concerns the first three Spanish voyages to the East Indies. While it might be expected that the narrative of Magellan’s voyage would predominate in Book XX, Oviedo devoted only the first four chapters to this monumental voyage. The remaining thirty–one concern the two subsequent and little-known Spanish follow-up expeditions to the Moluccas 1525-35. The first, initially led by García Jofre de Loaysa, set out from Coruña to follow Magellan’s route through the Strait and across the Pacific. A second relief expedition under Alvaro Saavedra was sent out in search of Loaysa’s company from the Pacific coast of New Spain in 1527. In each venture only one vessel reached the Spice Islands. Oviedo’s narrative offers many details of the 10 years of hardships and conflict with the Portuguese, endured by the stoic Spanish, and of the growing unrest it provoked among their indigenous hosts. The news that Charles V had pawned his claim to the King João III of Portugal allowed a very few of the Spaniards to negotiate a passage back to Spain via Lisbon, while others remained in Portuguese settlements in the East Indies. The reports made by the returnees to the Consejo de Indias were integrated by Oviedo into his narrative, expanded and enriched by personal interviews. His chronicle includes much information about the indigenous culture, commerce, geography and of the exotic fauna and flora of the Spice Islands.

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