Search results for ""European Commission""

The European Commission is an organization which has come to fascinate or repulse a range of national politicians, journalists and social scientists. In contrast to the prevailing image of the Commission as a 'bureaucrat's paradise', however, and by using the results of original research, this book deliberately sets out to investigate this organization's relationship to politics. It does so first by developing a variety of case-studies (health, development aid, preparations for Eastern enlargement, etc.) as a means of studying the relationships, networks and interdependencies which link commissioners and Commission officials to national politicians, civil servants and interest groups. Second, by looking in detail at how the Commission publicizes its work, notably through producing public information and liaising with the media, fresh light is shone upon the complex question of the Commission's legitimacy. Politics and the European Commission provides a framework for generating new information about, and interpretations of, the power struggles at the heart of the EU.

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Collegiality is a core legal principle of the European Commission's internal decision-making, acting as a safeguard to the Commission's supranational character and ensuring the Commission's independence from EU Member States. Despite collegiality's central role within the Commission, its legal and political implications have remained critically underexamined. Collegiality in the European Commission sheds light on this crucial aspect of the Commission's work for the first time. In this novel study on collegiality, Maria Patrin proposes an innovative framework for assessing the Commission's institutional role and power. The book's first part legally examines collegiality, retracing collegial procedures and actors in different layers of decision-making — from the Commission's services to the College of Commissioners. The second part of the book explores the implementation of collegiality through illustrative case studies, focusing on various Commission functions including legislative initiative, infringement proceedings, and economic governance. Partin's empirical analysis unveils a disconnect between the legal notion of collegiality and its concrete application in institutional practices. These variations raise normative questions on how to ensure the unity of the Commission as a collegial body despite the diversification of decision-making functions. They also invite a re-examination of the Commission's multifaceted role in the current EU institutional, legal, and political setting. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach that delves into both the legal substance and the political-institutional practice of collegiality, this book offers a unique, behind-the-scenes insight into the Commission's decision-making processes, furthering our understanding of the EU's institutional system.

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This book is the first to examine how the European Commission has addressed concerns about its ethical standards since 1999. References to the European gravy train, to instances of nepotism or patronage, and even corruption and fraud are commonplace in the popular press. However, until now, there has been no study of the European institutions themselves to question the validity of these claims, or to explore the extent to which the European Commission has responded to and resolved such problems and/or criticism. This book considers the European Commission’s administrative ethics in the context of the events leading up to the resignation of the College of Commissioners in March 1999, and the subsequent administrative reform led by Commissioner Neil Kinnock from 1999–2004. Insights from the field of administrative ethics are applied to the Commission’s response to accusations of an ethics problem within its organisational borders, adding a new perspective to existing research on the EU institutions.

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First Published in 2008. With contributions from a range of leading experts in this rapidly changing field, the book will be of particular value to economists, national and international institutes, banks and other financial institutions and the academic world. For ease of reference, the text is supported with charts and table, and there is a complete index.

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The global financial crisis, which began in 2007, was probably the biggest shock to hit the UK economy in living memory. Since the beginning of this crisis, much has happened that might previously have been thought impossible: the virtual nationalization of two of the UK’s largest banks, a government deficit in double digits, a negative watch on the UK’s AAA credit rating, a Bank of England base rate 150 basis points below its previous all-time low, and a £200,000m. programme of quantitative easing. These momentous events have demanded a fundamental reworking of the traditional analysis of the UK economy.The publication of UK Economy: The Crisis in Perspective meets this need for a radical new analysis of the UK economic system. The book is an edited collection of papers presented to a European Commission seminar held in June 2010 to discuss prospects for the UK economy, the book includes chapters by some of the most prominent and respected commentators on the UK economy, including Christopher Pissarides, winner of the 2010 Nobel Prize for economics sciences, Martin Weale, recently appointed to the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee and Dave Ramsden, Chief Economic Adviser to the Treasury. The chapters cover: fiscal policy and its impact on growth and wealth distribution monetary policy and the Bank of England's unprecedented stimulus programme a detailed decomposition of the sources of UK growth between 1973 and 2009 the structural excess of consumption that fuelled the UK's long boom the UK's labour market performance. The highly distinguished group of authors, coverage and analysis of issues central to recent UK economic history, along with the European Commission's assessment of UK economic prospects make this essential reading for economists, business and financial people, academics and students, as well for all those interested in the historical background of, and prospects for, the UK economy. Information in the chapters will be supplemented by a number of charts and tables offering information in graphic form.The contributors are: Gabriele Giudice, Head of the Unit responsible for the UK, Estonia and Latvia in the Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN) at the European Commission; Robert Kuenzel, an Economist in DG ECFIN; Thomas Springbett, UK country desk officer in DG ECFIN, responsible for forecasting and surveillance; Christopher Pissarides, professor of economics at the London School of Economics and holder of the Norman Sosnow Chair in Economics; Ray Barrell, professor at Brunel University; Philip Davis, senior fellow at the National Institute for Economic and Social Research; Martin Weale, an independent member of the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee; Xavier Ramos, associate professor at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Dave Ramsden, Managing Director of Macroeconomic and Fiscal Policy at HM Treasury and joint Head of the UK Government Economic Service.

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In this ground-breaking new study,Jacques Le Goff, arguably the leading medievalist of his generation, presents his view of the primacy of the Middle Ages in the development of European history. "[A] superb and necessary book. This provocative assessment from a lifetime of scholarship might help us to place ourselves, not just territorially, but in that other precious element of history: time."—The Guardian "A book that never fails to be informative, readable and provocative. Le Goff... has been the bravest and best of champions for medieval history. This book... is in every sense an inspiration."—BBC History Magazine Praised by prominent figures in Europe and history including: Rt Hon Christopher Patten, CH, Former Member of the European Commission, and Neil Kinnock, Vice-President, European Commission.

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The series entitled Advances in Noise Research has developed from the European Commission Concerted Action Programme on Protection Against Noise (PAN) The first volume in the series is devoted to the biological effects of noise and covers six main topics: physiological mechanisms, diagnosis, otoacoustic emissions, tinnitus, pharmacology and non-auditory effects in relation to noise.

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Future plans of the European Commission are presented in this volume. Other themes covered include: land applications; ice; water; ocean and coastal management; methods; models; systems aspects; and a section on data fusion.

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This insightful and original book considers the evolution, aims and developments of EU antitrust policy, and focuses on the way in which the European Commission has sought to combat cartels.Lee McGowan expertly explores the European Commission?s cartel policy by examining competition policy from a politics/public policy perspective, and discusses the actors, ideas and policy developments involved. This topical study of EU cartel policy provides a fascinating account of supranational governance in action as the Commission looks for increasingly imaginative means to detect, unearth and penalize cartel offenders, through new regulations and strategic policy choices. The author traces the evolution of the European approach to cartels from 1870 with a major focus on the developments after 1945, especially the institutional architecture and policy advancements.This unique book will be invaluable for students of politics and European integration whose focus is on the politics and policies of the EU and, in particular, on cartel policy. It will appeal to students of law, public policy, business and European studies and will also prove enticing for those studying regulatory politics and policy making.

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Leading experts from "The Physics of Quantum Information" network, initiated by the European Commission, bring together the most recent results from this emerging area of quantum technology. Written in a consistent style as a research monograph, the book introduces quantum cryptography, quantum teleportation, and quantum computation, considering both theory and newest experiments. Both scientists working in the field and advanced students will find a rich source of information on this exciting new area.

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Exclusion has come to hold a prominent place in the political discourse of all governments in the European Union and in the European Commission itself. As such, it figures importantly in various research agencies’ funding priorities attracting academics to develop and conduct major research programmes. But what does it mean? This book analyzes the different meanings the term exclusion has come to convey and surveys a wide variety of actual applications in different European countries.

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This book provides valuable insight and critical appraisal of key areas of intelligent transport systems (ITS) for land transport in Europe. ITS is becoming increasingly important as the means to improving the efficiency, safety and comfort of the transport of people and goods while at the same time helping to minimize environmental damage and the contribution of transport to global warming.The material draws on over four years of study by the ROSETTA project — part of the European Commission 5th Framework Program. For each of the 12 areas addressed, the book provides a vision for their application, identifies key issues yet to be addressed and the future opportunities that the timely application and advancement of ITS can bring.

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The Prix Ars Electronica is the most richly traditional media art competition in the world. Awarded annually since 1987, it is considered a trend barometer for global media art, thanks to its continuity and the large number of high-quality submissions. Containing many pictures, essays, and statements from the jury, the book gathers together the works awarded prizes in 2019 in the categories of Computer Animation, Digital Music & Sound Art, Artificial Intelligence & Life Art, and u19 – Create Your World. The book also again features a “best-of” the works selected for the STARTS Prize, sponsored by the European Commission. This highly lucrative competition focuses on innovative projects that intersect with science, technology, and art (= Science, Technology and ARTS).

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In 2012, the percentage of European aquaculture production (of world total production) was 4.32 percent (2,880,641 tonnes) and the European Union (28 member organisations) contribution to world production was 1.89 percent (1,259,971 tonnes) (FAO, 2014). The European Union (EU) is the third largest seafood producer (aquaculture and fisheries) in the world and Europe is also the biggest importer of seafood products. Norway's aquaculture sector contributed 46 percent of total European aquaculture production (FAO, 2014). Aquaculture is politically recognised as having the potential to boost growth and jobs in EU coastal and inland areas with several key European policies highlighting aquaculture as being a key component in achieving economic growth and competitiveness on a global level e.g. the overall Blue Growth strategy, the reformed Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), sea basin strategies (i.e. Baltic Sea Region Strategy) etc. At the same time, as an example of the significant challenges to the growth of the sector, in the EU, there are currently over 200 directives, regulations, or other legislation that directly affect marine environmental policy and management (Boyes & Elliott, 2014) and many European national states lack a coherent national aquaculture policy. The CFP reform envisioned the development and promotion of EU aquaculture through the so-called 'open method of coordination' based on strategic guidelines, multiannual national plans prepared by the Member States and exchange of best practices. In 2013, the European Commission (EC) published the Strategic Guidelines for the Sustainable Development of EU Aquaculture (European Commission, 2013b) to assist EU Member States in defining their own national targets taking account of their relative starting positions, national circumstances and institutional arrangements.

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The prominent scholars featured in Gendered Innovations in Science and Engineering explore how gender analysis can profoundly enhance human knowledge in the areas of science, medicine, and engineering. Where possible, they provide concrete examples of how taking gender into account has yielded new research results and sparked creativity, opening new avenues for future research. Several government granting agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health and the European Commission, now require that requests for funding address whether, and in what sense, sex and gender are relevant to the objectives and methodologies of the research proposed, yet few research scientists or engineers know how to do gender analysis. This book begins to rectify the situation by shedding light on the how and the why.

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The prominent scholars featured in Gendered Innovations in Science and Engineering explore how gender analysis can profoundly enhance human knowledge in the areas of science, medicine, and engineering. Where possible, they provide concrete examples of how taking gender into account has yielded new research results and sparked creativity, opening new avenues for future research. Several government granting agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health and the European Commission, now require that requests for funding address whether, and in what sense, sex and gender are relevant to the objectives and methodologies of the research proposed, yet few research scientists or engineers know how to do gender analysis. This book begins to rectify the situation by shedding light on the how and the why.

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Gender impact assessment has been both celebrated as a beacon of hope for the cause of gender equality and criticised as being ineffectual. More than 20 years of gender mainstreaming have demonstrated that equality governance with and through impact assessment is an intersectional and still evolving process. Arn T. Sauer's study examines the instruments of gendered policy analysis and the conditions under which they are being used by the Canadian federal government and the European Commission. Interviews with experts from public administration and instrument designers as well as document analyses reveal benefits and challenges and show that the success of equality governance depends upon whether knowledge about gendered policy and appropriate administrative practices are embedded, embodied and entrenched in public administration.

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This book will be of interest to all those concerned with the EU, whether from the perspective of political science, law or economics. Under the shadow of the financial crisis, studies with a broad research perspective and contributors from diverse backgrounds are important.'- Paul Craig, St John s College, Oxford'The European Union is re-emerging from the most serious economic crisis in its history. The agenda of the European Commission was highly influenced by the decisions to handle the debt, euro, banking and financial crises. The Union and its single currency have become much stronger. Economic law and governance in the Union are now rather different. By reading this book you will see where and how.'- Siim Kallas, Former Vice President of the European Commission 2004-2014How has the EU's economic crisis affected the development of economic law in the Union? This book contributes to the debate by examining EU economic law from a contextual and policy-oriented perspective.The expert authors explore areas such as the EMU and the internal market, and emphasize the important fields of public procurement, taxation, and intellectual property rights. The investigation proceeds along themes such as harmonization, institutional interplay, non-economic values, and international actions. The authors conclude that, during the crisis, the attention of the Barroso Commission focused quite narrowly on the most urgent problems, failing to consider longer-term issues to spark off bold policy endeavours, and break inter-institutional blockages.This book is targeted at scholars, policy-makers and other practitioners, as well as students, interested in EU economic law, integration, and the economic crisis.Contributors: J. Faull, C. Geiger, F. Hoffmeister, M.S. Jansson, H. Kalimo, T. Lahti, I. Lejeune, M. Meulenbelt, K. Olkkonen, J. Salminen, A. Strub, J. Strupczewski, J. Vaario

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This book aims to stimulate and promote the wide-ranging aspects of green chemistry and its major role in ensuring sustainable development. The book covers the following areas: green chemistry; green reagents and atom economy; safeguarding the atmosphere; industrial green catalysis; alternative reaction conditions; biocatalysis and green chemistry. This book is based on the third edition of the Collection of Lectures of the Summer Schools on Green Chemistry held in Venice, Italy in the summers of 1998-2003 (sponsored by the European Commission, TMR and Improving Programmes and carried out by the Consortzio Interuniversitario La Chemica per l'Ambiente).

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In the European Union there is an important reason to fight cartels, related to the political objective of market integration pursued by the community institutions. International cartels can seriously undermine the efforts to create a truly integrated European market. This second edition provides a unique insight into Europe’s leading experts on how to deal with cartel cases in practice before both the European Commission and the European Courts. With over 1,200 pages of text, analysis, and annexes it is essential reading and reference for all practitioners, advisors, and academics working in this area. Unique insight of Europe’s leading experts. Essential reading and reference for all practitioners, advisors and academics working in this area. Including application of article 101 TFEU, cartel proceedings, leniencies for companies, judicial reviews of cartel decisions.

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This book is a novel contribution to the ‘practice theory’ turn in International Relations. It looks at practitioners’ approaches to the EU’s foreign policy to its eastern neighbourhood, particularly Russia, and offers a new methodology for capturing practices using the analytical approach of Discursive International Relations and the Discursive Practice Model. Drawing on data from the European Council, the European Commission and the European Parliament’s AFET committee members, the study concludes that EU practitioners are concerned with the collective EU identity, normative and moral duties and collective security interests when considering EU policy towards Russia and other eastern neighbours. This suggest that practitioners are a lot more pragmatic when it comes to this policy area than previously assumed by the vast literature on the EU as a normative power.

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THE PRIZE-WINNING SATIRICAL BESTSELLER - MORE THAN 500,000 COPIES SOLD WORLDWIDE"I enjoyed The Capital so much . . . A major book" New York Times"First-class satire" Guardian"A deliciously vicious and timely satire" Financial Times"Mischievous yet profound" Economist"Thoroughly entertaining" Spectator"[A] polyphonic EU satire" The TimesA "HOUSE OF CARDS" FOR THE EU The Capital is a brilliantly entertaining satire, a crime story, a comedy of manners . . . and a wild pig chase. This is the tale of a continent, a city and its inhabitants as they navigate their way through the confusing tangle of 21st-century life. *************************************Brussels. A hive of tragic heroes, manipulative losers, involuntary accomplices. No wonder the European Commission is keen to improve its image.The fiftieth anniversary of the European Commission approaches, and the Directorate-General for Culture is tasked with organising an appropriate celebration. When Fenia Xenopoulou's assistant comes up with a plan to put Auschwitz at the very centre of the jubilee, she is delighted. But she has neglected to take the other E.U. institutions into account.Meanwhile the city is on the lookout for a runaway pig. And what about the farmers who take to the streets to protest against restrictions blocking the export of pigs to China?**************************************See what the critics are saying about The Capital:"Omniscient" New York Times"An exceptional work" Kirkus Reviews"Deliciously witty" Metro"Elegant . . . brilliantly constructed" Die Zeit "Robert Menasse is pioneering the genre of Eurolit" Financial Times WINNER OF THE GERMAN BOOK PRIZETranslated from the German by Jamie Bulloch

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Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are believed to contribute towards economic development of host countries through foreign direct investment (FDI), which results in poverty alleviation and human empowerment through linkages and spillovers with local stakeholders. However, earlier research demonstrates that the positive impact of FDI is often inconclusive. There is thus a gap in understanding the link between the activities of MNEs in developing countries and their impact on socio-economic development. This volume reports the results of a large international ‘MNEmerge’ research project, financed by the European Commission, and provides an understanding of the impact of MNEs on United Nations Millennium Development Goals and successive Sustainable Development Goals in developing countries.

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This collection of work has been produced as a result of a major 1994 UK seminar on the measurement and analysis of social exclusion, sponsored by the European Commission and the UK Department of Social Security. There are contributions from a wide range of academics with varying backgrounds. Three main concerns are targeted: the conceptualisation of social exclusion; the measurement of social exclusion; the indicators for monitoring the effectiveness of policies for combating social exclusion. · · This book provides an invaluable review of the literature available and presents major new thinking in terms of theory, understanding and data analysis. It will be important reading for students, researchers and policy makers working in this field.

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This compilation of original essays by an international cast of top scholars addresses some of the major issues now facing postal and delivery services throughout the world. The European Commission and member states wrestle with the problem of how to implement the scheduled liberalization of these sectors and maintain the universal service obligation while the United States Postal Service is coming to terms with the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act. In addition, the book addresses the impact of electronic competition as well as other problems facing the field. The contributors analyze pressing issues such as access to infrastructure and service elements, changes in the national regulations of EU countries, forecasting mail volumes and the evolving market environment, issues surrounding universal service and others.Undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in regulation and public sector economics along with industry professionals will find this volume informative and useful.

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The Sporting Exception in European Union Law is the definitive account of EU sports law. It provides a modern legal framework based on an analysis of major European Court of Justice judgments including Walrave (1974), Don... (1976), Bosman (1995), Deliège (2000), Lehtonen (2000), Kolpak (2003), Piau (2005) and Meca-Medina (2006). It also provides advanced commentary on the major sports-related competition decisions of the European Commission. Broadcasting issues, rules affecting player mobility and issues of sports governance are analysed, as are current issues in EU sports law including the Oulmers case, home-grown players, players' agents, the Services Directive, the Audiovisual Media Services Directive, the 2006 Independent European Sports Review, the 2007 Commission White Paper on Sport, the Reform Treaty and prospects for social dialogue. The work is a resource for academics, lawyers and sports administrators and students of sports law and EU law programmes.

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Setting out the current rules on legal professional privilege (LPP), with specific attention to their relevance in EU competition investigations, this comprehensive book analyses the practice of LPP by the European Commission and its interpretations in the European Courts. It also compares this to practice in the EU Member States, as well as other jurisdictions including Japan, the UK, and the US.Key Features: An overview of the history of LPP Discussions on the practice of LPP in the EU and globally Commentary on the relevant case law of the EU courts in relation to LPP in EU competition investigations Analysis of LPP in competition investigations in the EFTA countries, EU Member States, and other jurisdictions This book will be an essential resource for competition practitioners – both private practitioners and in-house counsel – as well as officials at the Commission and at the competition authorities and enforcement agencies.

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This book was originally published by Claeys and Casteels, now formally part of Edward Elgar Publishing. What is the European energy strategy for 2050? How different is it from the 2020 energy strategy? What are the technology options and what is the policy? This book discusses the European ‘2050 Energy Roadmap to a low Carbon Economy: Energy Policy & Innovation’. The book represents the outcome of the 3rd Academic Roundtable of the Loyola de Palacio Chair at the European University Institute held in Florence on the 24th of May 2011 and it introduces the reader to the most recent thinking regarding the European transition towards a low carbon future. The views presented include those of experts of the European Commission, major industry players, and prominent academics. Besides academic articles, speeches and opinions it contains reports of the THINK Tank of DG Energy hosted in Florence.

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Can firms freely choose their place for corporation and thus the applicable law? And is it possible that a firm can subsequently reincorporate in another country, with the effect of a change of the law applicable to this country? In the European Union, the answer to these questions has to consider the impact of the freedom of establishment and the corresponding case law of the Court of Justice. Beyond some general principles, there is, however, considerable diversity between the laws of Member States. Thus, this book aims to provide an up-to-date analysis of this important area of law for all Member States. It is based on a comprehensive study, produced for the European Commission, on the private international law of companies in the European Union.

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This fully updated second edition of European Competition Law: A Case Commentary explains EU competition law by presenting the relevant legal provisions together with carefully selected case extracts pertaining to those provisions. The selection is based on the interpretative value of the extracts and is limited to the essentials in order to clearly demonstrate how competition rules have been interpreted by the European Commission and the courts. The extracts originate primarily from the decisions of the European Commission and judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. Key features include:• Updated extracts from newly arisen cases and documents on EU competition law• Article-by-article overview of EU competition law jurisprudence • Unique structure enabling users to quickly locate decisions and judgments on all relevant procedural and substantive aspects of EU competition law• Concise and judiciously selected extracts from the judgments in the most important and most instructive cases• A nuanced view of competition law rules provided through the use of extracts rather than author analysis, giving practitioners a more contextual insight• Greater number of case extracts than other books, giving a more complete picture of the way rules translate into European jurisprudence. This unique book is designed for everyday use by practitioners and academics who wish to better understand how competition rules are interpreted in practice, and as a starting point for legal analysis. The book also serves as a handy resource on the exact wording of the essential elements of the most important cases. It will appeal not only to practitioners and academics, but also to all competition authorities in Europe.Contributors: J. Derenne, G. van Heezik, M. Johnsson, K. Metzlaff, E. Oude Elferink, A. Pliego Selie, H. Speyart, P.Stauber

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This fascinating book examines and offers critical comments on the new 'significant market power'-regime, as put into place by the 2003 European regulatory framework on electronic communications networks and services. An overview of this regime, its characteristics, guiding principles, and procedures is provided, using the mobile sector as a case study. The authors give a clear and comprehensive presentation of the new SMP-procedure that may lead to the imposition of remedies on undertakings with significant market power. The book also contains an analysis of all available European Commission comments on the notifications of draft measures by national regulatory authorities, for mobile as well as other markets.Addressing pressing issues, in view of the implementation of the new regulatory framework, this book is a useful working instrument for everyone who is active in the electronic communications sector including practicing lawyers, firms in the electronic communications sector, regulatory authorities, academics and policymakers throughout Europe.

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The new edition of this essential book details the present state of EU environmental law as it has developed over the last 50 years. The author was personally involved in its making and enforcement, having worked for more than 30 years in the environmental department of the European Commission. The book therefore provides unique insights into this complex field.The book discusses in detail governance and other horizontal issues, such as competence questions, the division of power between the EU and its Member States, the individual right to a clean environment, and the integration of environmental requirements into other EU policies such as energy, transport, agriculture, fisheries, trade, and tourism. New chapters elaborate on the relationship between UK and EU law after Brexit (written by Christopher Badger) and on the global effect of EU environmental law and policy. Other chapters deal with climate change, biodiversity, water protection, air and noise pollution, products, an

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This book provides an analysis of European Union pharmaceutical regulation from a policy-making perspective. The focus is on how the often conflicting agendas of the pharmaceutical industry, the EU member states, the European Commission, and consumer interests are reconciled within the context of regulatory outcomes having to serve public health, healthcare and industrial policy needs within the single market. Breaking with more traditional approaches which stress the economic determinants of pharmaceutical policy, different strands of public policy analysis, regulatory and European integration and policy-making theories are invoked in developing a new conceptual approach to frame the analysis. In-depth case-studies in three key policy areas: patent protection, market authorisation, and pricing and reimbursement, provide substantive support. In providing a unique perspective on how and why EU pharmaceutical policy is made, the book will be of interest to academics, students and policy-practitioners interested in EU policy-making, regulation and public policy analysis.

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This book explores the gendered nature of leadership and management. The contributors analyse issues such as management development and therapeutic cultures, expectations placed on women in the workplace, managing maternity and the gendered nature of workplace mistakes. The position of women in various sectors and areas of the politico-economic landscape is also considered - topics discussed include: women in the boardroom women in the small to medium size enterprise sector support for female entrepreneurs gender in the public sector gender and the management of the European Commission. The book concludes by stating the business case for greater female representation in leadership and management, outlining some of the nuances in changing gender identities, and positioning the content within current macro political developments. As such, it will strongly appeal to academics and researchers in gender studies, policy studies, social science, business and management. Practitioners and consultants in the equal opportunities field will also find much to interest them in this book.

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''This book should be in the library of every competition law practitioner and academic. The summary of cases is first class. But what makes it really stand out is the quality of the commentary and the selection of the material which includes not only the most important European judgements and decisions but also some of the leading cases from the US and European Member States.'' Ali Nikpay, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLPThis unique book is designed as a working tool for the study and practice of European competition law, focused on case law analysis. Each chapter begins with an introduction which outlines the relevant laws, regulations and guidelines for each of the topics, setting the analytical foundations for the case entries. Within this framework, cases are reviewed in summary form, accompanied by useful analysis and commentary.The 8th edition includes recent judgments from the European Court of Justice and decisions from the European Commission on the scope of object and effe

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The European Union's (EU) Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) stipulates that all member states must unanimously ratify policy proposals through their representatives on the EU Council. Intergovernmentalism, or the need for equal agreement from all member nations, is used by many political scientists and policy analysts to study how the EU achieves its CFSP. However, in European Foreign and Security Policy, Catherine Gegout modifies this theory, arguing instead for analyses based on what she terms 'constrained intergovernmentalism.' Gegout's theory of constrained intergovernmentalism allows for member states, in particular France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, to bargain with one another and to make rational decisions but also takes into account the constraints imposed by the United States, the European Commission, and the precedents set by past decisions. Three in-depth case studies of CFSP decision-making support her argument, as she examines the EU position on China's human rights record, EU sanctions against Serbia, and EU relations with NATO.

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The concept of cities as potential photovoltaic power plants is rapidly gaining prominence, but until now there has been no large scale study of the impacts of such development on urban fabric and infrastructure, or on inhabitants. This book, based on wide-ranging studies supported by the European Commission and International Energy Agency, is the first to properly address these issues. It sets out by looking at the implications on planning policy of PV in the urban environment, and giving an overview of the implementation and occupation processes. It then moves on to present detailed case studies from a range of European cites, examining the role of large scale PV installations in urban renewal and new urban area development stretching back over 15 years. It ends with a review of technical guidelines for PV, and regulation/legalities surrounding planning, building and grid connection. The book will form an essential resource for planners and developers who are considering including large scale PV in their plans and who want to understand what has (or hasn't) worked, and why. Published with Intelligent Energy

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Driven by European Union policy challenges, this cutting-edge book focuses upon the Regional Innovation Impact (RII) of universities, to analyse the socioeconomic impact that universities in Europe have on their hometowns, metropolitan areas and regions.By developing a conceptual model of RII, and by applying a mixed-method 'narrative with numbers' analytical framework, the case studies presented in this book describe the RII potential and performance of twenty research-active universities throughout Europe. The findings and lessons learned are framed within the context of RII-related policy challenges within the European Commission, and possible EC funding instruments for incentivising RII within universities. Key features include an analysis of EU policy instruments and assessment frameworks for regional leadership, human capital development and knowledge transfer.Insightful and original, the lessons provided within this book will be beneficial to European, national and regional policy makers interested in approaches to incentivise universities to contribute more to regional innovation systems. It will also be of interest to university leaders and administrators who wish to develop strategies to orient their organisations towards increasing their RII.

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Russia, the largest country in the world, has untapped tourism potential. Historic and cultural resources, natural attractions, and business opportunities attract a growing number of visitors to this fast-growing country. The book will appeal to a broad base of students, professors, and practitioners. It addresses tourism as a system, provides essentials of management and marketing, discusses tourism planning and impact management, and proposes strategies and recommendations to improve Russia as an international destination. It is also unique in its approach: it has been written by a group of collaborating authors as part of an EU-funded project that created links between tourism academics from Russia and the European Union. Each chapter was co-written by an international mix of contributors who have worked together on tourism and Russia for two years. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. It reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

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Corruption in politics and business is, after war, perhaps the greatest threat to democracy. Academic studies of corruption tend to come from the field of International Relations, analysing systems of formal rules and institutions. This book offers a radically different perspective - it shows how anthropology can throw light on aspects of corruption that remain unexamined in international relations. The contributors reveal how corruption operates through informal rules, personal connections and the wider social contexts that govern everyday practices. They argue that patterns of corruption are part of the fabric of everyday life - wherever we live - and subsequently they are often endemic in our key institutions. The book examines corruption across a range of different contexts from transitional societies such as post-Soviet Russia and Romania, to efforts to reform or regulate institutions that are perceived to be potentially corrupt, such as the European Commission. The book also covers the Enron and WorldCom scandals, the mafia in Sicily and the USA, and the world of anti-corruption as represented by NGOs like Transparency International.

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This new volume presents a wealth of fresh data documenting and analyzing the different positions taken by governments in the development of the European Constitution. It examines how such decisions have substantial effects on the sovereignty of nation states and on the lives of citizens, independent of the ratification of a constitution. Few efforts have been made to document constitution building in a systematic and comparative manner, including the different steps and stages of this process. This book examines European Constitution-building by tracing the two-level policy formation process from the draft proposal of the European Convention until the Intergovernmental Conference, which finally adopted the document on the Constitution in June 2004. Following a tight comparative framework, it sheds light on reactions to the proposed constitution in the domestic arena of all the actors involved. It includes a chapter on each of the original ten member states and the fifteen accession states, plus key chapters on the European Commission and European Parliament. This book will be of strong interest to scholars and researchers of European Union politics, comparative politics, and policy-making.

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This book examines the growing divergences between the EU and the US in their approach to antitrust law enforcement, particularly where it relates to intellectual property (IP) rights. The scope of US antitrust law as defined in the Supreme Court's decisions in Trinko and Credit Suisse Securities is much narrower than the scope of EU competition law. US antitrust enforcers have become increasingly reluctant to apply antitrust rules to regulated markets, whereas the European Commission has consistently used EU competition rules to correct the externalities resulting from government action. The contrasting approaches adopted by US and EU antitrust enforcers to these issues, as with the differences in addressing market dominance, have had a profound impact on the scope of antitrust intervention in the IP field. This book provides an in-depth analysis of the relevant recent developments on both sides of the Atlantic and identifies the pitfalls of regulating IP through competition rules.With a unique comparative perspective, this book will be an invaluable resource for postgraduate students, academics and practitioners in IP and competition law.

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The future of European Monetary Union (EMU) stands as one of the most important economic issues of the era. The author argues that in the event of macroeconomic shocks, rather than acting as a cohesive force, EMU could give rise to disunity. As EMU is not an optimal currency area, asymmetric shocks affecting each country differently could be critical to its future. The success of EMU depends upon the ability of institutions in the EU to satisfy the monetary and fiscal policy demands of sufficient numbers of national constituents, interest groups, and multinational corporations. This book employs principles from public choice to analyze the EU institutions that participate in the monetary policy making process of EMU and assesses whether they have the mechanisms to cope with asymmetric macroeconomic shocks. In particular, it examines the European Council, Council of Ministers, European Commission, European Parliament and the European Central Bank.This book provides an invaluable critique of the EMU plan and will be of interest to scholars of European economics, macroeconomics and public choice.

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Egypt has undergone significant economic liberalization under the auspices of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, USAID, and the European Commission. Yet after more than four decades of economic reform, the Egyptian economy still fails to meet popular expectations for inclusive growth, better standards of living, and high-quality employment. While many analysts point to cronyism and corruption, Amr Adly finds the root causes of this stagnation in the underlying social and political conditions of economic development. Cleft Capitalism offers a new explanation for why market-based development can fail to meet expectations: small businesses in Egypt are not growing into medium and larger businesses. The practical outcome of this missing middle syndrome is the continuous erosion of the economic and social privileges once enjoyed by the middle classes and unionized labor, without creating enough winners from market making. This in turn set the stage for alienation, discontent, and, finally, revolt. With this book, Adly uncovers both an institutional explanation for Egypt's failed market making, and sheds light on the key factors of arrested economic development across the Global South.

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Will the manufacturing industry in east-central Europe survive when the host countries join the European Union? This controversial book challenges the assumption, made by the European Commission, that industries in transitional economies should have little difficulty establishing and maintaining a competitive position after entry into the European Union.The analysis focuses on Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the former east Germany. Issues discussed include: changes in economic structures, the transformation of enterprises and financial restructuring levels of competitiveness in the countries, the region and internationally industrial policy in the region levels and nature of investment limits and sources of growth integration into western Europe dangers of over-hasty harmonization of macroeconomic conditions with the European Union The authors conclude that although the basic structures of a market economy are firmly established, the transition has not encouraged the development of more advanced industrial activities. They strongly suggest that there should be an active policy framework, based on international experience, specifically geared towards improving the international competitiveness of industry in east-central Europe.

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