Search results for ""Author Lowell T Duncan""

This book includes nine chapters that describe recent advances in health and disease. Chapter One discusses controversies regarding the use of intraoperative cell salvage during surgery involving bacterial contamination or malignancy. Chapter Two presents an overview of clinical applications of all-trans retinoic acid. Chapter Three explores the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in COVID-19 infection. Chapter Four describes potentially beneficial sports supplements for endurance athletes. Chapter Five studies the influence of low-impact aerobic physical activity on Berger's disease. Chapter Six evaluates the effects and toxicity features of paclitaxel nanoformulations. Chapter Seven examines a potential link between methamphetamine abuse and glycogen synthase kinase-3. Chapter Eight investigates the health-promoting potential of tryptophan-derived betalin. Finally, Chapter Nine deals with the role of glucagon in exploring the corticotrop pituitary reserve.

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This volume presents some of the latest advancements in the field of health and disease research. Chapter One deals with aberrant regulation of mTOR in haematological malignancies and the use of mTOR inhibitors in their treatment. Chapter Two explores synthetic and natural mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and other diseases caused by over-activation of mTOR. Chapter Three discusses various types of cancer, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, and their causes along with their significant signalling and effects. Chapter Four describes the structure of mTOR and mTOR upstream and downstream signalling pathways. Chapter Five relates various types of prostaglandins with processes like ovulation, luteolysis, implantation, menstrual cycle, parturition, fallopian tube motility along with associated metabolic processes. Lastly, Chapter Five addresses the subjects of compliance, adjuvants, aspects of individuals' systemic health, and quality of life in connection with periodontal maintenance therapy.

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This edited volume includes six chapters detailing recent advancements in health and disease. Chapter One describes the set-up and characteristics of various endoscopic submucosal dissection devices. Chapter Two explains neural plasticity, or the brain's ability to rewire itself, and how it relates to the treatment and progression of various neurological conditions. Chapter Three discusses a range of medical interventions where progesterone has been found useful, highlighting its exceptional role in supporting pregnancy to full term. Chapter Four details the characteristics, classification, pharmacokinetics, drug interaction, clinical uses and adverse effects of anticoagulants. Chapter Five analyses how emergency medical services responded to the global pandemic of 2020. Lastly, Chapter Six summarises published results on the influence of low birth weight, prematurity, and nutritional status during childhood on the tooth eruption of deciduous and permanent teeth.

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This edited volume includes seven chapters, each of which details a recent scientific advancement in health and disease. Chapter One describes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and elaborates various treatment, therapeutic, and management strategies for PCOS which may help in relieving its economic and social burden. Chapter Two addresses the ethical problems of the use of human foetal cell cultures in the manufacture of vaccines as well as other ethical dilemmas associated with vaccines. Chapter Three reviews fundamental aspects of imaging in the diagnosis of pneumomediastinum, including the normal mediastinal anatomy and relevant variants in plain radiography and computed tomography. Chapter Four summarizes current literature involving fasted exercise and health benefits and discusses the proposed mechanisms, aiming to determine fasted aerobic exercise applicability as a health-promoting strategy. Chapter Five examines the role that aerobic exercise plays in osteoporosis prevention and management, and how different exercise modalities contribute to bone health. Chapter Six reviews the main features of spontaneous pneumomediastinum, both in its asymptomatic and emergent forms, with focus on clinical signs and symptoms, natural course and the differential diagnosis. Lastly, Chapter Seven covers the current strategies for the management of gestational diabetes mellitus.

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This volume presents eight chapters, each focused on a particular topic in health and disease. Chapter One reviews the mechanism of action and clinical evidence available on the effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on glycaemic control, weight, blood pressure, and cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Chapter Two explains the diagnosis and management of bruxism, a disorder defined by the repetitive involuntary activity of muscles of mastication characterized by teeth clenching or grinding. Chapter Three details the diagnosis and treatment options for acute appendicitis. Chapter Four focuses on the evolution of pharmacological management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with a focus on the current updates in terms of the safety and efficacy of acid suppressive therapy (AST). Chapter Five explores the profile of paediatric patients with bruxism following a therapeutic care program in a health centre specialised in bruxism during childhood. Chapter Six discusses the role of anti-reflux surgery in GERD, which is used in cases where AST fails to treat the disease. Chapter Seven provides another perspective on the diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis. Finally, Chapter Eight focuses on the diagnosis of GERD, as well as its medical, endoscopic and surgical management.

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Volume 21 first addresses the negative consequences of polypharmacy in older adults, highlighting evidence-based approaches to decrease inappropriate prescribing. An overview of generic drugs in Brazil is provided based on an analysis of literature on the subject, as well as public data. The authors assess the significant role phytochemicals play in combatting coronary heart disease, chronic inflammation, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer disease, and more. Also assessed in this compilation are the different pathways of NF-κB signaling in cell survival and pathogenesis of a variety of diseases affecting humans. Hydrocephalus, a disorder characterised by an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid inside the ventricles of the brain, is explored in detail. In addition, a new experimental model of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration induced by superior cervical ganglionectomy in C57BL/6J mice is presented, focusing on differences in the histology, ultrastructure, and metabolic attributes of the temporal retinal pigment epithelium. The signs, symptoms, and radiological findings regarding isolated fallopian tube torsion are examined, as well the various surgical options available. The diagnosis of post-cerebral infarction seizures, or post-stroke seizures, is studied in closing, and electroencephalography is put forward as a crucial tool for this purpose.

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Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 14 opens with a chapter on Zika Virus, a ribonucleic acid virus of the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus, Spondweni group, Zika species, isolated for the first time in 1947 from a primate in the Zika Forest in Uganda, a natural reserve near Entebbe. Next, the authors discuss multiple myeloma, which is characterized by the expansion of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. In about 95% of cases, the aberrant plasma cells produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin called monoclonal component that can be considered a marker of the disease. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is explored in the context of sudden sensorineural hearing loss, where it has been used as a treatment since 1979. This exposes a patient to 100% oxygen at a pressure level higher than 1 atmosphere absolute in a specially designed sealed chamber. This facilitates a delivery of increased partial pressure of oxygen to the tissues. The authors discuss off-label uses of ruxolitinib, particularly in the treatment of myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, as drugs can sometimes have uses beyond the official approved indication. Following this, summaries of the current scientific knowledge and understanding of the clinical findings and health consequences of benzene exposure among children are presented. Children at various developmental stages have unique physical risk factors when exposed to toxic chemicals such as benzene due to their levels of mobility, oxygen consumption, hormonal production, and overall growth. Lastly, a hybrid quantitative structure-activity relationship model was developed for the prediction of aqueous toxicity. The data concerning 92 substituted benzenes was separated into two disjoined subsets, respectively 74 elements for calculating and testing of the model, and 18 elements for its external validation.

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This edited volume presents recent updates in the fields of health and disease. Chapter One explores the role of nutrition in diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Chapter Two includes updated information about the role electrotherapy can play in physical therapy. Chapter Three discusses the immune factors regulating nasopharyngeal colonisation and their role in otitis media, or inflammation of the middle ear. Chapter Four carries out a review of the evaluation and treatment of physiotherapy in children with autism spectrum disorders, focusing on a clinical case of a 4-year-old girl diagnosed with autism who presented a pattern of toe walking. Lastly, Chapter Five examines two intervention programs, ecologically-based family therapy and community reinforcement approach, focusing on reducing substance use and abuse among homeless adolescents.

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This monograph consists of seven chapters that each detail recent advancements in the field of health and disease. Chapter One presents the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Narcolepsy type 1, Narcolepsy type 2, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin syndrome. Chapter Two remarks on the history of phage therapy, biology and classification of phages, the effects of phage on biofilm, and the potential usage of phage therapy against MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Chapter Three discusses both the operative and non-operative approaches to the treatment and management of critical limb ischemia as well as their associated risks and outcomes. Chapter Four speculates on the relationship between sarcopenia and the metabolic liver as well as the impact of active sarcopenia treatment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chapter Five deals with the impact of spinal cord injury on cardiopulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life. Chapter Six highlights the role of nutrition and dietary habits in neurodegenerative diseases and their beneficial role in preventing/delaying neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, Chapter Seven introduces POSEIDON Stratification as a daily instrument in the clinical management of fertility patients.

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This compilation reviews the current knowledge on tick-borne diseases in Southeast Asia and identifies the gaps in information that will direct future investigations. Following this, the effects of moderate hypothermia for different durations on the intensity of blood free radical processes and erythrocyte osmotic fragility are studied in rats. The authors summarize the different molecular methods for the detection and genotyping of Noroviruses and Sapoviruses, two genera in the Caliciviridae family that cause acute intestinal gastroenteritis, a disease usually associated with diarrhoea and/or vomiting. Information about infant and parental factors with respect to paternal involvement in infant sleep is provided, particularly focusing on parental psychosocial functioning, the sleep behaviours of parents and the quality of relationship with their infant at bedtime. Information related to the health benefits of physical activity during pregnancy and lactation is also provided, as evidence is currently inconsistent. The closing study focuses on scleroderma renal crisis, a complication of systemic sclerosis with high morbidity and mortality characterized by a sudden and marked increase in systemic blood pressure and rapidly progressive oliguric renal failure.

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This compilation opens with a contribution towards understanding the molecular mechanism of acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activity and its modulation, which will lead to the development of better Alzheimer disease drugs. Acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitors are drugs indicated for the treatment of disease, as well as several other important applications in medical treatments. The authors review what is currently known about the effects of interleukin-6, a well-known inflammation mediator, on the respiratory system. Papers are presented showing a general worsening of respiratory mechanics parameters both in animal experimentation and in humans. Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 22 also discusses Graves' orbitopathy, known also as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, the most common and debilitating extrathyroid manifestation of Graves' disease. Additionally, the authors discuss diabetic nephropathyis, a major micro-vascular complication of diabetes mellitus known to be the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The clinical calculation, techniques of measurement and regulation of cardiac ejection fraction is examined. Cardiac ejection fraction is defined as the volume of blood that is ejected by the ventricle during each contraction. The concluding study aims to study the socioeconomic conditions of Beedi rollers to assess the health disturbances acquired as occupational hazards.

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Obesity worldwide represents a public health problem, compromising life expectancy in children and adolescents, and has been associated with mortality and a higher risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 17 investigates the association of adiponectin concentration with metabolic and inflammatory profiles of adolescents with obesity and diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered the hepatic manifestation of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, where the main toxic mediators in this condition are free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol accumulation. In the context of liver transplantation, recipient hemodynamic stability is necessary for its reliable measurement. As such, the authors discuss how the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green has shown usefulness in different pathologies. The authors go on to discuss spondylosis, a defect in the pars interarticularis of the neural arch, which is a common cause of back pain. The management principles of symptomatic spondylolisthesis have remained consistent over the decades; however, there is a constant evolution in the understanding of the biomechanics of spondylolisthesis, reduction techniques, and fusion modalities. The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis and isthmic spondylolisthesis in the lumbar spine are discussed. Following this, the authors review the current understanding of delirium pathophysiology, examining the current evidence-based guidelines regarding the screening, prevention and treatment of delirium as relevant to the bedside clinician. This compilation also explores awake craniotomy, a neurosurgical approach performed with the patient awake during the procedure. This approach is increasingly widespread for the surgical treatment of supratentorial cortical lesions and, in particular, for the excision of lesions near or within the motor or language areas. The penultimate chapter examines age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of irreversible visual function decrease among elderly individuals in developed countries. Most of the patients are affected by the atrophic, non-exudative form that is characterized by the occurrence of progressive atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. The final study focuses on Clostridium difï¬cile infections associated with high incidence, mortality, and healthcare costs. C. difï¬cile infections are mainly linked to the use of wide-spectrum antibiotics that disrupt the intestinal microbiota equilibrium.

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This volume includes eight chapters that detail recent advancements in the field of health and disease. Chapter One investigates the interaction of molybdenum complexes and polyoxometalates with DNA models. Chapter Two discusses the role of superoxide dismutase in sperm capacitation. Chapter Three details various imaging techniques for diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. Chapter Four compares and contrasts dietary supplementation advice for pregnancy from different countries around the world. Chapter Five reviews common electrolyte abnormalities in critically ill patients and provides advice regarding their management. Chapter Six explores the heterogeneity across the spectrum of HDL cholesterol subpopulations and the main components of HDL that participate in the biological activities of HDL. Chapter Seven discusses strategies for the optimization of umbilical cord blood banking. Finally, Chapter Eight concerns the involvement of the breast in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

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This volume presents some of the latest research updates related to health and disease. Chapter One investigates how traditional Chinese medicine can be leveraged in service of assisted reproductive technology. Chapter Two includes details about several drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Chapter Three reviews the changing perspective of infection prevention and control measures in maternal and child healthcare settings. Chapter Four examines the role that infection control nurses play in the infection prevention and control teams of healthcare centers. Chapter Five explores some psycholinguistic aspects of illness narratives in patients with pulmonary hypertension as a therapeutic means to lessen patients' disease-related burden and promoting the sense-making of their illness experience. Lastly, Chapter Six highlights the prognostic value of various microRNAs with reference to chronic kidney disease.

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This monograph consists of eight chapters that provide updates in the field of health and disease. Chapter One describes orthostatic hypotension, a geriatric syndrome caused by postural blood pressure change, and its impact on quality of life in the elderly. Chapter Two describes the causes and effects of endometriosis, a common condition in women of reproductive age that is very frequently associated with infertility. Chapter Three also relates to infertility, as it presents up-to-date information on the impact of stress, anxiety, and depression on conception, impaired fertility, and infertility. Chapter Four investigates the possible involvement of the superior colliculus in eye movement problems associated with progressive supranuclear palsy, a rare type of "parkinsonism" that can affect all types of eye movement. Chapter Five summarizes the recently published, epidemiological findings referring to the impact of environmental and occupational factors on fecundity and fertility. Chapter Six describes the use of electrodiagnostic evaluation for lumbar spinal stenosis, which in many cases correlates with symptoms better than diagnostic imaging. Chapter Seven investigates the association between substance abuse and the decision to seek abortion among low-income women. Finally, Chapter Eight shows how the qualitative and quantitative properties of eigenvalues can explain phenomena ranging from the dynamics of human reactions in tactile environments to the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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This book is comprised of eight chapters, each of which describes a recent advancement in the field of health and disease. Chapter One discusses the opportunities created by technological advancement for treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Chapter Two presents a review of the last five years of pharmacological development related to treatment of high uric acid levels in blood and gout. Chapter Three describes the patterns of behaviour that put adolescents at risk for developing obesity or overweight and details prevention and treatment methods. Chapter Four describes principle complications and their management associated with endoscopic sinus surgery. Chapter Five proposes a review of classification of transphenoidal skull base approaches and shows the main transnasal corridors to the sphenoid sinus based on the anatomical sphenoidal target and extension of pathology. Chapter Six discusses the minimally invasive sinus technique and the differences between it and functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Chapter Seven evaluates the efficacy and safety of prolonged low-dose clarithromycin therapy in patients with chronic polyp rhinosinusitis after endoscopic breast surgery. Finally, Chapter Eight evaluates the usefulness of computer-assisted navigation in endoscopic sinus surgery.

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This compilation contains eight chapters, each presenting a unique perspective on issues relating to health and disease. Chapter One describes the use of the newly invented technique called acupuncture point injection therapy, which combines acupuncture and medicine, for treatment of complex regional pain syndrome. Chapter Two reviews recent updates on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of iron deficiency anaemia. Chapter Three reviews and explores the effects of the Mediterranean diet on age-related cognitive decline and the development of neurocognitive disorders. Chapter Four discusses the incidence and prognostic significance of sepsis-associated thrombocytopenia, summarizes the possible underlying mechanisms, and considers future directions of research. Chapter Five examines the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment of colorectal polyps, which are the most common benign tumours of the large intestine. Chapter Six covers the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatments available for Tourette's Syndrome. Chapter Seven focuses on the link between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment and discusses therapies to improve cognitive functioning and increase patients' quality of life. Lastly, Chapter Eight reviews the clinicopathologic manifestations of neurosarcoidosis, including pathologic differential diagnostic considerations.

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Volume 28 opens with a focus on meningoencephalitis, a broad term encompassing inflammation of the brain as well as the overlying meninges, and the authors review its different causes, diagnostic methods and treatment. A general overview of the COVID-19 virus among the human population is provided, after which the underlying clinical manifestations and effects on those living with HIV are addressed. An overview is also provided on Cushing's syndrome, a rare disorder caused by pathologic cortisol overproduction with a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms such as weight gain, irregular periods, depression, and anxiety. The authors describe propofol use and administration during drug-induced sleep endoscopy, a technique that plays an important role in detecting dynamic anatomical variations in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Following this, musculoskeletal changes due to prolonged usage of screen touch devices are defined, described, and classified, along with validated diagnostic assessment tools. The results of genetic association studies of multifactorial oral and dental conditions such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, developmental enamel defects, and apical periodontitis are discussed. The procedure for performing a safe and reproducible standard cholecystectomy is carefully defined, considering all tips and tricks. The closing study focuses on miscarriage, the most frequent obstetric complication affecting about 15% of all pregnancies.

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Volume 20 begins by exploring the clinical aspects of cryosurgery including: indications, patient selection, contraindications, technique, complications, and post-treatment follow-up. The authors review available data on current and potential agents for the treatment of vitiligo, an acquired disorder of melanin pigmentation that affects approximately 0.5-2% of the population. The available data regarding the role of oral magnesium supplementation in the treatment of prediabetes and high blood pressure is also studied. The long-term safety of intravitreal treatment with ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration is assessed, noting rare endophthalmitis occurrences and scarce questionable systemic side effects. The inflammatory reaction that follows damage to the bronchiolar epithelium of the small conducting airways, bronchiolitis, is reviewed. Three classifications appear useful in dfining different cases of bronchiolitis: a clinical classification, a histopathological classiifcation, and a radiologic classification. New prosthetic devices for the surgical treatment of hernias are studied, consisting of a combination of biomaterials that provide mesh with the capacity for self-adhesion. The authors explore how laparoscopic cholecystectomies can be performed safely using mirror ports in patients of situs inversus, noting that extreme skill is required to identify the reversed anatomy and to overcome the problem of handedness.

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Sickle cell disease is one of the most common monogenic diseases globally, and the first disease where the genetic etiology was defined. It is common in sub Saharan Africa, the Middle East and India. This collection explores the advantages of newborn screening for sickle cell disease. Following this, the authors assess the costs of using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy for type 1 diabetes treatment. Scientific evidence has shown improvement in glycated hemoglobin levels, and in the reduction of glycemic oscillations and hypoglycemia episodes when compared to multiple-dose insulin therapy. Also assessed in this compilation are different analysis techniques, including spectrometry, chromatography and electrochemistry, used quantitatively and qualitatively to determine tadalafil pharmaceutical dosage forms. The authors discuss different risk factors pertaining to eye drop instillation and manipulation in glaucoma patients' daily tasks, analyzing the different classes of hypotensive ocular agents. Prostatic inflammation, or prostatitis, is the most common prostatic disease in men and it can progress to more serious conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and/or prostate cancer. As such, factors that could be related to inflammatory process in prostate, particularly the endocrine components, are addressed. Indocyanine green video angiography has been used for several medical applications in the recent decades. As a result, the authors describe the main neurosurgical applications and surgical results obtained by a senior vascular neurosurgeon. In one study, the antidepressant effects of three dosages forms of Guduchi are assessed using a behavioral despair test in depression. A statistical analysis was carried out via one-way ANOVA test followed by Tucky and Kramer multiple comparison tests. The penultimate study was conducted among 611 pregnant women who satisfy inclusion criteria in Bahir Dar town, northwest Ethiopia, wherein a multivariate analysis was employed to identify factors associated with dietary practices and nutrition status. The concluding chapter addresses current issues in direct-to-consumer marketing of behavioral health care services and offers several recommendations for its application.

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This edited volume presents recent updates in the fields of health and disease. Chapter One studies Noroviruses are known as causative agents of sporadic infections and epidemic outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Chapter Two presents the harmful effects of fluoride intake, fluorosis induction, and provides relevant information about oxidative stress caused by fluoride both in in vivo and in vitro studies. Chapter Three suggested that a comparison of multiple prediction models, the time series model, produced the most accurate and better forecast value for the COVID-19 outbreak. Chapter Four targets type-2 diabetes is an immune-metabolic disorder characterized by low grade inflammation, pancreatic β cell dysfunction; insulin insufficiency or resistance. Chapter Five focus studies to explore this aspect of the immune defect and develop new tools for its comprehensive evaluation. Chapter Six studies are revealing how variations and changes in the composition of the gut microbiota influence normal physiology and contribute to diseases ranging from inflammation to obesity. Chapter Seven aims to evaluate the available literature regarding the antimicrobial effects of thymol and thymol nanoformulations. It also covers the recent advances in applications of thymol as antimicrobial agent. Chapter 8 review possible thrombotic mechanisms in antiphospholipid syndrome from the clinician point of view who treats thrombotic complication but is one who should also take out preventive measures. The level at which preventive action is possible is strict control of primarily cardiovascular risk factors, control of the activity of autoimmune diseases, and full thrombophilia screening. Finally, Chapter Nine discusses thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients is a common finding, recent studies have reported an unusually high prevalence of thrombotic complications which was the reason for the measuring of aPL. The aPLs in COVID-19 patients are mainly directed against b2GPI but display an epitope specificity different from that of the antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome. Coagulopathy and vasculopathy are initial stages in both COVID-19 infection and APS sharing three similar stages.

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This edited volume includes some of the latest research pertaining to the topics of health and disease. Chapter One examines the interplay between molecular redox signaling and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Chapter Two discusses the origin and mechanism of antibody development, autoantibodies' association with disease, and the available therapeutic interventions. Chapter Three describes the microbial diversity of breast milk and the factors influencing this diversity. Chapter Four collects the evidence on adolescent bone growth, nutrition, physical activity, and hormonal changes related to occurrence of osteoporosis later in life. Chapter Five reviews evidence regarding the effects of allopurinol and febuxostat in kidney disease. Lastly, Chapter Six examines the phenomenon of elevated serum uric acid in patients with chronic kidney disease.

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In this edited volume, updates in the field of health and disease are presented. Chapter One studies the incidence of hearing loss in patients with congenital cytomegalovirus infections. Chapter Two reviews the current literature concerning the multifactorial theories and etiologies of glaucomatous optic disc change and visual field loss in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Chapter Three discusses the effectiveness of endovascular treatment for peripheral arterial disease, which is common in dialysis patients. Chapter Four describes a new technique for severely calcified infrapopliteal artery lesions called "percutaneous intraluminal needle cracking." Chapter Five aims to identify the occurrence of chronic kidney disease in the family members of chronic hemodialysis patients. Chapter Six describes methods for the outpatient management of oncologic patients with solid tumors and febrile neutropenia. Chapter Seven ascertains the suitability of peritoneal dialysis as a first choice for treatment of acute kidney injury patients. Chapter Eight reports on the application of a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode for the determination of phenylbutazone using the differential pulse voltammetry, as a simple alternative method for quality control of this drug. Chapter Nine investigates the liaison between contaminated foods and the occurrence of illness in consumers to provide a clear picture of reports during the years 2010-2020. Lastly, Chapter Ten reviews the benefits and limitations of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and the evidence behind the recommendations to support their use in different patient populations.

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This book consists of eleven chapters, each of which provide details on recent advancements in the field of health and disease. Chapter One deals with cytomegalovirus infections and the gastrointestinal tract bleeding they cause. Chapter Two explores the current state of knowledge on prevalence and risk factors associated with sarcopenia. Chapter Three reviews the role of epigenetic markers as predictors of autism spectrum disorders in preterm birth. Chapter Four collates and reviews literature about anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Chapter Five examines immune-mediated necrotising myopathy, one of the major subtypes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Chapter Six concerns the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis after sclerosis. Chapter Seven focuses on the various indications for therapeutic hypothermia in epilepsy and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Chapter Eight presents a review of the efficacy of social distancing for minimising the spread of COVID-19. Chapter Nine consists of a case study concerning canine leptospirosis in its icteric form related to Weil's disease. Chapter Ten reviews the available studies comparing the efficacy of ivermectin against topical scabicides, its use in outbreak settings, and gaps in current knowledge. Finally, Chapter Eleven focuses on the different causes of thrombophilia as a predisposition to deep vein thrombosis.

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This compilation opens with a discussion of tuberculosis, the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Widespread occurrence of drug-resistant tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant- tuberculosis poses a serious threat to global control efforts. The authors review the importance of sleep for healthy functioning, the role sleep plays in eating patterns and diet, and how this may relate to weight gain and obesity. Diabetic cardiomyopathy, one of the major complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, is studied. This condition is characterized by structural and functional changes in the myocardium in absence of coronary artery disease, other cardiac pathologies or hypertension. This compilation goes on to propose that body composition could serve as a pre-screening tool and a safe, injury-free indicator of changes in the physical fitness of police officers. The closing study assesses whether economic damage from excessive restrictions due to COVID-19 might eventually result in more harm to public health than the virus itself.

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Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 16 first discusses iliopsoas, is a complex musculotendinous unit that acts primarily as a hip flexor, but it is also involved in pelvic stability and trunk balance. Although iliopsoas disorders are one of the most common causes of anterior hip pain in young athletes and active people, tendinopathy may also be described in elderly patients after total hip replacement. The authors go on to discuss, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), a significant enteric pathogen of public health concern that causes toxin-mediated diarrhea in humans. CDI is commonly reported among hospital in-patients undergoing prolonged antibiotic therapy, which disrupts normal gut microflora. Additionally, schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma, is examined. After malaria, schistosomiasis remains the most prevalent tropical disease in the world. Despite significant efforts to control schistosomiasis, the disease remains of considerable public health and economic importance in many developing countries. The authors describe the clinical and pathological manifestations of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza as experienced firsthand in over a decade of infection in West Africa, and emphasize effective control measures. A concise summary of pediatric post-laminectomy kyphosis is provided via a discussion of the following areas: the background and pathophysiology of how post-laminectomy kyphosis occurs in a pediatric population, risk factors for kyphosis, methods of prevention and eventual treatment if the kyphotic deformity progresses, and relevant studies of post-laminectomy kyphosis in post-tumor resection and post-spinal cord injury. A clinical and histopathological overview of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and genetic, is also provided. Later, the authors explore mucositis, inflammatory and/or ulcerative lesions of the oral and/or gastrointestinal system. It is one of the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy used in cancer treatment. Similarly explored is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestines with an incompletely understood pathophysiology. IBD encompasses gut inflammation which leads to changes in neutrally-controlled functions of the gut including abdominal pain, cramps, urgency to defecate, and diarrhea. The penultimate chapter focuses on flat foot, a common postural disorder of lower extremity in children. It may occur during the growth and developmental period of children, and has been found to normally reduce with age. The aim of the closing study is to investigate the occurrence of differences in flexible flatfoot in adolescents who have trained various sports (football, swimming, basketball, team handball, karate) in comparison to the untrained adolescents.

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Volume 15 explores the current knowledge relating extracellular calreticulin to human pathologies, focusing on cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, wound repair and the retroviral infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1. Following this, the authors provide an overview of the tumor markers and scoring systems as well as it's utilization for effective diagnosis of female adnexal masses. Appropriate discrimination between benign and malignant mass results in the correct choice between conservative and surgical management. This collection also presents the way in which two B-glucans play a vital role in innate immunity modulation, and are therefore predicted to be candidates for alternative therapies against inflammatory diseases. Subsequently, the authors present indications, techniques, complications and treatment regarding the use of polyacrylamide for facial wasting rehabilitation. Medical literature shows how facial wasting is recognized as a stigma of the infection for the patient-self, and as such facial features restoring is crucial to the social life of HIV positive patients. In conclusion, the major issues regard reduced nostril aperture and nasal fossae volume, and degree of sinus pneumatization are presented. Endoscopic sinus surgery and its main use in pediatric patients is decribed, as well as the advantages of this less invasive surgery.

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This book presents some recent updates in health and disease. Chapter One provides an overview of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Chapter Two summarizes the recent research findings related to the pathogenesis of E. histolytica. Chapter Three summarizes the literature concerning the role of fluoride in osteogenesis. Chapter Four investigates the utility of ultrasound elastography in detection of liver disease. Chapter Five evaluates the efficiency of health services of some countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapter Six describes treatment options for petroclival meningiomas. Chapter Seven explains the uses, mechanisms of actions and clinical outcomes of ibuprofen. Chapter Eight defines and describes limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, including its clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options. Finally, Chapter Nine discusses the diagnosis of methamphetamine-related poisoning and death, including pathophysiological and toxicological findings, in forensic practices.

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This ten-chapter volume presents some recent advancements in health and disease. Chapter One explains the increased mortality rate owing to atherothrombosis and cardiovascular diseases. Chapter Two reviews the evidence for all current management strategies for recurrent hypoglycaemia in diabetes. Chapter Three provides information on the relationship between obesity and circulating levels of C-reactive protein. Chapter Four describes high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a biomarker of diabetes and hypertension. Chapter Five studies the combination of two self-associating biopolymers such as high-molar-mass hyaluronan and chitosan for treatment of skin wounds. Chapter Six outlines an integrated approach to address the issues of high levels of stress and burnout in the workplace. Chapter Seven examines pericoronary adipose tissue as a possible storage and supply site for lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in the human coronary artery. Chapter Eight deals with corneal collagen cross-linking protocols for the management of keratoconus. Chapter Nine discusses free radicals, their formation and catabolism, and their beneficial and adverse effects on cellular activities. Finally, Chapter Ten details various diagnostic tests for vasculitis.

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This compilation presents some of the latest research in health and disease. Chapter One provides insight into the ophthalmic manifestations of dyslipidemia and how they may be managed concomitantly, with particular reference to the statins and their efficacy. Chapter Two proposes the application of personalized medicine for the treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Chapter Three summarizes the main studies in the field of psychological interventions for bariatric surgery patients exploring the advances on new online therapeutic and management strategies, and personalised medicine including stepped care approaches. Chapter Four examines the relationship between interpersonal stressors, coping with interpersonal stress, and sleep disorders focused on gender. Finally, Chapter Five describes the impact of exercises using a foam roller to reduce back pain in scoliosis patients.

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Volume 36 focuses on the latest research on medicine and health. The chapters cover managing kidney disease in gout; vancomycin encapsulated in nanocarriers as therapy for infections caused by resistant bacteria; the etiopathogenesis, evaluation and management outcomes for neutropenia; air pollution and bone mineral density and a review of the literature on health care access and health care utilization on infant mortality rates.

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Volume 23 begins with a focus on Sjogren's syndrome, a multisystem autoimmune disorder caused by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands and characterized by hypofunction of the exocrine glands. Signs and symptoms may include musculoskeletal, neurological, hematological, digestive and nephrological manifestations. The authors present the results of a study that suggest that infrequent and unsystematic supervision, as well as inadequate supervisory skills of in-charges, are critical challenges to effective supervision and leadership. This suggests a need for more frequent supervision and a focus on the importance of training supervisors in supervisory skills, including problem solving and feedback. The subsequent study analyses the engagement designs and management framework of maternal newborn health and HIV/AIDS services using Mkapa Fellows Program (MFP) II wave 1. The 2017 WHO Country Capacity Survey responses are studied to assess the global status of cervical cancer prevention and control through the availability of best buys packages service, population coverage and policy cohesion. A subsequent study attempts to verify whether there are differences in psychosocial risk among police officers from suburban towns and the city center, aiming to identify if localities play a role in the latter. Later, the current state of the art aspects of the C/D ratio is reviewed in conjunction with its possible clinical impacts, including practical considerations for clinicians. A focus on multidrug resistant tuberculosis is provided, and the authors propose that to improve treatment outcomes, a shorter and more economical 9 -- 12 month treatment regimen is necessary. The closing article discusses some current techniques used in dementia mitigation, presenting insight into future treatment trends.

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The aim of Volume 11 is to provide evidence on the indicators of fluid distribution and cellular integrity evaluated by nioelectrical impedance analysis in athletes of different performance levels and non-athletes. The second chapter presents a specific examination of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor among xenobiotic receptors, with a commentary on the preventive and therapeutic abilities of lignans against various diseases associated with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway, including cancers, teratogenesis, inflammatory bowel diseases, osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, leukemias and lymphomas. Additionally, the authors discuss scrub typhus, a bacterial disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi), and how it is recognized as an important cause of fever in Asia. The objective of the next section is to conduct a literature review to identify key risk factors that contribute to the risk of infection and transmission of disease in residential aged care and community care settings. The indications and complications of surgical management of Choanal atresia will be thoroughly illustrated in the followingchapter, mainly focusing on the role of the transnasal endoscopic approach. Recently, a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the creation of more effective drugs for prevention and management of obesity and obesity-related diseases. The penultimate chapter examines the peptide fraction derived from tissue of Antarctic hydrobiont and how it has beneficial effects on the diet induced obesity in rats through the influence on oxidative status, development of inflammation, and disorders of the serotonergic system, which are considered to be the key pathogenic mechanisms of obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. The focus of the final chapter is to describe the demographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics of S. maltophilia infections in pediatric patients during a two year period (2016 to 2018) in a tertiary-care hospital in southern Brazil.

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