Search results for ""author anil markandya""

The issues of technology and uncertainty are very much at the heart of the policy debate of how much to control greenhouse gas emissions. The costs of doing so are present and high while the benefits are very much in the future and, most importantly, they are highly uncertain. Whilst there is broad consensus on the key elements of climate change science and agreement that near-term actions are needed to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, there is little agreement on the costs and benefits of climate policy. The book looks at different ways of reconciling the needs for sustainability and equity with the costs of action now.Presenting a compendium of methodologies for evaluating the economic impact of technological innovation upon climate-change policy, this book describes mathematical models and their predictions. The goal is to provide a practitioner’s guide for doing the science of economics and climate change. Because the assumptions motivating different problems in the economics of climate change have different complexities, a number of models are presented with varying levels of difficulty: reduced-form and structural, partial- and general-equilibrium, closed-form and computational. A unifying theme of these models is the incorporation of a number of price and quantity instruments and an analysis of their respective efficacies. This book presents models that contain structural uncertainty, i.e., uncertainty that economic agents respond to via their risk attitudes. The novelty of this book is to relate the effects of risk and risk attitudes to environment-improving technological innovation.

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Traditional measures of economic activity, such as GDP, take no account of damage done to the stock of natural capital by environmental change nor the loss of welfare that economic activity causes through increased pollution. This book predominantly addresses the second question and develops and expands on previous research by the authors (Markandya and Pavan, 1999). Using spatially desegregated data on measures of pollution to derive economic damage estimates, the main purpose of the book is to gauge the environmental damage sustained as a result of economic activities and to offer an insight into how the information generated can be used in conjunction with conventional economic accounts. The first few chapters review recent developments in both green accounting and pathway analysis. The book goes on to evaluate the progress made in estimating dose response functions and valuing environmental damages. The authors discuss the methodology used for the estimation of damages caused by ambient air pollution and the cost of defensive expenditures. They also present the results of the analysis and draw important policy conclusions for environmental accounting, particularly in the EU. This book will be essential reading for environmental economists, particularly those interested in issues of environmental accounting.

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Measuring Environmental Degradation is a unique book that provides a comprehensive yet concise overview of the key issues of environmental significance addressed as part of the Eurostat 'Environmental Pressure Indicators Project'. The book is part of the 'Towards Environmental Pressure Indicators for the EU' (TEPI) series that has resulted from the project. The book is divided into ten distinct chapters, each one concentrating on a particular environmental policy field, ranging from ozone layer depletion to waste and water pollution. The contributors, each experts in their chosen discipline, provide background information on the main environmental pressures faced by the EU, identify the practical actions necessary to reduce these pressures and reflect upon the process of selecting an imaginative list of pressure indicators. The indicators are intended to describe these pressures, in a highly aggregated format, in order to communicate environmental information clearly and effectively whilst retaining scientific soundness.The book extends discussion by considering the expected benefits of communicating trends in environmental pressures to policymakers and the wider public, and considering whether central political intervention is necessary to deal with problem pressures.As well as offering a valuable insight into the methodological issues and processes concerned with the development of pressure indicators, the book outlines the international framework for each policy field. The work benefits from the diversity of views and approaches proposed by the contributors to create an extensive overview of the subject.This original and topical collection of essays will make valuable reading for researchers and students of environmental studies, environmental policymakers in both governmental and non-governmental institutions as well as anyone with an interest in current environmental issues.

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Tourism is both a growth industry and the world's number one export earner. It is therefore no surprise that the role of tourism is increasingly gaining prominence in the debate over how we can move towards more sustainable patterns of development. An enormous literature has emerged on the three pillars of sustainable development - environment, culture and economics - and on how tourism impacts and interacts with them. This timely and original book is firmly grounded in the theory and application of economics, in contrast to much of the previous research which has tended to adopt an environmental or sociological perspective. Although economics has increasingly become a technical subject, this accessible book aims to present important economics results and relate them explicitly to the policy debate. Using a coherent analytical framework, this unique approach offers prescriptions for moving tourism, and economic development more generally, closer to a sustainable ideal. The authors begin by studying the macroeconomic effect of tourism in terms of growth performance and sources of growth. They also examine how the tourism-growth link is affected by the role of imports in the economy, and how tourism impacts upon land use. Further chapters investigate the important issue of forecasting visitor numbers and explore the need for a comprehensive accounting framework to take account of ecologically sustainable tourism. The authors also examine the microeconomic aspects of sustainable tourism and analyse the increasing popularity of environmentally friendly holidays. Sustainable tourism is a fast-growing subject and this book provides an insightful introduction to the critical economic issues involved. It will interest and inform a broad and varied readership including researchers, students and policymakers interested in tourism economics and tourism management, as well as environmentalists, geographers and development scholars.

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The link between trade and the environment has focused on two broad issues: how changing trade regimes have affected the environment and how stricter environmental regulations have affected trade. The answers are of particular importance to developing and transition countries where the relationship between trade and the environment has a major impact. This unique book, based on eleven case studies undertaken by research institutes in developing countries with the support of UNCTAD and UNDP, provides detailed empirical evidence from Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Malaysia, The Philippines, Poland, Thailand, Turkey and Zimbabwe. The central questions addressed are: has the international programme of trade liberalization affected the environment negatively? are stricter environmental regulations in both developed and developing countries having an effect on exports and imports and how can these effects be addressed? what impacts, if any, result from differences in environmental standards between richer and poorer countries? what impacts have multilateral environmental agreements had on trade flows between developed and developing countries what impacts are firms' voluntary measures to protect the environment having on the export flows from developing and transition countries? The book provides a wealth of information and shows a wide difference of outcomes from country to country, allowing the authors to draw an interesting set of conclusions. It will be useful for students and researchers in environmental and international economics and will be essential reading for policymakers in government and non-governmental organizations.

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Major contemporary issues and debates relating to the sustainable use of energy are addressed in this far-reaching Handbook. The contributing authors discuss the ongoing debates about sustainability and energy use, energy economics, renewable energy, efficiency and climate policy. New and original chapters from leading academics cover the full spectrum of relevant research including: definitions of sustainability in energy use; consumer behavior and energy markets; the impacts of innovation and new technologies; energy economics and climate modeling; low carbon economies and renewable energies. The authors critically engage with perspectives from developed and developing countries, in the context of both global and regional standpoints. This Handbook will make a timely and important contribution to the study of energy, climate change and climate economics and will prove essential reading for international researchers in the fields of natural resources, climate change and energy. Students in environmental science faculties, economics departments, business schools and engineering schools will also find this important and enriching compendium insightful. Policy makers in energy and environment ministries and international organizations will also find much topical debate to engage them in this resource.Contributors: L.M. Abadie, S. Abdullah, A. Ansuategi, E.J. Anthony, R. Bailis, A. Bigano, M. Bonacina, K. Button, H. Cabal, J.M. Chamorro, J. Chevallier, A. Creti, S. Dorigoni, M. Escapa, M. Evans, P.S. Fennell, R. Fouquet, T.J. Foxon, I. Galarraga, M.C. Gallastegui, T. Gómez, A.G. Gómez-Plana, M. González-Eguino, K. Halsnæs, G.P. Hammond, M.J.W. Harmsen-van Hout, P.B.R. Hazell, D.R. Heres, J.I. Hormaeche, C.I. Jones, K. Karlsson, X. Labandeira, M. Labriet, A. Lanza, Y. Lechón, C.-Y.C. Lin, P. Linares, R. Madlener, A. Markandya, E. Menichetti, L. Olmos, R.A. Ortiz, I. Pérez-Arriaga, R. Pierfederici, K. Pittel, T. Reisz, M. Rivier, R. Rodrigues, D. Rübbelke, J.L. Sáenz de Ormijana, A. Stirling, E. Strumse, T. Suzuki, E. Verdolini, H. Westskog, T. Winther, G. Yoshizawa

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Major contemporary issues and debates relating to the sustainable use of energy are addressed in this far-reaching Handbook. The contributing authors discuss the ongoing debates about sustainability and energy use, energy economics, renewable energy, efficiency and climate policy. New and original chapters from leading academics cover the full spectrum of relevant research including: definitions of sustainability in energy use; consumer behavior and energy markets; the impacts of innovation and new technologies; energy economics and climate modeling; low carbon economies and renewable energies. The authors critically engage with perspectives from developed and developing countries, in the context of both global and regional standpoints. This Handbook will make a timely and important contribution to the study of energy, climate change and climate economics and will prove essential reading for international researchers in the fields of natural resources, climate change and energy. Students in environmental science faculties, economics departments, business schools and engineering schools will also find this important and enriching compendium insightful. Policy makers in energy and environment ministries and international organizations will also find much topical debate to engage them in this resource.Contributors: L.M. Abadie, S. Abdullah, A. Ansuategi, E.J. Anthony, R. Bailis, A. Bigano, M. Bonacina, K. Button, H. Cabal, J.M. Chamorro, J. Chevallier, A. Creti, S. Dorigoni, M. Escapa, M. Evans, P.S. Fennell, R. Fouquet, T.J. Foxon, I. Galarraga, M.C. Gallastegui, T. Gómez, A.G. Gómez-Plana, M. González-Eguino, K. Halsnæs, G.P. Hammond, M.J.W. Harmsen-van Hout, P.B.R. Hazell, D.R. Heres, J.I. Hormaeche, C.I. Jones, K. Karlsson, X. Labandeira, M. Labriet, A. Lanza, Y. Lechón, C.-Y.C. Lin, P. Linares, R. Madlener, A. Markandya, E. Menichetti, L. Olmos, R.A. Ortiz, I. Pérez-Arriaga, R. Pierfederici, K. Pittel, T. Reisz, M. Rivier, R. Rodrigues, D. Rübbelke, J.L. Sáenz de Ormijana, A. Stirling, E. Strumse, T. Suzuki, E. Verdolini, H. Westskog, T. Winther, G. Yoshizawa

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As governments around the world work towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, the trans-disciplinary topic of oceans management is fast being recognized as one of the most important challenges of the twenty-first century. This timely Handbook takes stock of the state of knowledge on ecosystem services derived from coastal and marine areas and offers innovative proposals for the future of this important topic. The Handbook on the Economics and Management of Sustainable Oceans brings together a carefully chosen collection of world-class contributions from ecology, economics and other development sciences. It provides policy-relevant scientific information on key topics such as ecosystem services from marine and coastal ecosystems and the nuances of economic valuation. Detailed chapters also consider relevant legal and sociological response policies for effective management of marine areas for enhanced human well-being. This comprehensive Handbook will be essential reading for advanced students and academics in economics, environment studies and resource management. The contributors also focus on the nexus of science-society and science-policy with the objective of educating decision-makers in governmental agencies, industry and civil society.Contributors include: M. Bailey, Y. Beaudoin, D. Belhabib, R. Billé, F. Bosello, J.H. Brito, V. Burgener, S. Bush, N. Carlson, S. Cataudella, L. Chabason, W. Chen, W. Cheung, G. da Fonseca, O.G. Dávila, E. Delpiazzo, S.T.M. Dissanayake, P. Drankier, I. Drysdale, S. Dupont, F. Eboli, G. Fauville, N. Ferri, D. Fezzardi, M.R. Flores, Y. Fujita, B. Galil, M. Garmendia, A. Ghermandi, E. Giacomello, A. Giannouli, G. Gitti, J. Gowdy, R.A. Groeneveld, M. Hamid, S. Hansen, L. Hansson, L. Karrer, M. Kettunen, E. Kotoroni, P. Koundouri, V. Lam, H. Lindhjem, M. Loureiro, K. Magnussen, E. Mailli, A. Markandya, F. Marques, J. Marsden, F. Massa, J. Matos de Sousa, M. McField, G. Menezes, M. Metian, D. Miller, B. Milligan, K. Mintenbeck, E.Y. Mohammed, E.J. Molenaar, R. Mongruel, K. Mutafoglu, S. Navrud, P.A.L.D. Nunes, D.O. Obura, E. Ojea, N. Okubo, L. Onofri, A. Onuma, M. Omori, D. Osborn, A. Pacheco Capella, A. Padilla, C. Papagianni, M. Pascual, D. Pauly, A.G. Petersen, R. Pott, H. Ralison, A. Ressurreição, J. Ribeiro, J. Richardson, J. Rochette, D. Russi, M. Samoilys, C. Santos, L.V. Santuario, P. Scheren, J.-P. Schweitzer, M. Seneque, C. Severin, P. Shah, I. Souliotis, A. Srour, P. Steele, D. Steinbach, R.M. Sultan, R. Sumaila, L.E. Svensson, V. Sweeney, J. Tanzer, P. ten Brink, L. The, F. Thevenon, J. van den Bergh, D. Waruinge, E. Watkins, S. Withana, P. Ziveri

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This book reports and rationalizes the state-of-the-art concerning the social costs of electricity generation. Social costs are assessed by adding to the private generation costs, the external costs associated with damages to human health, the environment, crops, materials, and those related to the consequences of climate change. The authors consider the evolution of these costs up to 2030 for major electricity generating technologies and, using these estimates, evaluate policy options for external cost internalization, providing quantitative scenarios by country and primary fuel for 2010, 2020 and 2030. While mainly focusing on European countries, the book also examines the situation in key emerging economies such as China, India, Brazil and Turkey.With an analysis of the policies for external costs internalization, this invaluable book will appeal to energy policymakers, research institutions focusing on energy, environmental and energy NGOs and trade associations, as well as energy companies.

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This major book makes a significant contribution to the development of economic principles and practice for natural resource management in Third World countries.The 1980s witnessed the second environmental revolution: its theme is 'sustainable development'. This book offers a definition of sustainable development in terms of the non-depletion of natural environments. It investigates the economic implications of sustainability, with special reference to the practice of cost-benefit analysis and problems of accounting for the interests of future generations. The major part of the book is devoted to an analysis of environmental problems in the developing world. The essential ingredients of policy measures aimed at sustainable development are discussed.

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Environmental Economics for Sustainable Growth is a specially designed handbook for trainers, practitioners and government advisors involved in environmental policy making. It will enable professionals to initiate and implement environmental economic studies and identify policies and investments which will ensure sustainable development in their respective countries.The book focuses on economic tools but also encompasses ecological and sociological perspectives, all of which are essential to any successful environmental policy. The authors highlight the major issues in environmental policy making and the analysis of projects with environmental impacts. Features include: sustainable development in a global context macroeconomic policies and the environment environmental policies and priorities legal and institutional dimensions integration of environmental assessment into project analysis valuation techniques and case studies. This handbook will be of immense use in the training of policymakers, practitioners, and students of environmental policy as well as development managers and scholars working in the areas of environment and development.

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Environmental Economics for Sustainable Growth is a specially designed handbook for trainers, practitioners and government advisors involved in environmental policy making. It will enable professionals to initiate and implement environmental economic studies and identify policies and investments which will ensure sustainable development in their respective countries.The book focuses on economic tools but also encompasses ecological and sociological perspectives, all of which are essential to any successful environmental policy. The authors highlight the major issues in environmental policy making and the analysis of projects with environmental impacts. Features include: sustainable development in a global context macroeconomic policies and the environment environmental policies and priorities legal and institutional dimensions integration of environmental assessment into project analysis valuation techniques and case studies. This handbook will be of immense use in the training of policymakers, practitioners, and students of environmental policy as well as development managers and scholars working in the areas of environment and development.

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