Search results for ""Author Gennady Zaikov""

The basic problem of polymer physics is obtaining âstructure-propertiesâ correlations for their future application for practical purposes. However, these cannot be obtained without the development of a quantitative model of the polymer structure.This problem has been actively investigated during the last 45 years, which resulted in obtaining a great amount of experimental (mostly indirect) proofs of existence of the local order in the polymer amorphous state. Now, the time has come for creating a structural model of polymer basing based on the local order ideas. The cluster model, as presented in this monograph, of the polymer amorphous state structure represents the realization of such attempts. The development of this cluster model is based on well-known experimental observation: the behavior of glassy polymers in the area of stimulated high-elasticity plateau is described in the framework of rubber elasticity concepts. This gives an opportunity to present the loc

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The book generally shows the interrelation between allyl unit structure of the initial ester and composition and structure of its products. The first part studies the pathways of chemical regrouping in chlorallylaryl and bisarylallyl esters using quantum-chemical calculations. Energy parameters, structural features and electron structure of intermediates and transition states are also discussed. Simple and regioselective methods for compound synthesis inaccessible in other production techniques are developed. For the first time, new four- and eight-term nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds were produced by aniline alkenylation technique. In 0.05% aqueous solution these compounds displayed 100% activity in suppression of sulfate-reducing bacterium growth. Two new classes of complex action preparations designed for the oil production rate increase were obtained by heterocyclic amine alkenylation. Production methods for N-alkenyl ammonium salts derived from hexamethylene tetramine are developed and introduced into production, and compounds are used on oil fields. In the second part production methods of new mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-tert-butyl hexamethylene tetramine chlorides are discussed. These compounds fully suppress sulfate-reducing bacterium growth already in 200 – 500 mg/l concentration. A universal technology deriving bactericides and sulfide corrosion inhibitors for metals from methallyl chloride is developed. It also gives a method for organochlorine waste and methallyl chloride production wastewater management, safe for the environment.

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There are obvious benefits in using flame-retardants, as many human lives and property are saved from fire. A large number of compounds have been identified as being used as flame-retardants. At present, knowledge of long-term effects resulting from exposure to flame retardants and their breakdown products is limited. The aim of this volume in the book series New Concepts in Polymer Science is to provide a general overview of the nature, mechanism of action, use and environmental hazards for a number of flame-retardants. This monograph (together with the book by the same authors, Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy (1999) will valuable to anyone interested in the field of flame-retardant chemicals.

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The book is devoted to kinetics and thermodynamics of the processes with participation of some biological compounds and their synthetic analogues. Aspects of their acting as model enzymes, molecular receptors, photo sensitizers, pharmocophores, and biopharmaceutical compounds are under consideration. Quantitative characteristics of transfer of cations, anions and small organic molecules, fermentative catalysis, diffusion of the drug molecular through biological membranes are found. Mechanisms of the processes are discussed. Biological activity of studied compounds is evaluated. Bio-damages of materials as well as adhesions of microorganisms on materials surface are investigated.

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This book deals with the ecological aspects of polymer flame retardation. It deals with methods for estimating polymer flammability, the mode of action of modern flame retardants, and ecological concerns of the most used halogenated flame retardants.

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This book considers general aspects of the theory of polymers applied in optics. The main factors affecting the light loss in polymeric wave beam guides (PG) are discussed, and the mechanism of light loss in PG is analysed. Polymers applied in fiber optics are classified with reference to methods of fabrication and purification of the materials. Technological aspects of material fabrication are considered together with kinetic aspects of polymerisation. Updated information on polymerisation kinetics of MMA and styrene, and copolymerisation of these monomers with each other is reported. Other topics discussed in the book are heterogeneity of optic copolymers, association between structure and reactivity of monomers, other properties of optic copolymers, and areas of their commercial application. This volume will be of value and interest to anyone working in the field of optic polymers, both in academia and industry.

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The monograph is intended for elucidation of the novel trend in chemical physics regarding the polymer non-crystalline phase. It stresses the physical phenomena affecting the kinetics and mechanism of chemical reactions proceeding in the non-crystalline polymer matrix (NCPM). NCPM is depicted in terms of a supramolecular (carcass-micellar) model. The model is thought to reflect heterophase packing of polymeric chains, which co-operate as a molecular-chain sponge. The NCPM model presented is proved for adequate description of principal structure-physical phenomena to elaborate the scheme of structural-kinetic modeling of chemical reactions in bulky polymers. Structure-physical phenomena elucidated in the monograph are: - peculiarities of polymer plasticization and polymer blending with liquids; - structural and thermodynamic aspects of sorption of low molecular species; - properties of ESR (spin) probes and optical (molecular) probes; - features of water absorbed by polymers; - mechanical and thermal effects generated by the molecular-chain sponge; - supramolecular aspects of NCPM chemical physics. This monograph includes the structural-kinetic modeling of complex polymer chemical reactions. It deals with the problem of mechanism and kinetics of free radical chain reactions using thermal and photochemical model reactions of dibenzoyl peroxide with glassy-like polymers (cellulose triacetate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyamide PA-548), viscoelastic polymers (atactic polypropylene, polyamide PA-548, polyethylene, polyisobutylene, melted poly(ethylene oxide), and isotactic polypropylene. In all cases, the supramolecular heterophase mechanism of the processes, which was unknown for homogeneous systems, was proved. Furthermore, heterophase mechanisms of photochemical reaction between naphthalene and cellulose triacetate and photolysis of poly(methyl methacrylate) proceeding as a photochain reaction are indicated.

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To identify the specific features of the kinetics of oxidation of polymer mixtures, determine the key structural elements, and create a model that can describe the mechanism of thermal oxidation of polymer mixtures, it is necessary to determine the relation between the initial structure of a polymer mixture, structural rearrangements associated with oxidation and the kinetics of the process. The aim of this book is to elucidate the complicated problem concerning the connection between the structure and mechanism of oxidation of heterogeneous and heterophase polymer systems. The material presented in this book concerns the specific features of the kinetics of oxidation and those of the structure of polymer systems. The book deals with an analysis of the key factors that can affect principally the mechanism of thermal oxidation of polymer mixtures, determines the role of the phase morphology, structure of components, and the interface layer (or boundary) in the kinetics of oxidation of heterophase system by an example of mixtures of polyolefines. Along with the kinetics of oxidation of heterophase systems, problems of investigation of their structural parameters in the oxidized state are considered. With this aim, the material presented in the book concerns not only the mechanism of oxidation of polymer mixtures but also homopolymers of diverse morphology and model systems.

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The monograph is intended to systematize data on active sites and their kinetic and stereospecific heterogeneity (polysite phenomenon) in olefin and diene monomer ion, ion-coordination and complex radical polymerization processes. Questions of molecular-mass distribution of polymers obtained by ion and ion-coordination polymerization methods are discussed together with composition and stereo regularity distribution of olefin copolymers. Data on the influence of transition and non-transition metal origin and their ligand ambience, conditions of catalytic system preparation and polymerization are shown. Various assessment methods of polymerization active site distribution by kinetic activity and stereospecific action are considered. In particular, an assessment method for kinetic activity distribution at ion-coordination diene polymerization is described, mathematical simulation parameters for polymerization processes are shown, taking into account the polysite structure of catalytic systems. Of special attention are geometrical and electron structure of active sites in the ion-coordination polymerization by the quantum chemistry method, interrelation between reactivity of some types of active sites and stereospecificity of their action in diene polymerization. The importance of ratio between specific time elementary act duration at the diene injection, coordinated on an active site, and time of propagating macrochain end unit existence in the s-state at polydiene microstructure formation is indicated. Questions of the polysite mechanism occurrence in complex radical polymerization processes are discussed. A possibility for polymerization to proceed in both free-radical and complex related chain propagation sites is shown.

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