Search results for ""author roy"

The vivid, personal accounts of four women who lived and travelled as settlers in early British Columbia“…a cloud passing away from the face of the moon revealed a band of wild horses bearing down upon us at a full gallop. As they came near and saw us they divided into two groups, passing by on either side. Had the moon not come out they would probably have become entangled in our tent ropes, and we should not have lived to tell the tale.”—Violet Sillitoe, between Osoyoos and PentictonThe women in this book were trailblazers. The frontiers they lived on were not only geographical but personal. As they left the drawing rooms of England and eastern Canada for new lives in the far West, social patterns were disrupted, and the status quo dissolved. On the wagon roads and river boats of nineteenth-century British Columbia, they found risks, opportunities and freedoms far beyond those familiar to their more settled contemporaries. By Snowshoe, Buckboard and Steamer tells four extraordinary stories of life on the unruly edge of empire.Winner of the 1998 BC Lieutenant Governor’s Medal for Historical Writing.

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“Our well beloved dead who died that we might live.”In the town of Merritt, in British Columbia’s Nicola Valley, stands a granite cenotaph erected in memory of 44 men who died soldiering in the First World War. Those men came from a Nicola Valley that had been suddenly and dramatically settled just a decade before by the will of railway executives and the arrival of British colliers.Twelve of those soldiers are the subject of these pages—and through them, we meet the men, women and children of the Nicola Valley, the dead and their survivors: the people who built and were built by a Canadian community that was also distinctly British Columbian.

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In 1913, the BC government hired G.B. Milligan and E.B. Hart to each lead a small expedition that spent 18 months exploring the northeastern part of British Columbia. These expeditions helped provide the first detailed information of this region. Unfortunately, World War I began just as these men completed their work, and the information they gathered got filed away and forgotten in the shadow of the Great War. Now, on the centennial of these expeditions, historian Jay Sherwood's new book documents the Milligan and Hart expeditions. He reveals what their expeditions accomplished and he shows readers what northern BC was like 100 years ago.

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At the height of Pacific-coast steamship travel in the late 1800s and early 1900s, passengers enjoyed a sit-down dinner served on china with silver flatware. Today, the only places you can still find this china is at flea markets and antique shops or by diving at old dock sites and on shipwrecks.Pacific Coast Ship China identifies and dates shipping china used along the Pacific coast of North America. It covers china used on vessels and in-shore establishments of shipping organizations registered in Alaska, Yukon Territory, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho and Hawaii; it describes patterns used in coastal, intercoastal and transpacific services. In addition to passenger vessels, it documents the china used by freighter operations, oil companies, government services and yacht clubs.This easy-to-use guide identifies almost 300 china patterns. It provides collectors, museum technicians, divers, history buffs and anyone else interested in identifying and dating Pacific-coast ship china with all the information they need. It also includes brief descriptions of 73 Pacific-coast shipping companies and government services.

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Dr Gregory Kenicer brings us a concise but through exploration of plants and their names in the Scots language through the ages. Presented as a dictionary, and covering a vast variety of flower, funghi and mosses, this book seeks to present the rich history of these plants and how they rooted themselves firmly in the language of the people of Scotland.

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A comprehensive account of the history, accession, care and maintainance of RBGE's living plant collection across our four Gardens.

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Sir Michael Craig-Martin CBE RA (b. 1941) is an important figure in British conceptual art, and among the most influential artists and teachers of his generation. Since his rise to prominence in the late 1960s he has moved between sculpture, installation, painting, drawing and print, creating works that fuse elements of pop, minimalism and conceptual art. His work transforms everyday objects from buckets and ladders to trainers, mobile phones and laptops with bold colours and simple, uninflected lines. Renowned as an art educator, he has inspired generations of artists, including the YBAs. This handsome book, the catalogue of the largest exhibition of Craig-Martin's work to have been mounted in the UK, contains thought-provoking texts by the critics Michael Bracewell and Richard Cork, and an illuminating conversation between the artist and the writer Carolina Grau.

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Translated from the original Japanese, this book is for undergraduate and graduate students as well as young researchers beginning their exploration of coordination chemistry.

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This book expands on understanding and provides in-depth and insightful discussion on the mechanistic, pre-clinical and clinical applications of nanomedicine in cardiovascular disease.

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This book presents the latest research in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Heterogeneous catalysis and homogeneous catalysis are important factors in increasing the development of green chemistry. Some of the challenges that we are responsible for are directing research efforts toward increasing the kinetics of heterogeneous catalysis to homogeneous catalysis levels, improving the recyclability of the catalysts, and developing new supports that can act as catalysts or cocatalysts. Following reaction kinetics and mechanisms on supported catalysts provides the degree of precision and accuracy already enjoyed by the homogeneous catalysis community. The editors present an easily-accessible digest for researchers and a reference aimed at offering guidance to new researchers in the field.

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An amphiphile is a molecule that contains a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part, linked by covalent bonding. Supramolecular amphiphiles (supra-amphiphiles) are amphiphiles linked by non-covalent interactions. As they employ non-covalent interactions, these species demonstrate adaptability and reversibility in conformational transformation, making them one of the most important emerging species in supramolecular chemistry. They have proven important in bridging the gap between molecular architecture and functional assembly. This book is written and edited by the current leaders in the topic and contains a foreword from Professor Jean-Marie Lehn, a father of the supramolecular chemistry field. Bringing together supramolecular chemistry and colloidal and interfacial science, the book provides a detailed and systematic introduction to supramolecular amphiphiles. Chapters explain how to employ non-covalent interactions to fabricate supra-amphiphiles. The book opens with an introduction to the history and development of the field, followed by chapters focussing on each type of interaction, including host-guest interaction, electrostatic interaction, charge-transfer interaction, hydrogen bonding and dynamic covalent bonds. This book will be a valuable resource for students new to this field and experienced researchers wanting to explore the wider context of their work.

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Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) can generate a voltage when physically deformed. Conversely, an applied small voltage or electrical field can induce an array of spectacular large deformation or actuation behaviours in IPMCs, such as bending, twisting, rolling, twirling, steering and undulating. An important smart material, IPMCs have applications in energy harvesting and as self-powered strain or deformation sensors, especially suitable for monitoring the shape of dynamic structures. Other uses include soft actuation applications and as a material for biomimetic robotic soft artificial muscles in industrial and medical contexts. This comprehensive set on ionic polymer metal composites provides a broad coverage of the state of the art and recent advances in the field written by some of the world's leading experts on various characterizations and modeling of IPMCs. The first two chapters cover the fundamentals of IPMCs and methodologies for their manufacture, followed by specific

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Working principally in drawing and print media on paper, Emma Stibbon RA depicts landscapes and environments that are undergoing dynamic transformation, among them the polar regions, volcanic areas, deserts and coastal and urban locations. Her approach is driven by her desire to understand how human activity and the forces of nature are shaping our surroundings: As an artist, I feel committed to representing the impact of these changes, be they natural or human. My impulse is to draw, to act as a witness.'A regular traveller, Stibbon undertakes field research alongside geologists and scientists; on her return to her Bristol studio, she works from her sketches and photographic records to create large-scale drawn and printed artworks that testify to the fragility of our existence.Full of Stibbon's new work, this beautifully designed book contains a foreword by Caroline Lucas MP, an engaging interview with the artist by Sara Cooper, a text on the sublime in nature and art

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The Hispanic Society of America in New York is the vision of Archer M. Huntington (1870–1955). From an early age, Huntington developed an abiding love both of Hispanic culture and of museums and libraries. He resolved to devote his considerable fortune to combining these two passions, and carried out his project so resourcefully that the collections he assembled remain exceptional for their depth and richness, displaying the culture of Spain and Latin America in the broadest sense. Their scope ranges from the prehistoric era to the early 20th century, including antiquities, decorative arts, Islamic works, manuscripts and rare books as well as superb canvases by Old Masters such as El Greco, Velázquez and Goya. This handsome new publication features an introduction to Archer M. Huntington and the Hispanic Society by Patrick Lenaghan, the Society’s Head Curator of Prints, Photographs and Sculpture, and plates and catalogue entries on some of its greatest treasures by the Society’s curators.

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A collection of the award-winning architect's travel sketches, showing inspirational buildings across the globe. Includes Sydney Opera House, St Paul's Cathedral and the Tokyo skyline. Chris Wilkinson, the founder of the architectural practice WilkinsonEyre, is responsible for beautiful buildings and structures in London and beyond, including the Gasholders at King's Cross, the redevelopment of Battersea Power Station, and the Gateshead Millennium Bridge. In this appealing publication, Wilkinson presents the sketches he makes while travelling for business and leisure, usually focusing on inspirational buildings or urban cityscapes. His travels have taken him as far afield as the West Indies, Russia, Egypt, Australia and Japan. Wherever he goes, he finds an hour or two to sit and sketch - whether in a hotel room with a view or on a cafe terrace with a cappuccino. From the medieval Tuscan town of Lucca to ancient Egyptian architecture, the Sydney Opera House and the skylines of London, Tokyo and New York, Wilkinson introduces each sketch and ruminates on his work, his travels, and the cities and buildings that have most inspired him.

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Food additives have played and still play an essential role in the food industry. Additives span a great range from simple materials like sodium bicarbonate, essential in the kitchen for making cakes, to mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, an essential emulsifier in low fat spreads and in bread. It has been popular to criticise food additives, and in so doing, to lump them all together, but this approach ignores their diversity of history, source and use. This book includes food additives and why they are used, safety of food additives in Europe, additive legislation within the EU and outside Europe and the complete listing of all additives permitted in the EU. The law covering food additives in the EU which was first harmonised in 1989 has been amended frequently since then, but has now been consolidated with the publication of Regulations 1331/2008 and 1129/2011. This 4th edition of the Guide brings it up to date with the changes introduced by this legislation and by the ongoing review of additives by EFSA. Providing an invaluable resource for food and drink manufacturers, this book is the only work covering in detail every additive, its sources and uses. Those working in and around the food industry, students of food science and indeed anyone with an interest in what is added to their food will find this a practical book full of fascinating details.

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In recent years, several new concepts have emerged in the field of stratospheric ozone depletion, creating a need for a concise in-depth publication covering the ozone-climate issue. This monograph fills that void in the literature and gives detailed treatment of recent advances in the field of stratospheric ozone depletion. It puts particular emphasis on the coupling between changes in the ozone layer and atmospheric change caused by a changing climate. The book, written by leading experts in the field, brings the reader the most recent research in this area and fills the gap between advanced textbooks and assessments.

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Advanced memory technologies are impacting the information era, representing a vibrant research area of huge interest in the electronics industry. The demand for data storage, computing performance and energy efficiency is increasing exponentially and will exceed the capabilities of current information technologies. Alternatives to traditional silicon technology and novel memory principles are expected to meet the need of modern data-intensive applications such as “big data” and artificial intelligence (AI). Functional materials or methodologies may find a key role in building novel, high speed and low power consumption computing and data storage systems. This book covers functional materials and devices in the data storage areas, alongside electronic devices with new possibilities for future computing, from neuromorphic next generation AI to in-memory computing. Summarizing different memory materials and devices to emphasize the future applications, graduate students and researchers can systematically learn and understand the design, materials characteristics, device operation principles, specialized device applications and mechanisms of the latest reported memory materials and devices.

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In a classical kinetic resolution, two enantiomers of a racemate are transformed into chiral products at different rates with a maximum theoretical yield of 50%. However, the need to reduce costs and waste in synthesis have led to efforts to develop novel resolution procedures proceeding beyond this 50% limited yield. This has led to the evolution of classical kinetic resolution into dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR), allowing a quantitative yield of one of the enantiomers. DKR combines the resolution step of kinetic resolution with an in-situ racemization of the chirally-labile substrate. It is only in the last two decades that chiral green organocatalysts have been demonstrated to be capable of promoting DKRs considerably expanding the synthetic scope of the powerful concept of DKR. Collecting all the developments in the field of DKR, this book shows that a wide variety of organocatalysts allow excellent levels of stereocontrol and yields in many types of transformations. It is a great resource for academics and industrialists interested in green enantioselective catalytic reactions.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance has proved a uniquely versatile and powerful spectroscopic technique, with applications across chemistry, physics and medicine. The success of NMR and its constant redevelopment means that the literature is vast and wide-ranging. Each chapter in this volume is a distillation of the key recent literature in different areas covering the spectrum of NMR theory and practice, and including solution-state, solid-state and in-vivo NMR. These reports will be invaluable both for new researchers wishing to engage with literature for the first time, and for seasoned practitioners, particularly service managers, wishing to keep in touch with the ever-expanding ways in which NMR is used.

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Nanoparticles can be synthesised via a number of methods, including chemical vapor deposition, ball milling, laser ablation, thermal decomposition and chemical reduction. Chemical reduction is usually preferred, due to its ease and cost-effectiveness. There are several types of compound used as reducing agents in nanoparticle synthesis, and one recent development is the use of biological entities as environmentally friendly reductants. This book will highlight the role of reducing agents in the chemical synthesis of nanoparticle systems, presenting the main categories of reducing agents, which vary on reactivity, selectivity, availability and toxicity. It will provide a comprehensive presentation of both modern and more conventional types of reagents. Emphasis will be given on the presentation not only of the functionality, but also of all the different advantages and limitations of each kind of reducing agent. With contributions from global experts, this title will be appropriate for graduate students and researchers in nanochemistry, colloidal synthesis, inorganic chemistry, organometallic chemistry, chemical engineering, physical chemistry, materials science, biology and physics.

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials constructed from metal ions/clusters and organic linkers, combining the merits of both organic and inorganic components. Due to high porosity, rich functionalities, well-defined open channels and diverse structures, MOFs show great potentials in field such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, and sensing. Combining them with polymers tunes their chemical, mechanical, electrical and optical properties, and endows MOFs with processability. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous materials built from organic molecular units with diverse structures and applications. Hybrid materials with intriguing properties can be achieved by appropriate preparation methods and careful selection of MOFs/COFs and polymers, broadening their potential applications. This book documents the latest research progress in MOF/COF-polymer hybrid materials and reviews and summarises hybridization strategies to achieve MOF/COF polymeric composites. It also introduces various applications and potential applicable scenarios of hybrid MOF/COF polymers. Hybrid Metal–Organic Framework and Covalent Organic Framework Polymers offers an overview to readers who are new to this field, and will appeal to graduate students and researchers working on porous materials, polymers, hybrid materials, and supramolecular chemistry.

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Food additives play a vital role in allowing food manufacturers to provide the range of foods that are available in the developed countries of the world. Additives cover a considerable range from the recognisable sodium bicarbonate used to make cakes in the domestic kitchen to mono- and di-acetyltartaric esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids used as emulsifiers in commercial bread production. They include curcumin, the yellow colour in turmeric, beeswax and citric acid, the acid in citrus fruit, as well as substances prepared synthetically. It has long been fashionable in the media to criticise additives and, in so doing, to lump them all together but this ignores their diversity, their vital role in food production and preservation and the extensive testing they have undergone before being approved. This book outlines why additives are used, the testing regime within Europe, and a complete listing of all additives permitted within the EU. The law covering food additives in the EU, which was harmonised in 1989, has been revised a number of times, most recently by the publication of Regulations 1333/2008 and 1129/2011. These Regulations have been amended a number times with additives being removed or added. This fifth edition of the Guide brings it up to date with a revision of every chapter to reflect the current situation. Providing an invaluable resource for food and drink manufacturers, this book is the only work covering in detail every additive, its sources and uses. Those working in and around the food industry, students of food science and indeed anyone with an interest in what is in their food will find this a practical book full of fascinating details.

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This book outlines the unparalleled potential of NMR relaxation experiments to elucidate molecular dynamics for undergraduates to academics and those in industry.

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The use of adhesives is widespread and growing. There are few modern artefacts, from simple food packing to complex jumbo jets, that are without this means of adhesive joining. Fully updated and revised, Adhesion Science 2nd Edition provides an illuminating account of the science underlying the use of adhesives; technology fundamental to the science of coatings and composite materials, and to the performance of all types of bonded structures. This book guides the reader through essential polymer science to the chemistry of adhesives currently in use. It discusses surface preparation for adhesive bonding, the use of primers and coupling agents and includes a simple guide on stress distribution joints and considerations for testing. Adhesion Science also examines the interaction of adhesives and the environment, including an analysis of the resistance of joints to water, oxygen and ultra-violet light. This book is a comprehensive introduction to the chemistry of adhesives ideal not only for chemists, but any students with a background in physical or materials science.

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Legalization of cannabis extracts around the world has led to a resurgence of interest into research surrounding endocannabinoids (eCBs) and the endocannabinoid system. This system is formed of a complex array of receptors, metabolic enzymes and transporters that finely tune the manifold biological activities of eCBs and there is an urgent need for the development of selective drugs to dissect the contribution of eCBs to the aetiology of various diseases. New Tools to Interrogate Endocannabinoid Signalling comprehensively covers the innovative research into both natural and synthetic compounds that affect this pathway and taking a target-based approach, assesses their potential for therapeutic use. With contributions from global leaders in the field, this timely volume will be a valuable resource to pharmaceutical researchers and medicinal chemists working in natural products and endocannabinoid drug discovery in academia and industry.

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Oxidation reactions are an important chemical transformation in both academia and industry. Among the major advances in the field has been the development of catalytic processes, which are not only selective and efficient, but also allow the replacement of common stoichiometric oxidants with molecular oxygen, ideally from air at atmospheric pressure. This results in processes with higher atom efficiency, where water is the only side product in line with the principles of green chemistry. Focusing on the use of molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant, this book covers recent advances in both heterogeneous and homogeneous systems, with and without metals and on the “taming” of the highly reactive oxygen gas by use of micro-flow reactors and membranes. A useful reference for industrial and academic chemists working on oxidation processes, as well as green chemists.

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Nutrients can act as signalling molecules to initiate or mediate signalling transduction that regulates cell function and homeostasis. As such, altered nutrient status has been linked to dysregulated transcripts and protein expression, which affects mitochondrial function, autophagy, inflammation, metabolism and even gut microbiota. This book disseminates the cutting-edge knowledge pertaining to nutritional signalling activities in metabolism and metabolic derangements (e.g., obesity and diabetes), which covers the regulatory mechanisms and dietary interventions for disease prevention. This book represents current nutritional and metabolic research. From the basic (molecular science) perspective, it covers metabolomics, proteomics, nutrigenomics, nuclear receptors and transcription factors, inflammatory pathways, autophagy, mitochondrial health and gut microbiota. From the clinical (translational science) perspective, this book covers clinical trials, precision nutrition, maternal nutrition and transgenerational health, and allometric scaling of dietary bioactives in translational metabolic research. It brings to the reader in-depth understanding of the nutritional aspect, cellular and molecular biology, as well as pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. In addition, each chapter in this book includes a component of future direction or intervention perspective, making the new knowledge transformative and translational. Aimed at researchers and professionals interested in nutrition, dietetics and metabolic disorders, this book will also appeal to health science researchers.

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Cucurbiturils (CBs) are a young family of molecular containers, able to form stable complexes with various guests, including drug molecules, amino acids and peptides, saccharides, dyes, hydrocarbons, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, and proteins. Since the discovery of the first CB, the field has seen tremendous growth with respect to the synthesis of new homologues and derivatives, the discovery of record binding affinities of guest molecules in their hydrophobic cavity, and associated applications ranging from sensing to drug delivery. Cucurbiturils and Related Macrocycles provides a complete overview of CB chemistry, covering the fundamental aspects including its history, synthesis, host–guest chemistry and the thermodynamic basis thereof. The book will tackle specialist topics such as redox chemistry of CB complexes and CBs in the gas phase, and will address the recent trends of the application of CBs in other fields including biology and materials. Edited by a pioneer of cucurbituril chemistry, and with contributions from global experts, this title will appeal to students and researchers working in supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, nanotechnology, organic chemistry, biochemistry and chemical biology.

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Lithium-ion batteries are an established technology with recent large-scale batteries finding emerging markets for electric vehicles and household energy storage. Battery research during the past two decades has focussed on practical improvements to available batteries, such as cell design to enhance energy density, which are currently nearing their maximum potential. We must now consider alternative avenues of research in pursuit of a new breakthrough in this technology. This book collects authoritative perspectives from leading researchers to project the emerging opportunities in the field of lithium-ion batteries. Covering topics including anode and cathode materials, electrolytes, emerging markets and the challenges and opportunities of lithium-ion battery supply, it will provide researchers with cutting-edge leads to advance the next generation of materials. Edited by a pioneer in the field, and with contributions from experts from across the globe, this book will be of use to graduate students and researchers in academia and industry interested in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage.

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The hydrogen economy is receiving increased attention due to concerns around the consequences of fossil fuel use, and hydrogen has great potential as a way to reduce reliance on traditional energy sources. Increased hydrogen supplies using cleaner methods are seen as essential for potential hydrogen based power systems for transportation and renewable energy conversion into fuel. Electrochemical Methods for Hydrogen Production provides a comprehensive picture of the various routes to use electricity to produce hydrogen using electrochemical science and technology. The book provides an overview of the fundamentals of electrochemical cells and performance characterisation, as well as a comparison of current applications. It also includes the various types of electrolysers currently used commercially and the range of new electrolysis processes, including photo-electrochemical, biological and thermal energy techniques. Edited by an expert in the field, this title will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in academia and industry working in energy, electrochemistry, physical chemistry and chemical engineering.

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Vitamin E was discovered in 1922 by Evans and Bishop as an essential micronutrient for reproduction in rats. The active substance was isolated in 1936 by Evans and was named tocopherol, although the tocopherols and tocotrienols are actually a group of eight isomeric molecules that are characterized by a chromanol ring structure and a side chain. Providing an overview of the state-of-the-art of the chemistry of vitamin E, this book reflects the issues stemming from the complexity of the role and actions in vivo as well as in vitro. It summarizes information on the properties and function of vitamin E, the current understanding of the advantages and limitations of it, and also its application in promotion of health and prevention of diseases. Based on sound, solid scientific evidence, this is a timely addition to the literature as the centennial anniversary of the discovery of this important vitamin approaches.

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The increasing interest in graphene, due to its unique properties and potential applications, is sparking intense research into chemically derived graphene. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent and state-of-the-art research on chemically derived graphene materials for different applications. Starting with a brief introduction on chemically derived graphene, subsequent chapters look at various fascinating applications such as electrode materials for fuel cells, Li/Na-ion batteries, metal–air batteries and Li-S batteries, photocatalysts for degradation of pollutants and solar-to-fuels conversion, biosensing platforms, and anti-corrosion coatings. The emphasis throughout this book is on experimental studies and the unique aspects of chemically derived graphene in these fields, including novel functionalization methods, particular physicochemical properties and consequently enhanced performance. With contributions from key researchers, the book provides a detailed resource on the latest progress and the future directions of chemically derived graphene for students and researchers across materials science, chemistry, nanoengineering and related fields.

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Technological and computational advances in the past decade have meant a vast increase in the study of crystalline matter in both organic, inorganic and organometallic molecules. These studies revealed information about the conformation of molecules and their coordination geometry as well as the role of intermolecular interactions in molecular packing especially in the presence of different intermolecular interactions in solids. This resulting knowledge plays a significant role in the design of improved medicinal, mechanical, and electronic properties of single and multi-component solids in their crystalline state. Understanding Intermolecular Interactions in the Solid State explores the different techniques used to investigate the interactions, including hydrogen and halogen bonds, lone pair–pi, and pi–pi interactions, and their role in crystal formation. From experimental to computational approaches, the book covers the latest techniques in crystallography, ranging from high pressure and in situ crystallization to crystal structure prediction and charge density analysis. Thus this book provides a strong introductory platform to those new to this field and an overview for those already working in the area. A useful resource for higher level undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers across crystal engineering, crystallography, physical chemistry, solid-state chemistry, supramolecular chemistry and materials science.

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Formaldehyde is virtually ubiquitous in the modern environment due to its cost-effective nature, its use in resin formation, and its preservative properties. Though formaldehyde is necessary for many products and processes important to the world’s economy, this economic dependence on formaldehyde comes at a cost to public health. Growth and consequent industrialization rely heavily on formaldehyde use. New buildings—residences, public places, and offices—are not only built with timber preserved by formaldehyde, but they are also furnished with wood, wool, and textile products that contain formaldehyde. The general population faces environmental exposure from indoor and outdoor air pollution, food, and even medicine. Scientific inquiry into formaldehyde exposure has grown in response. This book consolidates the new and established body of formaldehyde research in the scholarly community, focusing on exposure, genotoxicity, and adverse health outcomes. Through this resource, we hope to increase awareness of the broad range of health effects posed by formaldehyde exposure, and to encourage interdisciplinary interest, as well as research, into this pervasive compound—especially in the United States and China, where formaldehyde production and usage is high. This book will be useful to researchers of environmental and occupational exposure, students, and government regulators and anyone exposed to formaldehyde in the workplace and/or at home.

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We rely upon plastics for a great many functions in everyday life, from the cases of consumer electronics to disposable cutlery, plastics are versatile and convenient. However, with the supply of fossil fuels from which fossil-based plastics are derived becoming smaller and more expensive the need for alternatives is becoming increasingly apparent. Policy makers, environmentalists and consumers are increasing pressure on plastics manufacturers to look for greener alternatives to fossil-based plastics. Bioplastics are materials that are derived wholly or partially from biomass feedstocks, making them renewable, whilst maintaining the desirable properties of fossil-based plastics. Many, although not all, bioplastics are also more readily degradable than conventional plastics, a property increasingly desired by consumers. A variety of different bioplastics have already been developed and the field continues to grow. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse subjects relating to bioplastics, including materials science, manufacture and processing and social and environmental impacts. It provides a valuable introduction both for those studying plastics at a graduate level and those starting to work in the field.

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In recent years there has been tremendous progress in the area of tissue engineering research. This book focusses on the fundamental principles underpinning these recent advances in the materials science developed for tissue engineering purposes. Smart materials for tissue engineering are produced by modifying the physicochemical and biological properties of the scaffolds with response to external stimuli to enhance the tissue regeneration. The functions of living cells can be regulated by smart materials which respond to changes in the surrounding microenvironment. This book comprehensively documents the recent advancements in smart materials for tissue engineering and will provide an essential text for those working in materials science and materials engineering, in academia and industry.

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Antibiotics are familiar drugs to us all, so familiar that we may take them for granted. They allow us to survive life-threatening infections, and allow us to protect the animals we farm for food. Many antibiotics have now become ineffective against common diseases, and there are few alternative treatments to replace them. In this topical popular science book, Laura Bowater, Professor of Microbiology Education and Engagement at Norwich Medical School, considers the past, present and uncertain future of antibiotics. This book begins by looking back at how infectious diseases, such as smallpox and the plague, were able to wreak havoc on populations before the discovery of the first antibiotics. These then revolutionised the medical world. In an engaging and accessible style, Professor Bowater takes the reader through how antibiotics are made, how bacteria are able to mutate and develop resistance and she explains why there is now a lack of new antibiotic drugs coming to market. What will a future of continued antibiotic resistance look like? How can human activities prevent the rise of ‘superbugs'? Professor Bowater highlights the need for universal cooperation in order to tackle this global health challenge, which, if not addressed, could transport us back to the medical dark ages.

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Drug misuse and dependence is an ever evolving field of study, which has exploded over recent years owing to the advent of the internet. Due to the ever-growing number of young people using drugs recreationally and the privatisation of drug screening and detection services, there is the need to disseminate evidence-based information concerning the technology and methods available for studying this expanding field. Detection of Drug Misuse describes the current state-of-the-art techniques used for identifying and confirming drug misuse as well as recent advances in biomarkers, instrumentation and analysis methodology. The title discusses both recreational and designer drugs, including non-addictive and addictive drugs. This book is a useful and fascinating resource for healthcare professionals working in the field of drug misuse as well as academics and postgraduates researching within analytical, chromatography, medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry; drug metabolism; addiction science; and forensic toxicology, science and medicine.

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Covering computational tools in drug design using techniques from chemoinformatics, molecular modelling and computational chemistry, this book explores these methodologies and applications of in silico medicinal chemistry. The first part of the book covers molecular representation methods in computing in terms of chemical structure, together with guides on common structure file formats. The second part examines commonly used classes of molecular descriptors. The third part provides a guide to statistical learning methods using chemical structure data, covering topics such as similarity searching, clustering and diversity selection, virtual library design, ligand docking and de novo design. The final part of the book summarises the application of methods to the different stages of drug discovery, from target ID, through hit finding and hit-to-lead, to lead optimisation. This book is a practical introduction to the subject for researchers new to the fields of chemoinformatics, molecular modelling and computational chemistry.

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Why does chocolate taste so good? Why do we seek 'the one'? How do traits such as intelligence, creativity and violence arise and what purpose do they serve? This book links these characteristics to the origins of life, showing that the conditions necessary to bring life into existence echo through our modern day behaviour. The chemistry of the body is not only fascinating but also highly relevant to everyone, since we are all concerned with maximising our health and enjoyment of life. Currently, there are not many popular science books concerned with biochemistry. One reason for this might be the particularly complex nature of the science involved. This book starts with the fundamentals and then works towards a deeper understanding of the chemistry of human nature. Essential reading for anyone with an interest in this science and written at a level accessible to experts and non-experts alike.

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There have been some extraordinary developments in chemistry during the 20th century. Cutting Edge Chemistry explains some of these advances and describes some that are likely to happen in the future. These include the many remarkable discoveries made in the life sciences, and the wide variety of technological applications of chemistry - liquid crystals, batteries, catalysts and exciting new electronic materials. This book also deals with the practical aspects of chemistry - for example, methods of making and analysing molecules, ways of calculating their properties and studying how and why chemical reactions occur. Developed from the highly successful Age of the Molecule and illustrated in full colour throughout, Cutting Edge Chemistry has been written by a group of leading young chemists in industry and universities. It is aimed at post-16 chemistry students and shows how the principles of chemistry learned in post-16 courses still apply in the most advanced research. Each chapter includes questions which it is hoped will both test students' understanding of the subject and provoke debate.

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Emma Stibbon's drawings and prints depict volcanoes, tectonic plates and powerful glaciers. Includes commentary by the artist on the making and location of each image. The artist is fascinated by environments in flux. Her work often explores the impact of natural forces: the shifting tectonic plates, volcanic activity and powerful glaciers that shape and transform the Earth's surface. Stibbon has accompanied research expeditions in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans, lived and worked among volcanoes in Hawai'i, and has made several visits to Stromboli, off the coast of northern Sicily, Iceland and Norway. This book presents the sketches she made during her travels. They have the immediacy that results from an artist working at speed and often in difficult circumstances. Readers will discover the unexpected visual effect of ink that has frozen on contact with the paper. The book is introduced by the artist who, informed by her discussions with vulcanologists and glaciologists, explains why she is drawn to depict nature's extremes.

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In a short life full of quiet endeavour, Will Purdom rose to become a key figure in China's struggle to repair the ecology and sustainability of it forests after decades of ruinous logging.

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