Search results for ""nova""

Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 170 begins by presenting the latest evidence that Alzheimer's disease-related proteins and their genes play a role in post-ischemic brain damage, and that an ischemic episode is an essential and leading provider of Alzheimer's disease development. The authors go on to review the pathophysiology, symptoms, epidemiology, analysis, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Important issues when appraising and interpreting studies on fertility awareness methods used for avoiding pregnancy are described, and correct clinical applications of fertility awareness methods for contraception are also discussed. The basic molecular pathology of human cancers is discussed, as well as rising technologies for tumour characterization and the role of molecular profiling in identifying potential targets for individualised treatment. Additionally, an overview of the various modalities for assessing the liver functional reserve in patients undergoing hepatic resection is provided. Lastly, data on the linearization of somatic growth plots in humans and rats is discussed, showing the existence of at least two ontogenetic transitions: juvenile and pubertal.

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Rural Development is a deliberate transformation towards the advancement of the financial and societal standard of living of the rural poor through amplified production, impartial delivery of possessions, and empowerment. In general, a deliberate transformation towards rural institution building and progression in technology. Bangladesh, nearly 50 years into its liberation, stays on the route to development and the country is looking forward to transitioning into a developed state by 2041. There is global pressure also. Rural development plays a key role in attaining the targets. The Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD) is a pioneer institute for attaining rural development in Bangladesh. The academy is acknowledged as a center of excellence regarding training, research and action research. The institute was established in 1959 with the intention of provide training to the public officials and representatives of the local government and village institutions on diverse matters concerning to rural development. Still, the institution provides training to diverse stakeholders. Moreover, a large quantity of international clientele comprising scholars, research fellows, experts, government bureaucrats, affiliates of diplomatic corps and global organizations visit the academy. The academy has been steering socio-economic study from the time of its beginning. Research outcomes are used as training resources and contributions for introducing action research by the Academy itself. It also works as data resources and policy ideas for the policy makers, Ministries, and Planning Commission. In certain circumstances, these are also dispersed among the global organizations and institutes. BARD conducts investigational projects to progress models of better-quality institution, managerial arrangements in addition to harmonization and approaches of production. The project events generally include the villagers' development institutes, local bodies and public officials. To this point the Academy has directed more than 50 investigational projects on different facets of rural development. Finally, in the era of globalization and pressure of implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the book provides an immense knowledge on "Rural Development" issue in Bangladesh perspective.

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In this compilation, the role of liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and chemometrics for the analysis and characterization of plant natural products is addressed. The authors provide a comprehensive review of the pharmacological activity of cetrarioid lichens and their major secondary metabolites as antioxidants to prevent and treat oxidative stress-related diseases. Following this, the way in which the detection of various secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds in some plants can reduce sickle cells in vitro is studied. In addition, the efficiency of green and conventional solvent systems concerning the three classes of phytochemicals (phenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids) is described. Lastly, a brief history of antibiotics and the spread of resistance is provided, and future strategies to combat drug-resistant microbes are discussed.

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This book provides comprehensive insights into emerging trends on calcium signaling in the nervous system from triggering signal transduction neuronal pathways to regulation of brain functions. Calcium signaling is one of the major coupling mechanism linking external stimuli with intracellular processes. Normal calcium signaling is important for functioning of all cells particularly neurons coupled to control mechanisms of the body inducing intra- and intercellular signaling and triggering biochemical cascade to control metabolism, gene expression, cell differentiation and apoptosis. The author, Dr. Victor V. Chaban is Professor of Medicine with dual appointment at Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU) and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). Dr. Chaban completed his post-doctoral training in Neuroscience at UCLA and graduate studies in Clinical Research at CDU. He serves on National Institute of Health and several international study sections and holds U.S. Patents. Prof. Chaban is established expert, who contributed significantly to a better understanding of neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration associated with changes in calcium signaling. Calcium Signaling and Nervous System: Overview and Directions for Research gives an up to date account of changes in intracellular Ca2+ associated with primary afferents sensitization, neuronal and glial reorganization, neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. This book is recommended to scientists, healthcare providers, students and patients.

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This compilation opens with a review of the current knowledge regarding the impact of endocrine disruptors on human health, as well as the mechanisms contributing to it. The authors emphasize the evidence of aquaporin modulation by hypoxia and erythropoietin, as these water channels are increasingly valued as potential biomarkers of disease, as well as pharmacological targets for the treatment of brain and renal injuries, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. Later, the safety and tolerability of adalimumab demonstrated in pivotal phase III clinical trials is examined, along with long-term follow up data from open-label extensions and the ESPRIT registry. Adalimumab for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and peripheral spondyloarthritis is also discussed. The authors go on to study the types, causes, effect and problems related to polycystic ovary syndrome. The closing study deals with the relationship between reactive oxygen species and male fertility, providing some futuristic approaches for better research in the field.

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This book reviews the current literature relevant to college students and e-cigarette use, with emphasis on the perceived risks and benefits of use, and discusses how this information may be applied to future interventions in this population. E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices, vape pens, e-hookah, e-cigars, e-pipes, or other electronic nicotine delivery systems. They are designed to heat a liquid solution that emulates smoking using a smoke-free technique. Ongoing studies of nicotine salts and by-products such as N-nitrosonornicotine and nicotyrine and their physiological effects are also reviewed.

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This chapter is a monography concerning the possible role of tissue stiffness in the human carcinogenesis as well as its possible impact in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the malignancies. Cancer is a very serious health problem in mankind, with an increasing prevalence and incidence worldwide. Although in the last years, several diagnostic and therapeutic approaches were suggested and made available for managing human malignancies, the outcome of patients and their quality of life are still poor for most of these different forms of neoplasms (Torre LA, Siegel RL, Ward EM, Jemal A., Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016;25(1):16-27. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0578). Several reasons may explain this dismal prognosis: the aggressive biological behavior of some histological subtypes, the acute-, intermediate- or late- side effects of systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, including toxicity of organs, diarrhea, skin irritation, nausea, mucositis, alopecia, vomiting, intestinal discomfort, asthenia, the arising of immunosuppression with neutropenia, the increased risk of infections as well as the occurrence of secondary cancers, at variable time intervals, either within a few weeks or months/years after the end of anticancerous treatments. From chemotherapy to biological therapy: A review of novel concepts to reduce the side effects of systemic cancer treatment (Review). Int J Oncol.] 2019;54(2):407-419. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4661). 1) Novel strategies and methodological approaches are strongly required to determine an effective improvement in the management of these diseases. It is conceivable to suppose that not only the genetic alterations, but also further important factors may be involved in determining the prognosis of patients, suffering from malignancies. 2) Extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a crucial and key component of tissue structure contributing to the initiation, growth, and progression of human carcinoma. This last consists of a three-dimensional and highly dynamic macromolecular network, supporting the structure of all mammalian cells and modulating their function. ECM is characterized by well-defined physical, biochemical and biomechanical properties and plays multiple functions, such as: a) the maintenance of cellular, tissue and organ homeostasis, b) the regulation of both the amounts and the activities of growth factors and receptors c) the preservation of an adequate hydration status and pH level in the tissue microenvironment. It undergoes a continuous but tightly regulated remodeling and several mechanisms participate in the control of its adequate composition and structural organization. Therefore, ECM regulates a wide series of distinct cell activities, such as differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation and migration as well as energy production and availability. In normal conditions, a dynamic interplay is established among mammalian cells and ECM, surrounding them. The result of this cooperation is the maintenance of a proper ECM composition, morphology, disposition and activity in all tissues and a correct intracellular structure and function, both in the cytoplasm and in micro-organelles, such as nucleus. In the last years, a large series of studies are focusing on a better understanding of ECM alterations and abnormalities, that emerge in its structure, shape and spatial organization, during the occurrence of different pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancer. 3) ECM contributes to regulate and modulate a wide series of distinct cell activities, such as differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, and migration as well as energy production and availability. In normal conditions, a dynamic interplay is established among mammalian cells and ECM, surrounding them. It involves soluble factors, such as chemokines, cytokines, costimulatory molecules, additional biological mediators (oxidants and prostaglandins) and physical stimuli (microenvironment stiffness and tensional/compression forces). The result of this cooperation is the maintenance of a proper ECM composition, morphology, disposition and activity in all tissues and a correct intracellular structure and function, both in the cytoplasm and in micro-organelles, such as nucleus. In the last years, a large series of studies are focusing on a better understanding of ECM alterations and abnormalities, that emerge in its structure, shape and spatial organization, during the occurrence of different pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancer. To date, some studies are investigating the mutual interactions among the cells, that are progressively acquiring a cancerous phenotype, and the stroma surrounding them as well as the changes in physical properties of nucleus- and cytoplasmic- microenvironment. It has been shown that the ability of malignant cells to grow and to metastasize depends on several factors, such as the relationship occurring between the stroma stiffness as well as the nucleus and cytoplasm rigidity. Since 2003, Professor Donald Ingber published some interesting papers about tensegrity and tissue stiffness as a possible risk factor for cancer development (Ingber DE. Tensegrity I. Cell structure and hierarchical systems biology. ] J Cell Sci. 2003;116(Pt 7):1157-73; Ingber DE. Tensegrity II. How structural networks influence cellular information processing networks] J Cell Sci. 2003;116(Pt 8):1397-408). He has shed new light on this topic. Taking advantage from these experimental evidences, this paper describes the state of the art concerning this topic and the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic use in clinical practice in the last years as well as the possible future application of these evidences. We performed this chapter to identify the available studies, assessing: 1) the possible association between tissue stiffness and risk of cancer development; up to now a rather high number of malignant tumoralhistotypes have been identified in the different human organs and have been included in our anatomopathological classifications. Therefore, we decided to consider in our review only the following organs: brain, breast, colon, esophagus, kidney. liver, lung, prostate, stomach, thyroid and uterus and for each of them we have analyzed the most frequent, aggressive and lethal malignancies as paradigm; 2) the "state of art" for this topic with clinical (diagnostic and therapeutic management) purpose; 3) the potential relationship between the values of tissue stiffness and prognosis in patients with cancers involving the above reported organs and the current use as well as their potential future application in clinical practice.

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This book is the initiative of young researchers looking for the right forum where to disseminate their investigations concerning the European Union. The combination of independent researchers are understood as a part of a whole, a part of a project in constant development. The EU is constantly pushed forward in the integration process by internal and external forces, in a development full of obstacles that need to be overcome. These researches provide an insight academic view on the main fields of integration in the European Union, from a perspective of deeper integration. They combine the analysis with critics and future proposals for a better understanding a very important social movement, foreseeing the logical obstacles the process will encounter and present a set of proposals for the right implementation of measures solving the necessities of the Europeans.

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Volume 19 first describes the principles, materials and processes in 2.5D printing and post-press enhancement based on the authors' research. This compilation goes on to discuss Hadoop, a pioneering open source framework that has revolutionized the big data world due to its ability to process vast amounts of unstructured and semi-structured data by distributing a massive amount of data across clusters. A new tool that uses general and query-based summarization to analyze students' log files at the Academic Center for Tutoring at Columbus State University, a small state university in Georgia, USA, is introduced. The concept of a Vehicle Accident Prediction System is presented using accident datasets based on actual vehicle accident data extracted from open-source datasets. The current problem of rapid data increase throughout the year is discussed, along with the available options for gaining useful insight from World Wide Web created data. A review of different methods for Audio-Visual Speech Recognition using Random Forest is presented, and a strategy based on the combination of Wavelet multiresolution analysis and Random Forest is proposed. The authors review six recent applications of autoencoders in cryo-EM and cryo-ET data analysis, discussing the autoencoders' strength and weaknesses to provide potential directions for future research. In closing, an algorithm is presented which uses ensembles of metamodels and classifiers to predict which candidate designs for computer simulations are expected to cause failures and to divert the search accordingly.

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This volume is a ground-breaking criticism of our criminal systems and of international criminal justice. One way of ensuring compliance with international criminal justice is to seek justice through pursuing the naked truth. Is it feasible to change this legal discipline? Is it possible for a society of human beings to function without any criminal legislation? We could also pose other crucial questions which concern our courts, legislative powers, and various governmental sanctions. What can we say about the world of animals? Do they also have legislative authorities who draft their international criminal law? What about enforcement measures, courts, judges, prosecutors, lawyers, and prisoners? Do they also kill millions of human beings through their political sanctions? Why do animals human not have any law, although human beings have produced vast amounts of case law? Are we more abhorrent than animals human? Are animals better educated and more morally competent than human beings? Given the answer to these questions, we use the term "human beings" in juxtaposition to the term "animals human" throughout this work. The volume puts forward its philosophy concerning the different attitudes of criminal theory and the doctrines which have strengthened the criminal discipline to favour the gross offenders known as the "authorities." Obtaining and reading this book is a must for the millions of prisoners, judges, prosecutors, lawyers, professors, researchers, philosophers, politicians, and students of law, criminal law, criminology, and political science, as well as military and police officers of all ranks, and academics.

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Set in the South and Southeast Region, this book attempts to analyse the implications of both genocides perpetrated on the unarmed Rohingya minority community in Myanmar, and the geopolitics of the powers of the region that deter the resolution of this festering problem. The book highlights the helplessness of the UN system to take any punitive actions against the perpetrators (ie: the security forces of Myanmar) given that China, India and Russia, who are taking the side of Myanmar for geopolitical reasons. They have exercised their vetoes at the UNSC to such an action. The book describes the key players in this region, their interests, compulsions and imperatives, and covers different strategies launched by the United States, China, India, Japan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar that tend to stall the resolution of the process or even refusing to take back the Rohingya refugees -- 1.1 million of them including children and women -- now languishing in the cramped camps inside Bangladesh. Most of these refugees were forced to flee their ancestral homes after a ghastly genocide meted out to them in October 2017. Such massacres have been taking place in a series of violence starting from 1977-8. This issue has huge regional security implications. The ugly heads of insurgency are also looming large. This has turned out to be a huge burden on the economy and environment of Bangladesh. However, different donor agencies including UNHCR are providing relief and rehabilitation. The author provides ramifications and reflections in the form of scenario development and suggesting certain options -- uniqueness of this book -- on this festering humanitarian issue.

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Leptospira is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes leptospirosis, one of the most important re-emerging zoonotic diseases. The disease is worldwide diffused, and animals are involved in its spreading. Among animals, wildlife play an important role in the epidemiology of leptospirosis, as reservoir of specific Leptospira serovar. Several species are known as Leptospira maintenance host, but other are less investigated and could represent a "new" host involved in its epidemiology. The book "Leptospira Infection in Wild Animals" contains descriptions of leptospirosis epidemiology in several wild animal species, highlighting the infection in different part of world, the most detected Leptospira serovar and the risks of infection for both humans and domestic animals. Data on marine mammals, wild boar, rodent, lagomorph, wild ruminants, amphibian and reptiles, bats and non-human primates Leptospira infection were deeply analysed and discussed in order to better understand their role in the leptospirosis epidemiology.

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This book first describes the physical profile of elite young tennis players focusing on the Inertial Movement Analysis patterns. In Inertial Movement Analysis, wearable microsensor technology is used to improve the knowledge about activity patterns such as accelerations, decelerations, jumps and changes of direction. Following this, the authors review the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain in tennis players and discuss the optimal rehabilitation program, focusing on non-operated adolescent/adult tennis players. A methodology for creating educational training programs in volleyball is examined. Algorithmic methodological steps of educational training programs, models and methods that were used in their creation and control, and the calculation and analysis of their effects and changes in volleyball are presented. The game pattern of the 2008 and 2012 Olympic women's volleyball finals between the USA and Brazil is assessed through data obtained from an observational video analysis of the Olympic finals in Beijing and London. Studies on game analysis in volleyball are discussed which identify that the points generated through the fundamentals of attack, block and serve are decisive for a team to achieve victory in high performance volleyball. Thus, the objective of this study was identify the factors that determine victory in high-performance men's volleyball. In the conceptual aspect, the authors discuss the theoretical assumptions of sociology of sport and historical-critical pedagogy, aiming to understand volleyball's history and basic fundamentals. In closing, the relationship between athletes, parents, and coaches is discussed in detail, depending on each individual's expectations and how these expectations influence the self-confidence of volleyball players.

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This 2 volume book paints an accurate picture of Joan of Arc both as a religious and historical figure. In this book, Joan emerges as an exemplary human being, with a character as near to perfection as anyone could achieve, whether one believes in Christian teachings or not.

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This book focuses on two aspects of neuroimaging related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that have greatly evolved in the last decades: the development of optical tools in the biology field and advances in the field of magnetic resonance imaging. Therapeutic writing and expressive disclosure interventions have been demonstrated to facilitate the emotional processing of thoughts and feelings about the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis experience, with relevant implications for illness adjustment. Based on these premises, the authors explore the linguistic patterns in the cognitive-affective processing of illness experience in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Following this, the authors discuss recent studies that offer a new perspective on sensory networks in motor neuron diseases to understand the true extent and patophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and suggest new potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of this tragic disease. The closing study focuses on the respiratory involvement of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which is the principal cause of death. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterized by respiratory failure consequent to respiratory muscles dysfunction, as well as bulbar muscles which support the upper airways, developing in dyspnoea and impaired sleep.

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Low-Density Polyethylene: Properties and Applications examines the rheology of low-density Pply(ethylene)-based systems. Processing this commodity, alone or in combination with different micro/nano-fillers, requires a deep knowledge of its rheological behavior in order to set up the process parameters. Following this, the comprehensive research progress on low-density polyethylene is reviewed, and the mechanisms of low-density polyethylene biodegradation are summarized. Additionally, the effect of microorganisms on low-density polyethylene and products of this degradation with their level of toxicity is discussed. Later, the authors focus on the different types of low-density polyethylene, microorganism-mediated degradation, changes in the physiological properties of low-density polyethylene post degradation and its applications in other fields. The detailed knowledge of preferential sorption is studied in an effort to reveal new information regarding low-density polyethylene properties. Consequently, the usage of low-density polyethylene in membrane separations is promoted.

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Volume 165 first presents promising information about the essential goal of effective and safe medication for target patients with the appropriate genotypes. The authors explore the diverse causes of neonatal leukemoid reaction in premature infants proposed by Hill and Duncan in 1941, such as intrauterine infection and maternal steroid administration. This compilation also explores hjypoxia-inducible factor-1, a key gene regulator for cellular adaptation to hypoxia which leads to a transcriptional response under physiological as well as pathological conditions. From a historical perspective, Wilms' tumor treatment is assessed, focusing on the different approaches of the two main groups, the Children's Oncology Group and the International Society of Paediatric Oncology. The genetics and genomics of Plasmodium, which include multiple parameters and factors affecting disease transmission, are assessed in an effort to enhance our knowledge about the disease. Following this, whole slide imaging or virtual microscopy is used for the quantitative evaluation of liver biopsy specimens of patients with chronic hepatitis. The closing study examines data which reveals changes in the functioning of the ceruloplasmin/transferrin system, decreasing the content of toxic ions of Fe2+ in the plasma of patients with Parkinson's disease. These changes are a pathogenetically significant factor of Parkinson's disease at all stages.

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This book provides a better understanding of Fuzzy set theory, Fuzzy logic and Neural Networks and various other techniques seem very well suited for modelling and controlling a real system. Energy is of major importance to civilisation, because it is driving force which binds human race. The estimation of energy in the form of renewable and sustainable is one of the important aspects to understand the how resources are harnessed and to predict what might happen under various possible future conditions. Using available modelling techniques to generate the best algorithms, the objective is to determine the best solution in terms of comparing the performances of the solutions through different parameters for a specific case. Consumption of Fossil fuels at a rapid pace has generated an alarming situation and with the subsequent increase in the number of vehicle the pollution level has reached well beyond human's control. This is frightening enough to observe the fact that the pollution level has surpassed all records and the need of the hour is to find an alternate fuel which can really be of great assistance in reducing the exhaust emission and augment the performance parameters of engine. Major researches are carried out on various engines to draw closer towards a realistic solution. Experiments performed on various engines are considered to be time consuming and the expenses met to perform these experiments are too costly, so the need of soft computing techniques involved in this area. Soft computing can be better described as the process to find the solution to an inexact problem. Soft computing has showed lot of potential in giving the researchers the exact solution may be in case of validating or predicting the performance and emission parameters. Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference system (ANFIS), Fuzzy Expert System (FES), Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are the various soft computing techniques widely used. This book focuses on to carry out the comprehensive review and various other experimental works of various researchers who have carried out the work on these various soft computing techniques on various engines with various alternative fuels on the basis of modelling techniques, time is saved to a great extent and the capital investment involved is comparably very low. Various modelling techniques are being readily used to predict the performance parameters for various engines and modelling techniques have become the readily available tool to compare and validate the experimental work being carried out by researchers to get accurate matching with the experimental data. The benefit of this issue will be at large in connecting with varieties of work done in the field of Biomass which includes wood and wood waste, municipal solid waste. Landfill gas and biogas. Ethanol, Biodiesel, Hydropower, Geothermal, Wind, Solar. Thus soft computing techniques are fast and reliable hence, they can be a substitute for conventional experiments.

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This compilation details the challenges in the development of computer systems more complexed by AI/IoT using examples based on systems thinking, as well as introduces how these technologies can aid in safety and security. The authors carry out a study to establish the safety and security challenges preventing parents from enrolling their young children in schools, with the intention of recommending strategies to address these challenges. This study is guided by the ecological systems theory which explains how factors within the environment influence children's development and education. The concluding section focuses on the system dynamics paradigm which seems to be a suitable modeling method to describe social engineering situations. Opportunities for future research are also discussed.

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The subject of this book is the man of that new hemisphere which was revealed to Europe in 1492. There through all historic centuries he had lived apart, absolutely uninfluenced by any reflex of the civilisation of the Ancient World; and yet, as it appears, pursuing a course in many respects strikingly analogous to that by means of which the civilisation of Europe originated. The recognition of this is not only of value as an aid to the realisation of the necessary conditions through which man passed in reaching the stage at which he is found at the dawn of history; but it seems to point to the significant conclusion that civilisation is the development of capacities inherent in man.

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Every year in the United States, hundreds of women die of complications related to pregnancy and childbirth. According to CDC data, racial/ethnic disparities exist with regard to these deaths. For example, non-Hispanic black women were more than three times as likely to die as non-Hispanic white women, and non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native women were more than two times as likely to die as non-Hispanic white women. This book describes trends in pregnancy-related deaths in the United States, including trends in causes and timing of these deaths, and the efforts focused on reducing pregnancy-related deaths.

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Genetic disorders constitute an important portion of childhood mortality, stillbirths, and ongoing disability. Single gene disorders arising from gene mutations, affecting any aspect of function or structure of the gene, are extraordinarily diverse. Most of these gene disorders are usually rare, but collectively they constitute an important public health burden. As such, the authors address the requirement for essential genetic and management services. Age-related macular degeneration is discussed, with risk factors including age, gender, ethnicity, smoking, body weight, hypertension and diet. Confluence of genetic and environmental risk factors lends credence to a complex, multifactorial etiologic model of development of age-related macular degeneration. Continuing, this compilation explores the molecular mechanisms of telomere attachment, specifically during the interphase. Their study is important not only for general telomere biology, but also for the understanding of cell aging and etiology of telomere-associated aging diseases. The important transcriptomic analyses performed in Streptomyces are discussed, particularly addressing how they contribute to uncovering the biochemical mechanisms that regulate morphology and secondary metabolism activation. A focus on bovine mastitis is provided, the most economically devastating disease affecting the dairy industry. Resistance to mastitis is a complex function involving various biological pathways, molecules and cells. Genetic factors are one of several factors affecting the occurrence of mastitis. The closing study centers on the way in which extracellular DNA is enriched with pericentromeric tandem repeats, the most variable portion of the genome up to species specificity.

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The Corona hype, the Corona panic, has manifested the common cold as a brand new disease. What we present here is the psychosomatic hypothesis for COVID-19. We are living in a time of change. It is easy to assume that we live in a safe and stabile world, but the Corona COVID-19 pandemic has shown the whole world that this is not the case. Mighty forces changes our way of living, thinking and things changes fast. It is difficult to understand what is happening, for you need to be an expert in many different fields in order to really get it: medicine, economy and politics. You even need psychology, sociology and maybe even consciousness-research to fully comprehend what we are dealing with in the 2019-2020 Corona pandemic. This book tries to give you sufficient background in different areas to at least get an idea of what is happening around us in all parts of the world.

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Probably no religious institution in the world has had so remarkable a history, and assuredly none has attracted so large and varied a literature, as the Papacy. This book contains a study of twenty famous popes whose careers and whose influence were important in the development of the church and in the history of the world. It provides a view of the Papacy from the early 3rd to the early 20th century.

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This monograph is intended to present an overview- most of which is based on ideas and conclusions presented in published literature, the rest representing our own concepts developed through extensive research. Here, the reader will discover the rational relationships between basic mechanisms, and experimental data, and theoretical expressions which were developed over several years by scientists for coir fibre characterisation and utilisation in particular. It will help to those who deal with coir fibre in both industry and academia specially to teachers, students and technologists. It contains the perspective of coir, its textile related structure and properties with a comparison between few other allied lingo-cellulosic fibres. Coir fibre are coarser for textile applications and possesses highly variable properties. So segregation of fibres from the bulk considering properties may give suitable fibre for spinning, composite making and other applications. The optimum value addition of coir can be realized, when a fully systematic supply chain of quality fibre with proper gradation system can be developed. The fibre shows high flexural rigidity and lower inter-fibre frictional resistance for which it is difficult to spin finer yarn and indicates its suitability for coarse textile applications. Coir fibre is circular and multi-fibrillar. Moisture regain is moderate. Thermal and component analyses reveal the presence of similar amount of lignin and celluloses in the fibre. SEM image reveals that surface of the fibre is waxy, irregular, and having micro-imperfections. Microbial resistance makes the coir suitable for using it in different engineering and geotechnical applications in conjunction with soil and water. The property-based advantages of coir are resistant to fungi and rot, excellent insulation against temperature, not easily combustible, flame-retardant, resistant to moisture and dampness, tough and durable, highly resilient, totally static free, easy to clean etc. It is not suitable for technical uses due to low strength, high extensibility and very low modulus. Sometimes high bulk and low coefficient of friction act as the disadvantages. The age old manual spinning technology should be replaced by mechanised system. The fibres can be highly suitable to form compressed mat for various products of geotextile, agro-textiles, and sound and heat insulators with improved softness and fineness property. Being an ecofriendly, natural product from renewable sources, coir products serve mankind in several ways as a substitute for many synthetic products which are extensively used but are harmful to nature. Coir wood substitute will help to protect valuable forests.

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