Search results for ""author leon v berhardt""

Volume 162 opens with an assessment of the modern available data, as well as the results from the authors' own research, on the neurotropic effects of amino acid L-arginine. The effects of L-arginine and some arginine-containing oligopeptides on pain and pain-induced behavior in rats are examined. Depending on their binding to activate specific receptors, antagonists have selective functions. As such, this compilation details their specificity, mode of interactions and their usefulness and drawbacks for humans. Next, a review on how CD14 interacts with different ligands is discussed, particularly focusing on how CD14 consequently transduces the signaling to induce some relevant diseases. The authors also review some trends in the treatment of anxiety with natural compounds and transition metal-catalyzed couplings for the synthesis of new drugs with anxiolytic properties. Natural products have been widely used in the treatment of anxiety disorders and as a source of bioactive heterocyclic compounds. Methods for improving the perception and attitude of health workers towards generic drugs are proposed, such as putting forward generic drugs as one of the learning topics in college curricula, and conducting scientific discussions and conferences on generic drugs through professional organizations. The penultimate study comprehensively reviews the clinicopathological features of lipoblastomas and emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis and the differentiation of lipoblastomas from other histologically similar lipomatous neoplasms. The closing study proposes that the relaxant effects of flavone may be due to the inhibition of enzyme activities and intracellular Ca2+ of the trachealis after increasing these two cyclic nucleotides.

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This compilation opens with a review of the structure and life cycle of neuraminidase in influenza A, and also discusses the method of developing neuraminidase inhibitors derived from natural products and peptides. Following this, the authors describe the different uses of chlorhexidine in the medical field, focusing on dental use. Particularly, the authors discuss its: properties, chemistry, forms of presentation, substantivity and cytotoxicity; uses in dentistry: cariology, periodontology, oral surgery and endodontics. Additionally, the authors discuss rufinamide, a novel triazole derivative which differs from commercial antiepileptic drugs. It is used as an adjunctive medicine in children, adults and the elder population, and administered orally. One study discusses antiviral treatment for the avian influenza A virus using neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir and zanamivir. Although both inhibitors show therapeutic and prophylactic activities against the H5N1 strains, it is proposed that treatment should be further developed in order to increase the efficiency of the inhibitors against the strains. Angiogenesis or neovascularization is a global term which indicates the physiological process involving the sprouting of new blood vessels from the pre-existing ones. The development of new blood vessels from differentiating endothelial cells is called vasculogenesis. This collection addresses how these processes are vital for tissue development and wound healing in damaged tissues. The spectrum of spondyloarthritides with inflammatory bowel disease and enteropathic arthritis is examined in an effort to give the reader an insight into the risk factors, treatment and prognosis of this clinically challenging rheumatic disease. Later, the principles of optical coherence tomography-guided femtosecond laser cataract surgery are explored. The combination of femtosecond laser surgery and optical coherence tomography imaging simultaneously guides the development of next-generation femtosecond surgical lasers in cataract surgery and explores femtosecond-laser surgical strategies. The authors present a novel colorimetric method for the assay of XI using a reducing monosaccharide determination. The test solution was mixed with 20-fold volume of the 50 mM Na2SiO3, 600 mM Na2MoO4, and 0.95 M HCl aqueous solution (pH 4.5), in which a yellow molybdosilicate species was formed. The penultimate chapter introduces the origin, preparation, applications of Taiyi Shenzhen (Taiyi Moxa Stick Moxibustion), and reviews the relevant research in the past ten years. The concluding study focuses on the daily foraging of honeybees, which is one of the most well-organized social behaviors that exist among social insects. Honeybees are extensively used model animals in behavioral studies for understanding the time-space learning, landmark use and concept of learning.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 150 first discusses how the emergence of multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria, along with the lack of development of new antibiotics, led the medical community to look to polymyxins for therapeutical uses in critically ill patients. Next, the authors go on to discuss lenalidomide, a chemical analog of thalidomide and a member of the group of immunomodulatory or cereblon-binding drugs. Lenalidomide has antineoplastic, antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, pro-erythropoieic, and immunomodulatory properties. Lenalidomide binds to a specific hydrophobic pocket in the protein cereblon. This pocket is coded by the exons 10 and 11 on the C-end of cereblon gene. Cereblon interacts with the DNA damage-binding protein-1, cullin 4, and regulator of cullins 1 to form the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Lenalidomide also enhances the antitumor effect of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells in murine models of aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lenalidomide has also been studied in the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and neurodegenerative disorders connected with neuroinflammation, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, the authors to discuss the current evidence on the use of troponin as a prognostication biomarker in neonatal encephalopathy, as well as the importance of monitoring cardiac function after hypoxic ischaemic brain damage. The basic science and clinical significance of CD180-negative plasmablasts in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases is reviewed. In systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, CD180-negative plasmablasts play crucial roles and are useful as a disease marker. Because CD180 has a complex function, the mechanism of the increase of CD180 negative B cells may be different in each disease. In closing, the concept of intensive care rehabilitation was developed with the Federal Rehabilitation Council BAR. Both early rehabilitation for neurological and neurosurgical patients and intensive care rehabilitation for patients with other critical illnesses are detailed.

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This volume includes eight chapters which describe recent advances in medicine and biology. Chapter One summarises new therapeutics for the treatment of optic neuritis, a condition involving primary inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury of the optic nerve. Chapter Two uses animal models of viral myocarditis to study the natural history, genetics, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestation of viral myocarditis in humans. Chapter Three evaluates the functions of fibroblast growth factors in physiological mechanisms, their role in maintaining homeostatic balance, their role in signal transduction regulation, metabolism and interactions between organisms, and their relationship with diseases. Chapter Four investigates the potential of antibiotics to fight against the inherently nonspecific adaptation mechanisms of bacteria. Chapter Five deals with new methodologies for drug development to counter the evolution of mechanisms to resist antibiotics such as efflux pumps in bacteria that cause infectious disease. Chapter Six concerns the development of new therapeutic strategies regarding the involvement of brain neuropeptides in alcohol use disorder. Chapter Seven examines growth promotion and changes in functional constituents through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis in Asian ginseng. Finally, Chapter Eight explicates procedures for postoperative care in thoracic surgery.

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This volume discusses the merits and demerits of currently available conventional cholera vaccine delivery systems and therapies, and the potential role of novel nanomaterials-based delivery approaches for the management of cholera. Cholera, the watery diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae, is a major public health issue in the developing world. V. cholerae is a gram negative, facultative anaerobic, aquatic bacterium with single polar flagellum and is a member of γ subdivision of the family Proteobacteriaceae. Following this, the structures and functions of human helicases and the 5-upstream regions of the encoding genes are classified for further investigation. Genetic studies have revealed that mutations in some of these genes are associated with certain human diseases, including Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Cockayne Syndrome and Werner Syndrome. The authors describe a practical exercise where the construction of a pharmacophore model is interpreted with the aid of 2-D structures, while the final model is used in a virtual screening to identify potentially active kinase inhibitors. The use of freely available software and web servers makes this exercise a useful and easily implementable resource for almost any undergraduate student. This compilation also addresses how folate intake during pregnancy is essential for adequate fetoplacental development and for the health of the baby. Neural tube defects are a preventable cause of mortality and morbidity, and the prevalence of neural tube defects has significantly decreased worldwide after the fortification of folic acid. Subsequently, the authors describe recent findings in the storage and supply site, localization, and imaging of high-density lipoprotein in human coronary arteries. In an effort to achieve less invasive surgery justified by better outcomes, lower hospital costs, patient recovery time and cosmetic results, the authors also review innovative surgical techniques such as minilaparoscopy, single incision laparoscopic surgery, natural orifice transluminal surgery and others that are being employed or expected to be the future. The concluding chapter describes several cases where Mycoplasma have led to the electronic contamination of prestigious public data stores.

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Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 155 reviews whether the non-surgical and non-pharmacological interventions commonly used for knee osteoarthritis patients are effective and, if effective, which ones are the most effective. For this, randomized controlled trials were identified through electronic databases. Following this, the authors discuss how the early identification of target subjects who are at high cardiometabolic risk is important for critical lifestyle interventions and pharmacological management strategies. Additionally, they discuss the diversity, biotechnological applications and sustainable bioproduction of chitinases enzyme from Streptomyces origin, as well as their properties, production and potential applications in the industrial and biotechnological spheres. New strategies such as the use of atomic force microscopy, the isolation of cardiomyocytes, primary culturing in different types of substrates as well as transcriptomic studies are enabling the understanding of how these cells can be affected by different pathologies. As such, in this compilation these issues are updated by analyzing how new approaches to basic aspects of the structure and physiology of cardiomyocytes can be of clinical relevance. This collection also discusses chitotriosidase and acidic mammalian chitinase belonging to the chitinase family. This family includes 18 chitinases united by the features of their molecular structure. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis is a common, multifactorial process also associated with aging, which frequently causes central canal stenosis. Several types of interbody fusion procedures that may treat of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis are examined, particularly lateral lumbar interbody fusion. The final chapter explores the role surgical intervention plays in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

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Volume 154 first compares the scleral buckle procedure to pneumatic retinopexy and vitrectomy for the repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment to evaluate patient outcomes, single surgery reattachment rate, and complications. Following this, the authors review recent advances in liver organoids differentiated from pluripotent stem cells and discuss the future directions of organoid technology. Additionally, the authors compare the efficacy of low-level red and infrared laser irradiation for the correction of adverse side effects in the oral mucosa in patients receiving (chemo)radiotherapy for oral and pharyngeal cancer. In vivo oral mucosa state monitoring is carried out in patients during the course of oral and pharyngeal cancer radiation/chemoradiation therapy using multimodal optical coherence tomography. An overview of the current methods used for diagnosing, classification of fractures, treatment, and prevention of periprosthetic femur fractures following total hip arthroplasty is provided. This collection also investigates the presence of kyphosis in adolescents and the association between the incidence of kyphosis and age, the average duration of the sports training, body mass index, weight, height and pulse in adolescents who have participated in karate, swimming and handball. The authors attempt to describe advancements in the electrochemistry of cytochrome P450 enzymes and study molecular aspects and catalytic behavior of enzymatic electrocatalysis. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of major causes of liver fibrosis, medicinal plants and the role of medicinal plants in combatting liver fibrosis is provided. Lastly, this compilation recapitulates the history of artificial intelligence in Chinese medicine, focusing on the way Chinese medicine is being revolutionized by this state-of-the-art technology, and how healthcare in China is influenced by various artificial intelligence systems.

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