Search results for ""oup india""

In this book, Noam Chomsky reflects on the history of 'generative enterprise' - his approach to the study of languages that revolutionized our understanding of human languages and other cognitive systems.

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Though much of Iqbal's best poetry is written in Persian, he is also a poet of colossal stature in Urdu. Shikwa (1909) and Jawab-i-Shikwa (1913) extol the legacy of Islam and its civilising role in history, bemoan the fate of Muslims everywhere, and squarely confront the dilemmas of Islam in modern times. Shikwa is thus, in the form of a complaint to Allah for having let down the Muslims and Jawab-i-Shikwa is Allah's reply to the poet's complaint.

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Economic ties between South and East Asia can be traced back to the time of the ancient Silk Road. In the recent past, these sub-regions have made great progress towards reviving close economic links among their countries, fuelled by domestic reforms and emergence of regional production networks. More recently, bilateral and regional-level initiatives have also largely enhanced integration. If such initiatives succeed, could these sub-regions grow to dominate global trade? This book evaluates the economic implications of increasing cooperation between the two regions, providing empirical analyses for informed policy decisions and improved outcomes. Exploring the role of market forces as well as domestic and regional policies, it examines how integration helps in spurring inclusive economic development in small economies. It also focuses on the prospects for India's integration with East Asia, elaborating on its role as the biggest driver of integration in the sub-region.

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First published in 2011, Water Law in India is the only book to offer a comprehensive survey of the legal instruments concerning water in India. It presents a variety of national and state-level instruments that make up the complex and diverse field of water law and policy. This book fills a critical gap in the study of water law, providing a rich reference point for the entire gamut of legal mechanisms available in India. This edition has been extensively revised to include new instruments on water regulation, such as the draft National Water Framework Bill, 2016, and the Model Groundwater (Sustainable Management) Act, 2016; new water-related instruments in such varied fields as criminal law, land acquisition law, and rural employment legislation; and a chapter on international legal instruments. Chapters on drinking water supply, environmental dimensions of water conservation, water infrastructure for irrigation and flood control, groundwater regulation, and institutions catering to water have been thoroughly updated for a complete coverage of water law.

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Can small indigenous communities survive, as distinct cultural entities, in northeast India, an area of mindboggling ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversity? What are the choices such communities have, and what are some of the strategies such communities use to resist marginalisation? In recent years, many such small groups are participating in large state sponsored ethnic festivals, and organising their own community festivals. But are these signs of their increasing agency or simply proof of their continued marginalisation? How do state policies and political borders inter-state as well as international impact on a community's need to perform their ethnicity? These are some of the questions that will be addressed in this work, on the basis of ethnographic field work conducted among the small Tangsa community living in Assam in northeast India. The study also reveals the asymmetry in the relations between the dominant power-wielding Assamese and the Tangsa. In summary, this is a study about marginality and its consequences, about performance of ethnicity at festivals as sites for both resistance and capitulation, and about the compulsions, imposed by the state and dominant neighbours, that can force small ethnic groups to contribute to their own marginalisation.

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The Making of the Dalit Public in North India is a detailed commentary on politics and political consciousness, participation, and mobilization among the Dalits in northern India. Based on extensive fieldwork at the village level in eastern Uttar Pradesh, it deals with the social and political history of Dalits in the state from 1950 to the present. Using alternative sourcesstories and narrativesalive in the oral tradition and collective memory of the oppressed and marginalized Dalits, Narayan documents various social upheavals that have taken place in post-Independence India. He also examines the process of politicization of Dalit communities through their internal social struggles and movements, and their emergence as a political public in the State-oriented democratic political setting of contemporary India.

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Modernity, which emphasizes the relegation of religion firmly to an individual's private life, is a challenging idea for any culture. In India it faces a particularly unusual problem: the persistence of numerous traditional and religious practices means that religion and modernity co-habit here in a complex, plural, transient, and historically evolving relationship. Religion and Modernity in India explores this complex relationship through a series of case studies on the quotidian experiences of people practising a variety of religions. It presents the dynamically interacting textures of society engaging with modernity in divergent ways, both historically and in contemporary times. The essays in this collection consciously bring in the idea of inclusivity by factoring in the small and local contexts. They raise important questions about marginality and sexuality, and discuss the oral and cultural traditions of both mainstream and marginal communities such as tribal communities and women. In doing so, they put forward the perspectives of groups that represent difference but at the same time are linked to a larger whole.

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The economically privileged Lenny is able to taste the forbidden delights of the adult world because of her ayah. The romantic relationship between Sai, an upper-class Gujarati girl, and Gyan, a lower-middle-class Nepali boy, crosses both class and ethnic boundaries. The marriage between Ram, an aristocratic Hindu, and Rose, a working-class Englishwoman, transgresses racial and class lines while also reinforcing patriarchal hierarchies. These relationships in Ice-Candy-Man, The Inheritance of Loss, and Rich Like Us reveal striking similarities in how gendered and classed identities are lived in India and Pakistan. In this scholarly work, Maryam Mirza examines ten novels in English by women writers from the Indian subcontinent. She explores the role of power and desire, and of emotional and physical intimacy in cross-class relations. Among others, Mirza examines well-known novels such as Arundhati Roys The God of Small Things and Kamila Shamsies Salt and Saffron, and works that have hitherto drawn limited critical attention, such as Moni Mohsins The End of Innocence and Brinda Charrys The Hottest Day of the Year.

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Beyond Desire: Sexuality in Modern Tamil Literature explores modern literary discourses of sexuality in the Tamil context from the early to the last decades of the twentieth century. The twofold aim is to trace the shifting notions of the sexual and to complicate and unsettle normative structures of understanding the body, gender, and sexuality. The work resists the equation of desire with sexual intercourse and explores the interpenetration of desire and other sensual modes of relating to the world that include spirituality, social reform, artistic creativity, and labour. Examining the representation of masculine desire in the works of authors like K.P. Rajagopalan, T. Janakiraman, Karichan Kunju, M.V. Venkatram, L.S. Ramamirutham, Dandapani Jeyakantan, and Tanjai Prakash, this work takes into account a spectrum of sensual intimacies that are irreducible to the sexual. It also traces a shift in articulations of desire from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries where desire is reformed and operates within the confines of arranged marriage, to a later scenario of desire where illicit desire becomes inseparable from its potential as a force that reconfigures and binds marginalized subjects.

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From being a country that accounted for a third of the world's out-of-school children, India has now brought down that statistic to a minuscule 0.3 per cent. Instrumental in bringing about this change has been educational policy-making. This volume is a rare peek into the internal workings of the education ministry and development agencies through the eyes of a bureaucrat who saw from close quarters how educational policy is formulated. The author locates the developments in the education sector within larger socio-political and global contexts. The book unravels the relations between Central and state governments in a federal polity and describes educational developments at the state, national, and international levels. It traces changing trends in developmental cooperation, as well as the functioning of bilateral, regional, and multilateral organizations like the World Bank. Using theoretical concepts of decision-making, negotiation theory, and international relations, this book helps open the 'black-box' of policy-making in India.

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An efficient and competent bureaucracy is indispensable to any modern state. This short introduction identifies the importance of civil services in nation-building and governance, and puts forth its varied roles in the current polity: as a regulator, a facilitator, and an executer of development policies. Presenting a clear and concise introduction to the civil services in India, the book engages with: its evolution, size, and structure against a brief historical background the processes of recruitment, training, and performance assessment the managerial, political, social, and judicial mechanisms of accountability; and the relationship between civil servants and the political executive Through in-depth theoretical analyses, it captures the various contributions and drawbacks of the services; and advocates reforms in the existing set-up towards a cleaner, more efficient and performance-based structure in keeping with India's influence as an emerging superpower.

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This book provides a fairly comprehensive account of the evolution of India's foreign policy from 1947 to the present day. It is organized primarily in the form of India's relations with its neighbours and with key states in the global order. All the chapters in this volume utilize the level of analysis approach, a well-established conceptual scheme in the study of international politics in organizing the substantive cases. They provide crisp and lucid accounts of its developments in various parts of the world. The book is significant because there are no other viable edited volumes on the evolution of Indian foreign policy. Each chapter follows a common conceptual framework using the level of analysis approach. This framework looks at the evolution of India's foreign policy from the standpoints of systemic, national, and decision-making perspectives. In the introductory chapter, the editor carefully spells out the intellectual antecedents of the level of analysis framework in straightforward, lucid, and discursive prose, and applies to the substantive chapters in the volume.

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The essays in this book are based on th premise that the notions of pluralism, equality an didentity are inextricably intertwined and inorder to be translated into practice, should be operationally interlinked. Drawing illustrations and empirical data from different societies, the author concludes that while western liberal theory emphasizes equzlity, it ignores pluralism and identity based on th mistaken assumption that nation-states are becoming homogenized.

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This book on obstetrics provides a fundamental knowledge on embryology, and foetal and placental physiology. It emphasizes the importance of antenatal supervision throughout pregnancy and discusses complications and high risk pregnancies. Further, it has sections on normal and abnormal labour and their management, and also on foetal growth and neonatal management. In the present era of 'safe motherhood' and childcare, this book aims to enable practitioners to maintain positive health of pregnant women, leading to the delivery of healthy children, and making the experience of pregnancy and childbirth joyful and gratifying. The procedures and precautions described in this book, if followed, should help in achieving reduced maternal and perinatal mortality.

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This is an attempt to define Indian society in the crucial period of the mid-first millennium BC and in the seminal area of the Ganges Valley. It examines the major change from a lineage-based society to the establishment of state systems, and takes into account the emergence of a peasant economy and the process of urbanization.

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What does innovation mean to and in India? What are the predominant sites of activity where Indians innovate, and under what situations do they work or fail? This book addresses these all-important questions arising within diverse Indian contexts: informal economy, low-cost settings, large business groups, entertainment and copyright industries, an evolving pharma sector, a poorly organized and appallingly underfunded public health system, social enterprises for the urban poor, and innovations-for-the-millions. Its balanced perspective on India's promises and failings makes it a valuable addition for those who believe that India's future banks heavily on its ability to leapfrog using innovation, as well as those sceptical of the Indian state's belief in the potential of private enterprise and innovation. It also provides critical insights on innovation in general, the most important of which being the highly context-specific, context-driven character of the innovation project.

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What histories do objects like coins or gems help us to trace? How can we read photographs and paintings? How do fictional tales, imaginative biographies, basic lexicons, or accounts of Sufi masters code intellectual worlds and reveal cultural and religious shifts? What range of sources is available to the historian of medieval and early modern India? How can textual sources illuminate material objects, sites, and practices, and vice versa? What historical methods do the different sources and material objects require? Drawing on the rich scholarship of Simon E. Digby (1932-2010) on South Asian medieval history and culture, the essays in this volume offer method lessons in a wide range of historical fields.

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Science communication, once the exclusive preserve of a scientific elite, has not been immune to the growing influence of mass media over society. As mass media becomes the most prominent site of public deliberation over science, multiple voices-both expert and non-expert-have begun to emerge, rewriting the social contract of science. In the new millennium, the Indian state of Kerala saw a number of scientific controversies being discussed in the regional newspapers. Set against the backdrop of case studies of three major public controversies, Contested Knowledge explores how these mediated disputes brought the otherwise hidden dynamics of scientific knowledge production into full public view. It examines critical questions about 'medialized science', such as: What is a scientific-citizenry? How did a 'scientific public sphere' develop in Kerala? How does public contestation of knowledge contribute to deliberative democracy by re-instilling politics into science? Are there limits to such a democratization of science? A fascinating commentary on the relation between science and society, this volume is a pioneering work that analyses the science-media-public interaction in a non-Western context.

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On 14 July 2013, India closed down its telegraph service, drawing the curtain over an important chapter in its history of telecommunications. Introduced during the colonial period, the telegraph network was opened for public use on 1 February 1855; both the beginning and the end of the service were marked by striking scenes of people 'rushing' to the telegraph office in order to send messages. Like the internet today, the new technology came to play an important role in the conduct of journalism in nineteenth-century India. The News of Empire reconstructs the interconnected history of telegraphy and journalism by drawing on a wide range of historical material and through an in-depth analysis of the newspaper press. Questioning grand narratives of 'media revolutions', Amelia Bonea argues that the use of telegraphy in journalism was gradual and piecemeal. News itself emerged as the site of many contestations, as imperial politics, capitalist enterprise, and individual agency shaped not only access to technologies of communication, but also the content and form of reporting.

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Many countries have started contesting international investment treaties that allow foreign corporations to sue sovereign States for alleged treaty breaches at international arbitration fora. This contestation has taken the form of either countries terminating their investment treaties or walking out of the investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) system. India has also jumped on the contestation bandwagon. As a consequence of being sued by more than 20 foreign investors, India terminated close to 60 investment treaties and adopted a new model bilateral investment treaty (BIT) purportedly to balance investment protection with the host State's right to regulate. This book studies critically India's approach towards BITs by tracing its origin, evolution, and the current state of play. The book does so by locating it in India's economic policy in general and policy towards foreign investment in particular. India's approach towards BITs and its policy towards foreign investment were consistent with each other in the periods of economic nationalism (1947-1990) and economic liberalism (1991-2010). However, post 2010, India's approach to BITs has become protectionist while India's foreign investment policy continues to be liberal. In order to balance investment protection with the State's right to regulate, India needs to evolve its BIT practice based on the twin framework of international rule of law and embedded liberalism.

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A flagship annual document of the Ministry of Finance, Government of India, the Economic Survey reviews the developments in the Indian economy over the previous twelve months, summarizes the performance on major development programmes, and highlights the policy initiatives of the government and the prospects of the economy in the short to medium term. This document is presented to both houses of Parliament during the Budget Session, tabled a day ahead of the Union Budget. With detailed analysis of recent developments -international, domestic, as well as sectoral -the Survey is the most authoritative and updated source of information on India's economy. This year, it analyses radical policy actions by the government, in particular, GST and demonetization, and advocates broader societal shifts for overcoming the meta-challenges like inefficient redistribution, weak state capacity, and ambivalence towards private sector and property rights. Embracing 'Big Data', the Survey produces the first-ever estimate of the flow of goods and people within the country, to assess the effectiveness of targeting of major current schemes. Further, it brings to the fore a discussion on Universal Basic Income as a means of achieving social justice and economic productivity.

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Social science research has a vital role in enriching societies, by generating scientific knowledge that brings insights-even enlightenment-in understanding the dynamics of human behaviour and development. For social sciences to realize their potential in shaping public policy, it is imperative that the research ecosystem is dynamic and vibrant; the institutions governing it are robust and effective; and those producing quality research are strong and well governed. This volume elaborates on various dimensions of social science research in India, presenting a strong case for designing a comprehensive national social science policy which can meaningfully strengthen and promote a research ecosystem for improved public policymaking in the country. Addressing issues like lack of funding, availability of data, infrastructure, and quality of research output, it will serve as a national benchmark and reference database for social sciences in India.

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The textile industry is one of the oldest in the country, going back several centuries. The industry experienced recession from the mid-1960s to the 1980s. However, this trend is reversed after the early 1990s when domestic demand for textiles products as well as exports increased substantially. What factors have contributed to the growth of the industry? What kind of changes have occurred in the structure of exports of the industry and what are their implications? Has the growth of this labour-intensive industry generated adequate employment? This book addresses such debates and examines the process of growth of India's textile industry, focusing on its performance on the employment front since the 1980s. Using macro-level data, the book analyses determinants of domestic demand and challenges the general perception that the growth of the industry was primarily driven by an expansion in exports of textile products. It argues that structural changes such as inter-fibre and inter-sectoral shifts and capacity expansion involving modernization have contributed to decline in quantity as well as quality of employment generated by the industry.

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Does substantial expansion of educational facilities by itself create the required demand for education? Since demand for education depends on many socio-economic, political, and religious factors, is the supply of free schooling alone adequate? Schooling for All demonstrates that there is still a substantial need to create demand for schooling among all levels of society, especially in those socio-economic groups which are yet to see the importance of education. The volume critically analyses the primary drawbacks of the Indian education system-non-enrolment, dropouts, irregular attendance, and inadequate learning. It establishes the need to strongly encourage parents to recognize the importance of education for their children's future. Arguing that supply-side strategies-free education, midday meals, opening more schools-have not proved effective since the problem of inadequate demand is much larger, the authors delineate the measures that are required to boost the demand for education in India.

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This book provides a lucid and concise introduction to the theoretical and practical aspects of macroeconomics. With India-centric examples, data, and case studies, it provides an overview of governmental policies and measures crucial to economic growth and development. Revised and updated, the second edition offers discussion on major schools of macroeconomic thought and the key economic variables; detailed overview of monetary and fiscal policies under various regimes; analysis of long-run economic growth discussing important growth models and theory; and newly expanded sections on business cycles, consumption theory, and economic liberalization. Written in an accessible and reader-friendly style, it presents a wider coverage of themes, updated statistics, tables, boxes, and illustrations, numerical examples, chapter-end exercises, and summary points, modeled in the Indian context. It will serve as an indispensible introductory text for undergraduate students and teachers of macroeconomics.

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This book is a revised edition of a pictorial guide to the birds of the Indian subcontinent first published in 1983. The book deals with the birds of the Indian Subcontinent India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, including the islands of Andaman and Nicobars, Lakshadweep, and Maldives and not includes Afghanistan and the Chagos Archipelago. The main part of the book is taken up by bird topography and complemented by 112 plates containing illustrations of 1251 species to describe how their family/species perceived in the society. Additional notes of over 100 definite species are also provided to add special flavour to the reader. The Guide contains species descriptions to aid field identification, as there are quite a few bird species where a pictorial representation is not sufficient, especially to identify similar looking birds. The brief descriptions of the species have been added to enable quick identification, except for species where more detailing is required. The detailed indices of group and stand-alone names, common names, and scientific names of the birds of the Indian Subcontinent would be of immense help to the serious scholars and researcher of birds of the Indian Subcontinent.

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South Asia's growth pattern, and India's growth in particular, has attracted global attention because of its success in service exports. The South Asian experience suggests that a service revolution-rapid growth and poverty reduction led by services-is now possible. What is a service revolution? What has contributed to the globalization of services-technology, trade, and transport-the 3Ts? Do services have spatial characteristics that differ from goods? Are services as dynamic as manufacturing? Can services be a driver of sustained growth, job creation, and poverty reduction? Why have some countries succeeded and others failed in taking advantage of the globalization of services? What kind of policies and institutions do developing countries need to benefit from services-led growth? This volume answers these questions, with a fresh perspective on growth in India and other South Asian countries. The volume is divided into three sections: The first section examines the role of services in development and how it contributes to growth, job creation, and poverty reduction. The second section focuses on patterns of and developments in service exports. The third section explores what kind of infrastructure, policies, and institutions are necessary for a services-led growth. The focus is on education, telecommunication, and aviation.

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Medical malpractice, perceived and actual, especially in the current environment of fast paced technological advances, is among the most critical health issues in India today. Related litigation has been increasing year by year, especially since the coming into

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This important book analyses the impact of macroeconomic reforms in India through an econometric model. The book concludes that the economy has shifted to a higher growth path in recent years, however to further accelerate it would require substantial improvement in both productivity of capital and rate of investment.

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This volume is a comprehensive handbook for production, marketing and finacne strategies in the commercial exploitation of fisheries. It analyses global fishing production, disposition and import trade, and strategies for Indian exporters.

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This volume applies modern quantitative techniques to the meaningful analysis of economic policy, economic forecasting, and scientific quantification of economic relationships. The essays deal with issues in policy modelling for the Indian economy with respect to: price behaviour, growth scenarios, monetary policy, business cycles, debt management, exchange rate and trade flows, and consumption behaviour. In highlighting effective macroeconomic modelling techniques from a policy perspective, the volume enables convergence between professional economists and policy-formulators. This ensures meaningful application of econometric methodology to a spectrum of policy themes resulting in more reliable effective, and sustainable solutions. The principal economy-wide modelling techniques the volume focuses on include: structural modelling, spectral analysis, optimal control, coincident indicators, and the latest extension of almost ideal demand systems (AIDS). Presenting an overview of t he developments in the field of structural macroeconometric modelling in India in the last two decades, the contributors encapsulate the diverse methodologies used as well as the empirical results generated. This book is of contemporary relevance to the new policy regime geared for globalization. It firmly sends out the message that in an era of increasingly dynamic market structures, it is necessary to quantify behavioural patterns and adjustment processes rather than relying on rules of thumb and casual empiricism. Contributors include Nobel Laureate Lawrence Klein, Jan Tinbergen, D M Nachane, and winner of the Mahalanobis Memorial National Award M J Manohar Rao, among others.

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The reader demonstrates how the concept of Public Administration has altered under changed global conditions. It also examines in detail the Indian experience of Public Administration which has been altered and modified by domestic as well as global forces.

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This book using tools of industrial organization and business policy comprehensively examines how a firm can maximise short and long term gains for its stakeholders. This volume may be described as a book on industrial organization with a buisness policy perspective.

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This book is the story of the Anglo-Arabic School situated at Ajmeri gate, Delhi just outside what was once known as Shahjahanabad. The book explores an educational journey that has its beginnings nearly three centuries ago. Prior to the existence of this school, the campus at Ajmeri Gate had housed the Ghaziuddin madrasa and its successor, the famed Delhi College. The book documents the journey of the school from its inception in the late 19th century, its progress in the first half of the 20th century and finally its shutting down at the time of Partition. The story then moves on to the school's subsequent regeneration in post-independent India and analyzes its journey ever since. It also explores the complex relationship between the school and the community it seeks to serve. In telling the story of the Anglo-Arabic School a number of stories are unpacked. The school at Ajmeri Gate is a reminder of a community's glory and grandeur, with many generations of noted Muslim families having studied there.

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This book locates Digital India in context. It deals with the many ways in which Digital India is shaped by local pressures and political expediencies as much as by global pressures, namely from one of India's strongest allies, the USA. However, this relationship with the USA is by no means straightforward and this book illustrates the highs and lows of this relationship. As importantly, this book deals with the larger Indian reality in which the digital is but one sector, albeit an increasingly important one. There are other sectors including agriculture and the informal sectors on which many million Indians depend on their livelihoods. These sectors too are becoming exposed to the digital and this has resulted in the presence of multiple digital spheres in India. This book deals with the ambivalent Indian State that is on the one hand attempting to control its citizens through some of these digital spheres while also investing in public access projects such as Digital India and resisting the power of Big Brother, namely the USA. This is an important contribution to understanding Digital India precisely because it attempts to account for some of its complexities.

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This work is the first comprehensive effort to recover the forgotten histories of the highly impactful women's association, the Assam Mahila Samiti, and the life and times of its founding secretary Chandraprava Saikiani, who was a celebrated writer, mobilizer, and publisher, despite being an unwed mother and belonging to a 'lower' caste. The book traverses the individual and collective journeys of Saikiani and the mahila samitis from the 1920s to the 1950s in conversation with parallel tribal-caste and literary associations, anti-colonial movements and international ideological paradigms such as the Bolshevik revolution. It also makes significant methodological interventions in interdisciplinary studies through the careful interweaving of print sources with handwritten minutes of early mahila samiti meetings, performative spaces such as Women's singing of naam kirtan, women's weaving and women's memory (recorded as part of a digital archive of the mahila samitis in Assam). It provides insights into issues related to history and memory, literary studies, and nascent vernacular publics in South Asia and Women's Studies.

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It is widely believed that the Indian economy witnessed near stagnation in real GDP growth from Independence till the late 1970s. Challenging this notion, the collection of papers and speeches in this volume provides fresh perspectives on India's growth experience from Independence to the recent global financial crisis. This volume documents how the conduct of Indian monetary and financial policy has been unorthodox by the standards of extant international conventional wisdom, but appropriate to the macroeconomic and structural conditions prevailing in India. With a focus on growth drivers and financial stability, the volume deals with a wide-range of issues: growth of manufacturing and service sectors, role of policies (monetary, fiscal, financial market and sector, external sector), urban infrastructure investment, public service delivery, role of central banks, and the interaction between international finance and monetary policy. Drawing upon the post-reform experience and the global crisis, the volume takes stock of current challenges and suggests strategies to sustain long-term double-digit growth rates.

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The book focuses on the phenomenon of predation during the closing decades of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century in Indias western littoral. It attempts a material history of piracy, locating its antecedents, its social context, and its ramifications at a crucial time of political transition. Alongside, it revisits the idea of piracy as a category that was largely constituted by regimes of power and regulation in the high seas and in littoral waters. In the case of India and the Indian Ocean, the pirate was a particularly maligned figure thanks to the discourse put forward by the English East Company. The book unravels the making of such a discourse, while remaining attentive to fissures and tensions within the discourse.

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As a sequel to the South India: Human Development Report and the West and Central India Human Development Report this report contains a compilation of economic and social data based on a primary survey of four states in Northern India: Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and erstwhile Uttar Pradesh. The volume estimates human development unicators and provides profiles for the states along with qualitative surveys for select villages.

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This volume focuses on the decentralization of governance and finances with the ultimate intent being to strengthen the panchayat level of governance, and thereby make more effective the delivery of the many critical functions assigned to them.

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