Search results for ""hanser publications""

Polymers reinforced with discontinuous fibers have a wide range of important applications such as in automotive parts and business machines. The fl ow that occurs during processing of these materials creates a complex but repeatable pattern of fi ber orientation, which plays a key role in achieving the desirable mechanical properties these materials can offer.The primary focus of this unique book is fiber orientation: how to describe it mathematically, how to measure it experimentally, and how to predict it using models available in commercial software. The book also covers the description, measurement, and modeling of fiber length, another important variable that can be predicted by commercial software. The connection between fiber orientation and mechanical properties is explained, as is the relationship between fiber orientation and rheological properties in the fl uid state. "Fundamentals of Fiber Orientation" focuses on the models used in current engineering practice, but also discusses topics from current research that could transition to engineering practice soon.For practicing engineers, this book teaches the fundamentals needed to understand data, set up meaningful simulations, and interpret results. The book provides a thorough, organized overview of the field, and will also be a valuable resource to those undertaking research in this area. Free MATLAB software implementing the models discussed in the book is provided online.

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Single-screw or twin-screw extruder? When the need to produce a homogeneous polymer melt occurs in the industrial environment, both product attributes and equipment cost must be evaluated. For many applications both the single and twin-screw extruder will produce the desired homogeneous melt needed to form the product through an extrusion die. Some applications such as dispersive mixing of solids in a polymer matrix are best accomplished in a twin-screw extruder. On the other hand, applications involving chemical reactions, color concentrate distributive mixing, and in line polymer-polymer distributive mixing can be accomplished with either device.However, for the same production rate, twin-screw extruders are generally more expensive than single-screw extruders with a diameter less than 200 mm. Therefore, a thorough understanding is needed for the concepts of solids conveying, melting, and mixing for the two types of extruders to make appropriate process acquisition decisions. This book covers engineering and technology concepts that should aid the practitioner in comparing these two types of extrusion equipment relative to process requirements.The handbook is intended for newcomers interested in the theoretical and regulatory aspects of validation and for thermal analysis practitioners who have to validate their equipment and methods.

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An injection mold is the heart of any plastics molding workcell. Understanding the principles of an injection mold design and its importance to a successful plastic part is fundamental to the success of the product. This book helps guide the designer, engineer, project manager, and production manager in making sure that the injection mold to be designed will work as intended. This book will take the reader through the process of conceptualizing and designing an injection mold that will produce the desired plastic part. Since it all starts with the plastic part, the book will first focus on key features and details of the plastic part which are necessary for good mold design. The design of the main components of an injection mold will be discussed and good design practices will be shared. Finally the process of testing and gaining customer acceptance of the mold for production will be detailed. A comprehensive appendix and detailed drawings will provide the required detail for completing a mold design.

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Measurement uncertainty is an important component of modern materials analysis: it indicates the boundaries within which the test results can be trusted. Such results are necessary for understanding of, for example, material and product tolerances and lifetimes, vital for plastic product reliability and safety.Determination of measurement uncertainty is normally quite laborious, but this book shows how the available interlaboratory test data for plastics can be used to calculate measurement uncertainty much more simply. It contains many interlaboratory test results in the fields of thermoanalysis, molar mass determination, and quantitative analysis of the composition of material, presented in tables and graphical charts, discussed in the text, and elaborated by practical examples.In addition to the evaluation by means of the presented data (top-down approach), the relationship to the bottom-up approach specified in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) is explained based on an example. Further sections deal with sampling, and the issue of whether or not the difference between analytical results is significant.

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This is a practical guide to cost-effective formulating of rubber compounds to achieve optimal processing and performance. It provides a thorough discussion of the principles of rubber compounding, rubber testing, and how various compound changes will affect different properties and test measurements.Rubber compounding is discussed as a series of interdependent systems such as the elastomer system, the filler-oil system, the cure system, among others. A holistic approach is used to show how changes in these different systems will affect specific compound properties.Much attention is given to trade-offs in properties and emphasis is placed on finding the best balance for compound cost, processing properties, and product performance. New in this third edition: new and revised content on recycled rubber, precipitated silica and non-black fillers, and silicone elastomers.

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This highly practical troubleshooting guide solves problems at the machine systematically and quickly. Drawing on a wealth of hands-on experience from the authors, who have built strong reputations in the field, the book is structured by type of problem/solution. Thus, it is an ideal reference to be consulted at the machine. Included is valuable information on robust process windows, cycle time evaluations, scrap savings, and runners/gates with no existing standard in the industry. No other book provides the unique insights found here.

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Plastics flammability is a highly important consideration in many industries, including building and construction, mass transportation, electrical and electronic equipment, wire and cable, as well as upholstered furniture and textiles. This comprehensive handbook has been, since its first edition in 1983, unrivalled as the definitive source of information on the reaction of plastics to fire, as well as on the relevant regulations and testing methods. This fourth edition is comprehensively updated throughout, with inclusion of new national and international standards, new technologies and testing procedures, and novel retardants and formulations, reflecting the current state of the art. The book is edited by the internationally renowned consultant Jürgen Troitzsch and by Edith Antonatus, who have assembled leading experts to cover their specialty areas with authority within their respective chapters.

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Understanding of polymer interactions is important for effective processing of plastics and their blends, mixing with nanoparticles, and understanding of their mechanical and physical (e.g., electrical) properties. This book describes a new physics of interactions in polymers that challenges existing theories, and explains the concept of entanglement in a very different way.Rheology is formulated with different parameters defi ning the physics of dual-phase and cross-dual-phase. The rubbery behavior of thermoplastics is explained quite differently to conventional theory.Rheo-fluidification experiments which are applicable to industry (injection molding, extrusion, sheet forming, etc.) are described and analyzed, including molding under conditions of reduced viscosity (up to several hundred percent). The application of this theory to industry has already been proven by a number of successful derived inventions.

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The author presents single-screw extrusion technology together with the relevant polymer fundamentals, with an emphasis on screw design. The presentation begins on a physical level, providing an in-depth conceptual understanding, followed by an analytical level with mathematical models. Practical applications of the mathematical models are illustrated by numerous examples. A brief description of twin-screw extrusion technology is also presented.New in the third edition: a novel patented barrier screw design that eliminates shortcomings of all previous barrier screw designs, more descriptive specific screw design guidelines, a scientifically designed pineapple mixing section, and general improvements and corrections.

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The first book to shed light on the critical role the melt delivery system plays in successful injection molding has received a major update in its 3rd edition. This successful book will give you an immediate leg up by reducing mold commissioning times, increasing productivity, improving customer satisfaction, and achieving quality goals such as Six Sigma.How do you determine the optimum design of your runners and gates; what type of runner system (hot or cold variations) do you use for a specific application; how do you identify molding problems generated by the gate and runner vs. those stemming from other molding issues; what should you consider when selecting a gating location? The “Runner and Gate Design Handbook” will give you the means to get to the bottom of these issues as well as provide specific guidelines for process optimization and troubleshooting.Highlights among the numerous new updates include coverage and analyses of critical shear induced melt variations that are developed in the runners of all injection molds, expanded content on hot runners, and a new subchapter on injection molding process development.

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This updated edition provides an overview of flame retardants that are in commercial use, were recently used, or are in development. The book is organized polymer-by-polymer and provides a guide to advantages, limitations, and patented and patent-free formulations, with insight into favorable and unfavorable combinations. The targeted readership is the plastics or textile finish compounder and the plastic additives R&D worker, as well as market development and sales. This edition contains, besides a compendium of current flame retardants, updated information relevant to performance testing, mode of action, and safety and regulatory aspects. Industrial or academic researchers will find useful a discussion of unsolved problems with possible new approaches. Both authors have extended, productive experience in both basic and applied research on a wide range of flame retardancy topics.

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Textile Technology is a unique and readable introduction into the field of textile engineering. It is based on an elementary level course focusing on the manufacture (processes and machines) of yarn, fabric, knitwear, nonwovens, braids, reinforcing fabrics, and technical textiles, but also provides technicians and engineers in the textile industry with an up-to-date review of processes and equipment for textile manufacturing.The book covers all processing steps for the manufacturing of textiles, describing materials, processes and machines, finishing, making-up, and recycling. To provide a better understanding of the individual textile processes, each chapter ends with an example describing the respective processing steps for a specific textile product. In addition, current and future development trends are discussed.The second edition is brought up to date with extensive coverage of new developments, such as in the fields of testing, measurement, and simulation.

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Structure and morphology determine the properties of polymeric materials. This atlas provides, with over 2,000 high-quality micrographs, a comprehensive overview of the structural/morphological diversity of all classes of plastics. All microscopic techniques from light microscopy through scanning and transmission electron microscopy to atomic force microscopy are covered.Another focus is on the changes in plastics morphology occurring under mechanical stress, i.e. the deformation and fracture structures. The extensive visual material will help professionals in research and application fields to determine structure-property correlations of polymeric materials and also improve training and teaching in universities.

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Phase separation in polymer blends has achieved a tremendous techno-commercial importance. Most of the applications of polymer blends, such as tissue engineering, membrane technology, electromagnetic shielding, energy harvesting, structural materials, packaging, smart multiphase polymer coatings, depend on the morphologies developed during processing.This book outlines the fundamental aspects of polymer blend thermodynamics, the state-of-the-art processing techniques for specific polymer blend systems currently in use, and the design and fabrication of multiphasic polymeric materials, which will present a multiplicity of opportunities in the water remediation, packaging, and electronic industries, to mention a few. It emphasizes recent research developments, processing techniques, characterization methods, factors influencing phase separation temperature in phase-separated, including partially miscible, polymer blends, and key research challenges in the development of phase-separated polymers materials.With unique and systematic coverage of the journey from fundamentals to applications in polymer blends, this book is ideal for polymer scientists and engineers, material scientists, researchers, engineers, and under- and post-graduate students who are interested in this exciting field of research. It will help industrial researchers and R&D managers bring advanced phase-separated polymer materials/products to the market.

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Co-rotating twin-screw extruders are extensively used for the preparation, compounding, mixing, and processing of plastics, but also in other industry branches, such as in rubber and food processing, and increasingly in the pharmaceutical industry too. Derived from the classic, bestselling work Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruders, this book brings much of the content up to date, with an expanded focus on the fundamentals of co-rotating twin-screw extrusion, including functional zones in the extruder, screw elements, material behavior, flow properties, performance behavior, and application of computational fluid dynamics.Co-rotating twin-screw machines usually have modular configurations and are thus quite flexible for adapting to changing tasks and material properties. Well-founded knowledge of machines, processes, and material behavior is required in order to design and operate twin-screw extruders for economically successful operations. With chapters written by many expert authors from industry and academia, this book provides valuable information on applications from a practical perspective, suitable for both beginners and experienced professional engineers.Also derived from the classic bestselling work Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruders, the second book focuses on the application and machine technology of co-rotating twin-screw extrusion. It includes functional zones in the extruder, scale-up and scale-down, machine technology, and many application examples from a broad range of areas.

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This practical introductory guide to injection molding simulation is aimed at both practicing engineers and students. It will help the reader to innovate and improve part design and molding processes, essential for efficient manufacturing.A user-friendly, case-study-based approach is applied, enhanced by many illustrations in full color. The book is conceptually divided into three parts:Chapters 1–5 introduce the fundamentals of injection molding, focusing the factors governing molding quality and how molding simulation methodology is developed. As they are essential to molding quality, the rheological, thermodynamic, thermal, mechanical, kinetic properties of plastics are fully elaborated in this part, as well as curing kinetics for thermoset plastics.Chapters 6–11 introduce CAE verification of design, a valuable tool for both part and mold designers toward avoiding molding problems in the design stage and to solve issues encountered in injection molding. This part covers design guidelines of part, gating, runner, and cooling channel systems. Temperature control in hot runner systems, prediction and control of warpage, and fiber orientation are also discussed.Chapters 12–17 introduce research and development in innovative molding, illustrating how CAE is applied to advanced molding techniques, including co-/bi-Injection molding, gas-/water-assisted injection molding, foam injection molding, powder injection molding, resin transfer molding, and integrated circuit packaging.The authors come from the creative simulation team at CoreTech System (Moldex3D), winner of the PPS James L. White Innovation Award 2015. Several CAE case study exercises for execution in the Moldex3D software are included to allow readers to practice what they have learned and test their understanding.In the 2nd edition, the concept of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in injection molding is introduced. In order to integrate molding simulation and injection machines, the workflow of machine response characterization is illustrated. By taking into account the real-world machine response, users can more accurately reflect the real-world manufacturing conditions in simulations. The optimized processing conditions obtained from the simulation can then be directly applied on the shop floor, bridging the gap between simulation and manufacturing. In addition, a new flow-fiber coupling model, i.e., the informed-isotropic (IISO) viscosity developed by Dr. Favaloro and Prof. Pipes of Purdue University, to simulate the anisotropic flow for fiber-reinforced thermoplastics is introduced. The IISO coupling is available to simulate some peculiar, irregular filling patterns for fiber-reinforced melts at high fiber concentrations: the free surface advances faster along the side cavity walls.

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This compact glossary in eight languages (English, German, Spanish, Italian, French, Portuguese, Russian, and Chinese) contains more than 2300 terms related to the chemistry, properties, testing, and processing of plastic materials. It was created to help bridge the language barriers within the international plastics manufacturing community.The concept is easy: a word-for-word translation without furthe explanation or interpretation. The glossary is particularly valuable for a quick reference of technical terms from a foreign language to the respective mother tongue and vice versa. Alphabetical indexes are included to make looking up terms fast and simple from any starting language. Even for translation of short technical texts or brochures, the glossary will be a helpful tool.The 8th edition includes approximately 300 new terms, and the addition of Portuguese as an additional language.

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Plastics have a very important role to play in energy-efficient and low-carbon technologies of the present and future, but for them to be classified as sustainable materials, there is a great need for practical and economic recycling methods and infrastructure. This book fills the gap for a modern comprehensive technical guide to recycling of plastics, covering the whole value chain from raw materials to recycled materials.All important recycling technologies (mechanical, chemical/feedstock, dissolution) are discussed and compared to each other and alternative disposal methods such as energy recovery and gasification. Collecting, sorting, and purification methods are also covered, as are economic, legal, and political aspects.A strong emphasis is placed on data comparability, e.g. by standardized methods in measuring data. Although this is a challenge to implement, comparing data across technologies, regions, and stakeholders along the value chain yields important benefits. Key instruments for such a target are lifecycle assessments (LCAs), which are calculated in a standard way across the chapters to "calibrate" the messages among the numerous expert co-authors.

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This useful guide provides a hands-on approach to making carbon fibers and their composites for those who need to use these materials. The book begins with a brief history of carbon fiber development, with definition of the terminology for all forms of solid carbon, and the properties of elemental carbon and its allotropic forms. Various carbon fiber precursors, surface treatments, and sizes for a range of carbon fiber types available on the world market are presented. The book gives an excellent overview of the chemical and physical properties of carbon fibers and their composites. In addition, common test and analysis methods for demonstrating these properties are presented. Several chapters describe typical processing methods for carbon fibers with dry and also impregnated semi-finished products in applications such as aerospace, wind, and automotive, as well as the construction industry. The advantages and disadvantages of various manufacturing processes based on application examples are shown. Considerations regarding C-fiber recycling and sustainability (environmental footprint) as well as new developments in the field of carbon fiber manufacturing are intended to assist the reader in the selection and understanding of material, process, and design to achieve successful implementation.

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Reliable and meaningful methods of polymer testing are necessary to support the plastics industry, being essential for understanding material and part properties, and evaluating materials for a part design, with important implications for product safety as well as operating conditions and lifetime. This book covers all the most important testing methods, from long-established basic techniques to recent developments, including the latest polymer testing standards. By means of examples for the optimization of materials as well as for the evaluation of part properties, an insight into modern polymer testing and its interdisciplinary character is provided. Included in this third edition is an all-new chapter on the testing of polymer films; additionally, many small updates and corrections have been made throughout the book. Numerous tables and figures are included, providing structures and physico-chemical data. A special section for beginners is dedicated to guiding formulations and test methods. A relatively short section deals with development trends in Europe. Sustainability is a major theme, and it is demonstrated that PVC has a strong potential to develop into a fully sustainable material. Another section deals with the everyday problems in the processing of PVC, such as the formation of specks, photo-effects, and plate-out. Plate-out is a common problem in the processing of PVC but only relatively few publications cover it. The causes, influencing factors, and mechanisms are still poorly understood. This section, unique in the literature, provides assistance in the selection and dosage of raw materials to PVC processor, based on the influencing factors during processing.

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Rheology in Polymer Processing introduces the fundamentals of rheology and rheometry as the basis for modeling and computer-aided design in plastics processing. The logically structured content enables the reader to intelligently use the tools of computer-aided design and modeling of plastics processing, with correct interpretation of the results. The book presents difficult and complex issues of rheology and modeling in an accessible way, with particular emphasis on the practical engineering aspects. The software described in the book allows modeling all the important problems of plastics processing. Particular attention is paid to the extrusion process, which is fundamentally important as a processing technology in mass manufacture of plastic parts, and the basis of compounding processes (blending, filling, granulation, and reinforcement). This book is aimed equally at engineers, researchers, and scientists, as well as intermediate students, for whom it will serve as an ideal course book.

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This applications-oriented book describes the construction of an injection mold from the ground up. Included are explanations of the individual types of molds, components, and technical terms; design procedures; techniques, tips, and tricks in the construction of an injection mold; and pros and cons of various solutions.Based on a plastic part ("bowl with lid") specially developed for this book, easily understandable text and many illustrative pictures and drawings provide the necessary knowledge for practical implementation. Step by step, the plastic part is modified and enhanced. The technologies and designs that are additionally needed for an injection mold are described by engineering drawings. Maintenance and repair, and essential manufacturing techniques are also discussed.With full-color illustrations, this third edition builds on the success of the previous ones, with significantly expanded coverage of molding simulation, including many new figures, and updates and small corrections throughout the book.

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PVC differs in its stabilization compared to other commodity plastics. Various metal compounds are suitable for the stabilization of PVC: lead, tin, calcium, magnesium, zinc, rare earths, and also almost-metal-free systems. These differences are described in the introductory part of this book, with their advantages, possibilities, and problems, from the perspective of the chemist but made understandable for salespeople and technicians.Numerous tables and figures are included, providing structures and physico-chemical data. A special section for beginners is dedicated to guiding formulations and test methods. A relatively short section deals with development trends in Europe. Sustainability is a major theme, and it is demonstrated that PVC has a strong potential to develop into a fully sustainable material.Another section deals with the everyday problems in the processing of PVC, such as the formation of specks, photo-effects, and plate-out. Plate-out is a common problem in the processing of PVC but only relatively few publications cover it. The causes, influencing factors, and mechanisms are still poorly understood. This section, unique in the literature, provides assistance in the selection and dosage of raw materials to PVC processor, based on the influencing factors during processing.

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This book describes, in clear understandable language, the three main disciplines of adhesion technology: 1) mechanics of the adhesive bond, 2) chemistry of adhesives, and 3) surface science. Some knowledge of physical and organic chemistry is assumed, but no familiarity with the science of adhesion is required. The emphasis is on understanding adhesion, how surfaces can be prepared and modified, and how adhesives can be formulated to perform a given task. Throughout the book, the author provides a broad view of the field, with a consistent style that leads the reader from one step to the next in gaining an understanding of the science. The 4th edition has additional content covering sustainability (use of natural products in adhesives) and bonding of composite materials. There are also updates and small improvements throughout, together with some new review questions aprovided at the end of the chapters.

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Many technical books about plastics are too theoretical and difficult to read. The intention of this book is to offer something completely different: it is easy to read with many examples taken from everyday life. It is suitable for readers at secondary school and university levels, and can be used for training activities in industry as well as for self-studies.Included are over 600 color images to illustrate the wide variety of plastics and process workflows used today. The book also contains a number of computer-based tools that can be downloaded from the author's website. With comprehensive coverage, this is probably the most versatile plastics handbook ever written!New in the second edition are much-expanded content (new chapter) on extrusion, new color figures, a new layout, and corrections throughout. A bonus download of working Excel tools is provided to supplement the book content.

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This book covers the fundamental unit operations involved in processing of thermoplastic and thermoset nanocomposites. The processing methods include extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, and thermoforming. Also covered are nanoparticle dispersion, distribution, and compatibilization, and applications of polymer nanocomposites.Nanocomposites have been of high research interest in the past decades and a number of practical applications are now emerging, such as in the automotive sector. Although there have been previous works on nanocomposites, they are not as current as this one and they do not have the emphasis on processing found here.Edited and written leading experts in the field, this book is a major contribution to a growing and exciting field.

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This definitive book provides a comprehensive account of the full range of dies used for extrusion of plastics and elastomers. The distinctive features of the various types of dies are described in detail. Expert advice on the configuration of dies is given, and the possibilities of computer-aided design, as well as its limitations, are demonstrated.Fundamentals and computational procedures are clearly explained so that no special prior knowledge of the subject is required. The mechanical configuration, handling, and maintenance of extrusion dies are described. Calibration procedures for pipes and profiles are also discussed.This book was written for plastics engineers who need daily support in their practical work in industry and science, as well as for students preparing for their professional life.The 4th edition is brought up to date with several important additions, including coverage of multilayer (>15 layer) dies, melt encapsulation, and simulation tools (rheological/thermal CFD simulations).With the purchase of this book, you also receive a free personal access code to download the eBook.

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The ‘system level’ knowledge and design skills needed to create good snap-fit interfaces existed in the minds of self-taught snap-fit experts but was not captured in the literature.New designers of plastic parts wishing to use snap-fit had nowhere to turn unless they were fortunate enough to have access to an experienced snap-fit designer. This book organizes and presents all design aspects of snap-fits with an emphasis on the systems level thinking required to create world-class attachments. Beginning, as well as experienced, product designers will find the information they need to develop snap-fits more efficiently and avoid many common snap-fit problems.The third edition has been thoroughly revised to include new case histories and applications. The text has been extensively rewritten for clarity and user-friendliness and there are many new figures with expert explanations.With the purchase of this book, you also receive a free personal access code to download the eBook.

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Tooling, molding, secondary operations, material selection, evaluation and testing, design, project management, costing, value engineering, international supplier management and enhancement, and more: this book provides a broad insight from the author's over 40 years of experience in the plastics industry.Aimed at both technical and non-technical personnel involved with plastic product design and manufacturing, this book shows how having the big picture leads to effective solutions and high-quality products. Numerous case studies of product failures exemplify the key concepts.The reader will benefit from the author's unique depth and breadth of knowledge and experience as a team manager and hands-on contributor in all aspects of plastics, involving extremely robust, mission-critical products. Judicious attention to fundamental engineering principles is always at the foundation but “people issues” are also brought into focus from the author’s background as a long-time international trainer and Six Sigma expert.The book is therefore an essence of all the experience gained along the way: the good, the bad, and the ugly.This book is unique among the many other fine books available in this subject area in that it is the perspective of one who has been in the trenches—as opposed to an academician, scientist, or other professional from a field with narrower scope, such as material science, tooling, or manufacturing. Hence, the holistic approach.With the purchase of this book, you also receive a free personal access code to download the eBook.

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Many challenges confront the rubber technologist in the development, manufacture, and use of rubber products. These challenges include selecting and combining materials to form rubber compounds suitable for processing, successfully operating a range of manufacturing equipment, and meeting product performance in difficult and diverse environments. Case studies and literature references relate problem solutions to the everyday experience of the rubber technologist. From materials to processes to products, this book identifies many different rubber-related problems and suggests approaches to solve them.

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This unified approach to polymer materials science is divided in three major sections: Basic Principles - covering historical background, basic material properties, molecular structure, and thermal properties of polymers. Influence of Processing on Properties - tying processing and design by discussing rheology of polymer melts, mixing and processing, the development of anisotropy, and solidification processes. Engineering Design Properties - covering the different properties that need to be considered when designing a polymer component - from mechanical properties to failure mechanisms, electrical properties, acoustic properties, and permeability of polymers. A new chapter introducing polymers from a historical perspective not only makes the topic less dry, but also sheds light on the role polymers played, for better and worse, in shaping today's industrial world. The first edition was praised for the vast number of graphs and data that can be used as a reference. A new table in the appendix containing material property graphs for several polymers further strengthens this attribute. The most important change made to this edition is the introduction of real-world examples and a variety of problems at the end of each chapter.

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With 588 images and associated analyses for avoidance of damage to plastics, this manual is aimed at both professionals and students. Many technical terms and colloquial descriptions, explanations, and interconnections with related areas, together with the images, facilitate the reader in determining and describing the exact type of damage of a given sample. The images, from microscopic quality and damage analysis of molding materials, semi-finished products, and molded parts, are divided into 74 subject areas of plastics processing and application, and are classified based on over 2620 industry-standard technical terms. The analyses were performed with various light microscopes and a scanning electron microscope.

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The Mold-Making Handbook has proven to be an essential resource for the plastics engineer who handles the design and construction of tools for different processing methods, from injection molding and blow molding, to prototyping tools, including their computer-aided design.The present edition has been completely updated with new chapters including micro injection molds, molds for the rubber industry, and rapid prototyping. Separate sections describe the tool materials and various manufacturing and processing methods. Each chapter is self-contained; the proposed synergistic effect is achieved especially when the reader not only reads »his« chapter, but is willing to »look outside the box« of his own specialist field.This handbook is for both the reader who is looking for an introduction to a key area of plastics processing as well as the pronounced specialist to enable quick reading into related technical areas. Written by experts from the industry, the book captures the current state of the technique. The Mold-Making Handbook will prove extremely useful for engineers, designers, processors, technical salesmen, and students interested in all aspects of mold construction.

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The purpose of this book is to help increase the reader's knowledge of simulation, which will increase the ability to detect and avoid molding errors at an early stage. Readers should learn to draw the right conclusions from the simulation results and to develop their own solutions.

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For 30 years, Designing Plastic Parts for Assembly has been the definitive guide for both seasoned part designers and novices to the field, facilitating cost-effective design decisions and ensuring that the plastic parts and products will stand up under use.The detailed yet simplified discussion of material selection, manufacturing techniques, and assembly procedures enables the reader to evaluate plastic materials and design plastic parts with confidence. Good joint design and implementation, the geometry and nature of the component parts, the types of load involved, and other fundamental information necessary for a successful outcome are all included. Throughout, the treatment is practice-oriented and focused on everyday problems and situations.The 10th edition includes an extensive revision of the chapter on welding techniques for plastics, including a new subchapter on hot gas welding. There are also many more minor updates, improvements, and corrections throughout.

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Energy in Plastics Technology provides, unlike any other book, the necessary fundamentals for dealing with thermotechnical issues in the processing of plastics, leading to efficient, robust, reliable, economical, and environmentally friendly processes for high-quality products. The following four areas are addressed: - Methodical application of the essential fundamentals to practical problems. The focus is on the formulation of energy balances.- Special emphasis is placed on the understanding of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, with their manifold implications.- Access to key advanced technical literature, which can be highly theoretical, and forms the basis for advanced simulation methods, is provided.- Analytical approaches for modeling processes (as opposed to numerical simulation methods) are covered, so that the influence of the essential process parameters can be better recognized, and correct results in terms of order of magnitude are obtained with reasonable effort. These simplified considerations provide a valuable support for the preparation of experiments and numerical simulations and their critical evaluation. The fundamentals provided are applied - in exemplary calculation examples - to problems relevant to practice in the most important processing and forming methods. The book is aimed at engineers and students working in plastics technology as well as technicians and plastics technologists.

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Troubleshooting extrusion problems is one of the most challenging tasks in extrusion operations, requiring a good understanding of the extrusion process and the material properties, good instrumentation, good analysis tools, and a systematic and logical approach. This book addresses all issues crucial in extrusion troubleshooting. Additionally, it includes industrial case studies, richly illustrated with photographs and photomicrographs, used to provide exemplary approaches to efficient problem analysis and problem solving. The interconnectivity between the different relevant knowledge areas such as materials engineering, processing technology, and product development is emphasized.This revised third edition comprises a very significant update, with a great deal of new content, especially focusing on additional case studies as well as new sections on collection and interpretation of extrusion process data, rotational rheometry, the smartphone, how screw design can affect extruder performance, melt temperature variation, recent research on automatic optimization of extruder barrel temperatures, process signal analysis using Fast Fourier Transform, among other topics.

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