Description
Book SynopsisThe third edition of Environmental Science and Technology: Concepts and Applications is the first update since 2006. Designed for the student and the professional, this newly updated reference uses scientific laws, principles, models, and concepts to provide a basic foundation for understanding and evaluating the impact that chemicals and technology have on the environment. Building upon the success of previous editions, this fully revised edition has been expanded and completely updated with significant changes in the treatment of all subject areas. Extensive energy parameters have been added to the text along with a thorough discussion of non-renewable and renewable energy supplies and their potential impact on the environment. In addition, thought-provoking questions have been added at the end of each chapter. Finally, pictorial presentation has been enhanced by the addition of numerous photographs. Organization and Content: Environmental Science and Technology: Concepts and Applications is divided into five parts and twenty-five chapters, and organized to provide an even and logical flow of concepts. It provides the student with a clear and thoughtful picture of this complex field. Part I provides the foundation for the underlying theme of this book—the connections between environmental science and technology. Part II develops the air quality principles basic to an understanding of air quality. Part III focuses on water quality, and the characteristics of water and water bodies, water sciences, water pollution, and water/wastewater treatment. Part IV deals with soil science and emphasizes soil as a natural resource, highlighting the many interactions between soil and other components of the ecosystem. Part V is devoted to showing how decisions regarding handling solid and hazardous waste have or can have profound impact on the environment and the three media discussed in this text: air, water, and soil. Finally, the epilogue looks at the state of the environment, past, present, and future. The emphasis in this brief unit is on mitigating present and future environmental concerns by incorporating technology into the remediation process—not by blaming technology for the problem.
Table of ContentsContents Preface to the Third Edition Part I Introduction: Fundamentals 1 Environmental Science and Technology: The Connection Introduction What Is Environment Science? Terminology Science and Environmental Science Case Study 1.1: Salmon and the Rachel River Environmental Science and Technology: The Connection Case Study 1.2: Passenger Pigeons, Heath Hens, and Attwater’s Prairie Chicken Case Study 1.3: The Amish and Lancaster County, Pennsylvania When Properly Connected, Science and Technology Offer Solutions Case Study 1.4: Transnational Corporations and Environmental Pollution When Improperly Connected, Science and Technology Can Cause Harm Case Study 1.5: Like a Cooked Goose 2 Environment Science: The Fundamentals Introduction Biogeochemical Cycles Energy Flow through an Ecosystem and the Biosphere Units of Measurement 3 Environmental Chemistry Introduction What Is Chemistry? Elements and Compounds Classification of Elements Physical and Chemical Changes The Structure of the Atom Periodic Classification of the Elements Molecules and Ions Chemical Bonding Chemical Formulas and Equations Molecular Weights, Formulas, and the Mole Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter States of Matter The Gas Laws Liquids and Solutions Thermal Properties Organic Chemistry Environmental Chemistry: Environmental Media Summary of Chemical Properties of Water Earth’s Atmosphere: “A Flask without Walls” Summary of Chemical Properties of Air Soil Chemistry 4 Environmental Microbiology Introduction Microbiology The Cell Bacteria Viruses Fungi Algae Case Study 4.1: Airborne Particulate Matter Protozoa and Other Microogranisms Case Study 4.2: Activated Biosolids Process (Wastewater Treatment) Case Study 4.3: Brain-Eating Amoeba in Tap Water Environmental Factors Affecting Protozoan Population Enzymes Metabolic Transformations Bacterial Growth Pathogenicity Case Study 4.4: West Nile Virus 5 Environmental Toxicology Introduction Dose-Response Environmental Toxicology: Practical Applications Case Study 5.1: Biotic Index Environmental Endocrine Disrupters Case Study 5.2: DDT: Glory Days to Walking on Eggshells 6 Environmental Geology and Groundwater Hydrology Introduction What Is Geology? Formation and Types of Rocks Formation of Soil Case Study 6.1: Doing Dirt Soil Enhancement and Rebuilding Soil Characteristics Soil Profile Functions of Soils Groundwater Hydrology 7 Environmental Sampling and Analyses Introduction Environmental Sampling and Analysis: What’s It All About? General Considerations for a Sampling Program Case Study 7.1: Sydney, Australia General Evaluation Methods for Environmental Media 8 Technology and the Environment Introduction The Impact of Technology on Air Quality Case Study 8.1: Xenoestrogens and Estrogen Dominance Sources of Water Pollution Case Study 8.2: Persistent Pesticide Exposure Sources of Soil Pollution Case Study 8.3: When the Animas River Became a “Yellow Boy” Case Study 8.4: Composting Toilets: Beneficial Technology for Preserving Soil and Water Quality Alternative and Renewable Energy Technologies Part II Air Quality 9 The Atmosphere—Basic Air Quality Introduction The Atmosphere Case Study 9.1: Albedo Case Study 9.2: Blowing in the Wind . . . Microclimates The Seasons Urban Heat Islands 10 Meteorology Introduction Case Study 10.1: Shenk’s Ferry: A Microclimate in Action Meteorology: The Science of Weather Case Study 10.2: El Niño Thermal Inversions and Air Pollution Optical Phenomena 11 Atmospheric Pollutants Introduction Major Air Pollutants Case Study 11.1: Snowmobiling in Yellowstone National Park Case Study 11.2: Take a Deep Breath . . . and Hold It 12 Atmospheric Air Dispersion Introduction The Atmosphere and Meteorology Dispersion Models 13 Atmospheric Change—Global Climate Change Introduction Global Warming How Is Climate Change Measured? Case Study 13.1: The 411 on Global Climate Change Acid Precipitation Stratospheric Ozone Depletion 14 Air Pollution Control Technology Introduction Air Pollution Control: Choices Case Study 14.1: Cedar Creek Composting Air Pollution Control Equipment and Systems Removal of Dry Particulate Matter Removal of Gaseous Pollutants: Stationary Sources Removal of Gaseous Pollutants: Mobile Sources Part III Water Quality 15 Characteristics of Water Introduction Water Resources Case Study 15.1: Real and Artificial Wetlands Water Use Characteristics of Water 16 Characteristics of Freshwater Bodies Introduction Surface Water Lentic (Standing or Still) Water Systems Case Study 16.1: Eutrophication Lotic (Flowing) Water Systems Case Study 16.2: Why Do Rivers Flood? Groundwater 17 Water Pollution and Water Pollution Control Introduction Sick Water and PPCPs Case Study 17.1: Flint by Any Other Name Might Be Lead Point and Nonpoint Sources of Pollution Industrial Sources of Water Pollution Case Study 17.2: Woburn, Massachusetts Hazardous Waste Disposal Acid Mine Drainage Case Study 17.3: Acid Mine Drainage and the Berkeley Pit Agricultural Sources of Surface Water Pollution Case Study 17.4: The Lotka-Volterra Predator-Prey Principle Acid Rain Groundwater Pollution Water Pollution Control Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Federal Water Pollution Control Act Effect of Regulations on Preventing Water Pollution Case Study 17.5: When Government Intervened To Protect a Polluter Water Treatment Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Characteristics Thermal Pollution Treatment Pollution Control Technology: Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) Pollution Control Technology: Groundwater Remediation Part IV Soil Quality 18 Soil Characteristics Introduction Soil: What Is It? Soil Basics 19 Soil Pollution and Soil Pollution Control Introduction Surface Origins of Soil Contaminants Industrial Practices and Soil Contamination Case Study 19.1: Brownfields Soil Pollution Control USTs: The Problem Case Study 19.2: Roundaway Tanks Case Study 19.3: Human Error Risk Assessment Exposure Pathways Remediation of UST-Contaminated Soils Part V Solid and Hazardous Waste 20 Solid Wastes Introduction Solid Waste Regulatory History (United States) Solid Waste Characteristics Sources of Municipal Solid Wastes Case Study 20.1: Problem Wastes—Tire Disposal 21 Hazardous Wastes Introduction What Is a Hazardous Substance? A Hazardous Waste? Case Study 21.1: Spills of Hazardous Materials Again, What Is a Hazardous Substance? What Is a Hazardous Waste? Where Do Hazardous Wastes Come From? Why Are We Concerned about Hazardous Wastes? Hazardous Waste Legislation 22 Waste Control Technology Introduction Waste Minimization Recycling Treatment Technologies Ultimate Disposal Appendix: Energy Units and Math Operations Glossary About the Author
