A companion website at www.at
Table of Contents
Preface vii
Acknowledgements viii
List of abbreviations ix
Timeline x
About the companion website xi
Part 1 Early development 1
1 Embryology in medicine 2
2 Language of embryology 4
3 Introduction to development 6
4 Cell signalling genes 8
5 Embryonic and foetal periods 10
6 Mitosis 12
7 Meiosis 14
8 Spermatogenesis 16
9 Oogenesis 18
10 Fertilisation 20
11 From zygote to blastocyst 22
12 Implantation 24
13 Placenta 26
14 Gastrulation 28
15 Germ layers 30
16 Stem cells 32
17 Neurulation 34
18 Neural crest cells 36
19 Body cavities (embryonic) 38
20 Folding of the embryo 40
21 Segmentation 42
22 Somites 44
Part 2 Systems development 47
23 Skeletal system (ossification) 48
24 Skeletal system 50
25 Muscular system 52
26 Musculoskeletal system: limbs 54
27 Circulatory system: heart tube 56
28 Circulatory system: heart chambers 58
29 Circulatory system: blood vessels 60
30 Circulatory system: embryonic veins 62
31 Circulation system: changes at birth 64
32 Respiratory system 66
33 Digestive system: gastrointestinal tract 68
34 Digestive system: associated organs 70
35 Digestive system: congenital anomalies 72
36 Urinary system 74
37 Reproductive system: ducts and genitalia 76
38 Reproductive system: gonads 78
39 Endocrine system 80
40 Head and neck: arch I 82
41 Head and neck: arch II 84
42 Head and neck: arch III 86
43 Head and neck: arches IV–VI 88
44 Central nervous system 90
45 Peripheral nervous system 92
46 The ear 94
47 The eye 96
48 Antenatal screening 98
Self-assessment MCQs 100
Self-assessment MCQ answers 104
Self-assessment EMQs 105
Self-assessment EMQ answers 107
Glossary 108
Index 112
