Oxbow Books

Book SynopsisWestern Iberia has one of the richest inventories of Neolithic chambered tombs in Atlantic Europe, with particular concentrations in Galicia, northern Portugal and the Alentejo. Less well known is the major concentration of tombs along the Tagus valley, straddling the Portuguese-Spanish frontier. Within this cluster is the Anta da Lajinha, a small megalithic tomb in the hill-country north of the River Tagus. Badly damaged by forest fire and stone removal, it was the subject of joint British-Portuguese excavations in 2006-2008, accompanied by environmental investigations and OSL dating. This volume takes the recent excavations at Lajinha and the adjacent site of Cabeço dos Pendentes as the starting point for a broader consideration of the megalithic tombs of western Iberia. Key themes addressed are relevant to megalithic tombs more generally, including landscape, chronology, settlement and interregional relationships. Over what period of time were these tombs built and used? Do they form a horizon of intensive monument construction, or were the tombs the product of a persistent, long-lived tradition? How do they relate to the famous rock art of the Tagus valley, and to the cave burials and open-air settlements of the region, in terms of chronology and landscape? A final section considers the Iberian tombs within the broader family of west European megalithic monuments, focusing on chronologies, parallels and patterns of contact. Did the Iberian tombs emerge through connections with older established megalithic traditions in other regions such as Brittany, or whether they are the outcome of more general processes operating among Atlantic Neolithic societies?Trade ReviewThis is a meaty volume […] an important source of both evidence and synthesis of the megalithic monuments of western Iberia in their local, regional and international contexts. * Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society *Table of ContentsList of figures List of tables Contributors Acknowledgements 1. The megalithic chambered tombs of western Iberia Chris Scarre 2. Excavations at the Anta da Lajinha 2006–2008 Chris Scarre and Luiz Oosterbeek Appendix 2.A: Petrological identification of the slabs used at the Anta da Lajinha Vera Moleiro, Sara Cura, Artur A. Sá and Luiz Oosterbeek Appendix 2.B: Luminescence dating at the Anta da Lajinha Chris Burbidge, Guilherme Cardoso, Isabel Dias, Luiz Oosterbeek, Isabel Prudêncio and Chris Scarre Appendix 2.C: Stratigraphic characterisation and sedimentological analysis at the Anta da Lajinha Pedro P. Cunha, Hugo Gomes, Luiz Oosterbeek and Pierluigi Rosina Appendix 2.D: The ceramic assemblage from the Anta da Lajinha César Neves Appendix 2.E: The lithic assemblage from the Anta da Lajinha Joana Carrondo 3. The regional context Chris Scarre and Elías López-Romero 3.1. The megalithic tombs of Proença-a-Nova João Caninas, Francisco Henriques, Mário Monteiro, Paulo Félix, Carlos Neto de Carvalho, Fernando Robles Henriques, Emanuel Carvalho, Pedro Baptista, André Pereira and Cátia Mendes 3.2. Contemporary non-megalithic interments Nelson J. Almeida, Luís Costa and Luiz Oosterbeek 3.3. Later prehistoric funerary practices in the Nabão valley: the Rego da Murta Megalithic Complex Alexandra Figueiredo 4. Palaeoenvironmental investigations around the Anta da Lajinha and the broader regional context Charles French, William Fletcher, Marco Madella, Cristiana Ferreira, Nelson J. Almeida, Pierluigi Rosina and Chris Scarre Appendix 4.1: The trench profile descriptions Appendix 4.2: The detailed soil micromorphological descriptions Appendix 4.3: Calibration curves for the Anta da Lajinha West Trench radiocarbon dates 5. The Tagus Valley Rock Art Sara Garcês and Luiz Oosterbeek 6. Megalithic tombs in Atlantic Iberia Chris Scarre 7. The Anta da Lajinha in its international context Chris Scarre Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisWinner of the 2023 European Association of Archaeology Book of the Year AwardIn prehistoric societies children comprised 40-65% of the population, yet by default, our ancestral landscapes are peopled by adults who hunt, gather, fish, knap tools and make art. But these adults were also parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles who had to make space physically, emotionally, intellectually and cognitively for the infants, children and adolescents around them. Growing Up in the Ice Age is a timely and evidence-based look at the lived lives of Paleolithic children and the communities of which they were a part. By rendering these 'invisible' children visible, readers will gain a new understanding of the Paleolithic period as a whole, and in doing so will learn how children have contributed to the biological and cultural entities we are today.Trade ReviewApril Nowell’s illuminating and engaging book … is important for students and professionals in physical and behavioral an­thropology because it fills a gap in helping us understand the fundamental role children played, literally and figura­tively, in our hominin past. * Journal of Paleoanthropology *A timely summary of the state-of-the art regarding Pleistocene youngsters, their lives, deaths and material worlds … This perspective on children as agents of change and innovation is valid and important beyond the Pleistocene. * Childhood in the Past *This is a must-read for those interested in childhood in the past, and for those seeking a rare humanistic volume on human evolution and Palaeolithic archaeology. * Current World Archaeology *This is data-driven, intellectually weighty, wide-ranging and erudite, lively, and packed full of ideas …. it goes much further than most books on human origins to humanise the Palaeolithic world, and the result is one of the best evocations of the Palaeolithic world I have read ... It should certainly be required reading for Palaeolithic and prehistoric specialists; and academics in the life sciences and social sciences and interested lay readers will find it of great value. * Professor of Palaeolithic Archaeology, Durham University *Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Foreword by Jane Baxter 1. Toward an archaeology of Paleolithic children 2. Birth and the Paleolithic ‘family’ 3. Toys, burials and secret spaces 4. Stone tools, skill acquisition and learning a craft 5. Children, oral storytelling and the Paleolithic ‘arts’ 6. Adolescence in the Ice Age 7. Paleolithic children as drivers of human evolution Appendix 1. Chronology of the Paleolithic and timeline of fossil hominins Appendix 2. Table of subadult fossils in the Plio-Pleistocene (perinatal–ca. 10 years) Appendix 3. Table of subadult fossils from the Plio-Pleistocene (ca. 10 years–20 years). Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisOne of the principal characteristics of the European Neolithic is the development of monumentality in association with innovations in material culture and changes in subsistence from hunting and gathering to farming and pastoralism. The papers in this volume discuss the latest insights into why monumental architecture became an integral part of early farming societies in Europe and beyond. One of the topics is how we define monuments and how our arguments and recent research on temporality impacts on our interpretation of the Neolithic period. Different interpretations of Göbekli Tepe are examples of this discussion as well as our understanding of special landmarks such as flint mines.The latest evidence on the economic and paleoenvironmental context, carbon 14 dates as well as analytical methods are employed in illuminating the emergence of monumentalism in Neolithic Europe. Studies are taking place on a macro and micro scale in areas as diverse as Great Britain, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Germany, the Dutch wetlands, Portugal and Malta involving a range of monuments from long barrows and megalithic tombs to roundels and enclosures. Transformation from a natural to a built environment by monumentalizing part of the landscape is discussed as well as changes in megalithic architecture in relation to shifts in the social structure. An ethnographic study of megaliths in Nagaland discuss monument building as an act of social construction. Other studies look into the role of monuments as expressions of cosmology and active loci of ceremonial performances. Also, a couple of papers analyse the social processes in the transformation of society in the aftermath of the initial boom in monument construction and the related changes in subsistence and social structure in northern Europe.The aim of the publication is to explore different theories about the relationship between monumentality and the Neolithic way of life through these studies encompassing a wide range of types of monuments over vast areas of Europe and beyond.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Gebauer, A. B., Sørensen, L., Teather, A. & A. C. Valera. List of contributors. List of content. Thoughts on Monumentalism Chapter. 1. Teather, A. Neolithic monumentality for the 21st Century. Origin of Monumentalism Chapter. 2. Watkins, T. Monumentality in Neolithic Southwest Asia: making memory in time and space Chapter. 3. Kinzel, M. and Clare, L. Monumental compared to what? A Perspective from Göbekli Tepe Chapter. 4. Hodder, I. From communal to segmentary: an alternative view of Neolithic ‘monuments’ in the Middle East. Comments on chapter 2 and 3 Chapter. 5. Jeunesse, Chr. Elite houses or specialised buildings? Some comments about the special buildings of Göbekli Tepe in relation to chapter 2 and 3 Chapter. 6. Response to comments by Ian Hodder and Christian Jeunesse by Trevor Watkins Chapter. 7. Response to comments by Ian Hodder and Christian Jeunesse by Lee Clare and Moriz Kinzel with notes on a potential Upper Mesopotamian “Late PPNA Hunter-Crisis” Monuments and social change Chapter. 8. Sørensen, L. Monuments and social stratification within the early Funnel Beaker Culture in South Scandinavia . Chapter. 9. Behrens, A. Do Hundreds of megalithic monuments signify a full Neolithic way of life? The establishment of Neolithic societies on Rügen Island, Germany Chapter. 10. Brozio, J. P. From hierarchies in balance to social imbalance - transformation processes in the later Funnel Beaker north societies in the western Baltic Sea region (3100-2900 BCE) Chapter. 11. Müller, J., J. P. Brozio, W. Dörfler and W. Kirleis Narratives of third millennium transformations: new biographies of Neolithic societies, landscapes and monuments Chapter. 12. Nobles, G. Settling the Monumental Issue in the Dutch Wetlands Chapter. 13. Wunderlich, M. Celebrating stones – Megalith building traditions among Angami-Naga, Northeast-India Chapter. 14. Wadskjær, A.V. & G. Hjortlund Megalithic structures and settlements in the Valley of Posic, Amazonas, Northern Peru Funerary monuments Chapter. 15. Larsson, L. Stones as Boundaries – Stones as Markers. A megalithic tomb in Southern Portugal Chapter. 16. Pospieszny, Ł., M. Jakubczak and G. Kiarszys Putting earthen long barrows back on map. Remarks about the Middle Neolithic monumentality of northern Poland Chapter. 17. Papiernik, P., R. Brzejszczak, D. Kacper Płaza, J. Wicha, and P. Wronecki In the search of the lost heritage. Non-invasive exploration of the monumental Funnel Beaker culture long barrows in the area of Wietrzychowice in central Poland Chapter. 18. Sheridan, A. and R. Schulting Making sense of Scottish Neolithic funerary monuments: tracing trajectories and understanding their rationale Chapter. 19. Gebauer, A. B. Group benefits? The story of a cluster of megalithic monuments in Danish Funnel Beaker society Enclosures and Landscapes Chapter. 20. Parkinson, E., S. Stoddart, C. Malone, C. Brogan and R. McLaughlin Storied Structures, Sustainability and Resilience in late Neolithic Malta: Excavations at the Santa Verna, Gozo Chapter. 21. Valera, A. C. Ephemeral and Cosmological Monumentality: the ‘strange’ ditched enclosures of Chalcolithic South Portugal Chapter. 22. Sanches, M. J. and A. M. Vale Connecting stories of the Neolithic in North-Eastern Portugal. Walled enclosures and their relationships with the genealogy of the landscape. Chapter. 23. Czerniak, L., A. Matuszewska, M. Dziewanowski, L. Pospieszny, M. Jakubczak and M. Szubski The Neolithic roundel and its social context on the furthest reaches of the Danubian World. Chapter. 24. Andersson, M. and M. Artursson, The living and the dead – the Early Neolithic monumental landscape of southwestern Scania, southern Sweden. Conclusion: Chapter. 25. Thomas, J. The Lives of Monuments and Monumentalising Life

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe intense bonds among the king and his family, friends, lovers, and entourage are the most enticing and intriguing aspects of Alexander the Great’s life. The affective ties of the protagonists of Alexander’s Empire nurtured the interest of the ancient authors, as well as the audience, in the personal life of the most famous men and women of the time. These relations echoed through time in art and literature, to become paradigm of positive or negative, human behavior.By rejecting the perception of the Macedonian monarchy as a positivist king-army based system, and by looking for other political and social structures Elizabeth Carney has played a crucial role in prompting the current re-appraisal of the Macedonian monarchy. Her volumes on Women and Monarchy in Ancient Macedonia (University of Oklahoma Press, 2000), Olympias: Mother of Alexander the Great (Routledge, 2006), Arsinoë of Egypt and Macedon: A Royal Life. (Oxford University Press, 2013) have been game-changers in the field and has offered the academic world a completely new perspective on the network of relationships surrounding the exercise of power. By examining Macedonian and Hellenistic dynastic behavior and relations, she has shown the political yet tragic, heroic thus human side, thus connecting Hellenistic political and social history.Building on the methodological approach and theoretical framework engendered by Elizabeth Carney’s research, this book explores the complex web of personal relations, inside and outside the oikos (family), governing Alexander’s world, which sits at the core of the inquiry into the human side of the events shedding light light on the personal dimension of history. Inspired by Carney’s seminal work on Ancient Macedonia, the volume moves beyond the traditionally rationalist and positivist approaches towards Hellenistic antiquity, into a new area of humanistic scholarship, by considering the dynastic bloodlines as well as the affective relations. The volume offers a discussion of the intra and extra familial network ruling the Mediterranean world at the time of Philip and Alexander. Building on present scholarship on relations and values in Hellenistic Monarchies, the book contributes to a deeper historical understanding of the mutual dialogue between the socio-cultural and political approaches to Hellenistic history.Table of ContentsIntroduction, Ed Anson Part I The Restricted Oikos I.1. Familial affection 1. Sheila Ager (University of Waterloo): Mothers and Daughters in the Early Hellenistic Dynasties. 2. Monica D’Agostini (Università Cattolica di Milano): Alexander’s brothers and sisters. Blood in the Hellenistic Palace. 3. Sulochana Asirvatham (Montclair State University): Rethinking Alexander’s Wet- Nurse. I.2. Animals 4. Elizabeth Baynham (University of Newcastle): Animals and the Macedonian Court. 5. Daniel Ogden (University of Exeter): The theft of Bucephalas. I.3. Friendship and Mentorship within the Oikos 6. Joseph Roisman (Colby College): Alexander's Friendships: A Proposal 7. William Greenwalt (Santa Clara University): Callisthenes the Prig 8. Frances Pownall (University of Alberta): Sophists and Flatterers: Greek Intellectuals at Alexander’s Court Synthetic Remarks on the Restricted Oikos, Frances Pownall Part II The Extended Oikos II.1. Friendship beyond the Oikos 9. Tim Howe (St. Olaf College): Friendship is Golden: Harpalos, Athens and Alexander’s ‘Persian’ Relationships 10. Pat Wheatley (University of Otago): Demetrius and Mithridates Ctistes 11. Edward Anson (University of Arkansas at Little Rock): The Father of the Army: Alexander and the Epigoni 12. Olga Palagia (National & Kapodistrian University of Athens): Alexander and the Athenians: Deification and Portraiture II.2. Marriages 13. Waldemar Heckel (Centre for Military and Strategic Studies, University of Calgary): Women in Justin 14. Sabine Müller (Philipps University Marburg): Barsine, Antigona, and the Macedonian war 15. Guiseppe Squillace (University of Calabria): Marriages and politics: Dionysius I of Syracuse model of Philip II of Macedon? 16. Franca Landucci (Università Cattolica di Milano): Antipater and His Family: A Case Study Synthetic Remarks on the Extended Oikos, Monica D’Agostini Conclusions, Editors Genealogy & Maps

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis new collection of papers from leading experts provides an overview of cutting-edge research in Old World zooarchaeology. The research presented here spans various areas across Europe, Western Asia and North Africa – from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. Several chapters focus on Iberia, but the eastern Mediterranean and Britain are also featured.Thematically, the book covers many of the research areas where zooarchaeology can provide a significant contribution. These include animal domestication, bone modifications, fishing, fowling, economic and social status, as well as adaptation and improvement. The investigation of these topics is carried out using a diversity of approaches, thus making the book also a useful compendium of traditional as well as more recently developed methodological applications. All contributions aim to present zooarchaeology as a discipline that studies animals to understand people, and their richly diversified past histories. This will be a valuable source of information not just for specialists, but also for general archaeologists and, potentially, also historians, palaeontologists and geographers, who have an interest for the research themes discussed in the book.The book is dedicated to Simon Davis, who has been a genuine pioneer in the development of modern zooarchaeology. It presents hugely stimulating case studies from the core areas where Davis has worked in the course of his career.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION From the Mediterranean to the Atlantic: Simon Davis’ exceptional contribution to the world of zooarchaeology (Umberto Albarella) METHODS AND THEORY IN THE ZOOARCHAEOLOGY OF THE OLD WORLD 2. Taphonomy of carnivores: Understanding archaeological small prey accumulations (Luis Lloveras) 3. Fish Bone studies in Iberia: An overview of 40 years of research (Arturo Morales Muñiz, Laura Llorente Rodríguez & Eufrasia Roselló Izquierdo 4. On the use of micromammals for paleoenvironmental reconstruction: Qesem Cave as a case study (Orr Comay & Tamar Dayan) 5. Traditional sheep and goat husbandry in Cyprus: the effects of scale and its identification in archaeological assemblages (Angelos Hadjikoumis) EARLY PREHISTORY 6. Among hyenas: Nery Delgado, Albert Gaudry, Edouard Harlé and the hyenas of Furninha cave (Portugal) (João Luís Cardoso) 7. Sheepish bones, sheepish dates, sheepish logic and the neolithization of Iberia (João Zilhão) LATE PREHISTORY 8. Astragali and their archaeological contexts in the Iberian Peninsula. Significance, meanings and historical implications (Ana Margarida Arruda) 9. Origins of metallurgy in the southern Levant: microscopic examination of butchering marks on animal bones at Tell Yarmuth, Israel (Haskel Greenfield, Annie Brown & Pierre de Miroschedji) 10. The food chain at the palace of King Amenhotep III at Malqata (Egypt) (Salima Ikram) 11. Caprine husbandry at the Iron Age settlement of A Lanzada (Pontevedra, Spain) (Marta Moreno-García) HISTORIC TIMES 12. Cattle from the East, cattle from the West: diversity of cattle morphotypes in the Iberian Peninsula during late prehistoric and Roman times (Ariadna Nieto-Espinet, Angela Trentacoste, Sílvia Guimarães & Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas) 13. Animal remains from 17th century Carnide, Lisbon, Portugal (Cleia Detry, Ana Beatriz Santos, Tânia Casimiro, Ana Caessa & Nuno Mota) 14. The contribution of Islamic culture to the medieval faunistic redefinition of the Iberian Peninsula (Marco Masseti) 15. Hovering over hawking in Early Medieval Iberia (Laura Llorente Rodríguez, Arturo Morales Muñiz, Leif Jonsson & Evelyne Browaeys) 16. Launceston Castle and Cornish zooarchaeology 25 years on (Polydora Baker) 17. Fodder in the city: rye for animals in the 1755 earthquake in Lisbon (João Tereso & Lídia Fernandes)

Read more less

Book SynopsisWith the decline in popularity of the term “Romanization” as a way of analyzing the changes in the archaeological record visible throughout the conquered provinces of the Roman Empire, scholars have increasingly turned to the important concept of “identity” to understand the experiences of local peoples living under Roman rule. Studies of identity in the Roman Empire have thus emphasized how local peoples, rather than simply passively copying Roman culture, actively created and recreated complex and multi-faceted identities that incorporated local traditions within the increasingly connected and “globalized” world of the empire. How did the violent nature of Roman rule in the provinces impact local communities and the ways in which individuals interacted with one another? This book provides a detailed study of the ways in which the Celtic-speaking peoples of the ancient settlement of Lattara in Roman Mediterranean Gaul fashioned their lives under two centuries of Roman rule,and in particular the ways in which the creation of these lived experiences wasentangled in the larger processes of Roman colonialism.The important archaeological settlement and port of Lattara (located today in modern Lattes in Mediterranean France), was occupied from ca 500 BCE to 200 CE, and has been the focus of extensive excavations by international teams of archaeologists for over 35 years. The author seeks to understand the ways in which the daily lives of the inhabitants of Lattara were shaped and constrained by the particular historical circumstances of Roman rule, involving the violent conquest of the province between 125-121 BCE, the pacification of numerous revolts in the in the first half of the first century BCE, and the imposition of an oppressive system of taxation, land redistribution, and grain levies.Through a detailed analysis of the large corpus of archaeological evidence dating from ca. 200 BCE to 200 CE at Lattara, the author argues that the violent establishment of Roman rule in Mediterranean Gaul engendered very different forms of social relationships and interactions that structured the community during the late first century BCE and onward. This involved a new organization of domestic space and living arrangements, new relationships structuring the production and exchange of material goods, different relationships between the community and the wider spiritual world, and new strategies for acquiring political influence and power, based upon the increasing importance of material wealth. All of this occurred by the very end of the first century BCE despite the continued persistence of many aspects of local identity, particularly evident in religious practices. Furthermore, these new social relationships were arguably paramount in the daily practices of reproducing Roman rule at Lattara, and in the larger province of Mediterranean Gaul more generally; practices that were in particular rooted in an ever-increasing socio-economic hierarchy.Trade ReviewThis book is an instrumental reference for anthropologists, archaeologists, and historians, and is essential to fill the gap in the scholarship on ancient uses of colonialism. * Rhea Classical Journal *Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction: Structure, Agency, and Power in Roman Mediterranean Gaul Chapter 2: “They Make a Desolation and Call it Peace”: Roman Rule in Mediterranean Gaul Chapter 3: Living Together, Living Apart: The Creation of New Domestic Relations Chapter 4: From the Home to the Villa: A New Mode of Production Chapter 5: Turning People into Things: The Rise of Coinage and a Money Economy at Lattara Chapter 6: Community and Cosmology at Lattara: Continuity and Entanglement in Religious Practices Chapter 7: Feasting, Power, and Money: Transformations in Political Life at Lattara Epilogue: After Lattara

Read more less

Book SynopsisClothing was an essential part of material culture in ancient societies both as a form of body protection and as house equipment. Besides a practical function, textiles played a crucial role in communicating various aspects of social and personal identity.Based largely on the analysis of textile tools, this book is intended to be the first systematic attempt at reconstructing textile culture in ancient Sicily. Textile implements represent the most abundant category of evidence for textile activity in Sicily and in this book they are used as a means to explore the social dynamics within cultural interactions in the final Bronze–Iron Age and Archaic Sicily.The book begins with an overview of the cultural complexity of communities in Sicily and the Aeolian islands, focusing on two crucial periods of Sicilian history, which are characterised by intense movements of peoples from the Italian peninsula and the establishment of Greek and Phoenician settlements. Through the investigation of textile tools, the book discusses several key aspects, including technological features of textile technology and production, knowledge transfer, networks of weavers, as well as the social significance of textile activity.By employing an interdisciplinary perspective, this book is important not only for textile specialists but also for scholars and students dealing with culturally hybrid frameworks of ancient Sicily and provides a springboard for future studies on textile culture and cultural interactions in the ancient world.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations List of Maps List of Tables Abbreviations Introductory Framework Geographical, Chronological and Cultural framework Textile activity in Sicily: Sources and Evidence Textile tools in domestic and workshop contexts Textile tools in votive and sacred contexts Technology and production Tracing textile culture of Sicily Annex A: Analysis of textile tools in Sicily: the case studies Annex B: Analysis of textile tools from the Late-Final Bronze Age settlements at Lipari Annex C: Analysis of loom weights from the so-called Bothros of Aeolus- Lipari Annex D: Analysis of textile tools from Metapiccola (Lentini) Annex E: Analysis of textile tools from the FB-IA Cittadella hill (Morgantina) Annex F: Analysis of textile tools from the Archaic Cittadella hill (Morgantina) Annex G: Analysis of textile tools from the FB-IA settlement of Sabucina Annex H: Analysis of textile tools from the Archaic settlement of Sabucina Annex I: Analysis of textile tools from Himera Annex J: Analysis of textile tools from Monte Maranfusa Annex K: Analysis of textile tools from Monte Polizo Afterword Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisWinchester’s identity as a royal centre became well established between the ninth and twelfth centuries, closely tied to the significance of the religious communities who lived within and without the city walls. The reach of power of Winchester was felt throughout England and into the Continent through the relationships of the bishops, the power fluctuations of the Norman period, the pursuit of arts and history writing, the reach of the city’s saints, and more. The essays contained in this volume present early medieval Winchester not as a city alone, but a city emmeshed in wider political, social, and cultural movements and, in many cases, providing examples of authority and power that are representative of early medieval England as a whole.Trade Review[T]his volume is a stimulating and insightful collection. * Medieval Archaeology *Table of ContentsEditors' Preface List of Contributors List of Illustrations 1. Communities, Authority and Power in Winchester, c. 800–c. 1200 Katherine Weikert, Ryan Lavelle, and Simon Roffey 2. Capital Considerations: Winchester and the Birth of Urban Archaeology Martin Biddle 3. The King’s Stone: Peace, Power and the Highway in Early Medieval Winchester Alexander James Langlands 4. Royal Burial in Winchester: Context and Significance Barbara Yorke 5. Constructing Early Medieval Winchester: Historical Narratives and the Compilation of British Library Cotton Otho B.XI Sharon M. Rowley 6. Winchester, Æthelings and Clitones: The Political Significance of the City for Anglo-Saxon Royalty and Norman Nobility David McDermott 7. The Execution of Earl Waltheof: Public Space and Royal Authority at the Edge of Eleventh-Century Winchester Ryan Lavelle 8. Queen, the Countess and the Conflict: Winchester 1141 Katherine Weikert 9. Lantfred and Local Life at Winchester in the 960s and 970s Mark Atherton 10. Wælcyrian in the Water Meadows: Lantfred’s Furies Eric Lacey 11. SK27, Or A Winchester Pilgrim’s Tale Simon Roffey 12. The Early Jewish Community in Twelfth-Century Winchester: An Interdisciplinary View Toni Griffiths 13. Henry of Blois and an Archbishopric of Winchester: Medieval Rationale and Anglo-Saxon Sources Alexander R. Rumble 14. Swithun in the North: A Winchester Saint in Norway Karl Christian Alvestad

Read more less

Book SynopsisPresents a thematic collection of papers dealing with the Stone Age and Bronze Age archaeology of the Ionian Sea, situated off the south western Balkan peninsula. It is based on an international conference held in Athens, Greece in January 2020.The eastern Ionian occupies a geographically complex area, which since the Pleistocene has undergone significant alterations due to tectonic activity and sea-level fluctuations. This dynamic environment, where islands, mainland, and sea intertwined to present different landscapes and seascapes to the human communities exploring the region at different times in the past, provides an ideal setting for their study from a diachronic perspective.This book deals thematically with the processes of circulation of people, materials, artefacts and ideas by examining patterns of settlement, burial and multi-layered interconnections between the different communities via land and sea. It investigates aspects of regional and interregional communication, isolation, collective memory and the creation of distinct identities within and between different cultural and social groups. It focuses on the islands of the Central Ionian Sea, offering new data from excavations and surveys on Zakynthos, Kefalonia, Ithaki and the smaller islands of the Inner Ionian Archipelago between Lefkada and Akarnania. The cultural interchange between the islands and the continental coasts is reflected in the volume with the addition of chapters dealing with contemporary sites in west Greece and southeast Italy.The Ionian, often regarded as 'at the fringes' of the Aegean, the Balkan and the central Mediterranean archaeological discourse, has lately offered new and exciting data that not only enrich but also alter our perceptions of mobility, settlement and interaction. The collection of papers in this book enhances theoretical discussions by offering a geographically and culturally comparative approach, ranging from the earliest Palaeolithic evidence of human presence in the region to the end of the Bronze Age.Table of ContentsContributors Preface Introduction Part A. Island Archaeology Comparative perspectives in ‘island archaeology’: a view from the Ionian Sea Helen Dawson Part B. Prehistory 1. Lithics as diachronic proxies for the circulation of people and ideas in the dynamic Ionian landscape Christina Papoulia 2. Prehistoric settlement in the Inner Ionian Sea Archipelago and its Ionian island connections Nena Galanidou, Maria Gatsi, Olympia Vikatou, Antonis Vasilakis, Catherine Morgan, Jeannette Forsén, Vivian Staikou, Christina Papoulia and Panagiotis Zervoudakis 3. Palaeolithic chipped stone industries from Zakynthos, Ionian islands, Greece. Interpreting the new evidence within the western Greek and Adriatic context Stefanos Ligkovanlis and Georgia Kourtessi-Philippakis 4. Beyond the horizon. Stone artefacts and social networks in Late Neolithic Drakaina Cave, Kefalonia island, western Greece Georgia Stratouli, Tasos Bekiaris and Vasilios Melfos 5. Evidence of settlements on Kefalonia during the Final Neolithic and the Early Helladic period Andreas Sotiriou 6. The communal ceramic traditions of prehistoric Ithaca Areti Pentedeka, Catherine Morgan and Andreas Sotiriou 7. The Early and Middle Bronze Age in the Ionian Sea. New evidence from Zakynthos Gert Jan Van Wijngaarden, Ayla Krijnen, Nienke Pieters and Corien Wiersma 8. Aitoloakarnania and the Ionian Sea in the Εarly Bronze Age: a history of interaction Venediktos Lanaras Part C. The Late Bronze Age 9. Islands in the stream: a maritime perspective of the south-central Ionian islands in the Late Bronze Age Christina Souyoudzoglou-Haywood 10. The palaeo-geographic development of Livadi Marsh, Paliki: implications for the detection of an ancient harbour and anthropogenic settlement Peter Styles, George Apostolopoulos, John R. Underhill, John Crawshaw, Olympia Vikatou and Eleni Papafloratou 11. The Archaeological Shoreline Research Project on the cultural semantics of coasts: the promontory of Kapros, southeast Kefalonia, in the Bronze Age Evyenia Yiannouli 12. Diverging trajectories within the west Mycenaean koine: the evidence from Kefalonia Odysseas Metaxas 13. Migrants, refugees and social restructuring in Late Helladic Kefalonia Ioannis Voskos 14. The nature of warfare in western Greece and the Ionian islands during the Late Bronze Age Thanasis J. Papadopoulos 15. The Ionian-Adriatic interface as a landscape of mobility Francesco Iacono and Riccardo Guglielmino Appendix: Continuity in the material culture of Kefalonia: from the Late Bronze Age to the historical period in Drakaina cave by Agathi Karadima

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the introduction of Neolithic extraction practices across Europe through to the Atlantic periphery of Britain and Ireland. The key research questions are when and why were these practices adopted and what role did extraction sites play in Neolithic society.Neolithic mines and quarries have frequently been seen as fulfilling roles linked to the expansion of the Neolithic economy. However, this ignores the fact that many communities chose to selectively dig for certain types of stone in preference to others and why the products from these sites were generally deposited in special places such as wetlands. To address this question, 168 near-global ethnographic studies were analysed to identify common trends in traditional extraction practises to produce robust statistics about their motivations and material signatures. Repeated associations emerged between storied locations, the organisation of extraction practices, long-distance distribution of products, and the material evidence such activities left behind. This suggests that we can now probably identify mythologised/storied sites, seasonality, ritualised extraction, and the use-life of extraction site products.The ethnographic model was tested against data from 223 near-global archaeological extraction sites, which confirmed a similar patterning in both material records. It was used to analyse the social context of 79 Neolithic flint mine and 51 axe quarry excavations in Britain and Ireland and to review their European origins. The evidence that emerges confirms the pivotal role played by Neolithic extraction practices in European Neolithisation and that the interaction of indigenous foragers with migrant miners/farmers was fundamental to the adoption of the new agropastoral lifestyle.Table of ContentsList of figures and tables Author details Abstract French language abstract German language abstract Spanish language abstract Acknowledgements Foreword, by John Kelly 1. Setting the scene: the Mesolithic prelude and first contact Neolithic 2. The ethnography of lithic extraction 3. Ethnographic snapshots of traditional extraction practices 4. The archaeology of lithic extraction 5. An ethnoarchaeological analysis of Neolithic extraction sites in Britain and Ireland 6. The products: an ethnoarchaeological analysis of lithic objects from extraction sites 7. Neolithic extraction: a pan-European phenomenon 8. Neolithic stone extraction in Britain and Europe Bibliography Appendix: References to excavation reports and archives, listed alphabetically by site Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume summarizes 30 years of fieldwork in Denmark, some of the evidence for the spread of agriculture and the Neolithic into Scandinavia and some opinions about the origins of agriculture. It is intended to be both academic and personal and to describe the actual process of research, because most projects involve elements of both. Each chapter will deal with one of the components of the project – survey, testing and excavations. Eight sites were excavated from the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic and these are discussed in this volume. The concluding chapter summarizes research in the area and proffers opinions on a variety of archaeological subjects, with visits to climate change, seasonality and sedentism, hunter-gatherer complexity, aDNA, inequality and the origins and spread of agriculture.Table of ContentsPreface 1. An Introduction – Setting the Table 2. Field Survey 3. Site Testing 4. Smakkerup Huse 5. Trustrup 6. Dragsholm and Bøgebjerg 7. Fårevejle 8. Asnæs Havnemark 9. Conclusions References

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book explores the role of material culture in the formation of corporeal aesthetics and beauty ideals in different past societies and thus contributes to the cultural relativization of bodily aesthetics and related gender norms. The volume does not explore beauty for the sake of beauty, but extensively explores how it serves to form and keep gender norms in place. The concept of beauty has been a topic of interest for some time, yet it is only in recent times that archaeologists have begun to approach beauty as a culturally contingent and socially constructed phenomenon. Although archaeologists and ancient historians extensively dealt with gender, they dealt less with it in relation to beauty. The contributions in this volume deal with different intersections of gender and corporeal aesthetics by turning to rich archaeological, textual and iconographic data from ancient Sumer, Aegean Bronze Age, ancient Egypt, ancient Athens, Roman provinces, the Viking world and the Qajar Iran. Beauty thus moves away from a curiosity and surface of the body to an analytic concept for a better understanding of past and present societies.Trade ReviewThe volume is well-illustrated and images are both high quality and relevant to the discussions. Archaeological data, for example the list of tools studied by Zumkley, is presented clearly and thoroughly. * Archaeological Review from Cambridge *Table of ContentsContributors Preface 1. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: an introduction to gender and corporeal aesthetics in the past Uroš Matić 2. The Queen’s beauty: leadership as an aesthetic and embodied practice in ancient Mesopotamia Helga Vogel 3. Beauty treatments and gender in Pharaonic Egypt: masculinities and femininities in public and private spaces Uroš Matić 4. An unknown ancient Egyptian tool (for wig maintenance?) Kira Zumkley 5. Fresco, fresco on the wall... changes in ideals of beauty in the Late Bronze Age Aegean Filip Franković 6. Gender, perfume and society in ancient Athens Isabelle Algrain 7. Mirrors in the funerary contexts of Moesia Superior: Roman hegemony, beauty and gender Vladimir D. Mihajlović 8. Looking for trouble: beautiful bodies in Viking Age Scandinavia, c. 750 to 1050 AD Bo Jensen 9. From moon-faced amrads to farangi-looking women: beauty transformations from the 19th to early 20th century in Iran Mariam Dezamkhooy 10. Afterword: a deep time perspective on bodily beauty Katharina Rebay-Salisbury

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Henry VII and Elizabeth of York marriage bed, rediscovered in 2010, is an exceptional piece of late medieval English royal furniture: no other equivalent example of secular domestic furniture is known to have survived, and, indeed, precious little woodwork from this period remains outside of ecclesiastical settings. As a tour-de-force of medieval royal woodwork, the bed offers an unprecedented insight into elite domestic furniture from this period. Since its rediscovery, the bed has been subjected to a wide array of investigation by furniture specialists, medieval historians, design historians and scientists. Emerging from a decade-long multidisciplinary research project, this book is the first sustained account of the bed: it shows how numerous disciplines covering the arts and conservation sciences can be brought together to assess and interpret such rare historic survivals.Broken down into thematic chapters, the book explores the bed’s form and structure, context, iconography, wood, paint, physical history, provenance – including its curious reproduction by George Shaw in Victorian England – and relationship with known surviving Tudor furniture, as well as Georgian and Victorian Gothic Revival beds. Although thought to be a 19th-century fake, this book presents historical, archival and scientific evidence to show, beyond doubt, the bed’s late medieval age.Whilst grounded upon research presented at a 2019 conference funded by the Institute of Conservation and held at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, the book incorporates additional historical and scientific discoveries made since the conference. Written by a range of scientists, historians and specialist researchers, this volume is a multi-disciplinary work of immeasurable value to readers from numerous disciplines.Table of ContentsContributors Acknowledgements Foreword by Elizabeth Norton 1. Introduction Peter N. Lindfield 2. Discovery and Conservation Ian Coulson 3. Historical Context, Commissioning, and Provenance Peter N. Lindfield and Ian Coulson 4. Iconography and Design: Meaning, Complexity, and Context Peter N. Lindfield 5. Gothic Beds, the Antiques Trade, and Reproduction Peter N. Lindfield 6. Paint Analysis Helen Hughes 7. Dendrochronological Analysis Andy Moir 8. DNA Analysis Hilke Schroeder and Lasse Schindler 9. Afterword Appendices Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume examines how pre-Columbian societies in the Americas envisioned their cosmos and iteratively modelled it through the creation of particular objects and places. It emphasises that American societies did this to materialize overarching models and templates for the shape and scope of the cosmos, the working definition of cosmoscape. Noting a tendency to gloss over the ways in which ancestral Americans envisioned the cosmos as intertwined and animated, the authors examine how cosmoscapes are manifested archaeologically, in the forms of objects and physically altered landscapes. This volume includes case studies of cosmoscapes that present themselves as forms of architecture, portable artifacts, and transformed aspects of the natural world. In doing so, it emphasises that the creation of cosmoscapes offered a means of reconciling peoples experiences of the world with their understandings of them.Trade ReviewCosmoscapes is an intriguing volume, diverse in both topic and theory. Some essays can be challenging for a reader not seeped in the local cultural history. However, it excels in presenting a window into some current trends in the mobilization of art history and iconography, aspects of relational ontology, materiality, cosmic visions, animism, the challenges of ethnographic analogies, and the segmented world of microcosms and macrocosms. * Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology *An exceptionally well presented collection of scholarly research, Archaeologies of Cosmoscapes in the Americas is an especially and unreservedly recommended addition to personal, professional, college, and university library Contemporary American Archaeology collections and supplemental curriculum studies lists. * Midwest Book Review *Table of Contents1. Front matter 1.1. Introduction: Approaching cosmoscapes J. Grant Stauffer, Shawn P. Lambert, and Bretton T. Giles 2. Objects as cosmoscapes 2.1. Modeling the cosmos: Rim-effigy bowl iconography in the central Mississippi valley Madelaine Azar and Vincas P. Steponaitis 2.2. Of snakes and masks: Retrospective clues to understand the meaning of Pre-Columbian Maya greenstone mosaic masks Juan-Carlos Melendez, David A. Freidel, and Daniel E. Aquino 2.3. Negotiating Oneota and Tunica cosmoscapes in the lower Mississippi valley David Dye 2.4. Sacrifice and the sun: The Aztec calendar stone and its origins Annabeth Headrick 2.5. Cahokia’s wandering supernaturals: What does it mean when the earth mother leaves town? Steven L. Boles 2.6. Hallucinogens and cosmoscapes: Datura production, consumption, and iconography in the central Arkansas river valley Shawn P. Lambert 3. Placemaking and cultivating cosmoscapes 3.1. Center Posts, thunder symbolism, and community organization at Cahokia Mounds, Illinois Joy Mersmann and J. Grant Stauffer 3.2. Mound 2 at the Hopewell site as cosmoscape Bretton T. Giles, Brian M. Rowe, and Ryan M. Parish 3.3. Revealing the origins and cultural connections of the Braden art style James Duncan and Carol Diaz-Granados 3.4. Persistent memories and cosmic futures: Ancient placemaking in the Tallahassee Uplands of Florida Jesse Nowak and Charles Rainville 3.5. Whirlwind of a woman: An iconographic analysis of earth mother iconography Melinda A. Martin 3.6. Portals of prophecy and creation: Spiro’s spirit lodge and an ancient American tradition David Freidel 4. Back matter 4.1. Conclusion F. Kent Reilly

Read more less

Book SynopsisOver the last 30 years, the Connecticut Office of State Archaeology and the Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resource Conservation Service have entered into a partnership employing ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to the study of the state’s archaeology and history. As a result, many historical cemeteries and places of note in Connecticut have been investigated. The authors have selected 10 geophysical surveys, which have used GPR as a non-intrusive, non-destructive exploratory tool, that have elicited positive results in the search for unmarked burials, confirmation of marked burials and to authenticate areas of known historical events.This book narrates the stories of GPR studies at 10 historical sites in Connecticut, spanning the 17th to the 20th centuries. Each chapter investigates and highlights a ‘history mystery’ and differing aspects of our research, including the ‘lost’ grave of an African-American Revolutionary War veteran, the verification of French Revolutionary War military personnel in a mass grave, the detection of a below-ground hidden 19th-century family burial tomb, the discovery of hurriedly dug, unmarked burials associated with the 1918 influenza pandemic and the detection of the unknown location of a 1941 military plane crash site, among others.Professionally, the authors have over 40 years’ experience in GPR, soil science and archaeology. They bring their collective expertise to the reader in a scientific approach with a personal, story-telling touch. Each chapter delves into the history of the sites and the nature of the geophysical search (i.e., how the equipment was used) and the interpretation of the data in regard to solving a historical problem.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Ground-penetrating Radar and Archaeology Part I. Historical Cemeteries 2. Robinson Burying Ground (1814 Bomb Crater), Stonington 3. Old Norwichtown Burying Ground (French Soldiers), Norwich 4. Judea Cemetery, Washington 5. Stone-lined Tomb, North Burying Ground, Danbury Part II. Historical Places and Events 6. John Mason’s House, Palisado, Windsor 7. Barkhamsted Lighthouse Village, Barkhamsted 8. Battle of Essex (War of 1812) Riverfront, CT River Museum, Essex 9. A Pandemic Strikes, Old Farm Cemetery, Middletown 10. Second Lieutenant Eugene Bradley’s Plane Crash, Windsor Locks

Read more less

Book SynopsisEconomic circularity is the ability of a society to reduce waste by recycling, reusing, and repairing raw materials and finished products. This concept has gained momentum in academia, in part due to contemporary environmental concerns. Although the blurry conceptual boundaries of this term are open to a wide array of interpretations, the scholarly community generally perceives circular economy as a convenient umbrella definition that encompasses a vast array of regenerative and preservative processes.Despite the recent surge of interest, economic circularity has not been fully addressed as a macrophenomenon by historical and archaeological studies. The limitations of data and the relatively new formulation of targeted research questions mean that several processes and agents involved in ancient circular economies are still invisible to the eye of modern scholarship. Examples include forms of curation, maintenance, and repair, which must have had an influence on the economic systems of premodern societies but are rarely accounted for. Moreover, the people behind these processes, such as collectors and scavengers, are rarely investigated and poorly understood. Even better-studied mechanisms, like reuse and recycling, are not explored to their full potential within the broader picture of ancient urban economies.This volume stems from a conference held at Moesgaard Museum supported by the Carlsberg Foundation and the Centre for Urban Networks Evolutions (UrbNet) at Aarhus University. To enhance our understanding of circular economic processes, the contributions in this volume expand the framework of the discussion by exploring circular economy over the longue durée and by integrating an interdisciplinary perspective. Furthermore, the volume gives prominence to classes of material, processes, agents, and methodologies generally overlooked or ignored in modern scholarship.Table of ContentsIntroduction: approaching circular economies through archaeological and historical sources I. Bavuso, G. Furlan, E.E. Intagliata, J. Steding 1. The ragpicker’s dream: notes on the continuous role of junk dealers in the past urban economies back to the Roman period Guido Furlan 2. Laws, Letters and Graves: the Organisation of Scavenging in the Early Medieval Period Irene Bavuso 3. Exploring reuse in a prestige environment: the palace city of Samarra Rhiannon Garth Jones 4. Through glass: recycling and reuse practices brought out by archaeometry and history Line Van Wersch and Alexis Wilkin 5. Beauty, utility, value. Examples of glass reuses from the Roman period to the early Middle Ages Cristina Boschetti 6. Identifying episodes of recycling in the archaeological record Jonathan Wood 7. Textile reuse in the Roman naval contexts Margarita Gleba and Maria Stella Busana 8. Functional, spiritual or aesthetic? – Investigating reuse in high-status 7th-century necklace pendants from Early medieval England Rowan S. English 9. Stars aligned: tracking the use and reuse of Viking Age metal-casting models for star-shaped brooches through 3D visualisation Derek Parrot 10. Seeking the invisible with legacy data. Notes on the use of archives for the study of ancient circular economies Emanuele E. Intagliata 11. Evolutionary Design Processes in Thermal Architecture of the Roman Empire Allyson McDavid 12. Reused columns in an ancient circular economy Jon M. Frey 13. Mind the Gap: Researching Reuse Practices in Palmyra. The example of Reused Inscriptions Julia Steding

Read more less

Book SynopsisConsiders the notion that regular landscapes could only arise through deliberate planning, and argues that the appearance of regularity can derive through piecemeal expansion over many years.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFacsimile edition of the 1974 reissue of Flinders Petrie’s 1921 corpus of prehistoric pottery and slate palettes from pre-dynastic, prehistoric Egypt. The pottery corpus was produced separately to accompany the catalogue of Egyptian artifacts in the volume Prehistoric Egypt and comprises hundreds of line drawings illustrating the shapes, forms and types of decoration. It was intended to be a ‘graveside’ aid for use during excavation, with the intent that it be used with record cards to classify and date pottery that could then be returned to the grave. The corpus of palettes updated Petrie’s original classification published Ballas and Naqada, to include many new finds and refine the typology and sequence.This series comprises facsimile re-issues of typological catalogues produced between 1898 and 1937 by W.M. Flinders Petrie, based on his vast collection of Egyptian artefacts which now reside in The Petrie Museum of Egyptian and Sudanese Archaeology, University College, London. Long out of print, the catalogues were re-issued in facsimile by publishers Aris & Phillips in the 1970s alongside newly-commissioned titles by contemporary experts. Petrie’s catalogues remain invaluable source material today. The Oxbow Classics in Egyptology series now makes a selection of these important resources available again in print for a new generation of students and scholars.Table of ContentsThe corpus of Prehistoric pottery The corpus of slate palettes The registers Plates

Read more less

Book SynopsisFlinders Petrie undertook excavation and survey of ancient Egyptian towns in the Faiyum oasis, south-west of Cairo, in 1888–90. The work included opening of a pyramid at Illahun and excavation of a nearby cemetery, excavation and planning of over 2000 chambers of the city of Kahun, excavation of a Ptolemaic cemetery at Gurob, and work at the temple site at Medinet Gurob. This facsimile volume presents brief descriptions of the work with a focus on the artifacts and inscriptions recovered and recorded with an attempt to establish a chronology of occupation in the oasis.The entrance to the pyramid at Illahun, its peculiar structure and exploration of its various internal passages and chambers are described, including the sepulchre containing the red granite sarcophagus of Usertesen II, accompanied by a table of offerings. A series of nearby tombs produced a wealth of artifacts associated with burials, wooden coffins and cartonnages, including glazed objects, amulets, scarabs, beads, silver cowries, carved and inscribed wooden objects and statuettes. At Kahun the complete surviving plan of the ancient town revealed a regular layout thought by Petrie to be the work of a single architect. He identified the acropolis, at least eight great houses, dwelling houses, rubbish heaps, and storerooms arranged along numerous narrow ‘workmen’s’ streets with drainage channels. Much evidence for construction materials and techniques and house fittings, wall plaster and paint was recovered. Portable objects included decorated pottery, some of it imported; pottery trays of offerings; stonework; wooden carvings; flint sickles and knives; inscribed stelae; a variety of copper tools; scarabs and clay seals; stone weights and many tools, including several workshop groups. A family tomb in the cellar beneath one house contained 12 coffins, each containing several bodies with grave offerings buried in succession, two baby boxes and a heap of offerings. At Gurob, the plan of the main temple and surrounding enclosures, within which were contained most of the houses, was established and an outline of its history determined. An unusual practice of burning personal belongings in pits beneath the houses was identified and the groups of objects and inscriptions discussed. The nearby cemetery was also investigated with pit-like tombs producing undecorated coffins but finely painted cartonnages, badly decomposed papyri and a few funerary objects. A discussion of the wider urban landscape concludes the narrative. There are specialist reports on the papyri and stone implements.This series comprises facsimile re-issues of typological catalogues produced between 1898 and 1937 by W.M. Flinders Petrie, and re-issued in facsimile by publishers Aris & Phillips in the 1970s alongside newly-commissioned titles by contemporary experts. Petrie’s catalogues remain invaluable source material today. The Oxbow Classics in Egyptology series now makes a selection of these important resources available again in print for a new generation of students and scholars.Table of ContentsIntroductory 1. Pyramids of Illahun 2. The town of Kahun 3. The antiquities of Kahun 4. Medinet Gurob 5. The tomb of Maket 6. Illahun in the XXII Dyn. 7. Ptolemic cemetery, Gurob 8. Ptolemais and late sites 9. The Greek papyri (by Prof. Sayce) 10. The hieratic papyri (by F.Ll. Griffith) 11. The stone implements (by F.C.J. Spurrell, F.G.S.) Plates

Read more less

Book SynopsisExplanations in Iconography: Ancient American Indian Art, Symbol, and Meaning is a significant contribution to archaeology and to- iconography studies – a discipline that has gradually been coming into its own. Iconography is a rich and fascinating field when applied to the complex and enigmatic imagery on many ancient Pre-Columbian artifacts. When viewed through the lens of early ethnographic records and American Indian oral traditions – as well as information from knowledgeable American Indian elders – it opens a world of understanding and clarity until recently unknown in the field of anthropological archaeology. It brings us closer to the people who created the artifacts and offers a glimpse into the symbols and beliefs that were important to them. Chapters cover a wide variety of artifacts and imagery from several ancient American Indian cultures, drawn from a variety of regions, mainly in the Midwest and Eastern United States. These artifacts include petroglyphs and pictographs (rock art), mounds, engraved shell cups and gorgets, burial architecture and grave furniture, pottery, copper repoussé, and other media. Ancient graphics, engravings, mounds, and all were created to deliver a message to the viewer – many of which are finally coming to light. This volume encourages the reader to look more deeply into the meaning behind ancient imagery and arts, and give the past a chance to be known.Table of ContentsContributors Preface 1. I Thoughts and ideas on how iconography works – a basic primer on how to do iconography Carol Diaz-Granados 2. SON OF THE SUN: Iconography in rock art and artifacts that reveals important associations between symbolism associated with Dhegiha religion, celestial bodies and Western Mississippian Ideology James R. Duncan and Carol Diaz-Granados Vestiges of the Birdman at Etowah Vestiges of the First Man Lineage at Etowah (Georgia) Adam King 4. The House Between Life and Death: Interpretations About the Organization of Mound 3 at the Lake Jackson Site J. Grant Stauffer 5. Effigy mounds and rock art of midcontinental North America: Shared iconography, shared stories Bradley T. Lepper, Robert F. Boszhardt, James R. Duncan, and Carol Diaz-Granados (reprint from North American Archaeologist, with permission) 6. “Paired Figures Confronting a Forked Pole:” So What’s Up with the Forked Pole? George Sabo III and Alex W. Barker 7. The Hero Twins in the Lower Mississippi Valley David H. Dye 8. Arguments for the Age of Serpent Mound Bradley T. Lepper, James R. Duncan, Carol Diaz-Granados, Tod Frolking (reprint from Cambridge Archaeological Journal, with permission) 9. Contextualizing Mississippian Statuary from the Mississippi/Ohio River Confluence Steven L. Boles 10. The Great Importance of the Great Serpent James R. Duncan Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhat have a deaf nun, the mother of the first baby born to Europeans in North America, and a condemned heretic to do with one another? They are among the virtuous virgins, marvellous maidens, and fierce feminists of the Middle Ages who trail-blazed paths for women today. Without those first courageous souls who worked in fields dominated by men, women might not have the presence they currently do in professions such as education, the law, and literature. Focusing on women from Western Europe between c. 300 and 1500 CE in the medieval period and richly carpeted with detail, A Medieval Woman’s Companion offers a wealth of information about real medieval women who are now considered vital for understanding the Middle Ages in a full and nuanced way. Short biographies of 20 medieval women illustrate how they have anticipated and shaped current concerns, including access to education; creative emotional outlets such as art, theatre, romantic fiction, and music; marriage and marital rights; fertility, pregnancy, childbirth, contraception and gynecology; sex trafficing and sexual violence; the balance of work and family; faith; and disability. Their legacy abides until today in attitudes to contemporary women that have their roots in the medieval period. The final chapter suggests how 20th and 21st century feminist and gender theories can be applied to and complicated by medieval women's lives and writings. Doubly marginalised due to gender and the remoteness of the time period, medieval women’s accomplishments are acknowledged and presented in a way that readers can appreciate and find inspiring. Ideal for high school and college classroom use in courses ranging from history and literature to women's and gender studies, an accompanying website with educational links, images, downloadable curriculum guide, and interactive blog will be made available at the time of publication.Trade Review...a wonderfully illustrated and pleasant read, touring its audience through short biographies of notable women of the Christian, European Middle Ages while simultaneously providing context and historical overview… Morrison succeeds in her project to present an accessible and relevant group of medieval women to her audience… The book as a whole provides a friendly, accessible user experience. * Medieval Review *If you’re writing about medieval women or teaching medieval history or literature, this book is an essential. What a resource!Morrison does a superb job of making medieval women accessible to mainstream audiences, and tying in traditional and digital sources. * Medieval Magazine *A Medieval Woman's Companion is—I'm not exaggerating here—the best introduction I know of to the widely-varied lives of medieval women. * Story Circle Reviews *Table of ContentsIntroduction Part I: PIONEERS 1.Gudrun Osvifsdottir: Viking Vixen 2. Gudrid Thorbjarnardottir: Fearless Explorer 3. Hrotsvit of Gandersheim: First Woman Playwright 4. Anglo-Saxon and Norman Women: Political Power Dynasties and Steadfast Sovereigns Emma of Normandy; St. Margaret of Scotland; Matilda of Scotland 5. The Importance of Language Part II: FEARLESS FEMALES 6. St. Christina of Markyate: Resolute Virgin 7. Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen and Cougar 8. Margaret of Beverley: Fighting Crusader Part III: WOMEN OF WISDOM 9. Anna Komnene: Dutiful Daughter 10. Understanding the Female Body: Misogyny and Sympathy 11. Trota of Salerno: Compassionate Physician 12. Hildegard von Bingen: Audacious Innovator 13. Heloise d’Argenteuil: Scandalous Nun 14. Marie de France: Rhyming Romancer Part IV: NON-CONFORMISTS 15. Women Troubadours/Trobairitz: Clever Composers 16. Marguerite Porete: Heroic Heretic 17. St. Birgitta of Sweden: Righteous Reformer 18. Margery Kempe: Peerless Pilgrim Part V: “MOST HONORED LADIES” 19. Christine de Pizan: Vocal Feminist 20. Joan of Arc: Savior of France 21. Textile Concerns: Holy Transvestites and the Dangers of Cross-Dressing Part VI: “EXPERIENCE IS RIGHT ENOUGH FOR ME” 22. Teresa de Cartagena: Foremother of Deaf Culture 23. Margaret Paston: Matchless Matriarch 24: Looking Forward: Contemporary Feminist Theory and Medieval Women Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Primary Sources Secondary Sources Websites

Read more less

Book SynopsisDespite notable explorations of past dynamics, much of the archaeological literature on mobility remains dominated by accounts of earlier prehistoric gatherer-hunters, or the long-distance exchange of materials. Refinements of scientific dating techniques, isotope, trace element and aDNA analyses, in conjunction with phenomenological investigation, computer-aided landscape modelling and GIS-style approaches to large data sets, allow us to follow the movement of people, animals and objects in the past with greater precision and conviction. One route into exploring mobility in the past may be through exploring the movements and biographies of artefacts. Challenges lie not only in tracing the origins and final destinations of objects but in the less tangible ‘in between’ journeys and the hands they passed through. Biographical approaches to artefacts include the recognition that culture contact and hybridity affect material culture in meaningful ways. Furthermore, discrete and bounded ‘sites’ still dominate archaeological inquiry, leaving the spaces and connectivities between features and settlements unmapped. These are linked to an under-explored middle-spectrum of mobility, a range nestled between everyday movements and one-off ambitious voyages. We wish to explore how these travels involved entangled meshworks of people, animals, objects, knowledge sets and identities. By crossing and re-crossing cultural, contextual and tenurial boundaries, such journeys could create diasporic and novel communities, ideas and materialities.Trade ReviewThis volume adds an excellent contribution to renewed interest in mobility and movement, particularly in going some way to bridging the theoretical gap between ‘here’ and ‘there’ and demonstrating the importance of the journey. * Antiquity *Table of ContentsList of Contributors 1. Making journeys, blurring boundaries and celebrating transience: a movement towards archaeologies of in-betweeness Catriona D. Gibson 2. The role of persistent places and landmarks in navigation Yolande O'Brien 3. Archaeology and movement one step at a time! Oscar Aldred 4. The Dover Bronze Age boat as a ‘Non-place’: Some reflections on maritime mobility in the Bronze Age of the Transmanche Peter Clark 5. From self-sufficiency to interdependence: Changes in the Cypriot socio-economic structure in the light of mobility during the second millennium BC Francesca Chelazzi 6. Travelling lines: Linear earthworks and movement on the prehistoric Yorkshire Wolds Emily Fioccoprile 7. Bronze Age wayfaring and the monumentalised landscape Catherine J. Frieman and James Lewis 8. Itineraries of pottery: Theorising mobility and movement of humans and things Caroline Heitz and Regine Stapfer 9. Theorising ‘Nomadic’ Betweenness: Movement, Contingency, and Materiality in the Pastoral Societies of the Bronze Age Eurasian Steppe James A. Johnson 10. Neolithic mobility in western Sweden: interpretations of strontium isotope ratios of the megalithic population in Falbygden Malou Blank and Corina Knipper 11. Choreography of existence: holloways and making of landscapes Dimitrij Mlekuž

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe current geography of north-west Europe, from the perspective of long-term Pleistocene climate change, is temporary. The seaways that separate southern Britain from northern France comprise a flooded landscape open to occupation by hunter-gatherers for large parts of the 0.5 million years since the English Channel’s formation. While much of this record is now inaccessible to systematic archaeological investigation it is critical that we consider past human societies in the region in terms of access to, inhabitation in, and exploitation of this landscape.This latest volume of the acclaimed Prehistoric Society Research Papers provides a starting point for approaching the Middle Palaeolithic record of the English Channel region and considering the ecological opportunities and behavioural constraints this landscape offered to Neanderthal groups in north-west Europe. The volume reviews the Middle Palaeolithic archaeological record along the fringes of La Manche in northern France and southern Britain. It examines this record in light of recent advances in quaternary stratigraphy, science-based dating, and palaeoecology and explores how Palaeolithic archaeology in the region has developed in an interdisciplinary way to transform our understanding of Neanderthal behaviour. Focusing in detail on a particular sub-region of this landscape, the Normano-Breton Gulf, the volume presents the results of recent research focused on exceptionally productive coastal capture points for Neanderthal archaeology. In turn the long-term behavioural record of La Cotte de St Brelade is presented and explored, offering a key to changing Neanderthal behaviour. Aspects of movement into and through these landscapes, changing technological and raw material procurement strategies, hunting patterns and site structures, are presented as accessible behaviours that change at site and landscape scales in response to changing climate, sea level and ecology over the last 250,000 years.Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables Contributors Abstract French Language Abstract German Language Abstract Acknowledgements 1. Repeopling La Manche: survey and encounters By Matt Pope 2. La Cotte de St Brelade: a key early Middle Palaeolithic geoarchaeological sequence in La Manche By Andrew Shaw 3. In pursuit of the mammoths By Katharine Scott 4. The early Middle Palaeolithic ‘bone heaps’ from La Cotte de St Brelade reconsidered By Andrew Shaw, Beccy Scott and Matt Pope 5. Coming home: reconstructing place and landscape during the early Middle Palaeolithic at La Cotte de St Brelade By Andrew Shaw and Beccy Scott 6. Jersey’s north facing property: the Neanderthal sequence at La Cotte à la Chèvre Cave By Josie Mills 7. Understanding the context of Palaeolithic archaeology in the Normanno-Breton Gulf: the importance of the Pleistocene coastal sequences By Martin R. Bates, John Renouf and Marine Laforge 8. La Cotte, Neanderthals and Goldilocks: investigating hominin adaptations in the submerged landscapes of the Normanno-Breton Gulf By C. Richard Bates, Andrew Shaw, Martin R. Bates, Matt Pope and Beccy Scott 9. Archaeological sequences, framework, and lithic overview of the late Middle Pleistocene of northern France By David Hérisson, Jean-Luc Locht, Émilie Goval, Pierre Antoine and Sylvie Coutard 10. La Cotte in its regional context: reconsidering La Manche By Beccy Scott and Anne-Lyse Ravon 11. Mind and society: re-imagining the archaeology of Neanderthals By Clive Gamble and Matt Pope Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisButrint 6 describes the excavations carried out on the Vrina Plain by the Butrint Foundation from 2002–2007. Lying just to the south of the ancient port city of Butrint, these excavations have revealed a 1,300 year long story of a changing community that began in the 1st century AD, one which not only played its part in shaping the city of Butrint but also in how the city interacted and at times reacted to the changing political, economic and cultural situations occurring across the Mediterranean World over this period. Volume II discusses the finds from the Vrina Plain excavations.This volume provides an insight into how the Vrina Plain community lived, worked and ultimately died and includes chapters on the medieval and post-medieval ceramics from the excavations, analysis of the human and faunal remains, environmental evidence, Roman and Medieval coins, a detailed study of the small finds as well as a discussion of the glass including a report on a number of glass cakes, ingots of raw glass associated with glass working that were found during the excavations.The volume also reports on five lead seals dating from the late 9th to the 10th century, an uncommon find but one which when considered with the contemporary coins suggests that for 100 years the Vrina Plain was Butrint.Trade ReviewThese volumes, which are also excellent on the editorial plan, contribute to strengthening the decisive centrality of the Butrint project in the context of Mediterranean archaeological experiences of the last thirty years, also because the quality of the scientific approach is accompanied by an updated reflection on the main themes that touch on the transformation of ancient society in its passagetowards the Middle Ages. * Archeologia Medievale *Table of Contents1. The Medieval and Post-Medieval pottery finds from the Vrina Plain excavations. Joanita Vroom 2. The Ancient and Early Byzantine Coins from Vrina Plain. Sam Moorhead 3. Byzantine and Early Modern Coins (9th – 17th centuries). Pagona Papadopoulou 4. Lead seals. Pagona Papadopoulou 5. The human skeletons from the Vrina Plain Todd W. Fenton, Angela Soler, Carolyn V. Hurst, and Jared Beatrice 6. Vrina Plain Small Finds John Mitchell Appendix: The conservation of the Vrina Plain small finds Pippa Pearce 7. The Vessel Glass of the Vrina Plain: A Catalogue Karen Stark 8. Glass cakes and glass tesserae from the Vrina Plain Nadine Schibille 9. The Faunal Remains Richard Madgwick 10. Aquatic resource exploitation at the Vrina Plain from the 1st to the 13th century AD Rena Veropoulidou 11. Hand-collected shell. Matt Law and Richard Madgwick 12. The archaeobotanical evidence of the Vrina Plain settlement Alexandra Livarda

Read more less

Book SynopsisNew Guinea, and especially Papua New Guinea, is the last country in the world where ethnologists were able to closely observe, film and photograph the whole manufacturing chaînes opératoires of polished stone felling tools, from quarry extraction to finished tool use. Research on the polished blades of PNG has evolved over the years, following changing philosophies and research agendas. While it is clear that an exceptional sum of information has been gathered, it remains centered on that small part of the Highlands where conditions for field research were more pleasant than elsewhere. Our presentation of Irian Jaya axes therefore tackles a topic that remains mostly unexplored. Until now, stone tool research in New Guinea has followed an anthropocentric approach, in which tools are seen more as vectors for social exchanges than as means of acting on the environment.This monograph will take a different approach. Here, polished stone blades are placed at the center of the world, between, on one side, the transformed natural environment, and, on the other, the social and economic environment. This approach will allow us to suggest new avenues of inference in archaeology, as well as to test and abandon existing ones.In this volume, the stone blade is considered as a living being, existing in balance within its biotope. This idea is not far removed from the beliefs of Irian Jaya farmers, for whom life animates certain objects of their material culture.Following a brief presentation of Irian Jaya, we will describe the function of polished stone blades in Irian Jaya societies and the distribution of hafting styles, define and study the quarrying zones and the areas of diffusion and use of their production, and, if possible, the different trends noted in each area of polished blade production and exchanges. Finally, we will conclude with a discussion of the ethnoarchaeological potential of these contemporary observations.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Preface (by Polly Wiessner) Introduction Foreword to the English edition 1. Polished stone blades as means of social and technical reproduction 1.1. An island open to global economies 1.2. Raw material determinisms 1.3. Axes and Adzes 2. The Yeleme quarries (Kp. Paniai) and the polished blades of Central Irian Jaya 2.1. Rocks from the upper Ye-I River 2.2. The Wang-Kob-Me quarry 2.3. The Brahire quarry in Ye-Ineri 2.4. Blocks from the bed of the Ye-I River 2.5. From roughout to axe in Wano country 2.6. The Axe Trail 2.7. Accessing roughouts: the Yamo Dani perspective 2.8. From roughout to axe among the Yamo Dani 2.9. The expansion of the Western Dani and the acceleration of exchanges 2.10. The Baliem and the realm of adzes 2.11. Axes and adzes, the prestige of stone blades 2.12. Partners and strangers: the limitation of exchanges 3. Material and social techniques of the Dani: black rocks and greenschists 3.1. The black rocks of Gomburu (Kp. Paniai) 3.2. The black rocks of Tagi (Kp. Jayawijaya) 3.3. Black rock axes and sacred objects 3.4. The quarries of Awigobi and greenschist blades 3.5. Ye-yao, the exchange axes 4. Adzes of the Eastern Highlands (Kp. Jayawijaya) 4.1. From rock to adze in Langda 4.2. Stone blade production in the Phu Valley and the westward expansion of adzes 4.3. Yamyhl, Red Digul and the Seashell Trail 5. Ormu-Wari and the Lowland axes 5.1. The Mumugo Valley and schist axes 5.2. Ormu and marriage axes 6. The polished blades of Irian Jaya, a synthesis 6.1. A shared background: the balance between natural environment, modes of subsistence and population density 6.2. Rocks and types of sources 6.3. Quarry access and the social context of quarrying 6.4. Quarrying techniques 6.5. Duration of the quarrying events 6.6. From rock to polished blade: segmentation of the chaîne opératoire 6.7. Shaping roughouts: raw material determinisms 6.8. Manufacture and specialization 6.9. Polishing and polishing stones 6.10. Axes and adzes 6.11. Intensity of polishing 6.12. Length of the stone blades 6.13. Handles for felling tools 6.14. Circulation of the blades 6.15. Stone blades for the living 7. Postface

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe book delivers a history from below for the first half of Egyptian history covering the earliest settlements, state formation and the pyramid age. The focus is on the Wadjet province, about 350 km south of modern Cairo in Upper Egypt. Here archaeological records provide an especially rich dataset for the material culture of farmers. Histories of Ancient Egypt have focussed heavily on the kings, monuments and inscriptions, while the working population is hardly mentioned. The book investigates the life of people far from the centres of power. One main aim of the book is the interaction between farmers and the ruling classes at the centres of power and locally. How did decisions at the royal centre affect the life of ordinary people? The Introduction offers a critical survey of Egyptologists and their attitudes towards the working class. The social and cultural background of these researchers is analysed to assess how heavily they are influenced by time and their political and cultural background.The First chapter then describes the location and gives a history of previous research and excavations. The archaeological sites and the recorded ancient place names of the province are presented to provide a geographical framework for the book. The following chapters are arranged in chronological order, mainly according to the archaeological phases visible in the province. It appears that in phases of a weak central government, people in the provinces were much better off, while in phases of a strong central government burials of poorer people are almost absent. The reasons for this are discussed.A substantial part of the book comprises descriptions of single burials and the material culture in the province. The archaeology of the poorer people is the main focus. Burial customs and questions of production are discussed. For a fuller picture, evidence from other parts of Egypt is also taken into account. Thus settlement sites in other regions are presented to provide contemporary evidence for living conditions in particular periods.As the book will focus on the lower classes, the Tributary Mode of Production will be used as the main theoretical framework. The Tributary Mode of Production (previously known as the Asiatic Mode of Production) is a term that goes back to Karl Marx, but was mainly used in the 20th century to describe ancient societies whose economies were not based on slaves. A constant question will be the status of the working population. Were they slaves, serfs or free citizens? It will be argued that they were most often in a dependent position comparable to that of serfs, while there is little evidence for slavery. The numerous burials presented in the volume are important for highlighting the diversity of burials in the different periods. Many will be placed in special subchapters. Readers can skip these chapters when they prefer to concentrate on the main text.Trade ReviewIt is accessible, intellectually stimulating and highly relevant. There is no doubt that the people of the Cobra province in Egypt will provoke scholarly debate. This book is an important contribution to scholarly discourse on the social history of Ancient Egypt. * Antiquity *The book is highly readable, packed with information and references and written so that you can choose to read through the overarching historical narrative, delve into the details of individual burials in the province, or explore particular topics. * Ancient Egypt Magazine *All in all, the book succeeds in writing a social history of an ancient time and place, with attention to different views and theoretical frameworks, while laying bare the difficulties of just such an undertaking. It forms an important addition to those interested in the social, provincial, funerary and settlement archaeology of ancient Egypt. * nickyvandebeek.com blog *Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1. Setting and History of Research in Wadjet Province Chapter 2. Life without kings and the coming of the state (Predynastic and Early Dynastic Period) Chapter 3. Province as a source for manpower (Old Kingdom I) Chapter 4. Heyday in the province, decline at the Residence (Old Kingdom II) Chapter 5. Full centralisation: oriental despotism? (Middle Kingdom) Chapter 6. Central government evaporating (Second Intermediate Period) Appendix Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisStone and brick tombs were repositories for the physical remains of many of Connecticut’s wealthiest and influential families. The desire was to be interred within burial vaults rather than have their wooden coffins laid into the earth in direct contact with crushing soil burden led many prominent families to construct large above-ground and semi-subterranean tombs, usually burrowed into the sides of hills as places of interment for their dead."And So The Tomb Remains" tells the stories of the Connecticut State Archaeologist’s investigations into five 18th/19th century family tombs: the sepulchers of Squire Elisha Pitkin, Center Cemetery, East Hartford; Gershom Bulkeley, Ancient Burying Ground, Colchester; Samuel and Martha Huntington, Norwichtown Cemetery, Norwich; Henry Chauncey, Indian Hill Cemetery, Middletown; and Edwin D. Morgan, Cedar Hill Cemetery, Hartford. In all of these cases, the state archaeologist assisted in identifying and restoring human skeletal remains to their original burial placements when vandalized through occult rituals or contributed to the identification of unrecorded burials during restoration projects.Each investigative delves into family histories and genealogies, as well as archaeological and forensic sciences that helped identify the entombed and is told in a personal, story-telling approach. Written in essay form, each investigation highlights differing aspects of research in mortuary architecture and cemetery landscaping, public health, restoration efforts, crime scene investigations, and occult activities.These five case studies began either as “history mysteries” or as crime scene investigations. Since historic tombs were occupied by social and economic elites, forensic studies provide an opportunity to investigate the health and life stress pathologies of the wealthiest citizens in Connecticut’s historic past, while offering comparisons to the wellbeing of lower socio-economic populations.Trade ReviewMany of the illustrations are reproduc­tions of historic prints and photographs, pro­viding further context. The text also includes a certain amount of background on the history of mortuary practices in both the Old and New Worlds. The tone is personal, accessible and lively: Bellantoni is not afraid to tell a good story. … this book is a worthy pro­duction, providing useful factual data about the particular tombs investigated, contextual infor­mation on the burial culture of New England and insights into the working life of an histori­cal archaeologist. It is entertainingly written and could easily inspire a casual reader to consider a career in archaeology. * Church Monuments *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Map Part I. Tomb Restorations Chapter 1 Introduction: Moseley Tomb Chapter 2 Squire Elisha Pitkin Family Tomb Chapter 3 The Tomb of Gershom Bulkeley and His Family Chapter 4 The Tomb of His Excellency Samuel Huntington, Esq. Part II. Tomb Vandalisms Chapter 5 Henry Chauncey Family Tomb Chapter 6 Edwin Denison Morgan Tomb Acknowledgements Glossary/Skeletal Diagram Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe human body serves as a symbolic bridge between communities of the living and the divine. This is clearly evident in mythological stories that recount the creation of humans by deities within ancient and contemporaneous societies across a very broad geographical environment. In certain circumstances, parts of selected humans can become an ideal proxy for connecting with the supernatural, as demonstrated by the cult of human skulls in Near Eastern Neolithic communities, as well as the cult of relics of Christian saints from the early Christian era.To go deeper into this topic, this volume undertakes a cross-cultural investigation of the role played by both humans and human remains in creating forms of relationality with the divine in antiquity. This approach highlights how the human body can be envisioned as part of a broader materialisation of religious beliefs that is based on connecting different realms of materiality in the perception of the supernatural by communities of the living.Table of ContentsContributors 1. The Sacred Body: introduction Nicola Laneri 2. Materializing what matters. Ritualized bodies from a time before text Liv Nilsson Stutz 3. Inscribing bodies in Bronze Age Cyprus Louise Steel 4. Manufacturing relics: the social construction of the ‘sacred things’ Arianna Rotondo 5. You’re in or you’re out: the inclusion or exclusion of sacred royal bodies in the tomb of the 21st Dynasty High Priests of Amen Kathlyn Cooney 6. Materializing the ancestors: sacred body parts and fragments in the ancient Near East Melissa S. Cradic 7. Modified bodies: an interpretation of social identity embedded into bones Yilmaz Selim Erdal and Valentina D’Amico 8. Feeding the divine. Body concepts and human sacrifice among the Classic period Maya Vera Tiesler and Erik Velásquez García About the Material Religion in Antiquity (MaReA) series

Read more less

Book SynopsisWith the thought of treasure, Isle of Wight islander, Derek Williams researched ancient local wreck records. Top of his extensive wreck list was the 40-gun frigate Assurance lost in 1753 while returning from Jamaica with Governor Trelawny on board, whose story possibly inspired Robert Louis Stevenson to write Treasure Island. Derek’s first dive at the western point of the Isle of Wight called “The Needles” put him on top of cannons, various wreckage and Spanish-American “Pieces of Eight”, all scattered at the foot of the rock face. He reported this astonishing discovery to the authorities which resulted in the site being designated the 6th British historic protected wreck site.When the authorities decided that further professional help was needed, author and diver John Bingeman supplied his Portsmouth Royal Naval diving team, and together with David Tomalin, County Archaeologist, developed the full potential of this important site. Over the next nine years John Bingeman’s team conducted annual visits to excavate the site; they successfully recovered 3,471 artefacts including cannon weighing 1½ tons. Some of these cannon post-dated the Assurance, leading to the identification of a second 38-gun frigate, the Pomone, lost in 1811. Her Captain, Robert Barrie’s extensive correspondence was discovered by Paul Simpson to have been archived by Duke University, North Carolina. It features Pomone’s continuous actions during the French Napoleonic wars, followed by his appointment to the 74-gun Dragon when he saw action in Chesapeake Bay during the 1812-15 war with the USA. Returning to North America as Senior Naval Officer Canada, Commodore Barrie made quite a name for himself improving the political relationship between the USA and Canada; he is remembered by the Canadian City named Barrie.Previously un-researched archaeological finds are featured, including the development of rigging blocks, gunlocks, military buttons and ship’s chain pumps, all superbly illustrated, as well as the results of research into numerous other artefacts of the period. Appendices contain the transcripts of the two ship’s court martials and make fascinating reading. Captains seem to be blameless while their navigating officers are held responsible even going to prison. Perhaps not surprising when tried by fellow Captains!Trade ReviewThis book ought to appeal across a wide spectrum of interests, from underwater archeology, to ship wrecks, through the early stages of a single officer’s naval career. It offers information and insights for both the professional and novice in these areas. * The Northern Mariner/le marin du nord *...here is a book which whilst not sparing scientific and technical data is understandable and absorbing to the general reader. * The Britannia Naval Research Association *Table of ContentsThe authors Acknowledgements Foreword by Major-General Sir Martin S White, KCVO, CB, CBE Introduction Part 1: Investigating the wrecks of the Assurance and Pomone 1. The Needles wreck site: the 44-gun Assurance (1753) 2. The 38-gun Pomone (1811) 3. The hull structure of the Pomone in Alum Bay Part 2: Biography and naval career of Admiral Sir Robert Barrie (1774–1841) 4. Biography of Admiral Sir Robert Barrie (1774–1841) 5. Captain Robert Barrie’s letters from HMS Dragon (1813–1815) 6. Commodore Barrie in Canada 1817–1834, and retirement115 Part 3: Conclusions 7. Conclusions Bibliography Appendix 1 – HMS Assurance’s Court Martial transcript Appendix 2 – Captain Barrie’s circumstantial letter, dated 21 October 1811 Appendix 3 – HMS Pomone’s Court Martial transcript Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhy are some things valuable while others are not? How much effort does it take to produce valuable objects? How can one explain the different appraisal of certain things in different temporal horizons and in different cultures? Cultural processes on how value is attached to things, and how value is re-established, are still little understood.The case studies in this volume, originating from anthropology and archaeology, provide innovative and differentiated answers to these questions. However, for all contributions there are some common basic assumptions. One of these concerns the understanding that it is rarely the value of the material itself that matters for high valuation, but rather the appreciation of the (assumed or constructed) origin of certain objects or their connection with certain social structures. A second of these shared insights addresses the ubiquity of phenomena of 'value in things'. There is no society without valued objects. As a rule, valuation is something negotiated or even disputed. Value arises through social action, whereby it is always necessary to ask anew which actors are interested in the value of certain objects (or in their appreciation). This also works the other way round: Who are those actors who question corresponding objective values and why?Table of ContentsList of contributors Preface 1. Introduction to Part I: Values and value: Some approaches to the concept of ‘values in things’ Hans Peter Hahn 2. Learning new styles, quickly: an examination of the Mittani–middle Assyrian transition in material culture Federico Buccellati 3. Changing exchange values in Solomon Islands Ben Burt 4. Objects with (a) history: Observations on reworking and re-using ancient bronzes Norbert Franken 5. The value of things: Textiles in the Iron Age Susanna Harris 6. Negotiating the value of ethnographic cultural heritage: Between scholarship, entertainment, sentimentality and nationalism Ivan Maksimovic 7. The gift as an open question Guido Sprenger 8. Introduction to Part II: Re-evaluations Anja Klöckner and Dirk Wicke 9. Recycling Egypt? The phenomenon of secondary re-use of Egyptian imports in the Northern Levant during the second millennium BCE Alexander Ahrens 10. Beyond the Bones. Relics in Greek Temples Andreas Hartmann 11. The ‘Altar of the Emperors’ from Carnuntum Gabrielle Kremer 12. How do materials matter? Lucy Norris 13. From antiquities to art: Why has classical archaeology ignored Marcel Duchamp? James Whitley 14. When secondary is primary: On Halbzeug and other objects of continual re-evaluation Thomas Widlok

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this volume, which is the outcome of the four-year long collaboration project SARA (Scandinavian and Atlantic Rock Art) between the archaeology department at University of Gothenburg and the Laboratory of Heritage of Spanish National Research Council, nine papers summarize new excavation and survey results, advanced studies of iconography and intriguing landscape studies. It addresses topics such as human activities in the vicinity and surroundings of rock-art panels, movement and communication, ritual and symbolism, and finally representations and constructions of landscapes. The book is a sophisticated study of the rock art of two major regions of prehistoric Europe, but one with implications for research over a much wider area. It is wide-ranging, topical and will no doubt also be controversial. Contributors include Per Nilsson, Manuel Santos Estévez, Yolanda Seoane Veiga, Johan Ling, Åsa C. Fredell, Marco García Quintela, Kristian Kristiansen, Lasse Bengtsson and Felipe Criado Boado.Trade Review'an interesting and stimulating book for any researcher working on rock art in general and Bronze Age Europe in particular. After all, it is a vivid expression of the plurality of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches that exist and are being applied to gain knowledge about past societies using their rock art as a point of departure.' -- European Journal of Archaeology European Journal of ArchaeologyTable of Contents1. A Life Aquatic? Looking at the relationships between settlements, rock art and sea levels in the Himmelstalund region of eastern Sweden (Per Nilsson) 2. Rock Art and Archaeological Excavations in Campo Lameiro, Galicia: A new chronological proposal for the Atlantic rock art (Manuel Santos Estévez And Yolanda Seoane Veiga) 3. Elevated Rock Art: Maritime images and situations (Johan Ling) 4. A Mo(ve)ment in Time? A comparative study of a rock-picture theme in Galicia and Bohuslän (Åsa C. Fredell) 5. Bodily Attributes and Semantic Expressions: Knees in rock art and Indo- European symbolism (Åsa C. Fredell And Marco V. García Quintela) 6. Rock Art and Religion: The sun journey in Indo-European mythology and Bronze Age rock art (Kristian Kristiansen) 7. To Excavate Images: Some results from the Tanum Rock Art Project 1997–2004 (Lasse Bengtsson) 8. Perspectives in European Rock Art: The archaeology of glance (Felipe Criado Boado) 9. The Spaces of Representation and the Domestication of Landscape in Rock Art Societies (Manuel Santos Estévez)

Read more less

Book SynopsisThroughout history, rivers have been a hub for human settlement and have long been a key part of local livelihoods, history, and culture, as well as still playing a present-day role in providing services and leisure to people who live around them. It is no coincidence that all four of the earliest human civilizations were formed on great rivers: the Nile, Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow rivers all saw great human aggregation along them. The most ancient, and vital architectural structures linked to the use of rivers are bridges.There are a wide range of medieval bridge structures, some very simple in their construction, to amazing triumphs of design and engineering comparable with the great churches of the period. They stand today as proof of the great importance of transport networks in the Middle Ages and of the size and sophistication of the medieval economy. These bridges were built in some of the most difficult places, across broad flood plains, deep tidal waters, and steep upland valleys, and they withstood all but the most catastrophic floods. Yet their beauty, from simplistic to ornate, remains for us to appreciate.Medieval Bridges of Middle England has been organized geographically into tours and covers the governmental regions of East of England, East Midlands, and West Midlands. There are 62 bridges included and beautiful full color photographs of each bridge are included. A brief history is incorporated with each bridge. Additionally, information about the construction, materials used, and unique features are related, as well as historically relevant documents and images. Directions to each bridge and local attractions are also given.There are literally hundreds of bridges in England that meet the criteria for inclusion in this roll of honor for senior bridges. They vary vastly in size, style, and materials. Most are stone and a very few are brick. We have lost many of our older bridges to the ravages of time and the modern practice of culvertisation and urban development. A few of our older bridges remain though, and their beauty and pivotal role in our history is starting to be recognized.Table of ContentsForeword Introduction Defining Medieval Criteria for Inclusion Medieval Timeline Chronology and Dating Bridges and Medieval Road Networks Basic Components of a Medieval Bridge Medieval Bridges and the Church Bridge Chapels The Economics of Medieval Bridges Medieval Bridge Types Medieval Bridge Builders List of Medieval Bridges in Southern England by Region and County Listed Bridges and Structures Scheduled Monuments National Grid Reference Numbers The Bridge Tours The Star Rating System THE MEDIEVAL BRIDGE TOURS OF MIDDLE ENGLAND BEDFORDSHIRE TOUR CAMBRIDGESHIRE & TRINITY TOUR DERBYSHIRE & OLD TRENT TOUR NOTTINGHAMSHIRE ESSEX TOUR HEREFORDSHIRE TOUR WORCESTERSHIRE & KING JOHN’S BRIDGE TOUR LEICESTERSHIRE TOUR LINCOLNSHIRE TOUR NORFOLK TOUR NORTHAMPTONSHIRE – SOUTH TOUR NORTHAMPTONSHIRE – NORTH TOUR SHROPSHIRE TOUR SUFFOLK TOUR THREE COUNTIES TOUR WARWICKSHIRE TOUR A Glossary for Medieval Bridges Acknowledgements The Gough Map Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe study of Roman urbanism – especially its early (Republican) phases – is extensively rooted in the evidence provided by a series of key sites, several of them located in Italy. Some of these Italian towns (e.g. Fregellae, Alba Fucens, Cosa) have received a great deal of scholarly attention in the past and they are routinely referenced as textbook examples, framing much of our understanding of the broad phenomenon of Roman urbanism. However, discussions of these sites tend to fall back on well-established interpretations, with relatively little or no awareness of more recent developments. This is remarkable, since our understanding of these sites has since evolved thanks to new archaeological fieldwork, often characterised by the pursuit of new questions and the application of new approaches. Similarly, new evidence from other sites has since prompted a reconsideration of time-honoured views about the nature, role and long-term trajectory of Roman towns in Italy.Tracing its origins in the Laurence Seminar on Roman Urbanism in Italy: recent discoveries and new directions, which took place at the Faculty of Classics of the University of Cambridge (27–28 May 2022), this volume brings together scholars whose recent work at key sites is contributing to expand, change or challenge our current knowledge and understanding of Roman urbanism in Italy. The individual chapters showcase some of the most recent methods and approaches applied to the study of Roman towns, discussing the broader implications of fresh archaeological discoveries from both well known and less widely known sites, from the Po Plain to Southern Italy, from the Republican to the Late Antique period (and beyond).Table of ContentsList of Contributors 1. Introduction Alessandro Launaro Part I. Methods and approaches 2. Approaches of Roman urbanism in Italy: the example of Falerii Novi Martin Millett 3. The changing face of the eastern Caelian in the 1st–2nd centuries AD: work by the Rome Transformed Project Ian Haynes, Paolo Liverani, Thea Ravasi & Stephen Kay 4. Luck is in the Research Method: Aquinum, the Rediscovery of an ‘Invisible’ Town Giuseppe Ceraudo Part II. Beyond the textbook 5. Cosa, Orbetello, and the Genesis of a Colony. Andrea U. De Giorgi 6. The archaeology of Fregellae: an update Francesca Diosono 7. One should always dress like a marble column (Jackie Kennedy-Onassis). New insights on the urbanism of Alba Fucens Cécile Evers Part III. Not your standard Roman town 8. From sanctuary to settlement. Mapping the development of Lucus Feroniae through geophysical prospection Stephen Kay, Sophie Hay & Christopher Smith 9. Septempeda: integrated approaches for revealing a ‘small town’ in Picenum Frank Vermeulen Part IV. Roman towns in the longue durée 10. Lunae: New Perspectives from Recent Archaeological Fieldwork Simonetta Menchelli, Paolo Sangriso, Silvia Marini & Rocco Marcheschi 11. Interamna Lirenas: how special? Alessandro Launaro 12. A Town and its Road: Aeclanum on the via Appia Ben Russell & Girolamo F. De Simone Part V. Late Antiquity and beyond 13. New archaeological perspective on Late Antique Aquileia Patrizia Basso 14. Bridging the gap. Bridging the gap: new data on the settlement continuity in Parma from the stone bridge Alessia Morigi 15. Conclusion: recent discoveries and new directions John Patterson

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Late Minoan III Necropolis of Armenoi, Crete (ca. 1390–1190 BC) is the only intact, complete Late Minoan necropolis presently known, of which 232 tombs have been excavated. The research project was the first large-scale genomic sampling of skeletal material from a single site in Bronze Age Greece, as well as being the first time a multi-disciplinary approach with ancient DNA as its focus has been conducted on a large, well-curated necropolis assemblage. As such it provides a unique opportunity to answer archaeological questions, the most important of which are kinship, an analysis of the origin and ancestry of those buried in the tombs, the homogeneity of the population or otherwise, and diet. The analysis programme was only possible because the tombs had not been seriously disturbed, and human skeletal remains had survived and been expertly conserved. The results of ancient DNA, stable isotope analysis, osteological analysis, and radiocarbon dating are presented, providing the first detailed record of ancestry and kinship in this iconic period of Eastern Mediterranean prehistory.In addition, the long-debated problem of the location of the wealthy city of da-*22-to, referred to many times in the Linear B tablets, is addressed and key evidence is presented. The rich finds in the Necropolis, the town excavation, and in the environs, support the interpretation that the ‘city’ that built the Necropolis is da-*22-to.Table of ContentsFigures and Tables Conventions and Abbreviations Chronology Acknowledgements Map of Site 1. Introduction 2. The Archaeology of the Late Minoan III Necropolis of Armenoi: an Introduction 3. The Bioarchaeological Analysis of Human and Faunal Skeletal Remains 4. Multi-isotopic Measurements of Human Remains at the Late Minoan III Necropolis of Armenoi 5. The Archaeological Significance of the DNA and Stable Isotope Results 6. The Identification of da-*22-to 7. The Archaeological Evidence which Supports the Identification of the Late Minoan III City of Armenoi as da-*22-to

Read more less

Book SynopsisFrom 1985 to 2001, the collaborative research initiative known as the Bannu Archaeological Project conducted archaeological explorations and excavations in the Bannu region, in what was then the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan, now Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. This Project involves scholars from the Pakistan Heritage Society, the British Museum, the Institute of Archaeology (UCL), Bryn Mawr College and the University of Cambridge.This is the third in a series of volumes that present the final reports of the exploration and excavations carried out by the Bannu Archaeological Project. This volume presents the first synthesis of the archaeology of the historic periods in the Bannu region, spanning the period when the first large scale empires expanded to the borders of South Asia up until the arrival of Islam in the subcontinent at the end of the first and beginning of the second millennium BC. The Bannu region provides specific insight into early imperialism in South Asia, as throughout this protracted period, it was able to maintain a distinctive regional identity in the face of recurring phases of imperial expansion and integration.Table of Contents1. At the edge of empires: the Bannu basin from 1000 BC to AD 1200 2. Environment and settlement in the Bannu basin from 1000 BC to AD 1200 3. Historical context of the Bannu basin from 1000 BC to AD 1200 4. Empire and resistance in the borderlands from 1000 BC to AD 1200 5. The Bannu Archaeological Project excavations at Akra and Ter Kala Dheri 6. Ceramics from Akra: raw materials and fabrics 7. Ceramics of the first millennium BC from Akra 8. Ceramics of the first and early second millennium AD from Akra 9. Small finds from Akra 10. Chronology of Akra and Ter Kala Dheri 11. Resistance at the edge of empires: the Bannu basin from 1000 BC to AD 1200 Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisDuring the late 1st millennium BC into the early 1st millennium AD, the small island of Unst in the far north of the Shetland (and British) Isles was home to well-established and connected farming and fishing communities. The Iron Age settlement at Milla Skerra was occupied for at least 500 years before it was covered with storm-blown sand and abandoned. Although part of it had been lost to the sea, excavation revealed many details of the life of the settlement and how it was reused over many generations. From the middle of the 1st millennium BC people were constructing stone-walled yards and filling them with hearth waste and midden material. Later inhabitants built a house on top, with a paved floor and successive hearths, and more domestic rubbish accumulated inside it. Outside were new yards and workshops for crafts and metalworking, which were remodelled several times. The buildings fell into disrepair and became a dumping ground for domestic waste until the 2nd or 3rd century AD, when sand buried the settlement. Within a few generations, a man was buried beside the ruins along with some striking objects. Thousands of artefacts and environmental remains from Milla Skerra reveal the everyday practices and seasonal rhythms of the people that lived in this windswept and remote island settlement and their connections to both land and sea.Trade ReviewThe report is far from a dry description of contexts and discoveries. When we read that before construction of a yard commenced, 'someone set a painted pebble on the surface', or that a well-worn paving slab 'may have been a favourite warm seat', the past is brought intimately to life. Who needs reconstruction drawings when there are wonderfully evocative desceriptions such as these? * Current Archaeology *Table of ContentsList of figures List of tables Acknowledgements Summary 1. Uncovering Milla Skerra Olivia Lelong 2. The life and death of Milla Skerra Olivia Lelong 3. Refining interpretations of the archaeological deposits Brendan Derham, Clare Ellis and Jo McKenzie 4. Fires and food at Milla Skerra Ruby Cerón-Carrasco, Brendan Derham, Jennifer Miller, Susan Ramsay and Catherine Smith 5. The making, using and breaking of pots Olivia Lelong and Beverley Ballin Smith 6. Craftwork at Milla Skerra: metalworking and bone, stone and iron tools Beverley Ballin Smith, Torben Bjarke Ballin, Ann Clarke, Amanda Forster, Martin Goldberg, Fraser Hunter, Richard Jones, Olivia Lelong, Dawn McLaren and Anthony Newton 7. Technologies of the self: painted pebbles, ornaments and the burial Martin Goldberg and Fraser Hunter, with contributions by Paul Duffy, Katharina Dulias, Ceiridwen J. Edwards and Amanda Forster 8. Rhythms of life at Milla Skerra Olivia Lelong Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume charts the radical transformation of an inner city neighbourhood in late antique Carthage which was excavated over a five-year period by a team from the University of Cambridge. Bordering the main thoroughfare leading from the Brysa Hill to the ports, the neighbourhood remained primarily a residential one from the second century until 530s AD when a substantial basilica was constructed over the eastern half of the insula. Further extensive modifications were made to the basilica half-a-century later when the structures on the western half of the insula were demolished and the basilica greatly enlarged with the addition of a new east-west aisles, a large monumental baptistery and a crypt. By carefully reconstructing the complex architectural plan of this innovative building, this study shows how the re-modelled Bir Messaouda basilica was transformed into a major pilgrimage centre overturning established tradition that located such complexes outside the city walls. The Bir Messaouda basilica provides important insights into the transition between Vandal and Byzantine control of the city, the development of a new Christian inter-mural urban landscape in the sixth century AD, and the significance of the pilgrimage in reinforcing ecclesiastical authority in post-Justinianic North Africa.Trade Review…provides very thoughtful assessment of current approaches to the archaeology of 6th-century Christianity within North Africa. * Medieval Archaeology *Table of ContentsBackground and acknowledgments Richard Miles 1. Late Antique Carthage: archaeological and historical contexts Richard Miles 2. The early history of Bir Messaouda: Punic and Roman Simon Greenslade and Richard Miles 3. The transition of Bir Messaouda in the early to mid-6th century AD Simon Greenslade and Richard Miles 4. The transition of Bir Messaouda in the later 6th century AD Simon Greenslade and Richard Miles 5. The baptistery and crypt Simon Greenslade and Richard Miles 6. The later history of the basilica Simon Greenslade and Richard Miles 7. The 6th-century mosaics at Bir Messaouda Jane Chick 8. Plaster Claudia Goodbrand 9. The glass from the excavation at Bir Messaouda Sylvia Fünfschilling 10. The Bir Messaouda pottery Claudia Goodbrand Appendix 1 11. The coins Stefan Krmnicek 12. Metal building materials, personal and utilitarian objects and other small metal finds Ralf Bockmann 13. Ceramic building material from the Bir Messaouda Excavations 2000–2002 Philip Mills 14. The stone finds Ben Croxford Appendix 1: The marble typology Appendix 2: Catalogue of illustrated finds 15. Conclusions Richard Miles Appendix: The search for the Maritime Forum of Carthage John Whitehouse and Sami Harize Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis is the second volume arising from the 1994–2003 excavations of the Triconch Palace at Butrint (Albania), which charted the history of a major Mediterranean waterfront site from the 2nd to the 15th centuries AD. The sequence (Butrint 3: Excavations at the Triconch Palace: Oxbow, 2011) included the development of a palatial late Roman house, followed by intensive activity between the 5th and 7th centuries involving domestic occupation, metal-working, fishing and burial. The site saw renewed activity from the 10th century, coinciding with the revival of the town of Butrint, and for the following 300 years continued in intermittent use associated with its channel-side location.This volume reports on the finds from the site (excluding the pottery), which demonstrate the ways in which the lives, diet and material culture of a Mediterranean population changed across the arc of the late Roman and Medieval periods. It includes discussion of the environmental evidence, the human and faunal remains, metal-working evidence, and the major assemblages of glass, coins and small finds, giving an insight into the health, subsistence base and material culture of the population of a Mediterranean site across more than 1000 years. The findings raise important questions regarding the ways in which changes in the circumstances of the town affected the population between Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. They illustrate in particular how an urban Roman centre became more rural during the 6th century with a population that faced major challenges in their health and living conditions.Trade ReviewRigour of method and intelligence of archaeological reading make this book an excellent example of how, from the 'little forgotten things' (to take up the title of a famous text by an American archaeologist), you can think about history in its broadest sense. * Archeologia Medievale *Table of ContentsPreface – William Bowden and Richard Hodges Introduction – William Bowden Summary of the excavated sequence The archaeological sequence and the material evidence An investigation of the subsistence base at Butrint: the archaeobotanical evidence – Alexandra Livarda and John Giorgi Sampling and processing methods Results Discussion Concluding remarks The faunal remains – William Bowden, Zoe Knapp, Adrienne Powell, and James Westoby Introduction Methods The assemblage The Roman/late antique period (Phases 1 to 10): 3rd century to early 7th century Age structure and husbandry practices at the late antique Triconch Palace and Merchant’s House areas The medieval period (Phases 12 to 15): early 10th century to 15th century and later Age structure and husbandry practices at the medieval Triconch Palace and Merchant’s House areas Discussion Conclusion The human skeletons from the Triconch Palace and the Merchant’s House – Jared Beatrice, Todd Fenton, Carolyn Hurst, Lindsey Jenny, Jane Wankmiller, Michael Mutolo, Christina Rauzi, and David Foran Introduction Demographic profile: the Triconch Palace and Merchant’s House skeletons The spatial arrangement of the skeletons Skeletal palaeopathology Discussion: living conditions at late antique and medieval Butrint Conclusion: life and death at late antique and medieval Butrint Metalworking at the Triconch Palace and the analysis of slags and waste – Patrice de Rijk Introduction Iron working Copper alloy working Silica-rich slag Other finds Conclusion The ancient and early medieval coins from the Triconch Palace c. 2nd century BC to c. AD 600 – T. Sam N. Moorhead Introduction The condition of the coins Coins per period Deposition of coins Mints Discussion by period Possible hoards Conclusion The middle and late Byzantine, medieval and early modern coins – Pagona Papadopoulou Byzantine coins (9th to 13th century) Non-Byzantine coins (late 10th to 12th century) Conclusion The small finds – John Mitchell Introduction 1. Silver artefacts 2. Copper alloy artefacts 3. Iron artefacts 4. The iron nails 5. Lead artefacts 6. Glass artefacts 7. Stone artefacts 8. Ceramic artefacts 9. Worked ivory and bone The vessel glass from the Triconch Palace: a catalogue – Sarah Jennings, with additional contributions from William Bowden and Karen Stark Introduction The glass as deposited The catalogue The Triconch Palace and Merchant’s House as lived environments in late antiquity – William Bowden The domus and Triconch Palace (pre-AD 425: Phases 1 to 4) The 5th-century domestic occupation (AD 425–500: Phases 5 to 6) The ‘ruralisation’ of the Triconch Palace? (AD 500–50: Phases 7 to 8) Blacksmiths and burials (AD 550–650: Phases 9–10) Living and dying in later 6th-century Butrint The Triconch Palace and the archaeology of late antiquity Conclusion Living and dying at the Triconch Palace in the Middle Ages – William Bowden Abandonment (mid-7th to early 10th century: Phase 11) Urban renewal, soldiers and stock rearing? (10th to 12th century: Phases 12 to 13a) Diminishing activity and the severing of the channel link (c. 12th to 14th century: Phases 13b to 14a) A small Venetian garrison? (c. later 14th to 16th century: Phases 14b to 15) Appendices 4.1. The human skeletal remains: supplementary material – Jared Beatrice 4.2. Summary of the human skeletal remains from the Baptistery – Jared Beatrice 6.1. Catalogue of coins from the Triconch Palace and Merchant’s House, up to c. AD 600 – T. Sam N. Moorhead 6.2. Excavated coins by context and period – T. Sam N. Moorhead 7.1. Catalogue of coins from the Triconch Palace and Merchant’s House 9th to 17th century – Pagona Papadopoulou

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis second volume on Early Cycladic (and Cycladicising) sculptures found in the Aegean, examines finds from mainland Greece, along with the rarer items from the north and east Aegean, with the exception of those discovered in the Cyclades (covered in the preceding volume), and of those found in Crete. The significance of these finds is that these are the principal testimonies of the influence of the Early Bronze Age Cycladic cultures in the wider Aegean. This influence is shown both by the export of sculptures produced in the Cyclades (and made of Cycladic marble), and of their imitations, produced elsewhere in the Aegean, usually of local marble. They hold the key, therefore, to the cultural interactions developing at this time, the so-called ‘international spirit’ manifest particularly during the Aegean Early Bronze II period.This was the time when the foundations of early Aegean civilisation were being laid, and the material documented is thus of considerable significance. The volume is divided into sections wherein contributions examine finds and their archaeological, social, and economic contexts from specific regions. It concludes with an overview of the significance and role of these objects in Early Bronze Age societies of the Aegean and eastern Mediterranean region. This will be the first time that this material has been systematically gathered together. Highly illustrated, it follows and builds on the successful preceding volume, Early Cycladic Sculpture in Context (Oxbow 2016).Trade ReviewAll papers are well illustrated, and the commendable practice of showing all figurine illustrations at a common scale of 1:2 is continued from the previous volumes […] Ultimately, the material presented in this volume adds interestingly to the corpus of soundly documented items [...] * Journal of Greek Archaeology *Altogether the three conference volumes on early Cycladic sculpture 'in context' are of inestimable value […] For anyone interested in early Cycladic or Cycladic idol sculpture, the book is therefore indispensable. * Gnomon *Table of ContentsList of contributors Abbreviations List of figures List of tables Preface 1 Introduction Colin Renfrew Before the Bronze Age 2 Past in the past: examples of Neolithic figurines from mainland Greece and Early Cycladic anthropomorphic imagery Fanis Mavridis Attica 3 An Early Cycladic figurine from the Acropolis of Athens Lena Papazoglou-Manioudaki Appendix: optical examination of a Cycladic-type marble figurine from the Acropolis and vessels from Makronisos in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens Dimitris Tambakopoulos & Yannis Maniatis 4 Aghios Kosmas revisited: the Cycladic figurines from the Early Helladic site at Aghios Kosmas in Attica Katerina Kostanti & Alexandra Christopoulou 5 Two Cycladic figurines from subterranean Chamber III, in the Early Helladic settlement at Koropi, eastern Attica Olga Kakavogianni 6 Cycladic figurines from Tsepi, Marathon Maria Pantelidou Gofa 7 Fragment of an Early Cycladic folded-arm figurine from the acropolis of Brauron Konstantinos Kalogeropoulos 8 An Early Helladic figurine from Loutsa, Attica Maria Stathi 9 A schematic figurine from the area of Kephissos in Aegaleo, Αthens Eleni Asimakou 10 A figurine from a tomb at Mandra in western Attica Kalliopi Papangeli 11 A fragmentary Cycladic figurine from Nea Kephisia, Attica Theodora Georgousopoulou 12 Cycladic-type figurines from the Early Helladic cemetery of Asteria at Glyfada, Attica Konstantina Kaza-Papageorgiou Appendix: the bioarchaeological context of the Asteria figurines Eleanna Prevedorou Peloponnese 13 Early Cycladic sculpture from Delpriza in the southern Argolid Angeliki Kossyva 14 Cycladic figurine from the sanctuary of Apollo Maleatas in Epidauria Vassilis Lambrinoudakis 15 A Cycladic figurine from Upper Epidaurus Christos Piteros 16 An Early Cycladic figurine from a Late Protogeometric burial context in Argos Evangelia Pappi North Aegean, Boeotia, Euboea, Phthiotis and Skyros 17 Early Bronze Age schematic figurines from Thermi on Lesbos Olga Philaniotou 18 A comment on a Cycladic figurine in the Archaeological Museum of Thebes Eleni Andrikou 19 Cycladic figurines from Euboea Efi Sapouna-Sakellaraki 20 Manika revisited: a recontextualisation of Euboean Cycladica in the light of new research Adamantios Sampson & Athena Hadji 21 Cycladic marble figurines from the Early Bronze Age cemetery at Nea Styra, Euboea Maria Kosma 22 Cycladica from the settlement at Palamari on Skyros Liana Parlama 23 Conspicuous consumption in the settlement context of Early Bronze Age Proskynas in East Lokris, central Greece Eleni Zahou Dodecanese and Asia Minor littoral 24 Early Cycladic figurines from Vathy, Astypalaia Andreas Vlachopoulos & Anastasia Angelopoulou 25 Early Cycladic II and Early Bronze II finds from the Dodecanese: the case of the island of Kos Toula Marketou 26 Αn Early Cycladic anthropomorphic figurine from the Archaeological Museum of Rhodes Athena Hadji 27 Local and imported in action: western Anatolian and Cycladic figurines at Early Bronze Age Miletus Ourania Kouka 28 3rd-millennium BC anthropomorphic figurines of western Anatolia, a comparative view. Towards a better understanding of the origins and meanings of Cycladic figurines Rıza Tuncel & Vasıf Şahoğlu New discoveries in the Cyclades 29 Sculptures from the Papaoikonomou property on Ano Kouphonisi Irini Legaki, Colin Renfrew, Michael Boyd & Eugenia Orfanidou Early Cycladic Sculpture in Perspective 30 Early Cycladic sculpture beyond the Cyclades: the Aegean context Colin Renfrew, Michael Boyd & Marisa Marthari Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis latest volume in the TRAC Themes in Theoretical Roman Archaeology series takes up posthuman theoretical perspectives to interpret Roman material culture. These perspectives provide novel and compelling ways of grappling with theoretical problems in Roman archaeology producing new knowledge and questions about the complex relationships and interactions between humans and non-humans in Roman culture and society. Posthumanism constitutes a multitude of theoretical positions characterised by common critiques of anthropocentrism and human exceptionalism. In part, they react to the dominance of the linguistic turn in humanistic sciences. These positions do not exclude “the human”, but instead stress the mutual relationship between matter and discourse. Moreover, they consider the agency of “non-humans”, e.g., animals, material culture, landscapes, climate, and ideas, their entanglement with humans, and the situated nature of research. Posthumanism has had substantial impacts in several fields (including critical studies, archaeology, feminist studies, even politics) but have not yet emerged in any fulsome way in Classical Studies and Classical Archaeology. This is the first volume on these themes in Roman Archaeology, aimed at providing valuable perspectives into Roman myth, art and material culture, displacing and complicating notions of human exceptionalism and individualist subjectivity. Contributions consider non-human agencies, particularly animal, material, environmental, and divine agencies, critiques of binary oppositions and gender roles, and the Anthropocene. Ultimately, the papers stress that humans and non-humans are entangled and imbricated in larger systems: we are all post-human.Table of ContentsI. Irene Selsvold and Lewis Webb (University of Gothenburg, Sweden): Introduction II. Linnea Åshede (University of Gothenburg, Sweden): Priapus can be anything: Bodies without borders in Roman art. III. Filippo Carlà-Uhink (PH Heidelberg, Germany): Posthuman ambitions and forms of self-representation in the Roman Principate: The cases of Caligula and Nero. IV. Vladimir Mihajlovic (University of Novi Sad, Serbia): The agency of Roman funerary monuments: from human to incarnated (biographical) entity? V. Ariana Zapelloni Pavia (University of Michigan, USA): The materiality of ritual: the use of votive offerings to unravel ancient ritual practices. VI. Lewis Webb (University of Gothenburg, Sweden): Semiviri vates: Posthuman visions of early Roman encounters with the Galli. VII. Naomi Sykes and Holly Miller (University of Nottingham, UK): Animals of Empire – the trade, management and cultural meaning of fallow deer. VIII. Lisa Lodwick (University of Reading/University of Oxford, UK): Exploring plant agency in the Roman world: Plants and people in Roman Britain. IX. Jay Ingate (University of Kent, UK): Two parts Hydrogen, Oxygen one? Re-evaluating the nature of water in the Roman city. X. Irene Selsvold (University of Gothenburg, Sweden): Roman archaeology and the Anthropocene. XI. Oliver Harris (University of Leicester, UK): Closing discussion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis study reconstructs twelfth-century sculptural and architectural finds, found during the restoration of the Perpendicular Great Cloister of Christ Church, Canterbury, as architectural screens constructed around 1173. It proposes that the screens provided monastic privacy and controlled pilgrimage to the Altar of the Sword's Point in the Martyrdom, the site of Archbishop Thomas Becket's murder in 1170.Excavations in the 1990s discovered evidence of a twelfth-century tunnel leading to the Martyrdom under the crossing of the western transept. Construction would have required rebuilding the crossing stairs and the screens flanking the crossing. The roundels, portraying lions, devils, a 'pagan', Jews, and a personification of the synagogue, are reconstructed on the south side of the crossing as a screening wall framing the entrance to this tunnel. The quatrefoils with images of Old Testament prophets are reconstructed as a rood screen on the west side of the crossing. In the Martyrdom, a screen is proposed with perhaps the earliest known sculptural representation of Thomas Becket. The rood screen, located behind the Altar of the Holy Cross, would have provided a visual focus during Mass, monastic processions, and sermons, especially during Christmas and Holy Week. The row of prophets, pointing upwards at the Rood, would have functioned as the visual equivalent of the dialogue of the ‘Ordo prophetarum’ that predicted the Messiah as proof to Jews and other unbelievers of Christian redemption. The roundels, just around the corner on the south screening wall, can be interpreted as representing the unbelieving Other and forces of evil warning pilgrims to seek penance at the altar of the newly canonized St Thomas.In addition to this new interpretation, a catalog raisonné and an account of the discovery of the finds offers material for future research that has been unavailable to previous studies. All the finds were photographed by the author as the restoration progressed;16 pieces of which have since been lost, making some of the unpublished photographs essential evidence of the archaeological record.Trade ReviewThis book will be essential for any student of late 12th-century sculpture. * Medieval Archaeology *The sculptural finds dramatically illustrate the seamless nature of European art and society in Romanesque times; a society joined, not separated, by the Channel. * Current Archaeology *This book should stimulate new discussions on the topography of this extraordinary cult, by far the most famous in western Europe. * British Archaeology *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of illustrations Part I Screens and the Cult of St Thomas Introduction 1. Previous studies and the location of the finds The king reliefs Earlier scholarship Prior Chillenden’s constructions Conclusion 2. Dating of the sculpture and architectural fragments Carving techniques Figurative sculpture Foliage decoration Architectural motifs Regional impact Conclusion 3. Christ Church, Canterbury (1170–1175) Becket’s murder in the north arm of the transept Analysis of Gervase’s description Crossing of the western transept South arm of the transept North arm of the transept (the Martyrdom) Late twelfth-century alterations in the crossing Prior Odo (1168–1175) Pilgrimage (1171–1175) Conclusion 4. Reconstruction of the screens in the western transept The Martyrdom North–south partitioning screen and north screen East side of partitioning screen and north screen West side of partitioning screen Southern entrance to the tunnel Excavations South screen East side of the crossing Rood screen Conclusion 5. The quatrefoils: prophecy and the theology of redemption The gestures of the prophets The rood screen as a liturgical focus Prophetic testimony in images and texts Liturgical drama Ysagoge in Theologiam Inscribed images of prophets and liturgical texts The Incarnation: Advent and Christmas Mass at the Altar of the Holy Cross The Passion: Holy Week Conclusion 6. The roundels: the Church’s Other Lions, demons, Jews and a pagan Synagoga The unbeliever Canterbury’s Jewish community Conclusion Conclusion Plates, Reconstructions Part II Twelfth-Century Finds from the Perpendicular Great Cloister Introduction to the catalogue Catalogue A. Statue segments B. Quatrefoils C. Roundels D. Shaft-rings E. Arch elements Hood-moulds and head-stops Beaded hood-moulds Voussoirs F. String-course and related elements G. Capitals and base H. Purbeck elements Comparative charts with dimensions of the limestone finds Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume investigates the interaction between the natural environment, market forces and political entities in an ancient Sicilian town and its surrounding micro-region over the time-span of a thousand years. Focusing on the ancient polis of Kale Akte (Caronia) and the surrounding Nebrodi area on the north coast of Sicily, the book examines the city’s archaeology and history from a broad geographical and cultural viewpoint, suggesting that Kale Akte may have had a greater economic importance for Sicily and the wider Mediterranean world than its size and lowly political status would suggest. Also discussed is the gradual population shift away from the hill-top down to a growing harbour settlement at Caronia Marina, at the foot of the rock.The book is particularly important for the comprehensive analysis of the 1999–2004 excavations at the latter, with fresh interpretations of the function of the buildings excavated and their chronology, as well for reviewing the present state of our knowledge about Kale Acte/Calacte, and defining research questions for the future. The archaeological material at the heart of this study comes from excavations at the site conducted by the author. It is one of the few detailed publications from Sicily of Hellenistic and Roman amphora material.The conclusions about changing trends of commercial production and exchange will be of interest to those working on ceramic material elsewhere in Sicily and indeed further afield. The study also offers a fresh perspective of the economic history of ancient Sicily. The origins of Kale Akte and its alleged foundation by the exiled Sikel leader, Ducetius, in the fifth century BC, are also discussed in the light of the latest archaeological discoveries. An Italian summary of each chapter is also included.Table of ContentsList of contents Chapter 1 The Settlements Chapter 2 The territory: resources and communications Chapter 3 Archaeological research at Caronia and Caronia Marina Chapter 4 The material evidence Chapter 5 Production and supply at Kale Akte and in Sicily Chapter 6 Trade and production mechanisms ay Kale Akte and on the South Tyrrhenian Chapter 7 From trading post to rural village Appendix 1 Methodological problems and quantification of finds Appendix 2 Amphorae from Caronia and Caronia Marina: thin section analysis Catalogue of finds Catalogue of fabrics Notes Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe chronological disjuncture, LBK longhouses have widely been considered to provide ancestral influence for both rectangular and trapezoidal long barrows and cairns, but with the discovery and excavation of more houses in recent times is it possible to observe evidence of more contemporary inspiration. What do the features found beneath long mounds tell us about this and to what extent do they represent domestic structures. Indeed, how can we distinguish between domestic houses or halls and those that may have been constructed for ritual purposes or ended up beneath mounds? Do so called 'mortuary enclosures' reflect ritual or domestic architecture and did side ditches always provide material for a mound or for building construction? This collection of papers seeks to explore the interface between structures often considered to be those of the living with those for the dead.Trade ReviewThis electic collection of essays derives from a Neolithic Studies Group seminar held in 2018, and is informed by a wealth of new data. * British Archaeology *As a collection, these papers very forcefully stress the novelty, diversity and creative recombination that is involved in monument construction in the Neolithic ... Because of its thematic unity and the range of case studies, this is a volume that will enrich the bookshelf of any Neolithic scholar. * Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society *The strength of this volume lies in the way that these local, contingent histories are brought out so that the kind of principles to which Healy refers can be appreciated * Archaeological Journal *Table of ContentsForeword by Timothy Darvill and Kenneth Brophy Preface and acknowledgements by Alistair Barcklay, David Field and Jim Leary List of contributors 1. Schrödinger’s Cat: Houses for the living and the dead. Jim Leary, David Field and Alistair Barclay 2. Hypogea and the clubhouse: Neolithic Malta’s houses of the living and houses of the dead. Robert P. Barratt, Caroline Malone, T. Rowan McLaughlin and Eóin W. Parkinson 3. Houses of the living, houses of the dead: A view from the Polish lowlands. Joanna Pyzel 4. ‘Cicéron c’est Poincaré’. Dealing with geometry: Neolithic house plans and the earliest monuments. Philippe Chambon 5. The dead and the Linearbandkeramik longhouse. Penny Bickle 6. The long and short of it: Memory and practice in the Early Neolithic of Britain and Ireland. Alasdair Whittle 7. Measuring up: Longhouses, enclosures or mounds? Roy Loveday 8. Houses foundational: Gathering histories at Dorstone Hill, Herefordshire. Keith Ray and Julian Thomas 9. New work on long barrows in Lincolnshire. Denise Drury and Tim Allen 10. A dialogue with the dead? The relationship between an Early Neolithic rectangular timber building and a chambered tomb on Holy Island, Anglesey, north-west Wales. Jane Kenney 11. House of the living, house of the dead: An open and shut case from Ballyglass, Co. Mayo? Jessica Smyth 12. Shaky foundations: Romantic nationalism and the development of the ‘Irish model’ of Neolithic settlement. Andrew Whitefield 13. Structure, metaphor and funerary practices in Neolithic Scotland. Alison Sheridan 14. The state of play. Frances Healy

Read more less

Book SynopsisDid the Exodus occur? This question has been asked in biblical scholarship since its origin as a modern science. The desire to resolve the question scientifically was a key component in the funding of archaeological excavations in the nineteenth century. Egyptian archaeologists routinely equated sites with their presumed biblical counterpart. Initially, it was taken for granted that the Exodus had occurred. It was simply a matter of finding the archaeological data to prove it. So far, those results have been for naught.The Exodus: An Egyptian Story takes a very real-world approach to understanding the Exodus. It is not a story of cosmic spectaculars that miraculously or coincidentally occurred when a people prepared to leave Egypt. There are no special effects in the telling of this story. Instead, the story is told with real people in the real world doing what real people do.Peter Feinman does not rely on the biblical text and is not trying to prove that the Bible is true. He places the Exodus within Egyptian history based on the Egyptian archaeological record. It is a story of the rejection of the Egyptian cultural construct and defiance of Ramses II. Egyptologists, not biblical scholars, are the guides to telling the Exodus story. What would you expect Ramses II to say after he had been humiliated? If there is an Egyptian smoking gun for the Exodus, how would you recognize it? To answer these questions requires us to take the Exodus seriously as a major event at the royal level in Egyptian history.Trade ReviewThe book is a reminder that myths and legends survive far longer than historical facts and can even shape the destinies of people living three millennia later. ⭐⭐⭐⭐ * Fortean Times *Table of Contents1. The Egyptological Search for the Exodus 2. Egypt, Egyptology, and the Exodus: The Egyptian Cultural Construct 3. The Hyksos: The People of the 400 Year Sojourn 4. The Hyksos: The Triumph and Defeat of Apophis 5. Ramses, the Pharaoh of the Exodus 6. The Exodus 7. Post-Exodus Stress Disorder

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe papers in Karia and the Dodekanese, Vol. I, focus on regional developments and interregional relations in western Asia Minor and the Dodekanese during the Late Classical and Early Hellenistic period. Throughout antiquity, this region was a dynamic meeting place for eastern and western civilizations. Cultural achievements of exceptional and everlasting importance, including significant creations of ancient Greek literature, philosophy, art and architecture, originated in the coastal cities of western Anatolia and the adjoining Aegean islands.In the fourth century BC, the eastern cities experienced a new economic boom, and a revival of Archaic culture, sometimes termed ‘The Ionian Renaissance’, began. The cultural revival furthered rebuilding of old major works such as the Artemision at Ephesos, the embellishment of sanctuaries and a new royal architecture, such as the Maussolleion at Halikarnassos. The rich cultural revival was initially promoted by the satrapal family of the Hekatomnids in Karia and in particular by its most famous member, Maussollos, whose influence was not confined to Asia Minor, but included the Dodekanese islands Kos and Rhodos. Partly under the influence of the Karian satrapy, a number of cities were founded on a new common urban model in Rhodos, Halikarnassos, Priene, Knidos and Kos. When Alexander the Great conquered the satrapies in western Asia Minor in 334 BC, the culture initially promoted at the satrapal courts was carried on by gifted thinkers, poets and architects, preparing the way for Hellenistic cultural centres such as Alexandria.Trade ReviewThe diversity of approaches and evidence discussed is consistently stimulating, and the reader gains an insight into the range of projects and methodologies currently being applied to illuminate the entwinement of mainland Anatolia with the communities of the neighbouring islands. * Bryn Mawr Classical Review *

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe first contacts between Greece, the Aegean and India are thought to have occurred at the beginning of the sixth century BC. There is now evidence of much earlier indirect connections, starting in the middle of the third millennium BC, but greatly diminishing after 1800 BC. These were initially between India with its Indus Civilisation (Meluḫḫa) and the Near East and then finally with the societies of the Early and Middle Bronze Age Aegean, with their slowly emerging palace-based economies and complex social structures. These connections point to a form of indirect or what might be called ‘trickle-down’ contact between the Aegean and India through objects, iconography and commodities, such as tin and lapis lazuli, that formed this contact.This book views the Aegean as part of a greater trade network, that includes commodities as well as more recently discovered objects, which accumulated added value as they fi rst built up a distinguished pedigree of ownership in the Near East and Syro-Palestine. It was the natural extension of trade between the Near East and India. In the Early to Late Bronze Ages, India was an important resource for valuable and indispensable commodities destined for the elites and developing technologies of much of the Old World.Finally, the period after the end of the Bronze Age to the time of Alexander the Great is examined and particularly after the sixth century, when Greeks were beginning to know about India. Within 200 years, India would be known to scholar and non-scholar alike, including those who witnessed the Persian invasions of Greece or who later became Macedonian and Greek foot soldiers marching east.Table of ContentsSummary The Author List of Table and Figures Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Prehistory: The Background The Harappan Civilisation Discovery The Decline of the Harappans Trade and Long Distance Exchange, Seafaring and Caravans Out of Meluḫḫa Farther Westwards The Harappans and Egypt Iconography Weights and Measures 2. Prehistory: The Evidence of Objects Pottery Kernoi Spiral Double Headed Pins Carnelian Beads Agate Seals and Beads Flat Disc Shaped Beads Other Beads Bronzes Pottery 3. Prehistory: The Evidence of Commodities The Role of Shortughai Organic Commodities Spices and Foodstuffs Wood Ivory Textiles Inorganic Commodities Lapis Lazuli: An Indian commodity Jade Gold: An Indian Commodity? Tin: Another Indian commodity 4. Prehistory: A Conclusion Earlier Work Summary of the Evidence 5. From the Iron Age to Alexander the Great The Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age Transition From the Sixth Century BC Greeks in Ancient Sanskrit Literature Early Geographers and Historians Religion and Philosophy Greeks, Macedonians and their Legacy in India Appendix 1. Indica of Ctesias of Cnidus Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisA study of archaeology and the early Church in Greece is long overdue. So far, no book has been published in English that examines the growth of Christianity in southern Greece from New Testament times until the medieval period, taking into account both contemporary theological expertise and a detailed knowledge of the numerous and exciting current archaeological excavations. Situated between Israel and Italy, Greece is now yielding vital evidence of the development of early Christianity. Mainland Greece and its surrounding islands is a vast region, and I have chosen to focus on an area rich in early Christian remains, namely the region stretching from Athens southwards.The book examines evidence relating to Christianity in New Testament times, particularly through the writings of St Paul and early theologians, and juxtaposes these texts with recent and current excavations at Corinth, with its twin ports of Kenchreai and Lechaion, and its chief sanctuary beyond the city at Isthmia, where St Paul worked during the celebration of the pan-Hellenic Games. Much of the excavation at Lechaion has been carried out underwater by divers pioneering new methods of preserving submerged material, since most of the harbour is entirely submerged.Later, particularly from the sixth century onwards, Christian basilicas were built throughout Greece. A number of these are examined, including those at Nemea and Epidaurus. Nemea provides unique evidence of an agricultural community guided by a bishop; numerous Christian artefacts have been excavated at the site. Epidaurus was honoured as the birthplace of the healing god Asclepius, and early Christians inherited and developed these healing skills in unexpected ways. At other locations, monks developed a wide variety of lifestyles that were little known in the Western Church. The archaeology of Christian sites in Greece is a new and unfolding discipline; this book will hopefully encourage scholars and students to take these studies further.Trade ReviewThe most important findings from archaeological sources are compiled and analysed within their local situation … and local sources are interwoven with a range of texts from different times and places. Through this approach the ancient ruins are filled with life and the continuous rise of Christianity within a multi-religious world becomes recognisable. A well-written book, providing the lay reader with an accessible account of the development of Christian communities in the Eastern Peloponnese and Athens until the 12th century AD. * Current World Archaeology *This well-illustrated publication sets out to describe the archaeological evidence for early Christianity in the NE Peloponnese, Attica and parts of central Greece ... The book is very accessible and shares some interesting observations and engagement with a range of evidence and contemporary views … Overall, the book reveals the deep respect that the author has for understanding the archaeology of the period in its topographic contexts. * Medieval Archaeology *Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1. Phoebe of Kenchreai: a generous woman Chapter 2. Early Christian Kenchreai Chapter 3. Paul at Isthmia: running for a victor’s crown Chapter 4. Early Christian Corinth: a troubled community Chapter 5. Lechaion: a martyrs’ shrine Chapter 6. Two rural churches: Nemea and Sikyon Chapter 7. Athens: a daughter church of Corinth Chapter 8. Healing Gods: Asclepius and Christ

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrinacria, the ancient name for Sicily extending back to Homeric Greek, has understandably been the focus of decades of archaeological research. Recognising Sicily’s rich prehistory and pivotal role in the history of the Mediterranean, Sebastiano Tusa - professor, head of heritage agencies and councillor for Cultural Heritage for the Sicilian Region - promoted the exploration of the island’s heritage through international collaboration. His decades of fostering research initiatives not only produced rich archaeological results spanning the Palaeolithic to the modern era but brought scholars from a range of schools and disciplines to work together in Sicily. Through his efforts, uniquely productive methodological, theoretical and interpretative networks were created. Their impact extends far beyond Sicily and Italy.To highlight these networks and their results, the Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, the Swedish Institute in Rome, the Norwegian Institute in Rome, the British School at Rome and the Assessorato dei Beni Culturali of Sicily, with generous support from the Swedish Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, assembled this anthology of papers. The aim is to present a selection of the work of and results from contemporary, multi-national research projects in Sicily.The collaboration between the Sicilian and international partners, often in an interdisciplinary framework, has generated important results and perspectives. The articles in this volume present research projects from throughout the island. The core of the articles is concerned with the Archaic through to the Roman period, but diachronic studies also trace lines back to the Stone Age and up to the contemporary era. A range of methods and sources are explored, thus creating an up-to-date volume that is a referential gateway to contemporary Sicilian archaeology.Trade ReviewI can only congratulate the organizers for a […] very beautifully printed volume. The work by foreign researchers in Sicily is very impressive and holds good hopes for the future, for a lively and successful archaeology * Opuscula *One must rejoice at the wide-ranging activities of so many international and cross-disciplinary collaborations, which have the potential to enhance significantly our knowledge of Sicily’s unique history and heritage. * Antiquity *Table of ContentsPreface (Valeria Li Vigni Tusa) List of contributors Introduction (Arja Karivieri, Peter Campbell, Kristian Göransson and Christopher Prescott) In memory of Sebastiano Tusa, 2 August 1952–10 March 2019 (Paola Pelagatti) 1. Topographical research and geophysical surveys at Naxos in Sicily 2012–2019 Maria Costanza Lentini, Jari Pakkanen and Apostolos Sarris 2. Francavilla di Sicilia: a Greek settlement in the hinterland of Naxos Kristian Göransson 3. The praedia Philippianorum: a late Roman estate at Gerace near Enna R. J. A. Wilson 4. Akrai, south-eastern Sicily: a multidisciplinary study on the impact of ancient humans on the natural landscape Roksana Chowaniec, Rafał Fetner, Girolamo Fiorentino, Anna Gręzak and Matilde Stella 5. The Marzamemi Maritime Heritage Project: from the seabed to the museum and beyond Justin Leidwanger, Elizabeth S. Greene, Leopoldo Repola and Fabrizio Sgroi 6. The Hellenistic house in motion: reflections on the CAP excavations at Morgantina (2014–2019) D. Alex Walthall 7. The Morgantina baths in their urban context Sandra K. Lucore 8. Sicily in the Iron Age and the concept of the Greek chora Johannes Bergemann with a contribution by Rebecca Diana Klug 9. The Himera Project of the University of Bern: a collaboration with the Parco Archeologico di Himera Elena Mango 10. Halaesa (Tusa, Messina): undertakings of the French Archaeological Mission, 2016–2019: the discovery of the theatre and problems in its excavation Michela Costanzi 11. The research project led by the University of Zurich on Monte Iato: the last 10 years Christoph Reusser 12. The gymnasion of Iaitas/Ietas discovered? New excavations in the eastern quarter on Monte Iato Martin Mohr 13. The Salemi Survey Project: the longue durée of interior western Sicily 1500 BC–AD 1500 Michael J. Kolb, Pierfrancesco Vecchio and Rossella Giglio 14. The ‘Archaeological Map of Lilybaeum’ Donatella Ebolese, Mauro Lo Brutto, Antonella Mandruzzato, Debora Oswald and Martina Seifert 15. Mapping cross-channel connections: the Arizona Sicily Project, preliminary report of the 2018 and 2019 seasons Emma Blake, Robert Schon and Rossella Giglio 16. The Battle of the Aegates Islands, 241 BC: mapping a naval encounter, 2005–2019 Sebastiano Tusa, Peter Campbell, Mateusz Polakowski, William M. Murray, Francesca Oliveri, Cecilia A. Buccellato, Adriana Fresina and Valeria Li Vigni 17. I.Sicily and Crossreads: a digital epigraphic corpus for ancient Sicily Jonathan R.W. Prag

Read more less