Law

On an August evening in 1928 May Donoghue entered a café in Paisley. The circumstances of her visit made legal history. A ginger beer was ordered for Mrs Donoghue who famously complained that, to her surprise and shock, a decomposed snail had tumbled from the bottle into her glass. Mrs Donoghue sued for the nervous shock she claimed to have suffered as a result. The question whether she had a case in law against the manufacturer of the ginger beer was argued as far as the House of Lords. It is hard to overstate the importance of the decision in Donoghue v Stevenson. It represents, perhaps, the greatest contribution made by English and Scottish lawyers to the development of the common law. This case made it clear that, even without a contract between the parties, a duty of care is owed by ‘A’ to take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which could reasonably be foreseen as likely to cause injury to his neighbour: ‘B’. This concept, developed by the great jurist Lord Atkin, has become known by the universal shorthand, ‘the neighbour principle’. Who, Lord Atkin asked rhetorically, is ‘in law’ my neighbour? This case provides the answer. This book tells the full story and provides vivid biographical sketches of the protagonists and of the great lawyers who were involved in the case. It sets the case in its historical context and re-evaluates the evidence. he constitutional importance of the case is also dealt with; the blow it struck for a moral approach to the law which departed from a rigid doctrine of precedent. Finally, the book investigates the influence of Donoghue v Stevenson across the common law world: from the USA to the countries of what is now the Commonwealth.

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Water supply privatization was emblematic of the neoliberal turn in development policy in the 1990s. Proponents argued that the private sector could provide better services at lower costs than governments; opponents questioned the risks involved in delegating control over a life-sustaining resource to for-profit companies. Private-sector activity was most concentrated—and contested—in large cities in developing countries, where the widespread lack of access to networked water supplies was characterized as a global crisis. In Privatizing Water, Karen Bakker focuses on three questions: Why did privatization emerge as a preferred alternative for managing urban water supply? Can privatization fulfill its proponents' expectations, particularly with respect to water supply to the urban poor? And, given the apparent shortcomings of both privatization and conventional approaches to government provision, what are the alternatives? In answering these questions, Bakker engages with broader debates over the role of the private sector in development, the role of urban communities in the provision of "public" services, and the governance of public goods. She introduces the concept of "governance failure" as a means of exploring the limitations facing both private companies and governments. Critically examining a range of issues—including the transnational struggle over the human right to water, the "commons" as a water-supply-management strategy, and the environmental dimensions of water privatization—Privatizing Water is a balanced exploration of a critical issue that affects billions of people around the world.

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Vital to the effective functioning of voluntary organisations is the trust of people - the beneficiaries, clients, regulators, donors, volunteers and paid staff. Open, fair and well-managed data protection practice is not just desirable in helping to achieve that trust, but essential. Get it wrong and there is reputational damage and costs attached. Data Protection for voluntary organisations will enable you to set a shining example of best practice and also comply with UK data legislation and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in force since 2018. This book will help you: * Understand the key principles and elements of data protection * Recognise your main responsibilities as a data controller * Distinguish when you can and can't retain data * Appreciate what the rights of the data subject are Who is this book for? A must-read for anyone in the UK voluntary sector who wants to get beyond tick-box data management. Invaluable to data managers or those who handle personal information such as IT, personnel, marketing and fundraising departments. For professional advisers, and academics it will also offers a valuable summary drawing out key data protection points by examining and interpreting the primary legislation.

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This sourcebook provides the first systematic overview of witchcraft laws and trials in Russia and Ukraine from medieval times to the late nineteenth century. Witchcraft in Russia and Ukraine, 1000–1900 weaves scholarly commentary with never-before-published primary source materials translated from Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian. These sources include the earliest references to witchcraft and sorcery, secular and religious laws regarding witchcraft and possession, full trial transcripts, and a wealth of magical spells. The documents present a rich panorama of daily life and reveal the extraordinary power of magical words. Editors Valerie A. Kivelson and Christine D. Worobec present new analyses of the workings and evolution of legal systems, the interplay and tensions between church and state, and the prosaic concerns of the women and men involved in witchcraft proceedings. The extended documentary commentaries also explore the shifting boundaries and fraught political relations between Russia and Ukraine.

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A landmark work of political and legal philosophy, Ronald Dworkin's Taking Rights Seriously was acclaimed as a major work on its first publication in 1977 and remains profoundly influential in the 21st century. A forceful statement of liberal principles - championing the legal, moral and political rights of the individual against the state - Dworkin demolishes prevailing utilitarian and legal-positivist approaches to jurisprudence. Developing his own theory of adjudication, he applies this to controversial public issues, from civil disobedience to positive discrimination. Elegantly written and cuttingly insightful, Taking Rights Seriously is one of the most important works of public thought of the last fifty years.

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Increase your efficiency, profits and client approval through the use of clear, modern English. This unique book debunks the myth that legalese is precise. Using many before-and-after examples, this book explains how you can increase your efficiency, profits and client approval while making your documents more readable and reliable. This third edition covers online communications and includes updated chapters on the common law rules of interpretation and: * what is good writing * how misunderstandings arise * translating and interpreting * an outline of how software can improve the clarity of your writing * the common law rules of interpretation. With a foreword by Lord Neuberger, this practical book also contains a number of useful precedents written in plain English to help you work better with clients and avoid potentially costly misunderstandings.

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Child abuse cases with hard-to-prove allegations pose challenges for all those who seek to protect the welfare of children. Helping courts, evaluators, guardians, and lawyers understand and work with difficult cases, Equivocal Child Abuse brings together insights, experience, and guidance from multiple sources to minimize unnecessary harm done to children and families. Exploring all facets of case management, the book discusses: Legal concepts and theory, the history of guardians ad litem, and the complexity of the processes involved in legal decision making How different court systems operate, the path of a case, and the roles of participants in custody cases The investigative process, the evaluation of report credibility, the use of videotape, perspectives of child custody evaluators, and sample investigations The testimony of expert witnesses, evaluators, guardians ad litem, and treating professionals; and the rules of evidence Hazards practitioners face in domestic relations and custody cases, including licensing issues, civil suit actions, and personal safety concerns Intervention options, such as supervised visitation, therapy for children, and mediation Mental health issues in case participants, including borderline personality disorder, narcissistic and related personality patterns, affective disorders, and substance abuse A working model for the forensic evaluator, with instructions on conducting the evaluation and reportage Filled with case studies to elucidate concepts, the book also contains appendices with recommended guidelines for interviewing children in cases of alleged sexual abuse, a line-by-line expert critique of a child interview, and other tools, making this volume a critical resource for all those who contend with these complex cases.

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'This book guides us expertly through the controversial area of originality, a concept which lies at the very foundation of copyright law, but which has never before been analysed in any depth as a topic in its own right. Originality has however now become a hot topic, given the controversial recent case law of the EU Court of Justice on it, and the manner in which some national courts in the EU are seeking to apply it, which makes this book especially timely.'- Trevor Cook, Bird & Bird LLP, UK'This text has been well drafted and documented, the legal analysis is sound and competent and the author manages to provide useful insights into UK and US law. She also manages to put her subject in perspective, taking into account the inevitable policy issues, which, however, could be extended to what the actual role of the court is in the much-debated EU copyright harmonisation. I strongly recommend reading this book.'- Irini Stamatoudi, European Intellectual Property ReviewFull harmonization of the copyright laws of EU Member States has long been a holy grail for copyright lawyers, but with the reality thus far being only limited harmonization resulting from ad-hoc legislative interventions, there are serious questions over the feasibility and indeed desirability of this goal. Notwithstanding, as this book makes eloquently clear, whilst legislative initiatives have been limited, the CJEU has been acting proactively, establishing through its decisional practice the de facto harmonization of an important principle of copyright: the originality requirement.Through an assessment of the originality requirement, this work guides the reader in interpreting judicial decisions which are of fundamental importance to current and future understanding of EU copyright. The book's holistic approach and methodology takes in analysis of; recent decisions of the CJEU in light of broader EU copyright reform debate; the implications of CJEU case law in Member States which have traditionally adopted different approaches to copyright (eg the UK); the originality requirement in EU, UK and continental Member States; recent UK decisions from an EU perspective; and academic copyright reform projects, both in Europe and the US.Originality in EU Copyright will appeal to academics, policymakers and EU officers, students, practitioners and in-house counsels.Contents: Foreword Table of Cases (in Chronological Order) Table of EU/EC/EEC Legislation (in Chronological Order) Table of EU/EC Policy Documents (in Chronological Order) Introduction 1. The Challenges of EU Copyright: 'United in Diversity' - Does it Work? 2. Originality as a Policy Tool: Shaping the Breadth of Protection 3. Originality in a Work, or a Work of Originality: The Effects of the Infopaq Decision 4. The CJEU Goes Ahead: The Decisions in Murphy, Painer, Football Dataco and SAS 5. Challenging the UK Understanding of Copyright: Originality and Subject-matter Categorization at the Forefront of the Debate 6. The Future of Copyright at the EU Level: The Shape of Harmonization Bibliography Index

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Keenan & Riches' Business Law is well known and highly regarded as a reliable and practical guide to the law as it applies to the world of business. The text combines a solid academic reputation with clear language and practical features designed to assist the non-specialist, making it a favourite choice of students and professionals. The eleventh edition has been thoroughly updated to incorporate recent legal changes including the European Union Act 2011, the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011, the Fixed Term Parliaments Act 2011, the Equality Act 2010 and changes in financial regulation as it affects companies. References to treaty articles have been renumbered to reflect changes made by the Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the Union. The new edition also presents current proposals for reform in areas of business law such as aspects of the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations, competition law, consumer rights and defamation.

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Joint Venture Strategies: Design, Bargaining, and the Law is a thoughtful approach to negotiating workable joint ventures. Significant detail is devoted to performing appropriate preparatory activities to improve the range of terms that could be considered in forging contractual agreements. The book sets realistic expectations for firms who might cooperate with partners by delineating the pitfalls of venturing and anticipating the posturing of potential parties with the objective of creating synergistic returns for all. Company examples inform their explanations of how to structure controls and share the benefits of working with partners. Special detail is devoted to the needs of venture capital and private equity investors. The book is necessary homework to be read before courting attractive opportunities through joint ventures.'- Kathryn Rudie Harrigan, Columbia Business School, USAlthough they have the potential to create synergies, joint ventures by their nature contain inherent risk. Therefore, each partner in a joint venture needs to incentivize each other in order to maximize its own payoff. Extensive pre-contractual and post-contractual bargaining is essential. This book provides successful bargaining strategies from the point of view of each partner company.Using a game theoretical framework to analyze joint venture strategy, it describes practical and legal issues that arise when creating synergies and incentive bargaining in a joint venture. With a particular focus on intellectual property law, including analysis based on many real cases, the book covers issues relating to creating synergies, corporate law issues of conflicts of interest, and antitrust law issues relating to cooperation between independent companies.Theoretically new and practically useful, Joint Venture Strategies will appeal to academics and practicing lawyers. From a corporate perspective, this book is essential for successful joint venture planning and strategy.

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Islamic finance distinguishes itself from conventional finance with its strong emphasis on the moral consequences of financial transactions; prohibiting interest, excessive uncertainty, and finance of harmful business. When it comes to risk mitigation, it is unique in its risk sharing approach.This authoritative book tracks the evolution of the takaful industry over the course of the last four decades and makes a major attempt to highlight the importance of risk sharing through a discussion of various models of cooperation and critical analysis of their performance, including illuminating case studies and a critical assessment of the Islamic insurance model and the role of alternate financing mechanisms. Its high level discourse on shari'ah compliance and its nuances places emphasis on the importance of solidarity, cooperation, mutuality and reciprocity.Scholars and practitioners working in Islamic Finance will appreciate the context and nuance of this important book, and it will be essential reading for anyone interested in alternative forms of shari'ah compliant cooperative finance. The book is equally vital for academics and researchers interested in understanding various takaful models and their shari'ah considerations.Contributors include: A. Abozaid, A.U.F. Ahmad, A. Akhtar, S.N. Ali, H. Allam, M. Ayub, M. Al Bashir Al Amine, A. Bhatty, J.W. Bradford, S.E.B. Carmody, M.A. El-Gamal, M. Faisal, M.F. Haq, I. Bin Mahbob, A. Nana, V. Nienhaus, S. Nisar, U.A. Oseni, M. Rahman, A. Rehman, M.A. Samad, B. Shafiq, H. Sultan, A.-R. Syed, T.A. Uddin

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In this reprint of Law's Empire,Ronald Dworkin reflects on the nature of the law, its given authority, its application in democracy, the prominent role of interpretation in judgement, and the relations of lawmakers and lawgivers to the community on whose behalf they pronounce. For that community, Law's Empire provides a judicious and coherent introduction to the place of law in our lives. Previously Published by Harper Collins. Reprinted (1998) by Hart Publishing.

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This casebook presents a deep comparative analysis of property law systems in Europe (ie the law of immovables, movables and claims), offering signposts and stepping stones for the reader wishing to explore this fascinating area. The subject matter is explained with careful attention given to its history, foundations, thought-patterns, underlying principles and basic concepts. The casebook focuses on uncovering differences and similarities between Europe's major legal systems: French, German, Dutch and English law are examined, while Austrian and Belgian law are also touched upon. The book combines excerpts from primary source materials (case law and legislation) and from doctrine and soft law. In doing so it presents a faithful picture of the systems concerned. Separate chapters deal with the various types of property rights, their creation, transfer and destruction, with security rights (such as mortgages, pledges, retention of title) as well as with harmonising and unifying efforts at the EU and global level. Through the functional approach taken by the Ius Commune Casebooks this volume clearly demonstrates that traditional comparative insights no longer hold. The law of property used to be regarded as a product of historical developments and political ideology, which were considered to be almost set in stone and assumed to render any substantial form of harmonisation or approximation very unlikely. Even experienced comparative lawyers considered the divide between common law and civil law to be so deep that no common ground - so it was thought - could be found. However economic integration, in particular integration of financial markets and freedom of establishment, has led to the integration of particular areas of property law such as mortgage law and enforceable security instruments (eg retention of title). This pressure towards integration has led comparative lawyers to refocus their interest from contract, tort and unjustified enrichment to property law and delve beneath its surface. This book reveals that today property law systems are closer to one another than previously assumed, that common ground can be found and that differences can be analysed in a new light to enable comparison and further the development of property law in Europe.

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‘Miscellany-at-Law was first published in 1955. It sought to include not only wise and witty sayings of the judges but also curiosities of lawyers and the law. ....The preface of Miscellany-at-Law included a frank confession of my ignorance of much that ought to have been included, particularly from overseas jurisdictions: and I uttered a gentle prayer that those who know better would lighten my darkness, the bounteous response was surprising as it was pleasant. With this rich harvest coupled with material for which I had found no convenient home in the book and the fruits of further researches and accidental discoveries of my own, there was enough matter ....for this further volume.’ Sir Robert Megarry

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The only all-encompassing guide to the law relating to international finance, this book is based on the author's university courses, referencing nearly all of the world's 320 jurisdictions - the first time the topic has been dealt with on such a worldwide comparative basis. Covering the three principal approaches - the policies of the law, the legal rules and the practical transactions - the book ensures students are presented with doctrine, data and deals, each of which throws light on the other. Students receive a panoramic view of international finance which not only has practitioner-based deals, but also elucidates the law on a global basis without being tied to any single jurisdiction. Contents include: Introduction to financial law. Jurisdictions of the world. Principles of world insolvency law. Bank term loans and syndicated credits. International bond issues and capital markets. Trusts in financial transactions. Set-off and netting. Payment and securities clearing systems. Security interests and title finance. Special financings: projects, acquisitions, real property, ships, aircraft. Securitisations. Derivatives. Regulation of international finance. Conflict of laws and international finance. Conclusion. Jurisdiction: International

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This new edition of Criminal Defence offers a step-by-step guide to practice and procedure in all of the criminal courts. It covers the process in detail, from the role of the defence solicitor, through to shaping a case at the police station, to preparing for trial and finally action after acquittal or conviction and sentence. It also contains specific chapters on youths and clients at a disadvantage. Based on up-to-date case law, it is a best practice guide to being a criminal solicitor and complements the goals of the Law Society's Criminal Law Accreditation Scheme.

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The Expert in Litigation and Arbitration provides the complete picture of the role and duties of the expert witness in the UK, Germany, France, Italy, USA, Australia, Hong Kong and China. With articles and chapters from leading practitioners around the world, the book looks at the role of the expert in many different disciplines and jurisdictions, examining topical issues such as the independent status of the expert and professional liability. This book looks at the role of experts in both arbitration and litigation, considering how experts are currently used in civil actions and what lessons can be learnt from this. With much practical advice for the inexperienced expert witness, it covers many of the pitfalls faced by experts, looking at the various situations that can arise either in court or before an arbitrator.

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Should laws about sex and pornography be based on social conventions about what is disgusting? Should felons be required to display bumper stickers or wear T-shirts that announce their crimes? This powerful and elegantly written book, by one of America's most influential philosophers, presents a critique of the role that shame and disgust play in our individual and social lives and, in particular, in the law. Martha Nussbaum argues that we should be wary of these emotions because they are associated in troubling ways with a desire to hide from our humanity, embodying an unrealistic and sometimes pathological wish to be invulnerable. Nussbaum argues that the thought-content of disgust embodies "magical ideas of contamination, and impossible aspirations to purity that are just not in line with human life as we know it." She argues that disgust should never be the basis for criminalizing an act, or play either the aggravating or the mitigating role in criminal law it currently does. She writes that we should be similarly suspicious of what she calls "primitive shame," a shame "at the very fact of human imperfection," and she is harshly critical of the role that such shame plays in certain punishments. Drawing on an extraordinarily rich variety of philosophical, psychological, and historical references--from Aristotle and Freud to Nazi ideas about purity--and on legal examples as diverse as the trials of Oscar Wilde and the Martha Stewart insider trading case, this is a major work of legal and moral philosophy.

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This textbook is a comprehensive and accessible guide to Trusts Law and has been thoroughly updated to reflect recent developments in the area. The authors bring a unique combination of academic rigour and hands-on commercial experience to the explanation of their subject and it is these practical insights which make the book essential reading for all law students. Many law students struggle with the concept of Trusts Law and it can take time to properly understand the complex body of rules that surround it. This book will help demystify some of these rules and put Trusts Law into a practical context, allowing students the time to develop a deep and critical understanding of the topic. This book is an ideal companion for both law undergraduate and GDL/CPE students. New to this Edition: - A new chapter on creating a trust

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What is human trafficking? This volume critically examines the competing discourses surrounding human trafficking, the conceptual basis of global responses and the impact of these horrific acts worldwide.

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A detailed and authoritative guide to the new law of land registration in Scotland as set out in the Land Registration etc (Scotland) Act 2012 and related secondary legislation.

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Affectionately know as the 'blue book', this definitive guide is written by two of the country's leading experts, and published by two of the leading organisations concerned with the protection of rights of way. The book analyses all the legislation affecting rights of way in England and Wales and explains the current legal lay of the land in contemporary and accessible terms. "The Blue Book" aims to state the law as at 1 October 2006, and is an essential work of reference for anyone whose work involves rights of way - either as a professional or as a volunteer - and is also a fascinating book for those interested the historical and contemporary usage of the unique network of public paths in England and Wales. The fourth edition has been completely revised. In this edition, two new chapters: The Management of Rights of Way; and Legal Action Over Rights of Way have been included. These draw together material previously distributed between other chapters. Substantial portions of the text have been re-written, and throughout the book we have reflected the many other changes in legislation over the last five years. History of "The Blue Book": "Rights of Way: A Guide to Law and Practice" was first published in 1983, following the implementation of the major changes to legislation made by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. It brought together in one publication material previously published separately by the RA and OSS, together with considerable additional new material, and proved popular with volunteers and professionals alike. A second edition followed in 1992, with a third edition in 2001 following the passage of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000.

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This practical guide demystifies health and safety in early years settings with a step-by-step guide to the law, compliance and practical application. Bringing together health and safety legislation and the welfare requirements within the revised Early Years Foundation Stage 2012, it successfully integrates health and safety within the EYFS. Including information taught on a variety of courses accredited by CACHE and BTEC, references to EYFS and Health and Safety legislation, specific guidance for childminders and audit tools for evaluation, it can be referred to as needs arise or used as an aid to inspection. This book is for all staff working within the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) or environmental health. It will be useful for auditing, improving standards and preparing for inspection and it offers a clear outline of responsibilities within the legislative framework. It could also be used for in-house training or workshops.

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No sitting federal judge has ever written so trenchant a critique of the federal judiciary as Richard A. Posner does in this, his most confrontational book. Skewering the politicization of the Supreme Court, the mismanagement of judicial staff, the overly complex system of appeals, the threat of originalism, outdated procedures, and the backward-looking traditions of law schools and the American judicial system, Posner has written a cri de coeur and a battle cry. With the prospect that the Supreme Court will soon be remade in substantial, potentially revanchist, ways, The Federal Judiciary exposes the American legal system’s most troubling failures in order to instigate much-needed reforms.Posner presents excerpts from legal texts and arguments to expose their flaws, incorporating his own explanation and judgment to educate readers in the mechanics of judicial thinking. This rigorous intellectual work separates sound logic from artful rhetoric designed to subvert precedent and open the door to oblique interpretations of American constitutional law. In a rebuke of Justice Antonin Scalia’s legacy, Posner shows how originalists have used these rhetorical strategies to advance a self-serving political agenda. Judicial culture adheres to an antiquated traditionalism, Posner argues, that inhibits progressive responses to threats from new technologies and other unforeseen challenges to society.With practical prescriptions for overhauling judicial practices and precedents, The Federal Judiciary offers an unequaled resource for understanding the institution designed by the founders to check congressional and presidential power and resist its abuse.

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The demand for economic damages analysis and valuation for litigation, arbitration, and mediation is ever-growing. Elements of IP and intangible assets affect disputes in nearly every area of law, from real estate to complex software transactions. Expert Witnesses, Valuation & Damages discusses how to best use experts, when to hire them, how to find good ones, and how to test whether they have adequate knowledge. It can be used whenever expert skills in economics, IP valuation analysis, and IP business management issues are needed. Additional topics include: * Guidance on how to use the witness in pretrial phases and during negotiations * How to discuss the expert's role in discovery * The use of the expert's report in pretrial strategy

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This comprehensive textbook provides a thorough guide to the economic analysis of law, with a particular focus on civil law systems. It encapsulates a structured analysis and nuanced evaluation of norms and legal policies, using the tools of economic theory.Key features include: Examples and cases that illustrate central concepts of the economic analysis of law in relation to civil law doctrines Examination of the core areas of civil law: tort law, contract law, property law, intellectual property law as well as basic problems of insolvency law and corporate law In-depth analysis of the legal rules of statutory law and judge-made law, demonstrating the extent to which these rules are either based on economic criteria or run parallel to them – and the extent to which such criteria facilitate the application and further development of law. This substantially revised second edition presents the latest insights into legal economic research, including important empirical and behavioural deliberations. It will be a valuable guide for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of law and economics.

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Much has changed in the area of school law since the first edition of The Educator’s Guide to Texas School Law was published in 1986. This new tenth edition of The Educator’s Guide offers an authoritative source on Texas school law through the 2021 legislative sessions. Intended for educators, school board members, attorneys, and taxpayers, it explains what the law is and what the implications are for effective school operations; it helps professional educators avoid expensive and time-consuming lawsuits by taking effective preventive action; and it serves as a highly valuable resource for school law courses and staff development sessions.The tenth edition begins with a review of the legal structure of the Texas school system, incorporating recent features such as charter schools and districts of innovation, then addresses the instructional program, service to students with special needs, the rights of public school employees, the role of religion, student discipline, governmental transparency, privacy, parental rights, and the parameters of legal liability for schools and school personnel. The book includes discussion of major federal legislation, such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and Title IX. On the state level, the book incorporates laws pertaining to cyberbullying, inappropriate relationships between students and employees, and human sexuality instruction.

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What makes a great law professor? The first study of its kind, What the Best Law Teachers Do identifies the methods, strategies, and personal traits of professors whose students achieve exceptional learning. This pioneering book will be of interest to any instructor seeking concrete, proven techniques for helping students succeed.What the Best Law Teachers Do introduces readers to twenty-six professors from law schools across the United States. These instructors are renowned for their exacting standards: they set expectations high, while also making course requirements--and their belief that their students can meet them--clear from the outset. They demonstrate professional behavior and tell students to approach class as they would their future professional life: by being as prepared, polished, and gracious as possible. And they prepare themselves for class in depth, even when they have taught the course for years.The best law professors understand that the little things matter. They start class on time and stay afterward to answer questions. They learn their students' names and respond promptly to emails. These instructors are all tough--but they are also committed, creative, and compassionate mentors. With its close-to-the-ground accounts of exceptional educators in action, What the Best Law Teachers Do offers insights into effective pedagogy that transcend the boundaries of legal education.

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Over the course of his career at Harvard, Morton Horwitz changed the questions legal historians ask. The Transformation of American Law, 1780–1860 (1977) disclosed the many ways that judge-made law favored commercial and property interests and remade law to promote economic growth. The Transformation of American Law, 1870–1960 (1992) continued that project, with a focus on ideas that reshaped law as we struggled for objective and neutral legal responses to our country’s crises. In more recent years he has written extensively on the legal realists and the Warren Court.Following an earlier festschrift volume by his former students, this volume includes essays by Horwitz’s colleagues at Harvard and those from across the academy, as well as his students. These essays assess specific themes in Horwitz’s work, from the antebellum era to the Warren Court, from jurisprudence to the influence of economics on judicial doctrine. The essays are, like Horwitz, provocative and original as they continue his transformation of American legal history.

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In the past twenty-five years, no one has been more instrumental than Catharine MacKinnon in making equal rights real for women. As Peter Jennings once put it, more than anyone else in legal studies, she "has made it easier for other women to seek justice." This collection, the first since MacKinnon's celebrated Feminism Unmodified appeared in 1987, brings together previously uncollected and unpublished work in the national arena from 1980 to the present, defining her clear, coherent, consistent approach to reframing the law of men on the basis of the lives of women.By making visible the deep gender bias of existing law, MacKinnon has recast legal debate and action on issues of sex discrimination, sexual abuse, prostitution, pornography, and racism. The essays in this volume document and illuminate some of the momentous and ongoing changes to which this work contributes; the recognition of sexual harassment, rape, and battering as claims for sexual discrimination; the redefinition of rape in terms of women's actual experience of sexual violation; and the reframing of the pornography debate around harm rather than morality. The perspectives in these essays have played an essential part in changing American law and remain fundamental to the project of building a sex-equal future.

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Constitutional and Administrative Law guides readers through the key principles of public law, examining significant cases and recent developments along the way. The book's broad coverage is presented in a concise and easy-to-read format, while chapter summaries and self-test questions help reinforce knowledge. Highly praised by students and lecturers alike, Constitutional and Administrative Law is a must for undergraduates of all levels. Digital formats and resources The twelfth edition is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats, and is supported by online resources. · The e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with functionality tools, navigation features, and links that offer extra learning support: www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks · The online resources include: bi-annual updates on the latest key developments in public law, and self-test questions on key topics, with feedback, providing an opportunity for students to test and consolidate their learning.

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This book assesses the historical significance of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE)—commonly called the Tokyo trial—established as the eastern counterpart of the Nuremberg trial in the immediate aftermath of World War II.Through extensive research in Japanese, American, Australian, and Indian archives, Yuma Totani taps into a large body of previously underexamined sources to explore some of the central misunderstandings and historiographical distortions that have persisted to the present day. Foregrounding these voluminous records, Totani disputes the notion that the trial was an exercise in “victors’ justice” in which the legal process was egregiously compromised for political and ideological reasons; rather, the author details the achievements of the Allied prosecution teams in documenting war crimes and establishing the responsibility of the accused parties to show how the IMTFE represented a sound application of the legal principles established at Nuremberg.This study deepens our knowledge of the historical intricacies surrounding the Tokyo trial and advances our understanding of the Japanese conduct of war and occupation during World War II, the range of postwar debates on war guilt, and the relevance of the IMTFE to the continuing development of international humanitarian law.

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This book is a study of the critical history of space, and the ways in which a dominant property ideology has entrenched an exclusionary and profoundly alienating version of spatial ordering. It focuses on select periods in time, when the seemingly linear trajectory of enclosure momentarily wavers and alternate spatial paths briefly materialize, before 'disappearing' from plain sight. Using the forest as a thematic device, Clark and Page explore the tensions that pervade our propertied relationships; between commodity and community, abstraction and context, and private enclosure and the public square.The book draws on a range of case studies including the 13th century Forest Charter, Thomas More's Utopia, the Diggers' radical agrarianism, the Paris Commune's battle for the right to the city, and Australian forest protestors of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Through analysis of these movements and their contexts, the authors illustrate the origin, history and legal status of the lawful forest and its modern-day companions. Although the dominant spatial paradigm is one where private rights prevail, this book shows that communal relationships with land have always been part of our law and culture.

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What should we do with teenagers who commit crimes? Are they children whose offenses are the result of immaturity and circumstances, or are they in fact criminals?“Adult time for adult crime” has been the justice system’s mantra for the last twenty years. But locking up so many young people puts a strain on state budgets—and ironically, the evidence suggests it ultimately increases crime. In this bold book, two leading scholars in law and adolescent development offer a comprehensive and pragmatic way forward. They argue that juvenile justice should be grounded in the best available psychological science, which shows that adolescence is a distinctive state of cognitive and emotional development. Although adolescents are not children, they are also not fully responsible adults. Elizabeth Scott and Laurence Steinberg outline a new developmental model of juvenile justice that recognizes adolescents’ immaturity but also holds them accountable. Developmentally based laws and policies would make it possible for young people who have committed crimes to grow into responsible adults, rather than career criminals, and would lighten the present burden on the legal and prison systems. In the end, this model would better serve the interests of justice, and it would also be less wasteful of money and lives than the harsh and ineffective policies of the last generation.

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Legalism deals with the area between political theory and jurisprudence. Its aim is to bridge the intellectual gulf separating jurisprudence from other kinds of social theory by explaining why, in the view of historians and political theorists, legalism has fallen short in its approach to both morals and politics. Judith Shklar proposes that, instead of regarding law as a discrete entity resting upon a rigid system of definitions, legal theorists should treat it, along with morals and politics, as part of an all-inclusive social continuum.The first part of the book examines law and morals and criticizes the approach to morals of both the analytical positivists and the natural law theorists. The second part, on law and politics, deals with legalism as a political ideology that comes into conflict with other policies, particularly during political trials.Incisively and stylishly written, the book constitutes an open challenge to reconsider the fundamental question of the relationship of law to society.

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Lawyers and corporations have a vital interest in the regulation and protection of industrial property—patents, designs, trademarks, trade names, and repression of unfair competition—and in the problems raised by agreements between enterprises, nationally and internationally. Since World War II, there has been increasing ferment for changes in the whole system of industrial property. Pressures have been building up from administrations concerned with the functioning of the patent and trademark system; from private enterprises affected by delays, costs, and insecurities of the system; from developing countries anxious to receive and adapt foreign technology at reasonable cost and without excessive restriction; and from the increasing tendency of antitrust law to curb even legal monopolies in order to ensure free competition.This major work describes the national and international regime of patents, trademarks, technological know-how, and related rights of industrial property; the conflicting interests and demands for recognition and satisfaction in this field; the international efforts and arrangements achieved for harmonization of law and procedure; the problems involved in the transfer of technology for the technical and economic development of countries pressing for assistance; and the controls established by statutory and decisional law against restriction of competition by the exercise of industrial property rights.

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This book introduces the reader to the Italian Constitution, which entered into force on 1 January 1948, and examines whether it has successfully managed the political and legal challenges that have occurred since its inception, and fulfilled the three main functions of a Constitution: maintaining a community, protecting the fundamental rights of citizens and ensuring the separation of powers.

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