Earth Sciences, Geography & Environment Books
Harvard University, Asia Center Readings in Chinese Literary Thought
Book SynopsisThis dual-language compilation of seven complete major works and many shorter pieces from the Confucian period through the Ch’ing dynasty will be indispensable to students of Chinese literature as well as theorists and scholars of other languages.Trade ReviewIn addition to its intrinsic value for the study and appreciation of Chinese thought and literature, Owen’s book, which is sure to have a significant impact on a wide audience outside Sinological circles, should do much to raise awareness of creative and critical works of Chinese literature among general students of literature and nonspecialists in Chinese studies. -- Richard John Lynn * China Review International *A monumental work of scholarship that will prove invaluable for both research and teaching… Owen has selected texts that are central to the Chinese tradition and provided lucid and insightful commentaries. -- Pauline Yu, University of California, Los Angeles
£30.56
Cornell University Press Rare Earth Frontiers
Book SynopsisRare Earth Frontiers is a work of human geography that serves to demystify the powerful elements that make possible the miniaturization of electronics, green energy and medical technologies, and essential telecommunications and defense systems.Trade ReviewRare Earth Frontiers is a timely text. As Klinger notes, rare earths are neither rare nor technically earths, but they are still widely believed to be both. Although her approach focuses on the human, or cultural, geography of rare earths mining, she does not ignore the geological occurrence of these mineral types, both on Earth and on the moon.... This volume is excellently organized, insightfully written, and extensively sourced. * Choice *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction 1. What Are Rare Earth Elements? 2. Placing China in the World History of Discovery, Production, and Use 3. "Welcome to the Hometown of Rare Earths" 4. Rude Awakenings 5. From the Heartland to the Head of the Dog 6. Extraglobal Extraction Conclusion Appendix Notes References
£20.79
Carpet Bombing Culture Artivism
Book SynopsisArtivism, is becoming a common way of denouncing conflicts, of being a megaphone of the unfairness, demanding more public space or pushing political agendas; in short, to highlight what does not work well. Artivists use art as a weapon of public and social exigency charged with particular doses of shrewdness, inventiveness, imagination, sense of humour and, above all, social impact, either throughout impressive pieces or the most subtle and invisible actions. Navigating through the curiosity, emotion and concern of the new artivists; We walk the paths of a creativity committed to reflection, criticism and the eternal pursuit of social justice.
£17.95
Simon & Schuster Ltd The Library of Ice
Book Synopsis‘A wonderful book: Nancy Campbell is a fine storyteller with a rare physical intelligence. The extraordinary brilliance of her eye confers the reader a total immersion in the rimy realms she explores. Glaciers, Arctic floe, verglas, frost and snow — I can think of no better or warmer guide to the icy ends of the Earth’ Dan Richards, author of Climbing DaysA vivid and perceptive book combining memoir, scientific and cultural history with a bewitching account of landscape and place, which will appeal to readers of Robert Macfarlane, Roger Deakin and Olivia Laing. Long captivated by the solid yet impermanent nature of ice, by its stark, rugged beauty, acclaimed poet and writer Nancy Campbell sets out from the world’s northernmost museum – at Upernavik in Greenland – to explore it in all its facets. From the Bodleian Library archives to the traces left by the great polar expeditions, from remote
£9.49
Taylor & Francis Ltd Applied Photovoltaics
Book SynopsisThe new edition of this thoroughly considered textbook provides a reliable, accessible and comprehensive guide for students of photovoltaic applications and renewable energy engineering. Written by a group of award-winning authors it is brimming with information and is carefully designed to meet the needs of its readers. Along with exercises and references at the end of each chapter, it features a set of detailed technical appendices that provide essential equations, data sources and standards. The new edition has been fully updated with the latest information on photovoltaic cells, modules, applications and policy. Starting from basics with 'The Characteristics of Sunlight' the reader is guided step-by-step through semiconductors and p-n junctions; the behaviour of solar cells; cell properties and design; and PV cell interconnection and module fabrication. The book covers stand-alone photovoltaic systems; specific purpose photovoltaic systems; remote area power supply systems; grid-connected photovoltaic systems and water pumping. Applied Photovoltaics is highly illustrated and very accessible, providing the reader with all the information needed to start working with photovoltaics. Trade ReviewPraise for previous editions"Recommended reading for any course which deals with hands-on aspects of photovoltaic systems and applications. Earthscan should be applauded" – Tom Markvart, University of Southampton, UK"An excellent introduction to the science, principles and practice of photovoltaic energy conversion." – Jenny Nelson, Professor of Physics, Imperial College, London, UK "The leading research, teaching and engineering group has made another important contribution to photovoltaic education." – Allen Barnett, Senior Policy Fellow, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, University of Delaware, USA. "This book will make an excellent reference for engineers and scientists involved in photovoltaics. The breadth of knowledge contained within and the detailed equations to support it, as well as being an easy reading style will enable people to get to the understanding of why PV systems are put together the way they are - well beyond rules of thumb." – Mike Dymond, Sowilo Engineering Pty Ltd for Solar Progress Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. The Characteristics of Sunlight 2. Semiconductors and P-N Junctions 3. The Behaviour of Solar Cells 4. Cell Properties and Design 5. PV Cell Interconnection and Module Fabrication 6. Stand-alone Photovoltaic System Components 7. Desisigning Stand-alone Photovoltaic Systems 8. Specific Purpose Photovoltaic Applications 9. Remote Area Power Supply Systems 10. Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems 11. Photovoltaic Water Pumping. Index
£46.54
Vertebrate Publishing Ltd Freedom Climbers
Book SynopsisFreedom Climbers is the multi award-winning book by Bernadette McDonald, now available in the UK and Ireland thanks to Vertebrate Publishing. Freedom Climbers tells the story of the extraordinary Polish adventurers who emerged from under the blanket of oppression following the Second World War to become the world's leading Himalayan climbers. Although they lived in a war-ravaged landscape, with seemingly no hope of creating a meaningful life, these curious, motivated and skilled mountaineers built their own free-market economy under the very noses of their Communist bosses and climbed their way to liberation. At a time when Polish citizens were locked behind the Iron Curtain, these intrepid explorers found a way to travel the world in search of extreme adventure - to Alaska, South America and Europe, but mostly to the highest and most inspiring mountains of the world. To this end, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan and Nepal became their second homes as they evolved into the toughest Himalayan climbers the world has ever known. In her most engaging book to date, renowned and award-winning author Bernadette McDonald weaves a passionate and literary tale of adventure, politics, suffering, death and - ultimately - inspiration.Trade ReviewOne of the most important mountaineering books to be written for many years. – Boardman Tasker Prize for Mountain LiteratureClimbers everywhere have much to l learn from this bold, tragic, ultimately magnificent story. – Grand Prize Winner, Banff Mountain Book FestivalA brilliantly crafted tale of mountain and political adventure that reveals a golden era in Himalayan climbing that was as glorious as it was tragic. – Sir Chris BoningtonThis important volume documents a defining chapter of Himalayan climbing history. – Reinhold MessnerPainstakingly researched and well crafted, this remarkable book acknowledges the significance of Polish mountaineers during the golden age of Himalayan exploration. Fascinating. – Andy Cave, author of Learning to BreatheMcDonald deserves special praise for bringing to light the stories of these remarkable men and women, and doing so in a manner that does honour to their memory. – Wade Davis, author of Into the Silence: The Great War, Mallory and the Conquest of EverestA gripping read, bound to become a classic of mountain literature. – Maria Coffey, author of Explorers of the InfiniteTakes the reader from deep within Communist-controlled Poland and into the lonely, dramatic landscapes of the world's most formidable mountain ranges. – Jim Curran, author of High Achiever: The Life and Climbs of Chris BoningtonFreedom Climbers is a very enlightening and captivating look at the Polish climbing superstars. – Ed Viesturs, author of No Shortcuts to the Top: Climbing the World's 14 Highest Peaks
£11.69
HarperCollins Publishers The God Species How Humans Really Can Save the Planet...
Book SynopsisThe green movement has got it very wrong.Trade Review'Radical. Will outrage many readers’ Independent 'Wonderfully sane and cogent’ Guardian ‘Mark Lynas is one of a growing band of influential figures, along with James Lovelock, Stewart Brand and George Monbiot, who now argue that the approach of most Greens to climate change needs to change… He is wonderfully sane and cogent on difficult issues… He has written the clearest exposition so far of the choices facing us. We may wince at the book's title (it derives from Stewart Brand's remark: "We are as gods and have to get good at it"), but Lynas is not playing God, simply making a passionate pitch for good global resource management.’ Peter Forbes, Guardian ‘An intriguing thesis and Lynas outlines it with clarity and panache’ Observer ‘Planetary boundaries richly merit a popular treatment, and The God Species taps their potential to offer a sharply focused vision of planetary dynamics that goes beyond warming and extinctions.’ Financial Times ‘The power of Lynas’s voice comes not just from his deep research but also his authority as a campaigner’ Sunday Times ‘This is a clear-eyed, hard-headed assessment of the ecological challenges facing us – and all the more bracing for it’ Evening Standard ‘Before reading this book, worrying about biodiversity had seemed a chattering class luxury to me’. Independent, Book of the Week ‘A redemptive manifesto for humanity’ New Scientist
£10.44
Columbia University Press Thinking with Animals
Book SynopsisExplores the how and why of anthropomorphism. This book investigates the changing patterns of anthropomorphism across different time periods and settings, as well as their effects upon animals, humans, and their interactions.Trade ReviewThinking with Animals...will surely join the growing literature on consciousness, animal cognition, and the continuity between human and animal minds. -- Juliet Clutton-Brock Nature Thoughtful and well researched... The interdisciplinary nature of this collection makes it a valuable addition. -- Robert B. Ridinger E-Streams An interesting and elegantly produced book. -- Alan Costall AnthrozoosTable of ContentsPreface Introduction. The How and Why of Thinking with Animals, by Lorraine Daston and Gregg Mitman 1. Zoomorphism in Ancient India: Humans More Bestial Than the Beasts, by Wendy Doniger 2. Intelligences: Angelic, Animal, Human, by Lorraine Daston 3. The Experimental Animal in Victorian Britain, by Paul S. White 4. Comparative Psychology Meets Evolutionary Biology: Morgan's Canon and Cladistic Parsimony, by Elliott Sober 5. Anthropomorphism and Cross-Species Modeling, by Sandra D. Mitchell 6. People in Disguise: Anthropomorphism and the Human-Pet Relationship, by James A. Serpell 7. Digital Beasts as Visual Esperanto: Getty Images and the Colonization of Sight, by Cheryce Kramer 8. Pachyderm Personalities: The Media of Science, Politics, and Conservation, by Gregg Mitman 9. Reflections on Anthropomorphism in The Disenchanted Forest, by Sarita Siegel
£23.80
Oxford University Press, USA Nuclear Energy
Trade ReviewAn accessible text with a strong structure that provides a launch pad for further exploration. * Murray Collins, London School of Economics (LSE) *Table of ContentsContents ; Preface ; Acknowledgements ; 1. Fundamentals ; What is energy, and what is power? ; Is most energy that people use derived from nuclear energy? ; What is the origin of nuclear energy? ; What is radioactivity? ; Why is ionizing radiation a health concern? ; What is radioactive half-life, and how can knowing it help increase countries' security? ; How much more energetic is nuclear energy compared to chemical energy? ; Why has it been so difficult to commercialize nuclear fusion? ; How was nuclear fission discovered? ; What role, if any, did Albert Einstein play in the discovery of nuclear energy? ; What is a fission chain reaction? ; What is uranium, where did it come from, and how was it discovered? ; What is plutonium, how was it discovered, and how hazardous is it? ; Why can't nuclear reactors explode like a nuclear bomb? ; What is the nuclear fuel cycle? ; Why are certain activities in the nuclear fuel cycle called <"dual-use>"? ; What are the various uranium enrichment methods? ; What are the nuclear
£10.44
Oxford University Press Inc The Cosmic Common Good
Book SynopsisAs ecological degradation continues to threaten permanent and dramatic changes for life on our planet, the question of how we can protect our imperiled Earth has become more pressing than ever before. In this book, Daniel Scheid draws on Catholic social thought as the foundation for a new type of interreligious ecological ethics, which he calls the cosmic common good, that sees humans as just a part of the greater whole of the cosmos. The cosmic common good emphasizes the instrumental and intrinsic value of nature and the integral connection between religious practice and the pursuit of the common good.Scheid begins his analysis by rooting his vision of the cosmic common good in the classical doctrines of creation found in the works of Augustine and Thomas Aquinas and in Thomas Berry''s interpretation of the evolutionary cosmic story. He goes on to explore conceptions of a cosmic common good in other traditions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and American Indian religion. Scheid demonstraTrade ReviewThe Cosmic Common Good will be a fine addition to academic libraries and highly appropriate for use in undergraduate courses on ethics, ecological studies, world religions, and comparative religions. The mix of primary and secondary sources Scheid engages competently provide excellent beginnings for scholarly research. Also helpful for advancing research are his informative endnotes, extensive bibliography, and index. * Jame Schaefer, Journal of Religion *This volume will be a valuable addition to the undergarduate, graduate, and seminary courses in ecological ethics, potentially opening the way towards more robust interreligious converstion about ecological concerns and providing the necessary methodological tools. * Margaret R. Pfeil, Journal of Catholic Social Thought *Scheid creates an innovative amalgam of ancient and modem theological insights and is to be lauded for attempting to overcome some of the inherent difficulties of hammering out a common interreligious ecological ethic by proposing a theoretical framework for a worldview that is centered on the cosmic common good. This kind of unity is precisely what the world needs if humanity is going to overcome the ecological crisis that threatens its existence. * Jeremiah Vallery, Religious Studies Review *Given the suffering caused by ecological degradation to humans and other creatures alike, theology is tasked in our day to bring the natural world back into view as a subject of religious and moral importance. In this broadly researched and clearly written book, Scheid sets out to do just that with one keystone element of Catholic social teaching: the common good. Not only does he rethink features of this principle, expanding it in an ecological direction, but he places this principle in dialogue with Hindu, Buddhist, and American Indian traditions. The point of arrival is an interreligious vision of the cosmic common good which can serve as a basis for ethical action to protect the planet, or 'to care for God's creation' in Catholic language... Toward that end this book makes a superb contribution. * Elizabeth A. Johnson, Theological Studies *Table of ContentsPreface ; Acknowledgements ; Chapter One: The Cosmic Common Good as a Ground for Interreligious Ecological Ethics ; Part I: A Catholic Cosmic Common Good ; Chapter Two: A Catholic Cosmic Common Good: Overview and Prospects ; Chapter Three: Classical Sources for a Catholic Cosmic Common Good: Augustine and Thomas Aquinas ; Chapter Four: Thomas Berry and an Evolutionary Catholic Cosmic Common Good ; Chapter Five: Earth Solidarity ; Chapter Six: Earth Rights ; Part II: The Cosmic Common Good and Interreligious Ecological Ethics ; Chapter Seven: Comparative Theology and Ecological Ethics ; Chapter Eight: Hindu Traditions: Dharmic Ecology ; Chapter Nine: Buddhist Traditions: Interdependence ; Chapter Ten: American Indian Traditions: Balance with All Our Relations ; Conclusion: An Interreligious Cosmic Common Good ; Notes ; Bibliography ; Index
£34.42
Yale University Press Captain Cook
Book SynopsisThe age of discovery was at its peak in the eighteenth century, with heroic adventurers charting the furthest reaches of the globe. Foremost among these explorers was navigator and cartographer Captain James Cook of the British Royal Navy. This book reveals Cook's place in history as a brave and brilliant seaman.Trade Review"'McLynn's biography is well researched and respectful.' (John de Falbe, The Spectator) 'Frank McLynn has no doubt about Captain Cook's status... the finest maritime explorer in the history of the world... He proves it in a meticulous rollercoaster chronicle.' (Duncan Fallowell, Daily Express) 'A first-class biography by a prominent British historian, Frank McLynn.' (John M. Taylor, The Washington Times)"
£18.04
Yale University Press The Retreat of the Elephants
Book SynopsisPresenting an environmental history of China, this book is based on literary, political, aesthetic, scientific, and religious sources that reveal the views of the Chinese people toward their environment and landscape.Trade Review"by far the best history of the interaction between the traditional Chinese and their surroundings... stupendously learned." Jonathan Mirsky, Literary Review "majestic depth and brutal detail... a heavyweight work.' Simon Barnes, The Times "Masterly and engaging... Essential for those who want to understand the long sweep of Chinese history, and it will enhance the perspective of those who think they already understand it. A scholarly tour de force." J. R. McNeill, Wilson Quarterly "Elvin combines an illuminating account of the 4,000 year-long collision of humans and nature with delightful tidbits about everything under the Chinese sun... A magisterial work." Nicholas D. Kristof, Scientific American"
£18.99
Island Press Urban Bikeway Design Guide, Second Edition
Book SynopsisThe NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide, Second Edition is based on the experience of the best cycling cities in the world. The designs in this book were developed by cities for cities, since unique urban streets require innovative solutions. To create the Guide, the authors conducted an extensive worldwide literature search from design guidelines and real-life experience. They worked closely with a panel of urban cycleway planning professionals from NACTO member cities and from numerous other cities worldwide, as well as traffic engineers, planners, and academics with deep experience in urban cycleway applications. The Guide offers substantive guidance for cities seeking to improve bicycle transportation in places where competing demands for the use of the right of way present unique challenges. Each of the treatments addressed in the Guide offers three levels of guidance: Required: elements for which there is a strong consensus that the treatment cannot be implemented without; Recommended: elements for which there is a strong consensus of added value; and, Optional: elements that vary across cities and may add value depending on the situation. First and foremost, the NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide, Second Edition will help practitioners make good decisions about urban cycleway design. The treatments outlined in the Guide are based on real-life experience in the world's most bicycle friendly cities and have been selected because of their utility in helping cities meet their goals related to bicycle transportation. The Guide is an indispensable tool every planner must have for their daily transportation design work.
£35.15
Vintage Publishing Cradle to Cradle
Book SynopsisRecycling is good, isn't it? In this visionary book, chemist Michael Braungart and architect William McDonough challenge this status quo and put forward a manifesto for an intriguing and radically different philosophy of environmentalism.Reduce, reuse, recycle. This is the standard cradle to grave manufacturing model dating back to the Industrial Revolution that we still follow today. In this thought-provoking read, the authors propose that instead of minimising waste, we should be striving to create value. This is the essence of Cradle to Cradle: waste need not to exist at all. By providing a framework of redesign of everything from carpets to corporate campuses, McDonough and Braungart make a revolutionary yet viable case for change and for remaking the way we make things.Trade ReviewThe best argument for good design is that it lasts. The best argument for good science is that it deplores waste. I'm bored with guilty and technologically illiterate environmental Luddites describing a future of guilt and privation led in caves. There's an alternative responsible future persuasively offered by Braungart and McDonough. The survival of the planet can be re-stated in terms of stimulus, opportunity, challenge and reward. Works for me. -- Stephen BayleyAlready embraced by far-thinking manufacturers and governments. * Food Ethics Magazine *It's one of the most thought-provoking books I've ever read -- Ellen Macarthur * Daily Express *Environmentalists too rarely apply the ecological wisdom of life to our problems. Asking how a cherry tree would design an energy efficient building is only one of the creative 'practices' that McDonough and Braungart spread, like a field of wild flowers, before their readers. This book will give you renewed hope that, indeed, 'it is darkest before the dawn' -- Carl Pope, Executive Director of the Sierra ClubAchieving the great economic transition to more equitable, ecologically sustainable societies requires nothing less than a design revolution - beyond today's fossilized industrialism. This enlightened and enlightening book shows us how - and indeed, that 'God is in the details.' A must for every library and every concerned citizen -- Hazel Henderson, author of "Building a Win-Win World and Beyond Globalization: Shaping a Sustainable Global Economy"
£9.49
Triarchy Press Flourish: Design Paradigms for Our Planetary
Book SynopsisRegenerative design and architecture What will it take to restore balance to our world, repair past injustices, and support future generations' survival? Reaching beyond 'sustainability', 'regenerative' practice is increasingly named as a new goal, but what does this emerging term really mean? And which key mindset shifts might enable truly regenerative transformation? Looking deeply into the web of life that created and supports us, and drawing inspiration from diverse cultural traditions and perspectives, spirited thinkers Michael Pawlyn and Sarah Ichioka propose a bold set of regenerative principles with potential to transform how we design, make and manage our buildings, infrastructure and communities. Whether you're a built environment professional or client, an activist or a policymaker, Flourish offers an urgent invitation to inhabit a new array of possibilities, through which we can build a thriving future, together.
£26.06
Island Press Effective Conservation: Parks, Rewilding, and
Book SynopsisFor most, “conservation” conjures the notion of minimising human presence on wildlands to avoid harmful impacts. But too often, this defensive approach has pitted local communities against conservationists, wasting opportunities for collaboration and setting the stage for ongoing conflict. One conservation approach turns that paradigm on its head, and instead connects conservation with the well-being of human communities, setting both up for success. Called “Full Nature,” this approach, pioneered by conservationist Ignacio Jiménez, seeks to promote fully functional natural landscapes that are tied to the basic needs of the communities in their midst. They become a self-sustaining cycle, where nature and people are integrated ecologically, socially, and politically. Effective Conservation is based on Jiménez’s experience managing conservation projects on three continents over thirty years. Jiménez offers a pragmatic approach to conservation that puts the focus on working with people, neighbours, governments, politicians, businesses, media, to ensure they have a long-term stake in protecting and restoring parks and wildlife. Jiménez guides readers through the practical considerations of designing, analysing, and managing effective conservation programmes. Chapters explore intelligence gathering, communication, planning, conflict management, and evaluation techniques, and include numerous text boxes showcasing examples of successful conservation projects from all texts, and links to additional resources. This highly readable manual provides a ground-breaking and time-proven formula for successful conservation projects around the world that bring together parks, people, and nature.Table of ContentsA Note about the English Edition Foreword Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Full Nature Chapter 3. The Method Chapter 4. Promotion: Basic Concepts Chapter 5: Tools and Practicalities Chapter 6. Intelligence Chapter 7. Planning and Norming Chapter 8. Management of Natural Areas Chapter 9. Conflict Management Chapter 10. Evaluation and Renewal Chapter 11. Organizations Chapter 12. Conclusions Afterword Acknowledgments About the Author Index
£32.40
Harvard University Press The Botany of Empire in the Long Eighteenth
Book Synopsis
£60.76
Island Press Landscape Ecology Principles in Landscape
Book SynopsisA handbook that lists and illustrates key principles in the field of landscape ecology, presenting specific examples of how the principles can be applied in a range of scales and diverse types of landscapes around the world.
£19.94
Michael O'Mara Books Ltd The Weather Book: Why It Happens and Where It
Book SynopsisFrom exhilarating electrical storms to everyday drizzle, this book is the perfect entertaining guide to our favourite topic of small talk: the weather.Our moods are affected by it; our plans are ruined by it; our conversations undoubtedly cover it – the weather is integral to our everyday lives. But while we groan at clouds obscuring the sun, rejoice when the rain stops, and gasp at loud cracks of thunder, for many of us the systems behind these weather patterns are a complete mystery. The Weather Book breaks down all manner of meteorological phenomena with handy diagrams and explanations in simple layman’s terms. From electrical storms and cyclones to the everyday drizzle, and including fascinating anecdotes of weather at its most extreme, this is a practical and engaging guide to understanding all things meteorological. If you’ve ever wondered which old wives tales you can actually trust (does lightning really only strike once?) or wondered if there is any truth to the phrase ‘raining cats and dogs’ (in reality it’s more likely to be raining frogs), this book will answer all your weather related queries and teach you more about this endlessly fascinating topic.Trade ReviewA delightful miscellany... This great book will extend your knowledge on one of Britain's most talked about subjects * The Times *This lively book is packed with weather facts... Become your pub quiz expert on things meteorological * BBC Country File Magazine *A reminder of what nature is about, how it works, how plants and animals exist - without being too scientific * The Countryman *
£8.99
Random House Publishing Group All We Can Save
Book Synopsis
£14.44
Penguin Books Ltd The New Map
Book Synopsis''The direction of travel in the global energy system seems clear: a historic shift away from fossil fuels is under way. Who better to chart it than Daniel Yergin? ... a flair for dramatic detail and sprightly insights'' Pilita Clark, Financial TimesThe Pulitzer Prize-winning author and global energy expert reveals how climate change and the shale revolution in oil and gas are shaking the global order, challenging nations and industries, and accelerating a second energy revolution - the quest for renewables and for ''net zero carbon''.UPDATED WITH A NEW EPILOGUE''A tour de force'' David Von Drehle, Washington Post''A kaleidoscopic survey of seemingly every geopolitical development in history, all seen through the lens of energy . . . Admirable, well-researched, highly readable'' Keith Johnson, Foreign PolicyTrade ReviewThere are many ... stories in this wonderful book, all of them directed at the transformation of the global map of power and wealth that has happened in the 21st century. Don't waste your time on Boris or Trump, Covid or novichock, just read this to find out what is really happening. -- Bryan Appleyard * The Sunday Times *Daniel Yergin won a Pulitzer in 1992 for The Prize, an acclaimed history of petroleum and political power ... In The New Map he turns his talents to what might be called geopolitical cartography ... Fans of the author's previous books will appreciate the snappy prose and plethora of well-told anecdotes ... revealing and apposite ... The book brings the general reader admirably up to date on the many subjects it covers. -- Edward Lucas * The Times *Yergin is the most respected chronicler of energy history and politics today. Yergin has enviable talents. He writes fluently in a style that brings to life the arcane dynamics of the energy business. He is deeply knowledgeable and analytically prescient... The New Map is an excellent read because, through multiple interconnected storylines, it pulls together the transformative occurrences that have shaped the energy world in recent years into a cogent framework from which the reader can discern the future pathways of the next energy transition. -- Vikram S Mehta * Indian Express *
£13.49
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Social Geography
Book SynopsisThe study of inequalities is the cornerstone of social geographic research. This book explores how cities as well as rural spaces are organized in ways that construct and maintain social inequality. A global perspective is maintained throughout, drawing on experiences, theories, and ideas from the global north and south.Trade Review"By not taking the well-trodden route of segmenting discussions of social geographies of gender, race, age, sex and so on, Del Casino is breaking the mould. He is offering something far superior ... [and] very accessible and student friendly." (Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 2012) "The Social Geography contribution to Wiley-Blackwell's Critical Introductions to Geography series is a thoroughly up-to-date examination of the field, considering difference and inequality through the history of the discipline before making use of an innovative life-course approach. Del Casino has a fluid and engaging style of writing, incorporating research from a wide selection of subfields in social geography, while also drawing connections and illustrating contrasts." (Area, 2011) Table of ContentsList of Figures vii List of Tables viii List of Boxes ix List of Abbreviations xi Acknowledgements xiii Cover Image xv Introduction 1 Part I Historicizing Social Geography: From Theory to Methodology 9 1 Social Geography? What’s That? 11 2 Social Geography in Three Acts and an Epilogue 29 3 Thinking Methodologically 63 Part II Social Geographies across the Life Course 95 4 Social Geography and the Geographies of Health 97 5 Communities and Organizations 125 6 Social Activism/Social Movements/Social Justice 154 Part III Social Geographies through the Life Course 183 7 On the Geographies of Children and Young People 185 8 Social Geographies of the “Mid-Life”? 211 9 Ageing and the “New” Social Geographies of Older People 238 Part IV Conclusions 265 10 Epilogue v. 2.0 267 11 Rethinking the Social Geographies of Difference and Inequality 275 References 282 Index 311
£30.35
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Introduction to HumanEnvironment Geography Local
Book SynopsisThis introductory level text explores various theoretical approaches to human-environment geography, demonstrating how local dynamics and global processes influence how we interact with our environments.Trade Review“This is a great textbook, which introduces students to fundamental concepts in environmental geography and science. . . It is warmly recommended to bachelor students in human ecology and to master degree students in environmental sciences and geography.” (International Journal Environment & Pollution, 1 October 2014) “Contributes a much-needed geographic perspective to the burgeoning, interdiscplinary field of environmental studies...Where many environmental science texts operate from the assumption that nature is a place without humans, this book demonstrates that even forests and soils have a human history...Wellsuited to beginning undergraduates. Chapters contain clear learning objectives, summaries, and end-of-chapter questions. Scientific and social scientific concepts are explained with a minimum of technical terminology. Geography students will find it provides a solid foundation for future studies in human-environment interactions...fills an important niche by adding a distinctly geographical voice to the environmental studies conversation.” (Journal of Geography, September 2014) “As a primer on the sort of ideas that should be considered, this is a useful addition.” (Ecogeog, 1 May 2014) "Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduate and graduate readers." (Choice, 1 May 2014)Table of ContentsNotes on the Authors ix Preface and Acknowledgments xi Part I: Fundamentals of Human–Environment Geography 1 1 Introduction: A Geographic Perspective on Human–Environment Interactions 3 2 The Politics of Nature 31 3 The Biophysical Environment 47 Part II: Contemporary Perspectives in Human–Environment Geography 87 4 Cultural and Political Ecology: Local Human–Environment Interactions in a Global Context 89 5 Environmental History 111 6 Hazards Geography and Human Vulnerability 137 7 Environmental Justice: The Uneven Distribution of People, Pollution, and Environmental Opportunity 157 Part III: Thematic Issues in Human–Environment Geography 189 8 Climate, Atmosphere, and Energy 191 9 The Population–Consumption–Technology Nexus 227 10 Agriculture and Food Systems 255 11 Biodiversity, Conservation, and Protected Areas 285 12 Water Resources and Fishing Livelihoods 309 Part IV: Bridging Theory and Practice 341 13 Geographic Research 343 14 Conclusion: Making a Difference 375 Index 389
£29.40
John Wiley and Sons Ltd An Introduction to Seismology Earthquakes and
Book Synopsis* Multidisciplinary examples throughout the text - catering to students in varied disciplines (geology, mineralogy, petrology, physics, etc.). * Most up to date book on the market - includes recent seismic events such as the 1999 Earthquakes in Turkey, Greece, and Taiwan).Trade Review"This outstanding book is without equal, and it will endure for many years as an indispensable reference for earth scientists and engineers as well as a great resource for students." (Choice, April 2003) "An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure belongs on the shelf of every seismologist...a fantastic resource for interesting examples, challenging problems, added coverage for selected topics, and as a general reference resource. This book is destined to become a classic." --Clifford Thurber, University of Wisconsin, Madison, EOS Transactions, June 2003 "All in all, it is an indispensable reference for serious students of solid-Earth geophysics." --Heidi Houston, UCLA, Physics Today, October 2003 "...the authors' methodical approach and transition through the subject make it a suitable text with which to build on undergraduate studies...If you have found seismology and earth structure an interesting aspect of your earth science studies this book is a valuable next step, supporting the authors' contention that seismology should be part of the education of every solid earth scientist." (The Open University Geological Society Journal, May 2004) "There is no doubt that the publication is a valuable learning tool for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students and a useful reference book not only for seismologists but also for solid earth scientists in general." (The Eggs.org (Newsletter of the EGU), September 2004) "This is an extremely well-written, innovative and well-received overview-cum-textbook for use by first-year graduate students. The approach is more modern and useful than other available seismology textbooks." (Natural Hazards, April 2005) "In spite of the fact that the book has been written as a textbook, it also makes a good addition to any geophysicist's bookshelf as a 'quick reference' as the clear writing makes it easy to absorb information quickly when reading out of sequence." (Surveys in Geophysics)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. 1 Introduction. 2 Basic Seismological Theory. 3 Seismology and Earth Structure. 4 Earthquakes. 5 Seismology and Plate Tectonics. 6 Seismograms as Signals. 7 Inverse Problems. Appendix: Mathematical and Computational Background. Reference. Solutions to selected odd-numbered problems. Index.
£60.26
University of Minnesota Press Swamplife
Book SynopsisAlligator hunters, mangroves, and the (mis)adventures of the Ashley Gang in the Florida Everglades.Trade Review"Tangled swamps; alligator hunters; outlaws: Here is a multi-species ethnography that is really fun to read. The book just asks to be taught." —Anna Tsing, author of Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection"Swamplife is thoroughly compelling. It works at the cutting edge of theory without straying far from an extremely grounded, rich, and page-turning narrative style. There are few books like it in political ecology." —Paul Robbins, author of Political Ecology: A Critical IntroductionTable of ContentsMap of Southern Florida and the Greater Everglades Watershed Map of Everglades National Park Acknowledgments 1. The Florida Everglades: An Entangled Landscape The Queen of the Everglades 2. Landscape Ethnography and the Politics of Nature The Notorious Ashley Gang 3. Earth, Fire and Flesh: Territorial Refrains The Theatrics of Everglades Outlaws 4. The Travels of Snakes, Mangroves, and Men The Gang Vanishes into the Mysterious Swamp 5. Searching for Paradise in the Florida Everglades The Story Doesn’t End with the Ambush on the Sebastian River Bridge 6. Alligator Conservation, Commodities, and Tactics of Subversion Epilogue. The Bill Ashley Jungles: Trace Impressions of a Forgotten Landscape Notes Index
£17.99
Schiffer Publishing Ltd Collectors Guide to the Zeolite Group
Book Synopsis
£17.09
Princeton University Press Pterosaurs
Book SynopsisFor 150 million years, the skies didn't belong to birds--they belonged to the pterosaurs. These flying reptiles, which include the pterodactyls, shared the world with the nonavian dinosaurs until their extinction 65 million years ago. Some pterosaurs, such as the giant azhdarchids, were the largest flying animals of all time, with wingspans exceediTrade Review"A comprehensive introduction... Witton manages to make this an attractive book for the layperson and bring these flying fossils to life."--Natural History "Witton's new tribute to pterosaurs gives these fantastic fossil creatures a much-needed makeover in two crucial ways. Not only does the book bring the science of pterosaurs up to date--at long last following-up other classics such as David Unwin's The Pterosaurs and Peter Wellenhofer's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs--but Witton is a highly-skilled and imaginative artist who ably reconstructs the bones of the animals and brings them back to life in startling poses. Witton's pterosaurs are fantastical creatures deserving their own time in the spotlight... Witton's combination of style and substance makes Pterosaurs a true treasure and an absolute must for anyone curious about the extinct flyers."--Brian Switek, National Geographic.com "This really is the ultimate guide to pterosaurs, providing us with a richer view of pterosaur diversity and behaviour than allowed in the two previous great volumes on the group (Wellnhofer 1991, Unwin 2005) and containing a substantial amount of review and analysis of pterosaur ecology and functional morphology."--Darren Naish, Scientific American "A solid review of the whole of the Pterosauria that'll be genuinely useful for researchers for many years. I'm sure I'll be typing 'Witton, (2013) stated ...' quite a lot in the future and that, if anything, should be a good measure of how I rate this as a scientific text. Now go buy a copy and read it, it really is very good."--Dave Hone, Pterosaur.Net "[Witton] presents the uncertainties of science but never shies away from making his opinion clear. [He] respects the complexities [of scientific writing] without allowing them to clump up the text... I can wholeheartedly recommend the book already."--David Mass, DRIP "Pterosaurs would make an excellent addition to any reference collection and especially that of an advanced (adult or young adult) lay-reader."--Greg Leitich Smith, GSL Blog "I can tell you that it is not only a fascinating bit of text, its illustrations will leave you gaping in awestruck amazement."--John E. Riutta, Well-read Naturalist "[Witton] combines his deep knowledge of the subject as a palaeontologist at the University of Portsmouth (U.K.) with his skills as an artist, and he has a flair for informal but accurate writing. His 292-page book is the most comprehensive and authoritative book to come along since Peter Wellnhofer's classic Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs back in 1991."--James Gurney, artist and author of the Dinotopia book series "The joy of Pterosaurs is how it brings long extinct animals to life."--Jeff Hecht, New Scientist "Learn all about flying reptiles in this artfully illustrated overview of pterosaur research."--Science News "Highly recommended."--EverythingDinosaur.com "Once dragons flew through Mesozoic skies! They were pterosaurs, and Witton offers a rich and extensive account of what science knows about these extinct creatures... For those who want an introduction to flying reptiles or the craft of scientific research, this title is a great choice."--Eileen H. Kramer, Library Journal "Beautifully laid out, clearly written, loaded with handsome illustrations, Witton's book invites you to dip in for delicious tidbits or hunker down for the equivalent of a superb lecture series."--Wilson's Bookmarks, Christianity Today "This is a book of impeccable scholarship, but it is also very readable for the non-scholar and amateur pterosaurophile... A wonderful book!"--Rabbi Dr Charles H Middleburgh, Middleburgh Blog "Though the writing style clearly targets the book to nonexperts, it does not dilute its realized value for professional paleontologists or teachers of paleontology. This is a very skillful presentation: a brief introductory paragraph or two leads quickly into an advanced discussion. The illustrations are excellent, including nice reconstructions by the author and very high-quality photographic reproductions of original key fossils. Overall, this is a very well-done book that belongs in any library with a vertebrate paleontology collection."--Choice "Although the text is mostly technical, directed at an informed audience, it is written with a humorous slant. Everyone will get something out of reading this book... This is a fantastic book!"--Randy Lauff, Canadian Field Naturalist "Witton's Pterosaurs is a remarkable visual feast, packed full of novel art as well as excellent photographs that the author clearly worked hard to obtain. There are, in fact, illustrations of some sort on virtually every single page--you will never get bored of looking at this book... If you like or are even vaguely interested in pterosaurs, you really need this book."--Darren Naish, Historical BiologyTable of Contentsix Preface xi Acknowledgments 1.Leathery-Winged Harpies 1 2.Understanding the Flying Reptiles 4 3.Pterosaur Beginnings 12 4.The Pterosaur Skeleton 23 5.Soft Bits 39 6.Flying Reptiles 56 7.Down from the Skies 64 8.The Private Lives of Pterosaurs 74 9.The Diversity of Pterosaurs 90 10.Early Pterosaurs and Dimorphodontidae 95 11.Anurognathidae 104 12."Campylognathoidids" 113 13.Rhamphorhynchidae 123 14.Wukongopteridae 135 15.Istiodactylidae 143 16.Ornithocheiridae 152 17.Boreopteridae 164 18.Pteranodontia 170 19.Ctenochasmatoidea 183 20.Dsungaripteroidea 201 21.Lonchodectidae 211 22.Tapejaridae 216 23.Chaoyangopteridae 228 24.Thalassodromidae 234 25.Azhdarchidae 244 26.The Rise and Fall of the Pterosaur Empire 259 References 265 Index 283
£28.80
Princeton University Press Wildlife of Ecuador
Book SynopsisTrade Review"A pleasure to browse. . . . Compact but informative species accounts and the colourful photos are a constant delight."---Matthew Merritt, Bird Watching Magazine"Wildlife of Ecuador is the all-in-one nature guide for the generalist nature traveler. . . . Photographs are large, clear, and colorful, and often delightful."---Donna Lynn Schulman, 10,000 Birds"The guide is a one-stop treasure trove of information. . . . A must for those visiting or conducting research in Ecuador."---Howard O. Clark, Jr., Sonoran Herpetologist"Sections of the book focus on birds (223 species), mammals (70), reptiles (40) and amphibians (37). This serves to close a gap I personally have always found frustrating as I travel, for often books on mammals and herps don’t even exist for many regions and I drool every time I find one." * North Durham Nature Newsletter *Table of ContentsPreface 7 Acknowledgments 9 Plan of the Book 10 Biogeography of Ecuador 12 Diversity and Its Causes 12 The Andes 13 The Equator 14 Marine Currents 15 Habitats and Bioregions 17 Species Accounts Amphibians 19 Reptiles 42 Birds 72 Mammals 218 Bibliography and References 270 Appendix: Map of Main Roads and National Protected Areas of Ecuador 272 List of Photographers 274 Index of Common Names 275 Index of Scientific Names 281
£25.20
Princeton University Press Seashells of Southern Florida
Book SynopsisLocated where the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea converge, the Florida Keys are distinctive for their rich and varied marine fauna. The Keys are home to nearly sixty taxonomic families of bivalves such as clams and mussels - roughly half the world's bivalve family diversity. This volume provides a treatment of these bivalves.Trade Review"This handsome volume, the first of a projected three-volume work on the mollusks of the Florida Keys, sets an admirable precedent. Mikkelsen and Rudiger have probably created the best illustrated and most detailed of any marine identification work so far published...[T]his is an important reference work that belongs in the library of any institution that offers courses in marine biology."--J.C. Briggs, Choice "All marine bivalve enthusiasts should purchase this book, regardless of their home port. The anatomical drawings, illustrated glossary and good photographs will be useful worldwide. In addition, I would strongly recommend this book to all malacologists and shell collectors. It just might entice them to take the plunge into the exciting, if not tumultuous, world of bivalve taxonomy."--Paul Valentich-Scott, The FestivusTable of ContentsPreface Introduction 1 Florida Keys 1 Natural History 1 Need for Protection 2 Florida Keys Bivalves 3 Habitats 3 History of Exploration and the Florida Keys Molluscan Diversity Project 5 Using This Book 6 Bivalve Morphology 11 Recent Bivalve Families of the World 18 The Florida Keys Bivalves 24 Nuculidae 24 Solemyidae 30 Manzanellidae 35 Nuculanidae 38 Yoldiidae 44 Arcidae 48 Noetiidae 58 Glycymerididae 62 Limopsidae 68 Philobryidae 74 Mytilidae 78 Pteriidae 92 Isognomonidae 98 Malleidae 104 Ostreidae 108 Gryphaeidae 114 Pinnidae 120 Limidae 126 Pectinidae 134 Propeamussiidae 148 Spondylidae 154 Plicatulidae 158 Anomiidae 162 Crassatellidae 166 Astartidae 172 Carditidae 176 Condylocardiidae 182 Pandoridae 186 Lyonsiidae 192 Periplomatidae 196 Spheniopsidae 200 Thraciidae 204 Verticordiidae 208 Poromyidae 214 Cuspidariidae 220 Lucinidae 228 Ungulinidae 240 Thyasiridae 246 Chamidae 250 Lasaeidae 258 Hiatellidae 264 Gastrochaenidae 268 Trapezidae 274 Sportellidae 279 Corbiculidae 284 Cardiidae 288 Veneridae 300 Tellinidae 322 Donacidae 340 Psammobiidae 344 Semelidae 350 Solecurtidae 358 Pharidae 364 Mactridae 368 Dreissenidae 374 Myidae 378 Corbulidae 382 Pholadidae 388 Teredinidae 396 Acknowledgments 409 A Note About Shell Collecting 411 A Note on Species Names Introduced by d'Orbigny 413 Illustrated Glossary of Bivalve Terms 415 General Literature Cited and Suggested Reading 449 Image Data and Credits 455 Index 481
£73.60
Princeton University Press Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry
Book SynopsisFocuses on atmospheric chemistry. This book begins with atmospheric structure, design of simple models, atmospheric transport, and the continuity equation, and continues with geochemical cycles, the greenhouse effect, aerosols, stratospheric ozone, the oxidizing power of the atmosphere, smog, and acid rain.Trade Review"The book is well suited to support students in introductory courses and provides a sound physical basis for more advanced work."--ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface xi 1 - Measures of Atmospheric Composition 3 1.1 Mixing Ratio 3 1.2 Number Density 4 1.3 Partial Pressure 8 Further Reading 11 Problems 11 1.1 Fog Formation 11 1.2 Phase Partitioning of Water in Cloud 11 1.3 The Ozone Layer 11 2 - Atmospheric Pressure 14 2.1 Measuring Atmospheric Pressure 14 2.2 Mass of the Atmosphere 14 2.3 Vertical Profiles of Pressure and Temperature 16 2.4 Barometric Law 18 2.5 The Sea-Breeze Circulation 21 Problems 22 2.1 Scale Height of the Martian Atmosphere 22 2.2 Scale Height and Atmospheric Mass 22 3 - Simple Models 24 3.1 One-Box Model 25 3.1.1 Concept of Lifetime 25 3.1.2 Mass Balance Equation 27 3.2 Multibox Models 30 3.3 Puff Models 33 Problems 36 3.1 Atmospheric Steady State 36 3.2 Ventilation of Pollution from the United States 37 3.3 Stratosphere- Troposphere Exchange 37 3.4 Interhemispheric Exchange 39 3.5 Long Range Transport of Acidity 39 3.6 Box versus Column Model for an Urban Airshed 40 3.7 The Montreal Protocol 40 4 - Atmospheric Transport 42 4.1 Geostrophic Flow 42 4.1.1 Coriolis Force 42 4.1.2 Geostrophic Balance 46 4.2 The General Circulation 48 4.3 Vertical Transport 53 4.3.1 Buoyancy 53 4.3.2 Atmospheric Stability 55 4.3.3 Adiabatic Lapse Rate 56 4.3.4 Latent Heat Release from Cloud Formation 58 4.3.5 Atmospheric Lapse Rate 60 4.4 Turbulence 63 4.4.1 Description of Turbulence 64 4.4.2 Turbulent Flux 64 4.4.3 Parameterization of Turbulence 67 4.4.4 Time Scales for Vertical Transport 70 Further Readinng 71 Problems 71 4.1 Dilution of Power Plant Plumes 71 4.2 Short Questions on Atmospheric Transport 72 4.3 Seasonal Motion of the ITCZ 73 4.4 A Simple Boundary Layer Model 74 4.5 Breaking a Nightime Inversion 74 4.6 Wet Convection 75 4.7 Scavenging of Water in a Thunderstorm 76 4.8 Global Source of Methane 76 4.9 Role of Molecular Diffusion in Atmosheric Transport 77 4.10 Vertical Transport Near the Surface 78 5 - The Continuity Equation 79 5.1 Eulerian Form 79 5.1.1 Derivation 79 5.1.2 Discretization 81 5.2 Lagrangian Form 84 Further Reading 85 Problems 85 5.1 Turbulent Diffusion Coefficient 85 6 - Geochemical Cycles 87 6.1 Geochemical Cycling of Elements 87 6.2 Early Evolution of the Atmosphere 89 6.3 The Nitrogen Cycle 90 6.4 The Oxygen Cycle 94 6.5 The Carbon Cycle 97 6.5.1 Mass Balance of Atmospheric CO2 97 6 5.2 Carbonate Chemistry in the Ocean 97 6.5.3 Uptake of CO2 by the Ocean 100 6 5.4 Uptake of CO2 by the Terrestrial Biosphere 104 6 5.5 Box Model of the Carbon Cycle 105 Further Reading 107 Problems 107 6.1 Short Questions on the Oxygen Cycle 107 6.2 Short Questions on the Carbon Cycle 108 6.3 Atmospheric Residence Time of Helium 108 6.4 Methyl Bromide 109 6.5 Global Fertilization of the Biosphere 111 6.6 Ocean pH 111 6.7 Cycling of CO2 with the Terrestrial Biosphere 112 6.8 Sinks of Atmospheric CO2 Deduced from Changes in Atmospheric O2 113 6.9 Fossil Fuel CO2 Neutralization by Marine CaCO3 113 7 - The Greenhouse Effect 115 7.1 Radiation 118 7.2 Effective Temperature of the Earth 121 7.2.1 Solar and Terrestrial Emission Spectra 121 7.2.2 Radiative Balance of the Earth 122 7.3 Absorption of Radiation by the Atmosphere 126 7.3.1 Spectroscopy of Gas Molecules 126 7.3.2 A Simple Greenhouse Model 128 7.3.3 Interpretation of the Terrestrial Radiation Spectrum 131 7.4 Radiative Forcing 133 7.4.1 Definition of Radiative Forcing 133 7.4.2 Application 135 7.4.3 Radiative Forcing and Surface Temperature 137 7.5 Water Vapor and Cloud Feedbacks 138 7.5.1 Water Vapor 138 7.5.2 Clouds 140 7.6 Optical Depth 140 Further Reading 142 Problems 142 7.1 Climate Response to Changes in Ozone 142 7.2 Interpretation of the Terrestrial Radiation Spectrum 143 7.3 Jupiter and Mars 144 7.4 The "Faint Sun " Problem 144 7.5 Planetary Skin 145 7.6 Absorption in the Atmospheric Window 145 8 - Aerosols 146 8.1 Sources and Sinks of Aerosols 146 8.2 Radiative Effects 148 8.2.1 Scattering of Radiation 148 8.2.2 Visibility Reduction 150 8.2.3 Perturbation to Climate 151 Further Reading 154 Problems 155 8.1 Residence Times of Aerosols 155 8.2 Aerosols and Radiation 155 9 - Chemical Kinetics 157 9.1 Rate Expressions for Gas-Phase Reactions 157 9.1.1 Bimolecular Reactions 157 9.1.2 Three-Body Reactions 158 9.2 Reverse Reactions and Chemical Equilibria 159 9.3 Photolysis 160 9.4 Radical-Assisted Reaction Chains 161 Further Reading 163 10 - Stratospheric Ozone 164 10.1 Chapman Mechanism 164 10.1.1 The Mechanism 164 10.1.2 Steady-State Solution 166 10.2 Catalytic Loss Cycles 171 10.2.1 Hydrogen Oxide Radicals (HOx) 171 10.2.2 Nitrogen Oxide Radicals (NOx)) 172 10.2.3 Chlorine Radicals (CIOx) 177 10.3 Polar Ozone Loss 179 10.3.1 Mechanism for Ozone Loss 181 10.3.2 PSC Formation 183 10.3.3 Chronology of the Ozone Hole 185 Problems 191 10.1 Shape of the Ozone Layer 191 10.2 The Chapman Mechanism and Steady State 191 10.3 The Detailed Chapman Mechanism 192 10.4 HOx-Catalyzed Ozone Loss 193 10.5 Chlorine Chemistry at Midlatitudes 193 10.6 Partitioning of Cly 195 10.7 Bromine-Catalyzed Ozone Loss 196 10.8 Limitation of Antarctic Ozone Depletion 197 10.9 Fixing the Ozone Hole 198 10.10 PSC Formation 199 11 - Oxidizing Power of the Troposphere 200 11.1 The Hydroxyl Radical 201 11.1.1 Tropospheric Production of OH 201 11.1.2 Global Mean OH Concentration 203 11.2 Global Budgets of CO and Methane 205 11.3 Cycling of HOx and Production of Ozone 207 11.3.1 The OH Titration Problem 207 11.3.2 CO Oxidation Mechanism 207 11.3.3 Methane Oxidation Mechanism 210 11.4 Global Budget of Nitrogen Oxides 212 11.5 Global Budget of Tropospheric Ozone 215 11.6 Anthropogenic Influence on Ozone and OH 216 Further Reading 219 Problems 219 11.1 Sources of CO 219 11.2 Sources of Tropospheric Ozone 220 11.3 Oxidizing Power of the Atmosphere 221 11.4 OH Concentrations in the Past 223 11.5 Acetone in the Upper Troposphere 223 11.6 Transport, Rainout, and Chemistry in the Marine Upper Troposphere 225 11.7 Bromine Chemistry in the Troposphere 227 11.8 Nighttime Oxidation of NOx 228 11.9 Peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) as a Reservoir for NOx 229 12 - Ozone Air Pollution 231 12.1 Air Pollution and Ozone 231 12.2 Ozone Formation and Control Strategies 233 12.3 Ozone Production Efficiency 240 Further Reading 242 Problems 242 12.1 NOx- and Hydrocarbon-Limited Regimes for Ozone Production 242 12.2 Ozone Titration in a Fresh Plume 243 13 - Acid Rain 245 13.1 Chemical Composition of Precipitation 245 13.1.1 Natural Precipitation 245 13.1.2 Precipitation over North America 246 13.2 Sources of Acids: Sulfur Chemistry 249 13.3 Effects of Acid Rain 250 13.4 Emission Trends 252 Problems 253 13.1 What Goes Up Must Come Down 253 13.2 The True Acidity of Rain 253 13.3 Aqueous-Phase Oxidation of SO2 by Ozone 253 13.4 The Acid Fog Problem 254 13.5 Acid Rain: The Preindustrial Atmosphere Numerical Solutions to Problems 257 Appendix. Physical Data and Units 259 Index 261
£75.00
Vertebrate Publishing Ltd Cold Wars: Climbing the fine line between risk
Book SynopsisWinner of the 2012 Boardman Tasker Prize for Mountain Literature 'I was aware that I was cold - beyond cold. I was a lump of meat left for too long in a freezer, a body trapped beneath the ice, sinking down into the dark. I was freezing to death.' In this brilliant sequel to his award-winning debut Psychovertical, mountaineering stand-up Andy Kirkpatrick has achieved his life's ambition to become one of the world's leading climbers. Pushing himself to new extremes, he embarks on his toughest climbs yet - on big walls in the Alps and Patagonia - in the depths of winter. Kirkpatrick has more success, but the savagery and danger of these encounters comes at huge personal cost. Questioning his commitment to his chosen craft, Kirkpatrick is torn between family life and the dangerous path he has chosen. Written with his trademark wit and honesty, Cold Wars is a gripping account of modern adventure.Trade Review"The book is often as varied as it is textured, and with every break I looked forward to returning ... a book that is both hilarious and haunting." (Alison Osius, Rock & Ice Magazine). "This is Andy Kirkpatrick at his best." (Tom Richardson, Climb Magazine). "The rarest of things, a mountaineering book that really matters." (John Horscroft, Climber Magazine). "Kirkpatrick's wry sarcasm, his deft character sketches of his climbing partners, and the often ridiculous situations of the game of big-wall climbing lead to many laugh-out-loud moments. The portrayal of Kirkpatrick's developing insight into his motivation and his growing realisation of the importance of life outside climbing make this a climbing autobiography on a par with Steve House's Beyond the Mountain, only with more jokes about poo and Johnny Depp." (John Chivall, TGO Magazine). "Cold Wars is a funny, poignant read and I enjoyed it very much." (Alastair Humphreys, www.alastairhumphreys.com). "Brilliantly written, painfully thoughtful and yet still an incredibly easy and gripping read. Human and brilliant at the same time." (Jon Doran, OUTDOORSmagic.com). "A good second book from one of the the UK's best climbing showmen which will hopefully open the door for a third, as this man surely has more mountain stories to tell." (Jack Geldard, UKClimbing.com). "It's laugh-out-loud funny at times, and amazingly honest at others. Read it - but then you would have done anyway." (Rosie Fuller, Adventure Travel Magazine). "The book weaves an impressive line between man and mountaineer ... and manages to break out of an over-worked genre by dint of the author's honesty and vulnerability." (John Appleby, Footless Crow). "A superbly written insight into the life of a world class performer torn by internal battles, never satisfied because to stand still is to go backwards and infuriatingly not recognising that he doesn't need to be be measured against anyone." Dave Mycroft, MyOutdoors.co.uk). "A book that is moving, powerful and hugely entertaining, often within a single chapter, Cold Wars joins Psychovertical as one of the new classics of mountaineering literature." (Nicola Underdown, rockclimbinguk.co.uk). "Cold Wars is a superb book. For those like me who don't climb, it is a fantastic insight into a specialised world with pithy comment on the difficulties faced by those who inhabit it. For those who climb big walls in winter, you may well be in it. Regardless of who you are, go and read it." (British Army Rumour Service)."A book which celebrates all that is best in mountaineering literature and the Boardman Tasker Award in particular." (Bernard Newman, Boardman Tasker Prize 2012). "The book is often as varied as it is textured, and with every break I looked forward to returning ... a book that is both hilarious and haunting." (Alison Osius, Rock & Ice Magazine). "This is Andy Kirkpatrick at his best." (Tom Richardson, Climb Magazine). "The rarest of things, a mountaineering book that really matters." (John Horscroft, Climber Magazine). "Kirkpatrick's wry sarcasm, his deft character sketches of his climbing partners, and the often ridiculous situations of the game of big-wall climbing lead to many laugh-out-loud moments. The portrayal of Kirkpatrick's developing insight into his motivation and his growing realisation of the importance of life outside climbing make this a climbing autobiography on a par with Steve House's Beyond the Mountain, only with more jokes about poo and Johnny Depp." (John Chivall, TGO Magazine). "Brilliantly written, painfully thoughtful and yet still an incredibly easy and gripping read. Human and brilliant at the same time." (Jon Doran, OUTDOORSmagic.com). "A good second book from one of the the UK's best climbing showmen which will hopefully open the door for a third, as this man surely has more mountain stories to tell." (Jack Geldard, UKClimbing.com). "It's laugh-out-loud funny at times, and amazingly honest at others. Read it - but then you would have done anyway." (Rosie Fuller, Adventure Travel Magazine). "Cold Wars is a funny, poignant read and I enjoyed it very much." (Alastair Humphreys, www.alastairhumphreys.com). "A hugely entertaining and moving book, which will appeal to mountaineers and non-mountaineers alike, and no doubt will become one of the modern classics." (Ken Applegate, Scottish Mountaineer). "The book weaves an impressive line between man and mountaineer ... and manages to break out of an over-worked genre by dint of the author's honesty and vulnerability." (John Appleby, To Hatch A Crow). "A superbly written insight into the life of a world class performer torn by internal battles, never satisfied because to stand still is to go backwards and infuriatingly not recognising that he doesn't need to be be measured against anyone." (Dave Mycroft, MyOutdoors.co.uk). "A book that is moving, powerful and hugely entertaining, often within a single chapter, Cold Wars joins Psychovertical as one of the new classics of mountaineering literature." (Nicola Underdown, rockclimbinguk.co.uk). "Cold Wars is a superb book. For those like me who don't climb, it is a fantastic insight into a specialised world with pithy comment on the difficulties faced by those who inhabit it. For those who climb big walls in winter, you may well be in it. Regardless of who you are, go and read it." (British Army Rumour Service).Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Preface Prologue Yosemite One Dru Two Lafaille Three Black Dog Four Fitz Roy Five Mermoz Six Park Seven Fear Eight Xmas Nine Troll Ten Hard Eleven Troll II Twelve Breathing Thirteen Lesueur Fourteen Sheep Fifteen Diamond Sixteen Post Seventeen Charlie Eighteen Grounded Nineteen Magic Climbing 101 Glossary
£11.69
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Facing Gaia
Book SynopsisThe emergence of modern sciences in the seventeenth century profoundly renewed our understanding of Nature. For the last three centuries new ideas of Nature have been continuously developed by theology, politics, economics, and science, especially the sciences of the material world.Trade ReviewListed as one of Resurgence & Ecologist's 2017 Book of the Year"Facing Gaia stands as a toolbox for many disciplines. It harbours crucial insights: we are witnessing a catastrophe in which we are all implicated… Latour argues that it matters what each of us thinks and does. It will be written in clouds, spelt in stone, legible in water."Australian Book ReviewTable of ContentsContents Introduction First Lecture: On the Instability of the (Notion of) Nature A mutation of the relation to the world ¥ Four ways to be driven crazy by ecology ¥ The instability of the nature/culture relation ¥ The invocation of human nature ¥ The recourse to the �natural world� ¥ On a great service rendered by the pseudo-controversy over the climate ¥ �Go tell your masters that the scientists are on the warpath!� ¥ In which we seek to pass from �nature� to the world ¥ How to face up Second Lecture: How Not to (De-)Animate Nature Disturbing �truths� ¥ Describing in order to warn ¥ In which we concentrate on agency ¥ On the difficulty of distinguishing between humans and nonhumans ¥ �And yet it moves!� ¥ A new version of natural law ¥ On an unfortunate tendency to confuse cause and creation ¥ Toward a nature that would no longer be a religion? Third Lecture: Gaia, a (Finally Secular) Figure for Nature Galileo, Lovelock: Two symmetrical discoveries ¥ Gaia, an exceedingly treacherous mythical name for a scientific theory ¥ A parallel with Pasteur�s microbes ¥ Lovelock too makes micro-actors proliferate ¥ How to avoid the idea of a system? ¥ Organisms make their own environment, they do not adapt to it ¥ On a slight complication of Darwinism ¥ Space, an offspring of history Fourth Lecture: The Anthropocene and the Destruction of (the Image of) the Globe The Anthropocene: an innovation ¥ Mente et Malleo ¥ A debatable term for an uncertain epoch ¥ An ideal opportunity to disaggregate the figures of Man and Nature ¥ Sloterdijk or the theological origin of the image of the Sphere ¥ Confusion between Science and the Globe ¥ Tyrrell against Lovelock ¥ Feedback loops do not draw a Globe ¥ Finally, a different principle of composition ¥ Melancholia, or the end of the Globe Fifth Lecture: How to Convene the Various Peoples (of Nature)? Two Leviathans, two cosmologies ¥ How to avoid war between the gods? ¥ A perilous diplomatic project ¥ The impossible convocation of a �people of nature� ¥ How to give negotiation a chance? ¥ On the conflict between science and religion ¥ Uncertainty about the meaning of the word �end� ¥ Comparing collectives in combat ¥ Doing without any natural religion Sixth Lecture: How (Not) to Put an End to the End of Times? The fateful date of 1610 ¥ Stephen Toulmin and the scientific counter-revolution ¥ In search of the religious origin of �disinhibition� ¥ The strange project of achieving Paradise on Earth ¥ Eric Voegelin and the avatars of Gnosticism ¥ On an apocalyptic origin of climate skepticism ¥ From the religious to the terrestrial by way of the secular ¥ A �people of Gaia�? ¥ How to respond when accused of producing �apocalyptic discourse� Seventh Lecture: The States (of Nature) between War and Peace The �Great Enclosure� of Caspar David Friedrich ¥ The end of the State of Nature ¥ On the proper dosage of Carl Schmitt ¥ �We seek to understand the normative order of the earth� ¥ on the difference between war and police work ¥ How to turn around and face Gaia? ¥ Human versus Earthbound ¥ Learning to identify the struggling territories Eighth Lecture: How to Govern Struggling (Natural) Territories? In the Theater of Negotiations, Les Amandiers, May 2015 ¥ Learning to meet without a higher arbiter ¥ Extension of the Conference of the Parties to Nonhumans ¥ Multiplication of the parties involved ¥ Mapping the critical zones ¥ Rediscovering the meaning of the State ¥ Laudato Si� ¥ Finally, facing Gaia ¥ �Earth, earth!� Works Cited
£18.04
Orion Publishing Co Exploration Fawcett
Book SynopsisThe life of Colonel Fawcett is now the subject of the major motion picture The Lost City of Z.The disappearance of Colonel Fawcett in the Matto Grosso remains one of the great unsolved mysteries. In 1925, Fawcett was convinced that he had discovered the location of a lost city; he had set out with two companions, one of whom was his eldest son, to destination ''Z'', never to be heard of again. His younger son, Brian Fawcett, has compiled this book from letters and records left by his father, whose last written words to his wife were: ''You need have no fear of any failure . . .'' This is the thrilling and mysterious account of Fawcett''s ten years of travels in deadly jungles and forests in search of a secret city.
£13.49
British Geological Survey Building Stone Resources of the United Kingdom
Book SynopsisShows where rocks from the various geological periods occur in the UK. Major building stone quarries are also shown.
£7.71
Penguin Books Ltd Think Like an Anthropologist
Book Synopsis''Subtle and self-reflexive. . . an excellent overview of the debates and issues that have shaped this hugely influential social science'' - GuardianHow does anthropology help us understand who we are?What can it tell us about culture, from Melanesia to the City of London? Why does it matter?For well over one hundred years, social and cultural anthropologists have traversed the world from urban Zimbabwe to suburban England, Beijing to Barcelona, uncovering surprising facts, patterns, predilections and, sometimes, the inexplicable, in terms of how humans organize their lives and articulate their values. By weaving together theories and examples from around the world, Matthew Engelke brilliantly shows why anthropology matters: not only because it allows us to understand other points of view, but also because in the process, it reveals something about ourselves too.Trade ReviewEngelke's subtle and self-reflexive study presents an excellent overview of the debates and issues that have shaped this hugely influential social science. . . Using an eclectic range of examples, including "bridewealth" in modern China and the role of social values in Downton Abbey, he shows how anthropology reveals both the limits of common sense and the universal lessons that can be drawn from communities everywhere -- PD Smith * Guardian *Think Like an Anthropologist sets forth the anthropological sensibility as a mode of thinking that might encourage us to better appreciate the complexity and diversity of the modern world -- Lamorna Ash * TLS *Informing -- and perhaps occasionally startling readers who aren't themselves anthropologists -- is a profoundly important goal. Engelke achieves his goal with crystal-clear writing, and occasional humor, too -- Barbara J. King * NPR *Brilliant, lively, short(ish) introduction into the key issues that shape anthropology. The ideal introduction for a general reader, a student - or the parent of a teenager who does not understand why their kid wants to study anthropology instead of accounting. (Don't worry; they can still find a job.) -- Gillian Tett * Guardian *An affable introduction to the discipline -- James Ryerson * New York Times Book Review *Clearly the work of an author having tremendous fun with material he knows inside out . . . Thinking like an anthropologist is something that we should all do more often -- Simon Underdown * Times Higher Education *We may not do research in faraway places or even nearby, among our curious neighbors, but we all need to be anthropologists. Thinking like an anthropologist means stopping to consider our common-sense categories in critical, comparative, and historically informed ways. Matthew Engelke's admirably lucid book gives us the tools we need -- James Clifford, author of Returns: Becoming Indigenous in the Twenty-First CenturyA terrific introduction to the field. Beautifully written, winningly told, and provocative, the book captures the basic feature of the discipline: that anthropology is a way of seeing and thinking. Anthropology invites you to see yourself as someone else might see you. In this way, it is the most world-changing of fields -- T. M. Luhrmann, author of When God Talks BackPlayful and perceptive, Matthew Engelke welcomes readers into the fascinating history and profound insights of anthropology. This elegant synthesis shows how the discipline can change the way we think about the world -- Caitlin Zaloom, author of Out of the Pits
£10.44
HarperCollins Publishers Around the World in Eighty Days Collins Classics
Book SynopsisHarperCollins is proud to present its new range of best-loved, essential classics.''Phileas Fogg was one of those mathematically exact people, who, never hurried and always ready, are economical of their steps and their motions. He never made one stride too many, always going by the shortest route. He did not give an idle look. He did not allow himself a superfluous gesture.''When Phileas Fogg wagers a bet that he can travel across the globe in just 80 days, little does he know about the epic journey that he is about to undertake. With his faithful French servant, Passepartout, Phileas Fogg embarks on the adventure of a lifetime, travelling across four continents by whatever means he can train, elephant, steam ship and experiencing endless surprises and mishaps along the way.
£5.62
Penguin Books Ltd The Venetian Empire
Book SynopsisFor six centuries the Republic of Venice was a maritime empire, its sovereign power extending throughout much of the eastern Mediterranean an empire of coasts, islands and isolated fortresses by which, as Wordsworth wrote, the mercantile Venetians ''held the gorgeous east in fee''. Jan Morris reconstructs the whole of this glittering dominion in the form of a sea-voyage, travelling along the historic Venetian trade routes from Venice itself to Greece, Crete and Cyprus. It is a traveller''s book, geographically arranged but wandering at will from the past to the present, evoking not only contemporary landscapes and sensations but also the characters, the emotions and the tumultuous events of the past. The first such work ever written about the Venetian Stato da Mar', it is an invaluable historical companion for visitors to Venice itself and for travellers through the lands the Doges once ruled.
£10.44
Harvard University Press Our American Israel The Story of an Entangled
Book Synopsis
£17.06
Pelagic Publishing Ltd Crossbills and Conifers
Book Synopsis
£65.00
Bloomsbury Publishing PLC A Mudlarking Year
Book SynopsisFrom the bestselling author of Mudlarking comes a thoughtful examination of her year exploring the most overlooked part of the city through the changing seasons
£10.44
Permanent Publications Transformative Adaptation
Book Synopsis
£10.40
Pearson Education (US) Elementary Surveying
Book SynopsisDr. Charles Ghilani is a Professor of Engineering in the B.S. Surveying Engineering and A.S. Surveying Technology programs at Penn State. He holds a Ph.D. and M.S. in Civil and Environmental Engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a B.S. degree in mathematics and education from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. He has been involved in education since 1974; teaching at various levels from elementary through graduate school. Dr. Ghilani has received numerous awards including: a Campus Innovation Award (1991) and Professional Development Award (1994), P.S.L.S. presidential commendation in 1990, Outstanding Club Advisor in 1992, a Distinguished Service Award from the Pennsylvania Society of Land Surveyors in 1995, an American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM) fellowship (1999), and the Earle J. Fennell Award (2001) for outstanding service in surveying and mapping education from ACSM. He is a member of tTable of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Definition of Surveying 1.2 Geomatics 1.3 History of Surveying 1.4 Geodetic and Plane Surveys 1.5 Importance of Surveying 1.6 Specialized Types of Surveys 1.7 Surveying Safety 1.8 Land and Geographic Information Systems 1.9 Federal Surveying and Mapping Agencies 1.10 The Surveying Profession 1.11 Professional Surveying Organizations 1.12 Surveying on the Internet 1.13 Future Challenges in Surveying 2. Units, Significant Figures, and Field Notes 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Units of Measurement 2.3 International System of Units (SI) 2.4 Significant Figures 2.5 Rounding Off Numbers 2.6 Field Notes 2.7 General Requirements of Handwritten Field Notes 2.8 Types of Field Books 2.9 Kinds of Notes 2.10 Arrangements of Notes 2.11 Suggestions for Recording Notes 2.12 Introduction to Survey Controllers 2.13 Transfer of Files from Survey Controllers 2.14 Digital Data File Management 2.15 Advantages and Disadvantages of Survey Controllers 3.Theory of Errors In Observations 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Direct and Indirect Observations 3.3 Errors in Measurements 3.4 Mistakes 3.5 Sources of Errors in Making Observations 3.6 Types of Errors 3.7 Precision and Accuracy 3.8 Eliminating Mistakes and Systematic Errors 3.9 Probability 3.10 Most Probable Value 3.11 Residuals 3.12 Occurrence of Random Errors 3.13 General Laws of Probability 3.14 Measures of Precision 3.15 Interpretation of Standard Deviation 3.16 The 50%, 90%, and 95% Errors 3.17 Error Propagation 3.18 Applications 3.19 Conditional Adjustment of Observations 3.20 Weights of Observations 3.21 Least-Squares Adjustment 4.Leveling—Theory, Methods, and Equipment 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Definitions 4.3 North American Vertical Datum 4.4 Curvature and Refraction 4.5 Methods for Determining Differences in Elevation 4.6 Categories of Levels 4.7 Telescopes 4.8 Level Vials 4.9 Tilting Levels 4.10 Automatic Levels 4.11 Digital Levels 4.12 Tripods 4.13 Hand Level 4.14 Level Rods 4.15 Testing and Adjusting Levels 5. Leveling—Field Procedures and ComputatIons 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Carrying and Setting Up a Level 5.3 Duties of a Rodperson 5.4 Differential Leveling 5.5 Precision 5.6 Adjustments of Simple Level Circuits 5.7 Reciprocal Leveling 5.8 Three-Wire Leveling 5.9 Profile Leveling 5.10 Grid, Cross-Section, or Borrow-Pit Leveling 5.11 Use of the Hand Level 5.12 Sources of Error in Leveling 5.13 Mistakes 5.14 Reducing Errors and Eliminating Mistakes 5.15 Using Software 6. Distance Measurement 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Summary of Methods For Making Linear Measurements 6.3 Pacing 6.4 Odometer Readings 6.5 Optical Rangefinders 6.6 Tacheometry 6.7 Subtense Bar 6.8 Introduction to Taping 6.9 Taping Equipment and Accessories 6.10 Care of Taping Equipment 6.11 Taping on Level Ground 6.12 Horizontal Measurements on Sloping Ground 6.13 Slope Measurements 6.14 Sources of Error in Taping 6.15 Introduction 6.16 Propagation of Electromagnetic Energy 6.17 Principles of Electronic Distance Measurement 6.18 Electro-Optical Instruments 6.19 Total Station Instruments 6.20 EDM Instruments Without Reflectors 6.21 Computing Horizontal Lengths From Slope Distances 6.22 Errors in Electronic Distance Measurement 6.23 Using Software 7. Angles, Azimuths, and BearIngs 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Units of Angle Measurement 7.3 Kinds of Horizontal Angles 7.4 Direction of a Line 7.5 Azimuths 7.6 Bearings 7.7 Comparison of Azimuths and Bearings 7.8 Computing Azimuths 7.9 Computing Bearings 7.10 The Compass and the Earth's Magnetic Field 7.11 Magnetic Declination 7.12 Variations in Magnetic Declination 7.13 Software for Determining Magnetic Declination 7.14 Local Attraction 7.15 Typical Magnetic Declination Problems 7.16 Mistakes 8. Total Station Instruments; Angle Observations 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Characteristics of Total Station Instruments 8.3 Functions Performed by Total Station Instruments 8.4 Parts of a Total Station Instrument 8.5 Handling and Setting up a Total Station Instrument 8.6 Servo-Driven and Remotely Operated Total Station Instruments 8.7 Relationship of Angles and Distances 8.8 Observing Horizontal Angles with Total Station Instruments 8.9 Observing Multiple Horizontal Angles by the Direction Method 8.10 Closing the Horizon 8.11 Observing Deflection Angles 8.12 Observing Azimuths 8.13 Observing Vertical Angles 8.14 Sights and Marks 8.15 Prolonging a Straight Line 8.16 Balancing-in 8.17 Random Traverse 8.18 Total Stations for Determining Elevation Differences 8.19 Adjustment of Total Station Instruments and their Accessories 8.20 Sources of Error in Total Station Work 8.21 Propagation of Random Errors in Angle Observations 8.22 Mistakes 9. Traversing 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Observation of Traverse Angles or Directions 9.3 Observation of Traverse Lengths 9.4 Selection of Traverse Stations 9.5 Referencing Traverse Stations 9.6 Traverse Field Notes 9.7 Angle Misclosure 9.8 Traversing with Total Station Instruments 9.9 Radial Traversing 9.10 Sources of Error in Traversing 9.11 Mistakes in Traversing 10. Traverse Computations 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Balancing Angles 10.3 Computation of Preliminary Azimuths or Bearings 10.4 Departures and Latitudes 10.5 Departure and Latitude Closure Conditions 10.6 Traverse Linear Misclosure and Relative Precision 10.7 Traverse Adjustment 10.8 Rectangular Coordinates 10.9 Alternative Methods for Making Traverse Computations 10.10 Inversing 10.11 Computing Final Adjusted Traverse Lengths and Directions 10.12 Coordinate Computations in Boundary Surveys 10.13 Use of Open Traverses 10.14 State Plane Coordinate Systems 10.15 Traverse Computations using Computers 10.16 Locating Blunders in Traverse Observations 10.17 Mistakes in Traverse Computations 11. CoordInate Geometry In SurveyIng Calculations 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Coordinate Forms of Equations for Lines and Circles 11.3 Perpendicular Distance from a Point to a Line 11.4 Intersection of Two Lines, Both Having Known Directions 11.5 Intersection of a Line with a Circle 11.6 Intersection of Two Circles 11.7 Three-Point Resection 11.8 Two-Dimensional Conformal Coordinate Transformation 11.9 Inaccessible Point Problem 11.10 Three-Dimensional Two-Point Resection 11.11 Software 12. Area 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Methods of Measuring Area 12.3 Area by Division into Simple Figures 12.4 Area by Offsets from Straight Lines 12.5 Area by Coordinates 12.6 Area by Double-Meridian Distance Method 12.7 Area of Parcels with Circular Boundaries 12.8 Partitioning of Lands 12.9 Area by Measurements from Maps 12.10 Software 12.11 Sources of Error in Determining Areas 12.12 Mistakes in Determining Areas 13. Global NavigatIon Satellite Systems—Introduction and Principles of Operation 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Overview of GPS 13.3 The GPS Signal 13.4 Reference Coordinate Systems 13.5 Fundamentals of Satellite Positioning 13.6 Errors in Observations 13.7 Differential Positioning 13.8 Kinematic Methods 13.9 Relative Positioning 13.10 Other Satellite Navigation Systems 13.11 The Future 14. Global Navigation SatellIte Systems—Static Surveys 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Field Procedures in Static GNSS Surveys 14.3 Planning Satellite Surveys 14.4 Performing Static Surveys 14.5 Data Processing and Analysis 14.6 Things to Consider 14.7 A Method for Obtaining Orthometric Height Differences Using GNSS 14.8 Sources of Errors in Satellite Surveys 14.9 Mistakes in Satellite Surveys 15. Global Navigation Satellite Systems—KInematic Surveys 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Planning of Kinematic Surveys 15.3 Initialization Techniques 15.4 Equipment Used in Kinematic Surveys 15.5 Methods Used in Kinematic Surveys 15.6 Performing Post-Processed Kinematic Surveys 15.7 Communication in Real-Time Kinematic Surveys 15.8 Real-Time Networks 15.9 Performing Real-Time Kinematic Surveys 15.10 Machine Guidance and Control 15.11 Errors in Kinematic Surveys 15.12 Mistakes in Kinematic Surveys 16. Adjustments by Least Squares 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Fundamental Condition of Least Squares 16.3 Least-Squares Adjustment by the Observation Equation Method 16.4 Matrix Methods in Least-Squares Adjustment 16.5 Matrix Equations for Precisions of Adjusted Quantities 16.6 Least-Squares Adjustment of Leveling Circuits 16.7 Propagation of Errors 16.8 Least-Squares Adjustment Of GNSS Baseline Vectors 16.9 Least-Squares Adjustment of Conventional Horizontal Plane Surveys 16.10 The Error Ellipse 16.11 Adjustment Procedures 16.12 Other Measures of Precision for Horizontal Stations 16.13 Software 16.14 Conclusions 17. Mapping Surveys 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Basic Methods for Performing Mapping Surveys 17.3 Map Scale 17.4 Control for Mapping Surveys 17.5 Contours 17.6 Characteristics of Contours 17.7 Method of Locating Contours 17.8 Digital Elevation Models and Automated Contouring Systems 17.9 Basic Field Methods for Locating Topographic Details 17.10 Planning a Laser-Scanning Survey 17.11 Three-Dimensional Conformal Coordinate Transformation 17.12 Selection of Field Method 17.13 Working with Survey Controllers and Field-to-Finish Software 17.14 Hydrographic Surveys 17.15 Sources of Error in Mapping Surveys 17.16 Mistakes in Mapping Surveys 18. Mapping 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Availability of Maps and Related Information 18.3 National Mapping Program 18.4 Accuracy Standards for Mapping 18.5 Manual and Computer-Aided Drafting Procedures 18.6 Map Design 18.7 Map Layout 18.8 Basic Map Plotting Procedures 18.9 Contour Interval 18.10 Plotting Contours 18.11 Lettering 18.12 Cartographic Map Elements 18.13 Drafting Materials 18.14 Automated Mapping and Computer-Aided Drafting Systems 18.15 Migrating Maps between Software Packages 18.16 Impacts of Modern Land and Geographic Information Systems on Mapping 18.17 The Importance of Metadata 18.18 Sources of Error in Mapping 18.19 Mistakes in Mapping 19. Control Surveys and GeodetIc ReductIons 19.1 Introduction 19.2 The Ellipsoid and Geoid 19.3 The Conventional Terrestrial Pole 19.4 Geodetic Position and Ellipsoidal Radii of Curvature 19.5 Geoid Undulation and De ection of the Vertical 19.6 U.S. Reference Frames 19.7 Transforming Coordinates Between Reference Frames 19.8 Accuracy Standards and Specifications for Control Surveys 19.9 The National Spatial Reference System 19.10 Hierarchy of the National Horizontal Control Network 19.11 Hierarchy of the National Vertical Control Network 19.12 Control Point Descriptions 19.13 Field Procedures for Conventional Horizontal Control Surveys 19.14 Field Procedures for Vertical-Control Surveys 19.15 Reduction of Field Observations to their Geodetic Values 19.16 Geodetic Position Computations 19.17 The Local Geodetic Coordinate System 19.18 Three-Dimensional Coordinate Computations 19.19 Software 20. State Plane CoordInates and Other Map Projections 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Projections Used in State Plane Coordinate Systems 20.3 Lambert Conformal Conic Projection 20.4 Transverse Mercator Projection 20.5 State Plane Coordinates in NAD 27 and NAD 83 20.6 Computing SPCS 83 Coordinates in the Lambert Conformal 20.7 Conic System 20.8 Computing SPCS 83 Coordinates in the Transverse Mercator System 603 Reduction of Distances and Angles to State Plane Coordinate Grids 20.9 Computing State Plane Coordinates of Traverse Stations 20.10 Surveys Extending from One Zone to Another 20.11 The Universal Transverse Mercator Projection 20.12 Other Map Projections 20.13 Ground Versus Grid Problem 20.14 Map Projection Software 21. Boundary Surveys 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Categories of Land Surveys 21.3 Historical Perspectives 21.4 Property Description by Metes and Bounds 21.5 Property Description by Block-and-Lot System 21.6 Property Description by Coordinates 21.7 Retracement Surveys 21.8 Subdivision Surveys 21.9 Partitioning Land 21.10 Registration of Title 21.11 Adverse Possession and Easements 21.12 Condominium Surveys 21.13 Geographic and Land Information Systems 21.14 Sources of Error in Boundary Surveys 21.15 Mistakes 22. Surveys of the PublIc Lands 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Instructions for Surveys of the Public Lands 22.3 Initial Point 22.4 Principal Meridian 22.5 Baseline 22.6 Standard Parallels (Correction Lines) 22.7 Guide Meridians 22.8 Township Exteriors, Meridional (Range) Lines, and Latitudinal (Township) Lines 22.9 Designation of Townships 22.10 Subdivision of a Quadrangle into Townships 22.11 Subdivision of a Township into Sections 22.12 Subdivision of Sections 22.13 Fractional Sections 22.14 Notes 22.15 Outline of Subdivision Steps 22.16 Marking Corners 22.17 Witness Corners 22.18 Meander Corners 22.19 Lost and Obliterated Corners 22.20 Accuracy of Public Land Surveys 22.21 Descriptions by Township Section, and Smaller Subdivision 22.22 BLM Land Information System 22.23 Sources of Error 22.24 Mistakes 23. ConstructIon Surveys 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Specialized Equipment for Construction Surveys 23.3 Horizontal and Vertical Control 23.4 Staking Out a Pipeline 23.5 Staking Pipeline Grades 23.6 Computing the Bend Angles in Pipelines 23.7 Staking Out a Building 23.8 Staking Out Highways 23.9 Other Construction Surveys 23.10 Construction Surveys Using Total Station Instruments 23.11 Construction Surveys Using GNSS Equipment 23.12 Machine Guidance and Control 23.13 As-built Surveys with Laser Scanning 23.14 Sources of Error in Construction Surveys 23.15 Mistakes 24. HorIzontal Curves 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Degree of Circular Curve 24.3 Definitions and Derivation of Circular Curve Formulas 24.4 Circular Curve Stationing 24.5 General Procedure of Circular Curve Layout by Deflection Angles 24.6 Computing Deflection Angles and Chords 24.7 Notes for Circular Curve Layout by Deflection Angles and Incremental Chords 24.8 Detailed Procedures for Circular Curve Layout by Deflection Angles and Incremental Chords 24.9 Setups on Curve 24.10 Metric Circular Curves by Deflection Angles and Incremental Chords 24.11 Circular Curve Layout by Deflection Angles and Total Chords 24.12 Computation of Coordinates on a Circular Curve 24.13 Circular Curve Layout by Coordinates 24.14 Curve Stakeout Using GNSS Receivers and Robotic Total Stations 24.15 Circular Curve Layout by Offsets 24.16 Special Circular Curve Problems 24.17 Compound and Reverse Curves 24.18 Sight Distance on Horizontal Curves 24.19 Spirals 24.20 Computation of “As-Built” Circular Alignments 24.21 Sources of Error in Laying Out Circular Curves 24.22 Mistakes 25. Vertical Curves 25.1 Introduction 25.2 General Equation of a Vertical Parabolic Curve 25.3 Equation of an Equal Tangent Vertical Parabolic Curve 25.4 High or Low Point on a Vertical Curve 25.5 Vertical Curve Computations Using the Tangent-Offset Equation 25.6 Equal Tangent Property of a Parabola 25.7 Curve Computations by Proportion 25.8 Staking a Vertical Parabolic Curve 25.9 Machine Control in Grading Operations 25.10 Computations for an Unequal Tangent Vertical Curve 25.11 Designing a Curve to Pass Through a Fixed Point 25.12 Sight Distance 25.13 Sources of Error in Laying out Vertical Curves 25.14 Mistakes 26. Volumes 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Methods of Volume Measurement 26.3 The Cross-Section Method 26.4 Types of Cross Sections 26.5 Average-End-Area Formula 26.6 Determining End Areas 26.7 Computing Slope Intercepts 26.8 Prismoidal Formula 26.9 Volume Computations 26.10 Unit-Area, or Borrow-Pit, Method 26.11 Contour-Area Method 26.12 Measuring Volumes of Water Discharge 26.13 Software 26.14 Sources of Error in Determining Volumes 26.15 Mistakes 27. Photogrammetry 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Uses of Photogrammetry 27.3 Aerial Cameras 27.4 Types of Aerial Photographs 27.5 Vertical Aerial Photographs 27.6 Scale of a Vertical Photograph 27.7 Ground Coordinates from a Single Vertical Photograph 27.8 Relief Displacement on a Vertical Photograph 27.9 Flying Height of a Vertical Photograph 27.10 Stereoscopic Parallax 27.11 Stereoscopic Viewing 27.12 Stereoscopic Measurement of Parallax 27.13 Analytical Photogrammetry 27.14 Stereoscopic Plotting Instruments 27.15 Orthophotos 27.16 Ground Control for Photogrammetry 27.17 Flight Planning 27.18 Airborne Laser-Mapping Systems 27.19 Remote Sensing 27.20 Software 27.21 Sources of Error in Photogrammetry 27.22 Mistakes 28. Introduction to GeographIc Information Systems 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Land Information Systems 28.3 GIS Data Sources and Classifications 28.4 Spatial Data 28.5 Nonspatial Data 28.6 Data Format Conversions 28.7 Creating GIS Databases 28.8 Metadata 28.9 GIS Analytical Functions 28.10 GIS Applications 28.11 Data Sources Appendix A: Tape Correction Problems Appendix B: Example Noteforms Appendix C: Astronomical Observations Appendix D: Using the Worksheets from the Companion Website Appendix E: Introduction to Matrices Appendix F: U.S. State Plane Coordinate System Defining ParametersAppendix G: Answers to Selected Problems
£202.46
Cornerstone Last Chance To See
Book SynopsisTakes you on a journey across the world in search of exotic, endangered creatures - animals that they may never get another chance to see. This book describes the giant Komodo dragon of Indonesia, the helpless but lovable Kakapo of New Zealand, the blind river dolphins of China, and the rare birds of Mauritius island in the Indian Ocean.Trade ReviewDescriptive writing of a high order ... this is an extremely intelligent book * The Times *In every case, the presence and personality of the endangered animals rise off the page - even when the authors don't manage to find them. The writing may be witty, but this book is a sobering reminder of what a very great deal we have to lose * Independent on Sunday *This is life or death stuff, but Adams is a writer who chooses not to shake his finger at the reader. He fails completely in the self-righteous-piety department. Instead he invites us to enter a conspiracy of laughter and caring * Los Angeles Times *It is a book one reads in a rush, always looking forward to the next perverse paragraph, wise insight or felicitous phrase * The Canberra Times *Last Chance to See brings out the best in Adams' writing ... constantly springing on the reader the kind of dizzying shift in perspective that was the stock in trade of Hitchhiker' * The Listener *
£12.34
MH - Indiana University Press Erased from Space and Consciousness
Book SynopsisTrade ReviewKadman provides a description of the systematic process of obfuscation, concealment, and erasure of the ruined villages, and the creation of a new map—the Israeli national map, the map of the Jewish country standing upon the ruins of ancient Judea. . . . The publication of Kadman's book is a cultural event of the first rank. (Reviewing the Hebrew edition) -- Ariel Hirschfeld * Haaretz *Crucial reading for understanding the Arab-Israeli conflict. * Publishers Weekly *Erased from Space and Consciousness is a case study in how geography and demography interact, and how politics and ideology shape material reality, which in turn shapes public consciousness. * The Jordan Times *...An intelligent, well-researched and fluently translated book that casts new light on the ways in which the State of Israel and its institutions have tried to eradicate the memory of Palestinian habitation of Palestine and the social discourses and narratives which underpin this project. * Electronic Intifada *In an age when each side to this conflict staunchly holds to its narrative of the past, many Israelis are likely to regard Kadman's book as an unwelcome reminder of a part of that past they would like to disregard. For students of that history, however, this study adds an important layer to the story. . . . Highly recommended. * Choice *Until now, the evidence for the ethnic cleansing of Palestine has been available only through websites that record what happened . . . or general historical surveys. Now Kadman has provided an exhaustive treatment. And for historians, this will be the go-to-volume for years to come. * Christian Research Journal *[Kadman] has certainly established that any serious discussion of the future must acknowledge the depopulation of 1948 and counter the ongoing policies and practices of erasure and forgetting. If we don't know what happened, we can't understand what is happenning now or figure out what to do next. * Huffington Post *Kadman's meticulous account of the physical destruction and subsequent socio-cultural marginalization of the Palestinian villages that were depopulated by the militias that eventually merged into the Israeli Defense Forces makes significant scientific and political contributions. It also raises broader philosophical and epistemological questions with regard to the production, maintenance, and consequences of collective, politically institutionalized amnesia. * Antipode *This is an excellent book and an important contribution to the field of Israel-Palestine studies. * Reading Religion *Table of ContentsForeword by Oren YiftachelAcknowledgmentsNote on TransliterationList of AbbreviationsList of Foreign TermsIntroduction1. Depopulation, Demolition, and Repopulation of the Village Sites2. National Identity, National Conflict, Space, and Memory3. The Depopulated Villages as Viewed by Jewish Residents4. Naming and Mapping the Depopulated Village Sites5. Depopulated Villages in Tourist and Recreational SitesConclusion: The Remains of the Past, A Look Toward the Future Appendix A: Maps and Lists of the Depopulated Palestinian VillagesAppendix B: Official Names Given to Depopulated Palestinian Villages by the Government Names CommitteeAppendix C: Mapping the Depopulated Palestinian Villages over the DecadesNotesBibliographyIndex
£22.49
University of California Press Risk and Culture
Book SynopsisHow, then, do people decide which risks to take and which to ignore? On what basis are certain dangers guarded against and others relegated to secondary status? This book explores how we decide what risks to take and which to ignore, both as individuals and as a culture.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction: Can We Know the Risks We Face? I Risks are Hidden II Risks are Selected III Scientists Disagree IV Assessment is Biased v The Center is Complacent VI The Border is Alarmed VII The Border Fears for Nature VIII America is a Border Country IX The Dialogue is Political Conclusion: Risk is a Collective Construct Notes Index
£21.25
University of California Press Sahel The End of the Road
Book SynopsisHighlights the larger meaning of what is happening to the author's subjects with an imagery that testifies to the fundamental dignity of all humanity while simultaneously protesting its violation by war, poverty, and other injustices.Trade Review"While art should speak for itself, Salgado's photography is first and foremost a documentary way of bearing witness to something else. His work is both an anguished cri de coeur and, although he professes not to be religions, something of a votive offering presented in the hopes of getting the attention of a world that sometimes seems to have fallen asleep." - Orville Schell, from the Foreword"Table of ContentsForeword Sahel: Man in Distress / Orville Schell Introduction Twenty Years Ago, and Later / Fred Ritchin Photographs Captions Afterword Salgado / Eduardo Galeano Biographical Note Acknowledgments
£45.05
University of California Press Reintroduction of Fish and Wildlife Populations
Book SynopsisProvides a practical step-by-step guide to successfully planning, implementing, and evaluating the re-establishment of animal populations in former habitats or their introduction in new environments. This book covers a broad range of taxonomic groups, ecosystems, and global regions.Table of ContentsContributors Foreword Joel Berger 1 • ANIMAL REINTRODUCTION IN THE ANTHROPOCENE David S. Jachowski, Rob Slotow, Paul L. Angermeier, and Joshua J. Millspaugh Part 1 • What Are Reintroductions and When Are They Appropriate? 2 • REINTRODUCTION AND OTHER CONSERVATION TRANSLOCATIONS: HISTORY AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS Philip J. Seddon and Doug P. Armstrong 3 • A CONSERVATION PALEOBIOLOGY PERSPECTIVE ON REINTRODUCTION: CONCEPTS, VARIABLES, AND DISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION R. Lee Lyman Part 2 • Setting Goals 4 • HUMAN DIMENSIONS INSIGHTS FOR REINTRODUCTIONS OF FISH AND WILDLIFE POPULATIONS Shaun J. Riley and Camilla Sandström 5 • THE REINTRODUCTION LANDSCAPE: FINDING SUCCESS AT THE INTERSECTION OF ECOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSIONS Jason B. Dunham, Rollie White, Chris S. Allen, Bruce G. Marcot, and Dan Shively 6 • SETTING OBJECTIVES AND DEFINING THE SUCCESS OF REINTRODUCTIONS Alienor L. M. Chauvenet, Stefano Canessa, and John G. Ewen 7 • DEMOGRAPHIC MODELING FOR REINTRODUCTION DECISION-MAKING Sarah J. Converse and Doug P. Armstrong Part 3 • Obstacles to Successful Reintroductions 8 • GENETIC ISSUES IN REINTRODUCTION Iris Biebach, Deborah M. Leigh, Kasia Sluzek, and Lukas F. Keller 9 • ACCOUNTING FOR POTENTIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND COMMUNITY-LEVEL RESPONSES TO REINTRODUCTION David S. Jachowski, Samantha BremnerHarrison, David A. Steen, and Kim Aarestrup 10 • WHY YOU CANNOT IGNORE DISEASE WHEN YOU REINTRODUCE ANIMALS Erin Muths and Hamish McCallum 11 • RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS AND TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE CONSERVATION TRANSLOCATION SUCCESS Axel Moehrenschlager and Natasha A. Lloyd Part 4 • Managing Reintroduced Populations 12 • EFFECTIVE AND PURPOSEFUL MONITORING OF SPECIES REINTRODUCTIONS Robert A. Gitzen, Barbara J. Keller, Melissa A. Miller, Scott M. Goetz, David A. Steen, David S. Jachowski, James C. Godwin, and Joshua J. Millspaugh 13 • MANAGEMENT OF REINTRODUCED WILDLIFE POPULATIONS Matt W. Hayward and Rob Slotow 14 • OUTREACH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOR REINTRODUCTION PROGRAMS Anna L. George and Estelle A. Sandhaus 15 • THE FUTURE OF ANIMAL REINTRODUCTION David S. Jachowski, Rob Slotow, Paul L. Angermeier, and Joshua J. Millspaugh Index
£47.20
John Wiley & Sons Inc Environmental Physics
Book Synopsis* An introduction to physics in the context of societal problems as energy, pollution, climate change and finite resources of fossil fuels and uranium. * Emphasis in the book will be on physics, on the concepts and principles that help in understanding the ways to produce energy or to mitigate climate change.Table of Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 A Sustainable Energy Supply 1 1.2 The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change 3 1.3 Light Absorption in Nature as a Source of Energy 4 1.4 The Contribution of Science: Understanding, Modelling and Monitoring 5 Exercises 6 References 6 2 Light and Matter 7 2.1 The Solar Spectrum 7 2.1.1 Radiation from a Black Body 7 2.1.2 Emission Spectrum of the Sun 9 2.2 Interaction of Light with Matter 12 2.2.1 Electric Dipole Moments of Transitions 12 2.2.2 Einstein Coefficients 14 2.2.3 Absorption of a Beam of Light: Lambert-Beer’s Law 16 2.3 Ultraviolet Light and Biomolecules 19 2.3.1 Spectroscopy of Biomolecules 20 2.3.2 Damage to Life from Solar UV 21 2.3.3 The Ozone Filter as Protection 22 Exercises 28 References 28 3 Climate and Climate Change 31 3.1 The Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere 32 3.2 The Radiation Balance and the Greenhouse Effect 36 3.2.1 Simple Changes in the Radiation Balance 39 3.2.2 Radiation Transfer 41 3.2.3 A Simple Analytical Model 44 3.2.4 Radiative Forcing and Global Warming 45 3.2.5 The Greenhouse Gases 48 3.3 Dynamics in the Climate System 51 3.3.1 Horizontal Motion of Air 53 3.3.2 Vertical Motion of Ocean Waters 58 3.3.3 Horizontal Motion of Ocean Waters 59 3.4 Natural Climate Variability 59 3.5 Modelling Human-Induced Climate Change 62 3.5.1 The Carbon Cycle 63 3.5.2 Structure of Climate Modelling 66 3.5.3 Modelling the Atmosphere 67 3.5.4 A Hierarchy of Models 70 3.6 Analyses of IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 70 3.7 Forecasts of Climate Change 70 Exercises 74 References 76 4 Heat Engines 77 4.1 Heat Transfer and Storage 78 4.1.1 Conduction 79 4.1.2 Convection 82 4.1.3 Radiation 82 4.1.4 Phase Change 83 4.1.5 The Solar Collector 84 4.1.6 The Heat Diffusion Equation 87 4.1.7 Heat Storage 90 4.2 Principles of Thermodynamics 91 4.2.1 First and Second Laws 91 4.2.2 Heat and Work; Carnot Efficiency 95 4.2.3 Efficiency of a ‘Real’ Heat Engine 97 4.2.4 Second Law Efficiency 98 4.2.5 Loss of Exergy in Combustion 101 4.3 Idealized Cycles 103 4.3.1 Carnot Cycle 103 4.3.2 Stirling Engine 104 4.3.3 Steam Engine 105 4.3.4 Internal Combustion 107 4.3.5 Refrigeration 110 4.4 Electricity as Energy Carrier 113 4.4.1 Varying Grid Load 114 4.4.2 Co-Generation of Heat and Electricity 115 4.4.3 Storage of Electric Energy 117 4.4.4 Transmission of Electric Power 123 4.5 Pollution from Heat Engines 125 4.5.1 Nitrogen Oxides Nox 125 4.5.2 So2 126 4.5.3 CO and CO2 126 4.5.4 Aerosols 127 4.5.5 Volatile Organic Compounds VOC 128 4.5.6 Thermal Pollution 129 4.5.7 Regulations 129 4.6 The Private Car 129 4.6.1 Power Needs 130 4.6.2 Automobile Fuels 131 4.6.3 Three-Way Catalytic Converter 132 4.6.4 Electric Car 133 4.6.5 Hybrid Car 134 4.7 Economics of Energy Conversion 134 4.7.1 Capital Costs 134 4.7.2 Learning Curve 138 Exercises 138 References 142 5 Renewable Energy 145 5.1 Electricity from the Sun 146 5.1.1 Varying Solar Input 146 5.1.2 Electricity from Solar Heat: Concentrating Solar Power CSP 150 5.1.3 Direct Conversion of Light into Electricity: Photovoltaics PV 152 5.2 Energy from the Wind 159 5.2.1 Betz Limit 160 5.2.2 Aerodynamics 162 5.2.3 Wind Farms 165 5.2.4 Vertical Wind Profile 165 5.2.5 Wind Statistics 167 5.2.6 State of the Art and Outlook 168 5.3 Energy from the Water 169 5.3.1 Power from Dams 169 5.3.2 Power from Flowing Rivers 170 5.3.3 Power from Waves 170 5.3.4 Power from the Tides 174 5.4 Bio Energy 175 5.4.1 Thermodynamics of Bio Energy 175 5.4.2 Stability 180 5.4.3 Solar Efficiency 180 5.4.4 Energy from Biomass 182 5.5 Physics of Photosynthesis 183 5.5.1 Basics of Photosynthesis 184 5.5.2 Light-Harvesting Antennas 185 5.5.3 Energy Transfer Mechanism 187 5.5.4 Charge Separation 190 5.5.5 Flexibility and Disorder 193 5.5.6 Photoprotection 193 5.5.7 Research Directions 195 5.6 Organic Photocells: the Grätzel Cell 196 5.6.1 The Principle 196 5.6.2 Efficiency 199 5.6.3 New Developments and the Future 202 5.6.4 Applications 203 5.7 Bio Solar Energy 203 5.7.1 Comparison of Biology and Technology 204 5.7.2 Legacy Biochemistry 207 5.7.3 Artificial Photosynthesis 209 5.7.4 Solar Fuels with Photosynthetic Microorganisms: Two Research Questions 213 5.7.5 Conclusion 213 Exercises 215 References 217 6 Nuclear Power 221 6.1 Nuclear Fission 222 6.1.1 Principles 222 6.1.2 Four Factor Formula 226 6.1.3 Reactor Equations 229 6.1.4 Stationary Reactor 231 6.1.5 Time Dependence of a Reactor 233 6.1.6 Reactor Safety 234 6.1.7 Nuclear Explosives 237 6.2 Nuclear Fusion 238 6.3 Radiation and Health 244 6.3.1 Definitions 244 6.3.2 Norms on Exposure to Radiation 245 6.3.3 Normal Use of Nuclear Power 247 6.3.4 Radiation from Nuclear Accidents 247 6.3.5 Health Aspects of Fusion 247 6.4 Managing the Fuel Cycle 248 6.4.1 Uranium Mines 249 6.4.2 Enrichment 249 6.4.3 Fuel Burnup 252 6.4.4 Reprocessing 252 6.4.5 Waste Management 253 6.4.6 Nonproliferation 256 6.5 Fourth Generation Nuclear Reactors 257 Exercises 258 References 259 7 Dispersion of Pollutants 261 7.1 Diffusion 262 7.1.1 Diffusion Equation 262 7.1.2 Point Source in Three Dimensions in Uniform Wind 267 7.1.3 Effect of Boundaries 269 7.2 Dispersion in Rivers 270 7.2.1 One-Dimensional Approximation 271 7.2.2 Influence of Turbulence 275 7.2.3 Example: A Calamity Model for the Rhine River 277 7.2.4 Continuous Point Emission 278 7.2.5 Two Numerical Examples 280 7.2.6 Improvements 281 7.2.7 Conclusion 282 7.3 Dispersion in Groundwater 282 7.3.1 Basic Definitions 283 7.3.2 Darcy’s Equations 286 7.3.3 Stationary Applications 290 7.3.4 Dupuit Approximation 295 7.3.5 Simple Flow in a Confined Aquifer 298 7.3.6 Time Dependence in a Confined Aquifer 301 7.3.7 Adsorption and Desorption of Pollutants 302 7.4 Mathematics of Fluid Dynamics 304 7.4.1 Stress Tensor 304 7.4.2 Equations of Motion 308 7.4.3 Newtonian Fluids 309 7.4.4 Navier-Stokes Equation 310 7.4.5 Reynolds Number 311 7.4.6 Turbulence 313 7.5 Gaussian Plumes in the Air 317 7.5.1 Statistical Analysis 319 7.5.2 Continuous Point Source 321 7.5.3 Gaussian Plume from a High Chimney 322 7.5.4 Empirical Determination of the Dispersion Coefficients 323 7.5.5 Semi-Empirical Determination of the Dispersion Parameters 324 7.5.6 Building a Chimney 325 7.6 Turbulent Jets and Plumes 326 7.6.1 Dimensional Analysis 328 7.6.2 Simple Jet 329 7.6.3 Simple Plume 331 Exercises 333 References 334 8 Monitoring with Light 337 8.1 Overview of Spectroscopy 337 8.1.1 Population of Energy Levels and Intensity of Absorption Lines 341 8.1.2 Transition Dipole Moment: Selection Rules 341 8.1.3 Linewidths 342 8.2 Atomic Spectra 345 8.2.1 One-Electron Atoms 345 8.2.2 Many-Electron Atoms 346 8.3 Molecular Spectra 347 8.3.1 Rotational Transitions 347 8.3.2 Vibrational Transitions 349 8.3.3 Electronic Transitions 353 8.4 Scattering 359 8.4.1 Raman Scattering 359 8.4.2 Resonance Raman Scattering 360 8.4.3 Rayleigh Scattering 361 8.4.4 Mie Scattering 362 8.4.5 Scattering in the Atmosphere 362 8.5 Remote Sensing by Satellites 362 8.5.1 ENVISAT Satellite 362 8.5.2 SCIAMACHY’s Operation 362 8.5.3 Analysis 364 8.5.4 Ozone Results 368 8.6 Remote Sensing by Lidar 368 8.6.1 Lidar Equation and DIAL 369 8.6.2 Range-Resolved Cloud and Aerosol Optical Properties 371 Exercises 376 References 377 9 The Context of Society 379 9.1 Using Energy Resources 380 9.1.1 Energy Consumption 380 9.1.2 Energy Consumption and Resources 382 9.1.3 Energy Efficiency 383 9.1.4 Comparing Energy Resources 384 9.1.5 Energy Options 387 9.1.6 Conclusion 388 9.2 Fresh Water 389 9.3 Risks 389 9.3.1 Small Concentrations of Harmful Chemicals 390 9.3.2 Acceptable Risks 392 9.3.3 Small Probability for a Large Harm 393 9.3.4 Dealing with Uncertainties 394 9.4 International Efforts 396 9.4.1 Protection of the Ozone Layer 396 9.4.2 Protection of Climate 396 9.5 Global Environmental Management 398 9.5.1 Self-Organized Criticality 398 9.5.2 Conclusion 401 9.6 Science and Society 401 9.6.1 Nature of Science 401 9.6.2 Control of Science 402 9.6.3 Aims of Science 402 9.6.4 A New Social Contract between Science and Society 404 Exercises and social questions 405 Social questions 405 References 406 Appendix A: Physical and Numerical Constants 409 Appendix B: Vector Algebra 411 Appendix C: Gauss, Delta and Error Functions 419 Appendix D: Experiments in a Student’s Lab 423 Appendix E: Web Sites 425 Appendix F: Omitted Parts of the Second Edition 427 Index 429
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