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Book SynopsisBuilding on the NLP model of personally and meta programmes, this text focuses not on what people are but how they function.Trade Review"Unique... an outstanding contribution to this area which lies at the heart of NLP." - Wyatt Woodsmall Ph.D.

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Book SynopsisUse the step-by-step approach of this book to learn and implement design patterns in real-world applications. It focuses on classical design patterns with Java 17 and Eclipse (2021-09). In addition to Gang of Four (GoF) design patterns, the book covers popular and alternative design patterns and includes criticisms of design patterns in a chapter on anti-patterns. The book is divided into four parts. Part one covers the SOLID design principles and the Simple Factory pattern. Part two covers the 23 (GoF) design patterns, including the creational patterns, structural patterns, and behavioral patterns. Part three covers alternative design patterns, including the Null Object pattern, and the model-view-controller (MVC) pattern. Part four covers criticisms of design patterns with a quick overview of anti-patterns. It also includes a chapter on FAQs on design patterns.The book also includes a chapter on FAQs on design patterns. Each pattern is explained with realTable of Contents Part-I: FoundationChapter 1: SOLID PrinciplesChapter Goal: To discuss all the 5 fundamental design principles-SRP, OCP, LSP, ISP, and DIPSub - Topics SRP, OCP, LSP, ISP, and DIPChapter 2: Simple Factory PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the simple factory pattern a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. It is the foundation for the factory method pattern and abstract factory pattern in Part II.Part-II: Gang of Four Design Patterns2.A: Creational PatternsChapter 3: Factory Method PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the factory method pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 4: Abstract Factory PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the abstract factory pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 5: Prototype PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the prototype pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 6: Builder PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the builder pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 7: Singleton PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the singleton pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. 2.B: Structural PatternsChapter 8: Proxy PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the proxy pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 9: Decorator PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the decorator pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 10: Adapter PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the adapter pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 11: Facade PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the facade pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 12: Flyweight PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the flyweight pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 13: Composite PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the composite pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 14: Bridge PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the bridge pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. 2.C: Behavioral PatternsChapter 15: Visitor PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the visitor pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 16: Observer PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the observer pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 17: Strategy PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the strategy pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 18: Template Method PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the template method pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 19: Command PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the command pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 20: Iterator PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the iterator pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 21: Memento PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the memento pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 22: State PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the state pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 23: Mediator PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the mediator pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 24: Chain of Responsibility PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the chain of responsibility pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 25: Interpreter PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the interpreter pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Part-II: Additional Design PatternsChapter 26: Null Object PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the null object pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Chapter 27: MVC PatternChapter Goal: To discuss the MVC pattern with the GoF definition and the core concept behind that with a real-life example and a computer world example. The chapter ends with a concrete implementation and its corresponding output. Part-III: Final talks on Design PatternsChapter 28: Criticism to Design PatternsChapter Goal: To discuss the criticism to design patternsChapter 29: Brief overview of Anti-PatternsChapter Goal: To discuss the anti-patternsChapter 30: FAQChapter Goal: This chapter will consist of the frequently asked questions to help readers with a quick revision. This chapter will also clear the doubts that may arise among similar patterns.

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Book SynopsisTaking you on a voyage of discovery through R and RStudio, this completely updated second edition combines real-world examples and humour with a hands-on'how to' approach that brings statistics and programming to life.In his characteristic irreverent and engaging style, Andy Field takes a fun and flexible yet rigorous approach to doing statistics in a book that: Builds statistical understanding at an accessible pace, giving you the confidence to develop your statistics and programming knowledge Encourages self-testing and reflection so you can practice your new skills Offers support and resources for whatever your learning style and wherever you are on your journey via a cast of colourful characters With an exciting new look and new characters to meet, this is the go-to text for anyone in the social and behavioural sciences who wants to learn about statistics in R and R Studio.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPART I: CHILDREN AND LEARNING: How Does it Happen? Chapter 1: LEARNING & TEACHING: Charting the Course The Shift from Behaviourism to Cognitivism to Constructivism Cognitive Development Off to School The Importance of Experience in Cognitive Development Key Aspects of Cognitive Development Major Theorists John Dewey Jean Piaget Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development Social Cognition And Social Constructivism Lev Vygotsky The Theory Of Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner Emotional Development Daniel Goleman Physical Development Physical Development in Younger Children Physical Development in the Primary Grades Physical Development in the Junior and Intermediate Grades Summary Chapter 2: CONSTRUCTIVISM: Making Connections, Risk-Taking, and Other Sundry Bits What is Constructivism? Bruner Thinks About Thinking How Children Construct Knowledge Educating the Whole Child Examining the 3 Cs: A Rationale for Teaching the Whole Child Incorporating Students' Interests into Learning The Reggio Emilia Approach Setting the Stage for Using Prediction: Adaptation Revisited Adaptation in Action: The Prediction Learning Cycle Summary of How the Prediction Learning Process Works The Importance of Risk-taking The Serious Business Of Play Key Characteristics of Play Play: Is It a Valuable and Viable Part of Learning? How Children Use Play Play and Older Students Piaget's Stages Revisited Organizing the Constructivist Classroom and the Role of the Teacher in Constructivism Summary Chapter 3: AUTONOMY: A Self-Starter is Born Invitational Learning Autonomy Moral Autonomy ("Free will") Intellectual Autonomy ("Free choice") Practical Applications of Autonomous Teaching Autonomy and Play Self-Concept & Self-Esteem Self-Esteem Creating An Atmosphere For Learning Summary Chapter 4: THE BRAIN IN A PLAIN BROWN WRAPPER: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Brain and Might Be Afraid to Ask The Human Brain Key Brain Structures How a Message is Transmitted Brain Development in Young Children The Role of Activity in Brain Growth and Development If You Don't Use It, You'll Lose It Novelty, Laughter, & Learning "Food" for Thought Hemispheric Specialization How the Hemispheres of the Brain Work Adaptability and Flexibility Important Considerations for Learning Cognitive Theory and the Human Brain Learning Is an Active Process Learning Is Non-linear Learning Is Multi-dimensional Learning Is Set Within a Social Context Learning Is Influenced by the Affective Domain Learning Is Concerned with Cognition and Metacognition Attention and the Brain Summary: Developing the Brain-Compatible Classroom Part II CREATING THE ROAD MAP FOR TEACHING & LEARNING Chapter 5: PLANNING: The Itinerary Getting Started: The "How People Learn" Framework Knowledge Students Communities Evidence Planning to Account for Knowledge, Student, Community, and Evidence Getting Started Theme Planning Planning for Centres: Is It Necessary? Professional Planning Summary Chapter 6: STARTING WITH WHAT YOU HAVE: Organizing Time, Space, and Materials Starting with the School: Design Principles So What? Classroom Design Primary and Upper Elementary Classroom Organization: The Same or Different Matching Classroom Design and Teaching Philosophy Classroom Decoration? Yours, Mine, and Ours Storage: Things to Think About What Will You Do All Day? Thinking Through the Timetable Biological Issues Subject and Division Issues Organizing Units Daily Schedules Time Management Managing Resources Centres in the Classroom Summary Chapter 7: STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING: The Teacher's Tool Kit Teaching Strategies Personal Attitude and Management Skills Classroom Management Questioning Skills Organization Strategies Cooperative Learning The Integrated Day Approach Rationale for Using the Integrated Day Plan Sheets: A Method of Planning, Implementing, Adjusting, and Tracking in the Integrated Day Benefits of the Integrated Day Approach Summary Chapter 8: THE CURRICULUM: Organizing Pieces of the Puzzle Views of Curriculum Curriculum: A Contested Arena Curriculum Control in Canada Curriculum Development and Implementation Curriculum Mapping for the Classroom Teacher Subject Matter: Does It Matter? (Or should there be content-free curriculum) A Current Curriculum Issue: Does One Size Fit All? Student Engagement and Alternative Curriculum Approaches Problem- or Project-based Learning Integration Across the Curriculum Curriculum Orientation Summary Chapter 9: ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION: The Glass is Half Full Assessment: The Context of Public Accountability Principles of Authentic Accountability Testing, Testing, and More Testing: Children, Tests, and Teacher Expectations Evaluation and Assessment: The Same or Different? Authentic Assessment: What Is It? Strategies for Assessment Data, Data, and More Data: Answering the "So What?" Question Teacher Performance Appraisals Summary Part III ENHANCING CHILDREN'S THINKING Chapter 10: ADJUSTING THE PROGRAM: One Size Does Not Fit All What is Diversity? Cultural and Linguistic Diversity Maintaining and Fostering Socio-cultural Awareness Multiliteracy Pedagogy: An Overview Valuing Cultural and Linguistic Diversity Another Form of Diversity: The Special Needs Student Inclusive Pedagogy Diversity, Engagement, and Student Achievement Summary Chapter 11: ENRICHMENT: Letting the Genie Out of the Bottle The Process of Thinking Creative Thinking Creativity and the Arts How Teachers Can Foster Creativity Critical Thinking Problem Solving Encouraging Thinking & Promoting Metacognition How Teachers Can Facilitate Metacognition The Importance of Thinking Skills Thinking Skills Revisits Questioning Graphic Organizers Mind Mapping Making Connections Summary Part IV LOOKING AT THE BIG PICTURE Chapter 12: ESTABLISHING BALANCE: Putting It Together Begin at the Beginning: What Makes a Good Teacher Becoming a Co-Learner: Assuming a Critically Reflective Stance A Learning Community: What Is It? Action Research as a Means to Understand Teaching Parents, Teachers, and Schools: Partners? Getting to Know Parents: What to Do? Preparing to Meet Parents: First Impressions Matter Understanding Performance Appraisal: Teacher Evaluation Self Evaluation The Creation of the Context for Sharing: No More Boundaries Summary: Finding Balance-Taking Care of the Self Chapter 13: CLOSING THOUGHTS: "This Way to the Egress!" Alphabet Soup? The 3 Rs What is Effective Teaching? Professional Learning Communities Learning with Colleagues Benefits of Participation in a Professional Learning Community Moral Development Character Education The Only Constant is Change Educational Reform and Leadership Initiatives in Teacher Education The ABC's of Beginning Teaching Final Inspirational Thoughts: A Credo for Children Summary

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Book SynopsisThis volume is dedicated to the theme “Combinatorial Optimization – Theoretical Computer Science: Interfaces and Perspectives” and has two main objectives: the first is to show that bringing together operational research and theoretical computer science can yield useful results for a range of applications, while the second is to demonstrate the quality and range of research conducted by the LAMSADE in these areas.Table of ContentsChapter 1. The Complexity of Single Machine Scheduling Problems under Scenario-based Uncertainty (M. A. Aloulou, F. Della Croce). Chapter 2. (Non)-Approximability Results for the Multi-criteria Min and Max TSP(1, 2) (E. Angel, E. Bampis, L. Gourvès, J. Monnot). Chapter 3. Online Models for Set-covering: the Flaw of Greediness (G. Ausiello, A. Giannakos, V. Th. Paschos). Chapter 4. Comparison of Expressiveness for Timed Automata and Time Petri Nets (B. Bérard, F. Cassez, S. Haddad, D. Lime, O. H. Roux). Chapter 5. A “Maximum Node Clustering” Problem (G. Carello, F. Della Croce, A. Grosso, M. Locatelli). Chapter 6. The Patrolling Problem: Theoretical and Experimental Results (Y. Chevaleyre). Chapter 7. Restricted Classes of Utility Functions for Simple Negotiation Schemes: Sufficiency, Necessity and Maximality (Y. Chevaleyre, U. Endriss, N. Maudet). Chapter 8. Worst-case Complexity of Exact Algorithms for NP-hard Problems (F. Della Croce, B. Escoffier, M. Kaminski, V. Th. Paschos). Chapter 9. The Online Track Assignment Problem (M. Demange, G. Di Stefano, B. Leroy-Beaulieu). Chapter 10. Complexity and Approximation Results for the Min Weighted Node Coloring Problem (M. Demange et al). Chapter 11. Weighted Edge Coloring (M. Demange et al). Chapter 12. An Extensive Comparison of 0-1 Linear Programs for the Daily Satellite Mission Planning (Virginie Gabrel). Chapter 13. Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition for Linearly Constrained Stable Set Problem (Virginie Gabrel). Chapter 14. Algorithmic Games (Aristotelis Giannakos et al). Chapter 15. Flows! (Michel Koskas, Cécile Murat). Chapter 16. The Complexity of the Exact Weighted Independent Set Problem (Martin Milanic, Jérôme Monnot). Chapter 17. The Labeled Perfect Matching in Bipartite Graphs: Complexity and (in) Approximability (Jérôme Monnot). Chapter 18. Complexity and Approximation Results for Bounded-size Paths Packing Problems (Jérôme Monnot, Sophie Toulouse). Chapter 19. An Upper Bound for the Integer Quadratic Multi-knapsack Problem (Dominique Quadri, Eric Soutif, Pierre Tolla). List of Authors. Index.

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Book SynopsisCENELEC EN 50128 and IEC 62279 standards are applicable to the performance of software in the railway sector. The 2011 version of the 50128 standard firms up the techniques and methods to be implemented. This is a guide to its implementation, in order to understand the foundations of the standard and how it impacts on the activities to be undertaken, helping towards better a preparation for the independent evaluation phase, which is mandatory.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION xiii CHAPTER 1. FROM THE SYSTEM TO THE SOFTWARE 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Command/control system 2 1.3. System 6 1.4. Software application 8 1.4.1. What is software? 8 1.4.2. Different types of software 9 1.4.3. The software application in its proper context 10 1.5. Conclusion 11 CHAPTER 2. RAILWAY STANDARDS 13 2.1. Introduction 13 2.2. Generic standards 14 2.2.1. Introduction 14 2.2.2. Safety levels 15 2.3. History between CENELEC and the IEC 16 2.4. CENELEC referential framework 17 2.4.1. Introduction 17 2.4.2. Description 18 2.4.3. Implementation 21 2.4.4. Software safety 22 2.4.5. Safety versus availability 22 2.5. EN 50155 standard 23 2.6. CENELEC 50128 26 2.6.1. Introduction 26 2.6.2. SSIL management 26 2.6.3. Comparison of 2001 and 2011 versions 28 2.7. Conclusion 30 CHAPTER 3. RISK AND SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL 31 3.1. Introduction 31 3.2. Basic definitions 31 3.3. Safety enforcement 37 3.3.1. What is safety? 37 3.3.2. Safety management 40 3.3.3. Safety integrity 47 3.3.4. Determination of the SIL 50 3.3.5. SIL table 55 3.3.6. Allocation of SILs 56 3.3.7. SIL management 57 3.3.8. Software SIL 58 3.3.9. Iterative process 59 3.3.10. Identification of safety requirements 60 3.4. In IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 61 3.4.1. Risk graph 62 3.4.2. LOPA 64 3.4.3. Overview 66 3.5. Conclusion 66 CHAPTER 4. SOFTWARE ASSURANCE 67 4.1. Introduction 67 4.2. Prerequisites 67 4.3. Quality assurance 68 4.3.1. Introduction 68 4.3.2. Quality assurance management 69 4.3.3. Realization of a software application 73 4.3.4. Software quality assurance plan (SQAP) 75 4.4. Organization 78 4.4.1. Typical organization 78 4.4.2. Skill management 80 4.5. Configuration management 82 4.6. Safety assurance management 84 4.7. Verification and validation 86 4.7.1. Introduction 86 4.7.2. Verification 87 4.7.3. Validation 103 4.8. Independent assessment 104 4.9. Tool qualification 104 4.10. Conclusion 105 4.11. Appendix A: list of quality documents to be produced 106 4.12. Appendix B: structure of a software quality assurance plan 106 CHAPTER 5. REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT 109 5.1. Introduction 109 5.2. Requirements acquisition phase 110 5.2.1. Introduction 110 5.2.2. Requirements elicitation 111 5.2.3. Process of analysis and documentation 119 5.2.4. Verification and validation of the requirements 126 5.3. Requirements specification 129 5.3.1. Requirements characterization 129 5.3.2. Characterization of requirements specification 135 5.3.3. Expression of requirements 135 5.3.4. Requirements validation 140 5.4. Requirements realization 140 5.4.1. Process 140 5.4.2. Verification 141 5.4.3. Traceability 143 5.4.4. Change management 146 5.5. Requirements management 150 5.5.1. Activities 150 5.5.2. Two approaches 151 5.5.3. Implementation of tools 152 5.6. Conclusion 154 CHAPTER 6. DATA PREPARATION 155 6.1. Introduction 155 6.2. Recap 156 6.3. Issue 156 6.4. Data-parameter-based system 158 6.4.1. Introduction 158 6.4.2. Characterization of data 161 6.4.3. Service inhibition 162 6.4.4. Overview 164 6.5. From the system to the software 165 6.5.1. Need 165 6.5.2. What the CENELEC framework does not say 167 6.6. Data preparation process 169 6.6.1. Context 169 6.6.2. Presentation of section 8 of the CENELEC 50128:2011 standard 170 6.7. Data preparation process 174 6.7.1. Management of the data preparation process 174 6.7.2. Verification 182 6.7.3. Specification phase 182 6.7.4. Architecture phase 186 6.7.5. Data production 190 6.7.6. Integration of the application and acceptance of the tests 196 6.7.7. Validation and evaluation of the application 197 6.7.8. Procedure and tools for preparation of the application 197 6.7.9. Development of generic software 198 6.8. Conclusion 199 6.9. Appendix: documentation to be produced 199 CHAPTER 7. GENERIC APPLICATION 201 7.1. Introduction 201 7.2. Software application realization process 201 7.3. Realization of a generic application 203 7.3.1. Specification phase 203 7.3.2. Architecture and component design phase 213 7.3.3. Component design phase 236 7.3.4. Coding phase 242 7.3.5. Execution of component tests 243 7.3.6. Software integration phase 246 7.3.7. Overall software testing phase 247 7.4. Some feedback on past experience 249 7.5. Conclusion 250 7.6. Appendix A: the programming language “Ada” 251 7.7. Appendix B: the programming language “C” 253 7.7.1. Introduction 253 7.7.2. The difficulty with C 253 7.7.3. MISRA-C 254 7.7.4. Example of a rule 255 7.8. Appendix C: introduction to object-oriented languages 255 7.9. Appendix D: documentation needing to be produced 258 CHAPTER 8. MODELING AND FORMALIZATION 261 8.1. Introduction 261 8.2. Modeling 261 8.2.1. Objectives 261 8.2.2. Different types of modeling 263 8.2.3. Model 264 8.3. Use of formal techniques and formal methods 265 8.3.1. Definitions 265 8.3.2. UML 268 8.4. Brief introduction to formal methods 269 8.4.1. Recap 269 8.4.2. Usage in the railway domain 270 8.4.3. Summary 276 8.5. Implementation of formal methods 279 8.5.1. Conventional processes 279 8.5.2. Process including formal methods 280 8.5.3. Issues 282 8.6. Maintenance of the software application 284 8.7. Conclusion 285 CHAPTER 9. TOOL QUALIFICATION 287 9.1. Introduction 287 9.2. Concept of qualification 288 9.2.1. Issue 288 9.2.2. CENELEC 50128:2001 288 9.2.3. DO-178 291 9.2.4. IEC 61508 292 9.2.5. ISO 26262 293 9.3. CENELEC 50128:2011 293 9.3.1. Introduction 293 9.3.2. Qualification file 294 9.3.3. Qualification process 295 9.3.4. Implementation of the qualification process 297 9.4. Fitness for purpose 305 9.4.1. Design method 305 9.4.2. In case of incompatibility 305 9.4.3. Code generation 306 9.5. Version management 306 9.5.1. Identification of versions 306 9.5.2. Bug/defect analysis 307 9.5.3. Changing versions 307 9.6. Qualification process 307 9.6.1. Qualification file 307 9.6.2. Ultimately 308 9.6.3. Qualification of non-commercial tools 308 9.7. Conclusion 308 CHAPTER 10. MAINTENANCE AND DEPLOYMENT 309 10.1. Introduction 309 10.2. Requirements 309 10.2.1. Fault management 309 10.2.2. Managing changes 310 10.3. Deployment 312 10.3.1. Issue 312 10.3.2. Implementation 313 10.3.3. In reality 314 10.4. Software maintenance 315 10.4.1. Issue 315 10.4.2. Implementation 315 10.5. Product line 316 10.6. Conclusion 318 10.7. Appendix: documentation needing to be produced 319 CHAPTER 11. ASSESSMENT AND CERTIFICATION 321 11.1. Introduction 321 11.2. Evaluation 321 11.2.1. Principles 321 11.2.2. CENELEC 50128:2011324 11.3. Cross-acceptance 325 11.4. Certification 326 11.4.1. Product certification 326 11.4.2. Software certification 327 11.4.3. Evolution management 327 11.5. Conclusion 328 11.6. Appendix: documentation needing to be produced 328 CONCLUSION 329 BIBLIOGRAPHY 331 GLOSSARY 343 INDEX 351

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Book SynopsisProduct placement is now an integral part of what is considered the highest-quality fiction programming on television. Throughout the history of television, until now, direct product placement within fiction has not been a significant marketing strategy. This broadcasting/marketing configuration marks a another definitive step in the history of the commercialization of television. This book is an exploration of the interconnections between media economics and communication discourse. The recessionary, highly competitive economic environment of the 1980s, which affected networks, independent broadcasting, and the media industry in general, has been widely noted in the business pages of the national press. But the dramatic effects on programming wrought by the financial strategies of this period are yet to be understood. Marketing factors account for the heightened emphasis on programming environment during the 1980s. But what are the full implications of the practice of audience markTable of ContentsIntroduction -- Advertising, Economics, and the Media -- The Producers and Consumers of Nikes and Other Products … -- Emotional Ties That Bind: Focus Groups, Psychoanalysis, and Consumer Culture -- Postmodern Theory and Consumer Culture -- Thirtysomething, Lifestyle Consumption, and Therapy -- The Television Talk Show: From Democratic Potential to Pseudotherapy -- Cops on the Night Beat -- Advertising and the Persian Gulf War -- Democratic Talk-Show Strategies and the Competing Narratives of the 1992 Presidential Election -- Conclusion: The Commercial Politics of Postmodern Television

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Book SynopsisChapter 1: Getting to know Visual Studio 2022.- Chapter 2: Working with Visual Studio 2022.- Chapter 3: Debugging your code.- Chapter 4: Unit testing.- Chapter 5: Source control.

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Book SynopsisIn a context where climate change urgently requires us to alter our paradigms, this book explores the possibilities of cities that are both more energy efficient and more respectful of the environment. Based on the observation that urban planning has been detrimentally affected by the compartmentalization of knowledge and practices, this book is conceived as a dialog between transport and urban planning on the one hand, and between engineering and social science on the other. Systemic analysis and a historical approach, integrating the teachings of the last two centuries, constitute at the methodological level the framework in which this dialog unfolds. Based on examples of good practice, Transport and Town Planning identifies an effective set of levers of action and proposes an original method to guide and accompany urban transition with a large share of the initiative reserved for the actors concerned. Table of ContentsPreface xi Chapter 1. City and Complexity: How to Untangle the Skein? 1 1.1. Systemic thinking and its historical context 1 1.2. The system approach 3 1.3. Analytical and systemic methods are complementary rather than opposed 4 1.4. Transdisciplinarity of the concept of system and presentation of a typology of complexity 5 1.5. The concept of variety 10 1.6. Keys to analyzing a system: functions and structures 12 1.6.1. The concept of function 13 1.6.2. The concept of structure 15 1.7. From description to analysis and action: the example of flowcharts 16 1.8. Concept of model and systemic modeling 19 1.9. An application of systemic analysis: study of the relationships between transport networks and territory 21 1.10. Action as a method of knowledge 25 Chapter 2. Town Planning and Urban Pattern: the Emergence of Circulatory Function 29 2.1. The first urban fabrics: two founding patterns 29 2.2. Advent of circulatory function 31 2.2.1. Powerful changes implemented 31 2.2.2. Cerdà, the theoretician 32 2.2.3. Haussmann, the realist 33 2.3. The effects of the mechanization of modes of transport 35 2.3.1. The linear city of Arturo Soria y Mata 36 2.3.2. Garden cities 37 2.4. Urban transport: a chaotic development 39 2.4.1. A public interest service 39 2.4.2. Mechanization 40 2.5. Advent of electric traction and its success following the construction of the Paris subway 41 2.5.1. The accident “founder” of the Couronnes station 42 2.5.2. The first wave of automation 43 2.5.3. The triptych of innovation: technologies, organization and professions 44 2.6. The tramway: from its disappearance in France to its rebirth 45 2.6.1. The development period 46 2.6.2. Decline of the tramway 47 2.6.3. The rebirth 49 2.7. The automobile city 50 2.7.1. Progressive town planning and the functional specification of spaces 50 2.7.2. The convergence between functionalism and naturalism 52 2.8. Towards the public transport city? 54 2.8.1. The “omnipresent automobile” in question 54 2.8.2. “Transport-oriented development” 55 2.8.3. The end of utopias? 57 Chapter 3. Building of New Towns: an Attempt at Linking Transport Networks to Urban Planning 59 3.1. From imaginary new towns to their achievement 60 3.1.1. The initial project 60 3.1.2. A new territorial organization 65 3.1.3. The structuring role of big transportation infrastructures 66 3.1.4. A period rich in innovations 66 3.1.5. An undeniable success? 67 3.2. The case of Marne-la-Vallée 68 3.2.1. Marne-la-Vallée’s entry into the regional space 68 3.2.2. The evolution of the overall administrative and institutional framework of new towns 72 3.2.3. The specific institutional organization of Marne-la-Vallée 74 3.3 A mixed report 77 3.3.1. Population growth stimulated by housing construction 77 3.3.2. Activities, employment and job/active population balance in new towns 80 3.3.3. The importance of areas reserved for activities. 82 3.3.4. Employment location areas and source of active population 83 3.3.5. Internal circulation in Marne-la-Vallée new town – the most overlooked of urban planning 84 3.3.6. Motorization and servicing of the population by public transport 87 3.3.7. Gradual saturation of the main road network 88 3.3.8. What lessons can be drawn? 90 Chapter 4. Models and Definitions: Changing the Paradigm 93 4.1. The mobility model that was developed in France from the 1950s 95 4.1.1. Mobility and urban sprawl 96 4.1.2. Mobility and land market 98 4.1.3. Characteristics specific to France? 102 4.1.4. Planning “formatted” by the use of cars 104 4.2. A model whose coherence and sustainability are undermined 107 4.2.1. Lessons of the subprime crisis 110 4.2.2. Land rents create shortages 113 4.2.3. A system that aggravates socio-spatial disparities 115 4.2.4. The forms taken by urbanization in France present real advantages 116 4.3. Back to town planning 117 4.3.1. Two essential models 118 4.3.2. From models to concrete cities 121 4.3.3. Town planning as a coherent layout of places, functions, structures, representations and forms 123 Chapter 5. Good Practices and Levers of Action 125 5.1 Influence of urban metrics 125 5.1.1. Urban form: what is it all about? 125 5.1.2. Reflecting on real cities and choosing a systematic approach 129 5.2. Innovations and good practices 130 5.2.1. European cities 132 5.2.2. The North American case 146 5.3. Major levers of action 159 5.3.1. Land use planning and transport networks 160 5.3.2. Transport-specific measures 164 5.3.3. Tariff and regulatory measures 170 5.3.4. What should be expected of new technologies? 172 Chapter 6. What if the 21st Century was the Century of Suburbs? 177 6.1. French cities: undeniable progress but a long way to go 177 6.1.1. Legislative progress 178 6.1.2. Tangible results, but shortcomings and strong resistance 179 6.2. Suburbs: characteristics, challenges and future prospects 181 6.2.1. History and semantics of the suburb 182 6.2.2. The suburbs change dimension with the industrial revolution 183 6.2.3. From workers’ houses to the construction of large complexes 184 6.2.4. Transport in difficulties. 185 6.2.5. A real potential for sustainable urban development 189 6.3. A prospective reflection by 2050 190 6.3.1. The context of the study 190 6.3.2. Assumptions adopted for establishing a “target scenario” 192 6.3.3. Method used for the simulation of the target scenario 193 6.3.4. Achieved results 196 6.3.5. Elements concerning the financial equation 197 6.4. Transport and town planning articulation at the local level: the case of the southern suburbs of Ile-de-France 198 6.4.1. The Trans Val-de-Marne 199 6.4.2. Setting up of the line 183 dedicated bus lane 202 6.5. Significance and diversity of local approaches 207 6.5.1. The municipalities that objected 208 6.5.2. Municipalities that might have wished to do better 211 6.5.3. Municipalities that succeeded in making dedicated lanes a lever for urban restructuring: the case of Vitry-sur-Seine 215 6.5.4. What lessons? 222 Chapter 7. Methods and Tools for Urban Transition 229 7.1. Urban transition and prospective 229 7.2. An iterative and interactive approach 231 7.3. Backcasting and forecasting approaches 233 7.4. Development of a conceptual framework for the assessment and monitoring of the transition process (backcasting approach) 235 7.4.1. Importance of territorial diagnosis 235 7.4.2. The establishment of a complete and coherent set of indicators 236 7.4.3. Advantages of the proposed conceptual framework 244 7.5. Assessment methods 245 7.5.1. Methods based on life cycle assessment (LCA) 245 7.5.2. Socio-economic methods 254 7.6. Transport models and the difficult question of demand forecast 263 7.6.1. Rebound phenomenon 263 7.6.2. Transport models 266 7.6.3. Land use models 270 Conclusion 279 Glossary 285 References 289 Index 309

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Book SynopsisThis textbook offers an interdisciplinary, comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of the media linguistics approaches to explain and understand digital communication and multimodality. Linking the fields of communication studies, applied linguistics and journalism, it grounds communication practices in a deep understanding of the social and societal implications of language use in digital media. The tools to analyse multimodal texts are analysed in light of the advantages and constraints that different communication modes pose, both individually and in combination. Aimed at upper level undergraduates and graduates in applied linguistics, communication and media studies, including journalism and PR, this textbook contains case studies and professional examples highlighting the interplay between language use and digital communication and encouraging the reader to reflect on the themes covered, and put the acquired knowledge into practice. Online resources for students include videosTable of ContentsAcknowledgements; Preface; 1. Starting Point: Digital Society and Media Linguistics; 2. Theoretical Context: Understanding Public Digital Communication; 3. Practical Context: From Writing to Multimodal Communication; 4. Professional Context: Journalism, PR, and Community Communication; 5. Doing Media Linguistic Research; 6. Doing Media Linguistic Analysis; 7. Case Studies; 8. Public Communication in Transformation: Algorithmic Culture; References; Appendix; Glossary; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis title brings together the best papers on a range of topics raised at the annual International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming. This conference provides papers and workshops which produce new insights, concepts and results which can then be used by those involved in this area to develop their own work.Table of ContentsIntroduction 17 Frédéric Benhamou, Narendra Jussien, Barry O’Sullivan Part I. The Past, Present and Future of Constraint Programming 23 Frédéric Benhamou, Narendra Jussien , Barry O’Sullivan Chapter 1. Constraint Programming as Declarative Algorithmics 25 Pascal Van Hentenryck 1.1. The CHIP project 26 1.2. The Numerica project 32 1.3. The OPL project 34 1.4. The Comet project 35 1.5. The future of constraint programming 38 Chapter 2. Constraint Programming Tools 41 Laurent Michel, Christian Schulte, Pascal Van Hentenryck 2.1. Introduction 41 2.2. Invited talks 43 2.2.1. The development of an industrial CP tool (Jean-François Puget) 43 2.2.2. System design: taking informed decisions (Christian Schulte) 45 2.3. System presentations 48 2.3.1. ECLiPSe 48 2.3.2. SICStus FD 48 2.3.3. G12 49 2.3.4. DiSolver 49 2.3.5. MINION 50 2.3.6. Choco 50 2.3.7. Gecode 51 2.3.8. Comet 52 2.3.9. JaCoP 53 2.3.10. Borderwijk 54 2.4. Panels 54 2.5. Conclusion 56 2.6. References 57 Chapter 3. The Next 10 Years of Constraint Programming 59 Lucas Bordeaux, Barry O’Sullivan, Pascal Van Hentenryck 3.1. Pedro Barahona 61 3.2. Christian Bessiere 63 3.3. Peter Jeavons 64 3.4. Pedro Meseguer 66 3.5. Gilles Pesant 68 3.6. Francesca Rossi 70 3.7. Thomas Schiex 72 3.8. Christian Schulte 74 3.9. Meinolf Sellmann 75 3.10. Mark Wallace 77 3.11. Toby Walsh 79 3.12. Roland Yap 80 3.13. References 81 Chapter 4. Constraint Propagation and Implementation 83 Marc van Dongen, Christophe Lecoutre 4.1. Filtering algorithms for precedence and dependency constraints (by Roman Barták and Ondøej Èepek) 84 4.1.1. Problem description and related works 84 4.1.2. Filtering rules for precedence and dependency constraints 85 4.1.3. Summary 87 4.2. A study of residual supports in arc consistency (by Christophe Lecoutre and Fred Hemery) 87 4.3. Maintaining singleton arc consistency (by Christophe Lecoutre and Patrick Prosser) 89 4.3.1. Mixed consistency 90 4.3.2. Checking existential-SAC 91 4.3.3. Conclusion 92 4.4. Probabilistic singleton arc consistency (by Deepak Mehta and Marc van Dongen) 93 4.5. Simplification and extension of the SPREAD constraint (by Pierre Schaus, Yves Deville, Pierre Dupont and Jean-Charles Régin) 95 4.5.1. Filtering of π 96 4.5.2. Filtering of X 97 4.5.3. Conclusion 99 4.6. A new filtering algorithm for the graph isomorphism problem (by Sébastien Sorlin and Christine Solnon) 99 4.6.1. A global constraint for the graph isomorphism problem 99 4.6.2. ILL-consistency and ILL-filtering 100 4.6.3. Experimental results 102 4.7. References 103 Chapter 5. On the First SAT/CP Integration Workshop 105 Youssef Hamadi, Lucas Bordeaux 5.1. The technical program 106 5.1.1. The invited talk 106 5.1.2. Contributions related to SMT and solver integration 106 5.1.3. Contributions related to the use of SAT techniques to improve CSP/CP solvers 107 5.1.4. Other contributions 108 5.2. The panel session 109 5.2.1. Are SAT and CP different or similar? 109 5.2.2. Why has SAT succeeded in reducing the tuning issue? 111 5.2.3. How long can the current generation of SAT solvers evolve? 113 5.2.4. Were performance issues correctly addressed by CP? 115 5.2.5. Was CP too ambitious? 118 5.2.6. Do we still need CP? 119 5.3. Summary, future directions and conclusion 121 5.4. References 122 Chapter 6. Constraint-Based Methods for Bioinformatics 125 Alessandro Dal Palù, Agostino Dovier, Franæois Fages, Sebastian Will 6.1. On using temporal logic with constraints to express biological properties of cell processes (by François Fages) 126 6.2. Modeling biological systems in stochastic concurrent constraint programming (by Luca Bortolussi and Alberto Policriti) 129 6.3. Chemera: constraints in protein structural problems (by Pedro Barahona and Ludwig Krippahl) 132 6.4. Exploiting model checking in constraint-based approaches to the protein folding problem (by Elisabetta De Maria, Agostino Dovier, Angelo Montanari and Carla Piazza) 134 6.5. Global constraints for discrete lattices (by Alessandro Dal Palù, Agostino Dovier and Enrico Pontelli) 136 6.6. Counting protein structures by DFS with dynamic decomposition (by Sebastian Will and Martin Mann) 138 6.7. Suffix array and weighted CSPs (by Matthias Zytnicki, Christine Gaspin and Thomas Schiex) 141 6.8. Supertree construction with constraint programming: recent progress and new challenges (by Patrick Prosser) 143 6.9. References 145 Part II. Constraint Modeling and Reformulation 147 Ian Miguel, Steven Prestwich Chapter 7. Improved Models for Graceful Graphs 151 Jean-François Puget, Barbara Smith 7.1. Introduction 151 7.2. A direct model 152 7.3. The edge-label model 154 7.4. A combined model 156 7.5. Experimental results 157 7.6. Discussion 160 7.7. References 161 Chapter 8. The Automatic Generation of Redundant Representations and Channeling Constraints 163 Bernadette Martínez-Hernández, Alan M. Frisch 8.1. Introduction 163 8.2. Representations 167 8.3. Alternative representations and channels 168 8.3.1. Alternative representations 168 8.3.2. Constraint-wise quasi-representations and channeling constraints 169 8.4. Refinement 174 8.5. Systematic generation of channeling constraints 177 8.6. Producing the best alternative for channeling 179 8.7. Conclusions and future work 180 8.8. References 180 Part III. Symmetry in Constraint Satisfaction Problems 183 Alastair Donaldson, Peter Gregory, Karen Petrie Chapter 9. GAPLex: Generalized Static Symmetry Breaking 187 Chris Jefferson, Tom Kelsey, Steve Linton, Karen Petrie 9.1. Background and introduction 188 9.1.1. Group theory for CSPs 190 9.1.2. Using GAP to break CSP symmetries 191 9.2. GAPLex 192 9.2.1. Motivation and rationale 192 9.2.2. Motivating example 193 9.2.3. The GAPLex algorithms 193 9.3. Empirical evaluation 196 9.3.1. Combining GAPLex with incomplete static SB methods 197 9.3.2. Combining GAPLex with Puget’s all-different constraints 198 9.4. Conclusions and future work 199 9.5. References 199 Chapter 10. Symmetry Breaking in Subgraph Pattern Matching 203 Stéphane Zampelli, Yves Deville, Pierre Dupont 10.1. Background and definitions 205 10.2. Variable symmetries 207 10.2.1. Detection 207 10.2.2. Breaking 207 10.3. Value symmetries 208 10.3.1. Detection 208 10.3.2. Breaking 208 10.4. Experimental results 209 10.5. Local value symmetries 211 10.5.1. Dynamic target graph 212 10.5.2. Partial dynamic graphs 214 10.6. Conclusion 215 10.7. References 216 Part IV. Interval Analysis, Constraint Propagation and Applications 219 Christophe Jermann, Yahia Lebbah, Djamila Sam-Haroud Chapter 11. Modeling and Solving of a Radio Antenna Deployment Sup-port Application 223 Michael Heusch 11.1. Two simple models for the application 224 11.1.1. A first finite domain model 224 11.1.2. Shifting the model to mixed domains 225 11.1.3. Description of the search algorithm 225 11.1.4. Analysis of the performance on progressive deployment problems 226 11.2. Introducing the distn constraint 227 11.3. Modeling the application with the distn constraint 228 11.3.1. Revised model of the application 228 11.3.2. Numerical results when solving the LocRLFAP with distn 230 11.3.3. Qualitative analysis of the results 231 11.4. Conclusion 231 11.5. References 232 Chapter 12. Guaranteed Numerical Injectivity Test via Interval Analysis 233 Sébastien Lagrange, Nicolas Delanoue, Luc Jaulin 12.1. Interval analysis 235 12.2. Injectivity 236 12.2.1. Partial injectivity 236 12.2.2. Partial injectivity condition 238 12.3. ITVIA algorithm 241 12.4. Examples 242 12.4.1. Spiral function 243 12.4.2. Ribbon function 243 12.5. Conclusion 244 12.6. References 244 Chapter 13. An Interval-based Approximation Method for Discrete Changes in Hybrid cc 245 Daisuke Ishii, Kazunori Ueda, Hiroshi Hosobe 13.1. An overview of Hybrid cc 246 13.1.1. The Hybrid cc language 246 13.1.2. Implementation of Hybrid cc 247 13.2. The objective of the chapter 248 13.3. Background of interval arithmetic 248 13.3.1. Basic notions of interval arithmetic 249 13.3.2. ODE solving based on interval arithmetic 249 13.4. The proposed method 249 13.4.1. Assumptions on the proposed method 249 13.4.2. Trace algorithm 250 13.4.3. PruneAndMerge algorithm 251 13.5. Experimental results 252 13.6. Related work 253 13.7. Conclusion 254 13.8. References 254 Part V. Local Search Techniques in Constraint Satisfaction 257 Andrea Roli, Yehuda Naveh Chapter 14. Combining Adaptive Noise and Look-Ahead in Local Search for SAT 261 Chu Min Li, Wanxia Wei, Harry Zhang 14.1. Implementation of the adaptive noise mechanism in G2WSAT 262 14.2. Look-Ahead for promising decreasing variables 262 14.2.1. Promising score of a variable 262 14.2.2. Integrating limited look-ahead in adaptG2WSAT 263 14.3. Evaluation 264 14.4. Conclusion 266 14.5. References 266 Chapter 15. Finding Large Cliques using SAT Local Search 269 Steven Prestwich 15.1. SAT-encoding the clique problem 270 15.2. Notes on the bitwise at-most-one encoding 271 15.3. Experiments 272 15.4. Conclusion 273 15.5. References 274 Chapter 16. Multi-Point Constructive Search for Constraint Satisfac-tion: An Overview 275 Ivan Heckman, J. Christopher Beck 16.1. Background 276 16.2. Empirical study 277 16.3. Conclusion 279 16.4. References 280 Chapter 17. Boosting SLS Using Resolution 283 Anbulagan, Duc Nghia Pham, John Slaney, Abdul Sattar 17.1. SLS solvers 284 17.2. Preprocessors 285 17.3. Empirical evaluation 286 17.3.1. Clause weighting versus random walk 286 17.3.2. Matching preprocessors to solver-problem pairs 287 17.3.3. Multiple preprocessing and preprocessor ordering 287 17.4. Conclusion 288 17.5. References 288 Chapter 18. Growing COMET 291 Pascal Van Hentenryck, Laurent Michel 18.1. Constraint-based local search 291 18.2. COMET 292 18.3. Modeling 293 18.4. Search 295 18.5. References 296 Part VI. Preferences and Soft Constraints 299 Thomas Schiex Chapter 19. The Logic Behind Weighted CSP 303 Carlos Ansótegui, María L. Bonet, Jordi Levy, Felip Manyà 19.1. Preliminaries 304 19.2. The inference rule – soundness and completeness 307 19.3. Global consistency in WCSP 310 19.4. Local consistency in WCSP 311 19.5. Conclusions 314 19.6. References 316 Chapter 20. Dynamic Heuristics for Branch and Bound on Tree-Decomposition of Weighted CSPs 317 Philippe Jégou, Samba Ndojh Ndiaye, Cyril Terrioux 20.1. Introduction 317 20.2. Preliminaries 319 20.3. Dynamic orders in O(exp(w + 1)) 322 20.4. Bounded extensions of dynamic orders 324 20.5. Heuristics 325 20.5.1. Cluster orders 325 20.5.2. Variable orders 327 20.5.3. Heuristics for grouping variables in Classes 4 and 5 327 20.6. Experimental study 328 20.7. Discussion and conclusion 330 20.8. References 331 Part VII. Constraints in Software Testing, Verification and Analysis 333 Benjamin Blanc, Arnaud Gotlieb, Claude Michel Chapter 21. Extending a CP Solver with Congruences as Domains for Program Verification 337 Michel Leconte, Bruno Berstel 21.1. Related work 339 21.2. Congruences as domains 339 21.3. Propagation of congruences as domains 340 21.4. Cooperation of congruences and intervals 342 21.5. Conclusion 342 21.6. References 343 Chapter 22. Generating Random Values Using Binary Decision Dia-grams and Convex Polyhedra 345 Erwan Jahier, Pascal Raymond 22.1. BDD and convex polyhedra 346 22.2. The resolution algorithm 346 22.3. Choosing solutions 348 22.4. Available tools 349 22.5. Related work 350 22.6. Conclusion 351 22.7. References 351 Chapter 23. A Symbolic Model for Hash-Collision Attacks 353 Yannick Chevalier, Mounira Kourjieh 23.1. Terms and subterms 354 23.2. Analysis of reachability properties of cryptographic protocols 356 23.3. Model of a collision-aware intruder 357 23.3.1. Intruder on words 357 23.3.2. Intruder on words with free function symbols 358 23.3.3. Hash-colliding intruder 358 23.4. Conclusion 359 23.5. References 359 Chapter 24. Strategy for Flaw Detection Based on a Service-driven Model for Group Protocols 361 Najah Chridi, Laurent Vigneron 24.1. Protocol modeling and attack search 362 24.1.1. Input of the method 362 24.1.2. Searching for attacks in group protocols 363 24.1.3. Intruder knowledge management 365 24.1.4. Constraint management 366 24.2. Verification results 366 24.3. Summary and future work 367 24.4. References 368 Part VIII. Constraint Programming for Graphical Applications 369 Marc Christie, Hiroshi Hosobe and Kim Marriott Chapter 25. Trends and Issues in using Constraint Programming for Graphical Applications 371 Marc Christie, Hiroshi Hosobe and Kim Marriott 25.1. More powerful constraint-solving techniques 373 25.1.1. Mixture of discrete and continuous constraints 373 25.1.2. Mixture of linear, polynomial, geometric and non-linear constraints 373 25.1.3. Managing user interaction 374 25.1.4. Managing preferences 374 25.1.5. Generic techniques 375 25.2. Better modeling and understanding of constraint systems by the end-user 376 25.2.1. Model specification 376 25.2.2. Extensibility 377 25.2.3. Constraint representation 377 25.2.4. Understanding constraint interaction during solving 377 25.3. Bridging the gap between the solver and the application semantics 378 25.3.1. High-level modeling 379 25.3.2. Support for interaction 379 25.4. Conclusion 379 25.5. References 380 Chapter 26. A Constraint Satisfaction Framework for Visual Problem Solving 383 Bonny Banerjee, Balakrishnan Chandrasekaran 26.1. The framework 384 26.1.1. A language for expressing visual problems 384 26.1.2. A visual problem solver 388 26.2. Applications 390 26.3. Conclusion 393 26.4. References 393 Chapter 27. Computer Graphics and Constraint Solving: An Applica-tion to Virtual Camera Control 395 Jean-Marie Normand 27.1. Overview 397 27.2. A semantic space partitioning approach 398 27.2.1. Projection property 398 27.2.2. Orientation property 399 27.2.3. Occlusion property 399 27.3. Numerical solving stage 400 27.4. Exploitation of semantic volumes 401 27.4.1. Making requests on the volumes 401 27.4.2. Making requests on the scene 401 27.5. Results 401 27.6. Discussion 403 27.7. References 404 Index 405

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of Understanding Search Engines: Mathematical Modeling and Text Retrieval follows the basic premise of the first edition by discussing many of the key design issues for building search engines and emphasizing the important role that applied mathematics can play in improving information retrieval. The authors discuss important data structures, algorithms, and software as well as user-centered issues such as interfaces, manual indexing, and document preparation. Significant changes bring the text up to date on current information retrieval methods: for example the addition of a new chapter on link-structure algorithms used in search engines such as Google. The chapter on user interface has been rewritten to specifically focus on search engine usability. In addition the authors have added new recommendations for further reading and expanded the bibliography, and have updated and streamlined the index to make it more reader friendly.

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Book SynopsisAn engaging and accessible introduction to Christianity's relationship with other world religions, addressing the questions of why the reality, and vitality, of other religions has become a challenge, and showing how Christianity is equipped to deal with religious plurality at both the doctrinal and social level. Timely and accessible, this book tackles the question of why the reality, and vitality, of other religions has become a challenge for Christianity Makes a decisive contribution to debates about the clash between Islam and the West, arguing that the major threat to religious freedoms come from secularism, and that Islam and Christianity both have the resources to develop a vibrant and pluralist public square; one informed by intellectual rigor and debate Considers the wider issue of how modernity has defined religion', and provides a substantial critique of secular ways of controlling religions Shows how Christianity is very welTrade Review“All in all, D’Costa should be commended for writing an excellent book. This work is a wonderful contribution to the conversation regarding Christianity and non-Christian religions. I highly recommend it for all persons interested in the theology of religions, as well as any Christian looking for new ways to understand the possibility of salvation for non-Christians.” (The International Journal of Public Theology, 1 December 2012) "I warmly encourage readers in each to take it up and read." (One in Christ, July 2010) "For a generation which is reasserting its Catholic identity, this thesis may serve a valuable purpose, calming the anxieties of those who, admirable, have managed to maintain an interest in the salvation of non-Christians yet are as hard put to win converts as their more pluralist co-religionists." (The Way, January 2010) "His gazetteer of these regions at the edge of the eschatological map is fascinating. The closing pages are as perceptive a meditation on what the dereliction of the cross can and cannot mean as we might expect to find in a first-rate book devoted entirely to that subject." (Chruch Times, December 2009) Table of Contents1: Words and worlds: ‘world religions’ and ‘Christian theology’. 2: Checking our baggage: twentieth century non-theological influences on our field. . 3: Who’s in and who’s out?: the salvation of the non-Christian. 4: Engaging the other: the meaning of the religions in their concrete forms. 5: The public square: the clash of religions?. 6: Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThe New Media and Cybercultures Anthology collects essential readings of a diverse range of fields, including new and digital media, Internet studies, digital arts and culture studies, network culture studies, and the information society.Trade Review"Recommended. Lower-and-upper division undergraduates; general readers." (Choice , 1 April 2011) "This collection is a timely, thought-provoking reflection on the social and cultural impacts of cyberspace and new media. I highly recommend it to scholars, teachers, students and indeed all those interested in new media and cyberculture." (M/C Reviews, September 11, 2010)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Acknowledgments to Sources. Introduction. PART ONE: THEORIES, POETICS, PRACTICES. 1 Web Sphere Analysis and Cybercultural Studies (Kirsten Foot). 2 What Does it Mean to be Posthuman? (N. Katherine Hayles). 3 Digitextuality and Click Theory: Theses on Convergence Media in the Digital Age (Anna Everett). 4 The Double Logic of Remediation (Jay David Bolter and Richard Grusin). 5 The Database (Lev Manovich). 6 Making Meaning of Mobiles: A Theory of Apparatgeist (James E. Katz and Mark A. Aakhus). PART TWO: SPACE, PLACE, COMMUNITY. 7 Post-Sedentary Space (William J. Mitchell). 8 The End of Geography or the Explosion of Place?: Conceptualizing Space, Place and Information Technology (Stephen Graham). 9 Asphalt Games: Enacting Place Through Locative Media (Michele Chang and Elizabeth Goodman). 10 Thought on the Convergence of Digital Media, Memory, and Social and Urban Spaces (Federico Casalegno). PART THREE: RACE IN/AND CYBERSPACE. 11 Cybertyping and the Work of Race in the Age of Digital Reproduction (Lisa Nakamura). 12 Thinking Through the Diaspora: Call Centers, India, and a New Politics of Hybridity (Raka Shome). 13 Voices of the Marginalized on the Internet: Examples from a Website for Women of South Asia (Ananda Mitra). PART FOUR: BODIES, EMBODIMENT, BIOPOLITICS. 14 Hypes, Hopes and Actualities: New Digital Cartesianism and Bodies in Cyberspace (Megan Boler). 15 The Bioethics of Cybermedicalization (Andy Miah and Emma Rich). 16 Biocolonialism, Genomics, and the Databasing of the Population (Eugene Thacker). PART FIVE: GENDER, SEX, AND SEXUALITIES. 17 Assembling Bodies in Cyberspace: Technologies, Bodies, and Sexual Difference (Dianne Currier). 18 Lesbians in (Cyber)space: The Politics of the Internet in Latin American On- and Off-line Communities (Elisabeth Jay Friedman). 19 E-Rogenous Zones: Positioning Pornography in the Digital Economy (Blaise Cronin and Elisabeth Davenport). 20 Race, Gender and Sex on the Net: Semantic Networks of Selling and Storytelling Sex Tourism (Peter A. Chow-White). PART SIX: POLITICS, POLITICAL ACTION, ACTIVISM. 21 Internet Studies in Times of Terror (David Silver and Alice Marwick). 22 Free Labor: Producing Culture for the Digital Economy (Tiziana Terranova). 23 Ensuring Minority Rights in a Pluralistic and "Liquid" Information Society (Birgitte Kofod Olsen). 24 Hacktivism: All Together in the Virtual (Tim Jordan). PART SEVEN: GAMES, GAMING, META-UNIVERSES. 25 Games Telling Stories: A Brief Note on Games and Narratives (Jesper Juul). 26 WoW is the New MUD: Social Gaming from Text to Video (Torill Elvira Mortensen). 27 Women and Games: Technologies of the Gendered Self (Pam Royse, Joon Lee, Baasanjav Undrahbuyan, Mark Hopson, and Mia Consalvo). 28 To the White Extreme: Conquering Athletic Space, White Manhood, and Racing Virtual Reality (David J. Leonard). 29 Your Second Life?: Goodwill and the Performativity of Intellectual Property in Online Digital Gaming (Andrew Herman, Rosemary J. Coombe, and Lewis Kaye). PART EIGHT: THE DIGITAL, THE MOBILE, THE PERSONAL, AND THE EVERYDAY. 30 Taking Risky Opportunities in Youthful Content Creation: Teenagers' Use of Social Networking Sites for Intimacy, Privacy and Self-expression (Sonia Livingstone). 31 Dynamics of Internet Dating (Helene M. Lawson and Kira Leck). 32 Screening Moments, Scrolling Lives: Diary Writing on the Web (Madeleine Sorapure). 33 Your Life in Snapshots: Mobile Weblogs (Nicola Döring and Axel Gundolf). 34 Assembling Portable Talk and Mobile Worlds: Sound Technologies and Mobile Social Networks (John Farnsworth and Terry Austrin). 35 New Media, Networking and Phatic Culture (Vincent Miller). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a for all inexperienced trainers who have been asked to take on a training role. Identifying the learner's needs, planning a training programme, conducting training and evaluation are all included. This is an ideal text for anyone who wants to learn the principles of training.Table of Contents1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Conduction a needs assessment: action. 3. Identifying learning needs: reflection. 4. Planning teaching and training: action. 5. Conducting training and training: reflection. 6. Conducting teaching and training: action. 7. Conducting teaching and training: reflection. 8. Evaluation of teaching and training: action. 9. Evaluation of teaching and training: reflection. 10. Conclusion. References. Annotated Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisCommunication and artificial intelligence (AI) are closely related. It is communication – particularly interpersonal conversational interaction – that provides AI with its defining test case and experimental evidence. Likewise, recent developments in AI introduce new challenges and opportunities for communication studies. Technologies such as machine translation of human languages, spoken dialogue systems like Siri, algorithms capable of producing publishable journalistic content, and social robots are all designed to communicate with users in a human-like way. This timely and original textbook provides educators and students with a much-needed resource, connecting the dots between the science of AI and the discipline of communication studies. Clearly outlining the topic's scope, content and future, the text introduces key issues and debates, highlighting the importance and relevance of AI to communication studies. In lively and accessible prose, David Gunkel provides a new generation with the information, knowledge, and skills necessary to working and living in a world where social interaction is no longer restricted to humans. The first work of its kind, An Introduction to Communication and Artificial Intelligence is the go-to textbook for students and scholars getting to grips with this crucial interdisciplinary topic.Trade Review“Gunkel’s book is an accessible but technically savvy monograph introducing students and scholars of communication and computer science to the intersections between AI and communication. … Gunkel’s book will also be a particularly useful resource to instructors, not only due to its accessible language and wide- reaching scope, but also thanks to the five ‘Maker exercises’ included in the last section. These provide useful entry points for students that are not versed in computer programming for experimenting with simple computer programs.”Communication Theory “An introduction to communication and artificial intelligence aims and succeeds in making sense of AI for students and scholars in social sciences.”CommunicationsTable of ContentsPreface Part I: Introduction and Orientation 1 Introduction 2 Communication and AI 3 Basic Concepts and Terminology Part II: Applications 4 Machine Translation 5 Natural Language Processing 6 Computational Creativity 7 Social Robots Part III: Impact and Consequences 8 Social Issues 9 Social Responsibility and Ethics Part IV: Maker Exercises Introduction Exercise 1 – Demystifying ELIZA Exercise 2 – Algorithms Exercise 3 – Machine Translation Exercise 4 – Chatbot and Quasi-Loebner Prize Exercise 5 – Template NLG Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisThis book has as main aim to be an introductory textbook of applied knowledge in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), which is a method of weather forecasting that employs: A set of equations that describe the flow of fluids translated into computer code, combined with parameterizations of other processes, applied on a specific domain and integrated in the basis of initial and domain boundary conditions. Current weather observations serve as input to the numerical computer models through a process called data assimilation to produce atmospheric properties in the future (e.g. temperature, precipitation, and a lot of other meteorological parameters). Various case studies will be also presented and analyzed through this book.Table of ContentsPreface vii Introduction ix Chapter 1. The Primitive Equations 1 1.1. Wind forecast equations (conservation of momentum) 1 1.1.1. Real forces 6 1.1.2. Apparent forces 14 1.1.3. Equation of motion 17 1.2. Continuity equation (conservation of mass) 19 1.3. Temperature forecast equation (conservation of energy) 21 1.4. Moisture forecast equation (conservation of water vapor) 26 1.5. Synopsis of equations 26 Chapter 2. Solving Methods in NWP Models 31 2.1. Decomposition of variables – the perturbation method 31 2.1.1. Synoptic scale equations 39 2.1.2. Mesoscale equations 40 2.2. Numerical solutions of partial differential equations 43 2.2.1. Computations by finite difference schemes 44 2.2.2. Derivation of finite difference representations 46 2.2.3. Methods for solving the advection–diffusion equation 50 2.3. Time splitting 63 Chapter 3. Domain Structures and Boundary Conditions 67 3.1. Horizontal grid structure and resolution 68 3.2. The vertical coordinate system 71 3.2.1. Terrain-following coordinate system 72 3.3. Boundary conditions 86 3.3.1. Lateral boundary conditions 88 3.3.2. Upper (top) boundary conditions 90 3.3.3. Lower (bottom) boundary conditions 90 3.4. Design of a simulation 99 Chapter 4. Introduction to Data Assimilation 101 4.1. Successive correction methods 102 4.2. Least square method 103 4.3. Variational approach 108 4.4. Generalization of the methods 114 Chapter 5. Desert Dust Modeling 119 5.1. Dust uptake mechanisms formulation 121 5.2. Dust advection and deposition 127 5.3. Parameterization of the dust feedbacks on climate 132 Chapter 6. Simulations of Extreme Weather and Dust Events 143 6.1. Case study 1: numerical simulation of a Mediterranean cyclone and its sensitivity on lower boundary conditions 143 6.1.1. Description of the synoptic conditions 143 6.1.2. Design of the simulations 145 6.1.3. Analysis of the numerical simulations 147 6.2. Case study 2: nowcasting an extreme precipitation event 151 6.2.1. Synoptic analysis of the event 151 6.2.2. Nowcasting methodology and results 153 6.3. Case study 3: seasonal predictability of a large-scale heat wave 157 6.3.1. Description of the synoptic conditions 158 6.3.2. Model description and methodology 159 6.3.3. Predictability assessment 161 6.4. Numerical study of a severe desert dust storm over Crete 163 Appendices 169 Appendix 1 171 Appendix 2 179 References 197 Index 207

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Book SynopsisThis book includes two parts. The first part is more theoretical and general, and it covers fundamental principles : geospatial climate data measurement ; spatial analysis, mapping and climate ; geographical information, remote sensing and climatology ; and geographical information for initialisation of forecasting and climate models. The second part describes geographical information used in various climate applications of importance today, related to risk : urban climate ; air pollution ; hydrological problems linked to climatology ; forest fires.Table of ContentsPreface vii Chapter 1. Basics of Climatological and Meteorological Observations for GIS Applications 1 Wolfgang SCHOENER 1.1. Data measurements and observations in climatology 2 1.2. Data quality control and data homogenization in climatology 12 1.3. Metadata: documenting quality and usability 20 1.4. Future perspectives 25 1.5. Bibliography 26 Chapter 2. Spatial Analysis, Cartography and Climate 29 Daniel JOLY 2.1. Introduction 29 2.2. Geographic information necessary for interpolation 32 2.3. The main interpolation methods 36 2.4. Geographic information used in statistical interpolations: advantages and disadvantages 42 2.5. Conclusion 67 2.6. Bibliography 69 Chapter 3. Geographical Information, Remote Sensing and Climatology 73 Vincent DUBREUIL 3.1. Introduction 73 3.2. The development phases of meteorological satellites 74 3.3. Examples of how geostationary data are used in Brazil 85 3.4. Examples of NOAA-AVHRR data used in Western France 92 3.5. Conclusion 99 3.6. Acknowledgements 100 3.7. Bibliography 100 Chapter 4. Geographical Information for the Initialization of Numerical Weather Forecast Models and Climate Modeling 103 Pierre BESSEMOULIN 4.1. Introduction 103 4.2. Brief description of the climate system 103 4.3. Brief overview of numerical weather forecast models 107 4.4. Role and description of the Earth’s surface 111 4.5. Description of surface parameters used in a forecast model 119 4.6. Bibliography 123 Chapter 5. Assessing and Modeling the Urban Climate in Lisbon 125 Maria João ALCOFORADO 5.1. Introduction 125 5.2. Historical evolution of urban climate studies 126 5.3. Spatial scales 127 5.4. Climatic modifications induced by settlements 128 5.5. Urban climate monitoring methods 130 5.6. Modeling 134 5.7. Modeling Lisbon’s urban climate at the mesoscale 135 5.8. Modeling Lisbon’s urban climate at the microscale (Telheiras city-district) 144 5.9. Conclusion 152 5.10. Acknowledgements 153 5.11. Bibliography 154 Chapter 6. Geographical Information, Climate and Atmospheric Pollution 159 Isabelle ROUSSEL 6.1. Introduction 159 6.2. Peak pollution periods and alerts: pollution and climate paroxysm 161 6.3. LAURE and territory age 171 6.4. The geography of science and action 180 6.5. Conclusion 190 6.6. Bibliography 191 Chapter 7. Geographical Information and Climatology for Hydrology 195 Jean-Pierre LABORDE 7.1. Hydrological problems of today’s society 195 7.2. Pluviometry: a spatially continuous piece of geographical information 200 7.3. The problems associated with recording rainfall and average spatial rainfall 218 7.4. Conclusion 228 7.5. Bibliography 229 Chapter 8. Geographical Information, Climatology and Forest Fires 233 Pierre CARREGA 8.1. Forest fires: associated risks and individual components 233 8.2. The influence that different climate and weather factors have on forest fires: the indexes 238 8.3. Using geographic information to work out the meteorological risks associated with forest fires 246 8.4. Conclusion List of Authors 271 Index 273

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Book Synopsis'Architects and other designers inhabit a curious borderland between the virtual and the physical. They have always been concerned with conjuring up things that don't exist but might, imagining them in detail, and eventually finding ways to translate these visions into physical reality.Trade Review"For the knowledgeable reader in ICT research it is a must to confirm where technology is now and moreover to see where it is going in the future." Building EngineerTable of ContentsNote on editors page vii List of contributors viii Note on Think Lab xii Acknowledgements xiii Foreword – Virtual worlds, virtual prototypes, and design xivWilliam J. Mitchell Introduction – Virtually there. . . ? xxiPeter Brandon PART 1 DESIGN, ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING CHALLENGES 1 1 Emerging paradigms and models in digital design – Performance-based architectural design 3Rivka Oxman 2 Algorithmic design optimization 21Manfred Grohmann and Oliver Tessmann 3 VR or PR: Virtual or physical reality? 35Anthony Thorpe, Richard A. Buswell, Rupert C. Soar and Alistair G. F. Gibb 4 Digital affordances: Emerging knowledge and cognition in design 47Tuba Kocatürk PART 2 CHALLENGES FOR IMPLEMENTATION: FROM VIRTUAL THROUGH TO CONSTRUCTION 57 5 One Island East, Hong Kong: A case study in construction virtual prototyping 59Martin Riese 6 The virtual building: A designer’s perspective 72Martin Simpson PART 3 CHALLENGES FOR VISUALIZATION AND SIMULATION 87 7 Planning and scheduling in a virtual prototyping environment 89Andrew Baldwin, C. W. Kong, T. Huang, H. L. Guo, K. D. Wong and Heng Li 8 Reshaping the life cycle process with virtual design and construction methods 104Martin Fischer 9 Virtual prototyping from need to pre-construction 113Robin Drogemuller 10 The need for creativity enhancing design tools 131Souheil Soubra PART 4 CHALLENGES FOR INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MODELLING 145 11 Context-aware virtual prototyping 147Chimay J. Anumba and Zeeshan Aziz 12 nD modelling, present and future 158Ghassan Aouad, Song Wu and Angela Lee 13 Interoperable knowledge: Achievements and future challenges 171Yacine Rezgui and Simona Barresi 14 Knowledge management systems in the future 192Matthew Bacon PART 5 OTHER CHALLENGES: AGENT TECHNOLOGIES, SECURITY, REGULATIONS AND MANAGEMENT CONTROL 211 15 Future agent-driven virtual prototyping environments in construction 213Joseph H. M. Tah 16 The nature of virtuality and the need for enhanced security in the virtual world 230Grahame S. Cooper 17 The future of virtual construction and regulation checking 241Nicholas Nisbet, Jeffrey Wix and David Conover 18 Virtual prototyping of financial flows as a form of management control 251Richard J. Boland, Jr, Fred Collopy, Julia Grant and Lin Zhao PART 6 VISIONS, ROADMAPS AND FUTURE SCENARIOS 259 19 VR – Roadmap: A vision for 2030 in the built environment 261Nashwan Dawood, R. Marasini and John Dean 20 Future collaborative workspaces for the construction industry 278Terrence Fernando 21 The future organization: Sustainable competitiveness through virtual prototyping 290Mustafa Alshawi Index 305

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Book SynopsisThis edited textbook brings together expert scholars and experienced practitioners to guide educators in structuring secondary learning experiences that promote college and career readiness. It emphasizes authentic learning that connects academic knowledge to real-world situations, helping students develop practical skills. Chapters illustrate examples of authentic learning experiences across English Language Arts, Mathematics, Sciences, and Social Studies. Each chapter provides a brief review of related theory and research, followed by examples of how disciplinary knowledge relates to specific occupations and professions. Ideal for secondary methods courses, this book models how to plan dynamic learning experiences for both individual assignments and whole class projects. The exciting new book asks teacher candidates to consider the purpose of specific subject matter in the curriculum, its significance to society, its application in studentâs everyday lives, and its impact on the professional world.

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Book SynopsisDigital Cognitive Technologies is an interdisciplinary book which assesses the socio-technical foundations of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), which are at the core of the "Knowledge Society." This book addresses eight major issues, analyzed by authors writing from a Human and Social Science and a Science and Technology perspective. The contributions seek to explore whether and how ICTs are changing our perception of time, space, social structures and networks, document writing and dissemination, sense-making and interpretation, cooperation, politics, and the dynamics of collective activity (socio-informatics).Table of ContentsForeword xv Dominique BOULLIER Introduction xxi Claire BROSSAUD and Bernard REBER PART I. CAN ICT TELL HISTORY? 1 Chapter 1. Elements for a Digital Historiography 3 Andrea IACOVELLA Chapter 2. “In Search of Real Time” or Man Facing the Desire and Duty of Speed 23 Luc BONNEVILLE and Sylvie GROSJEAN Chapter 3. Narrativity Against Temporality: a Computational Model for Story Processing 37 Eddie SOULIER PART II. HOW CAN WE LOCATE OURSELVES WITHIN ICT? 57 Chapter 4. Are Virtual Maps used for Orientation? 59 Alain MILON Chapter 5. Geography of the Information Society 71 Henry BAKIS and Philippe VIDAL Chapter 6. Mapping Public Web Space with the Issuecrawler 89 Richard ROGERS PART III. ICT: A WORLD OF NETWORKS? 101 Chapter 7. Metrology of Internet Networks 103 Nicolas LARRIEU and Philippe OWEZARSKI Chapter 8. Online Social Networks: A Research Object for Computer Science and Social Sciences 119 Dominique CARDON and Christophe PRIEUR Chapter 9. Analysis of Heterogenous Networks: the ReseauLu Project 137 Alberto CAMBROSIO, Pascal COTTEREAU, Stefan POPOWYCZ, Andrei MOGOUTOV and Tania VICHNEVSKAIA PART IV. COMPUTERIZED PROCESSING OF SPEECHES AND HYPERDOCUMENTS: WHAT ARE THE METHODOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES? 153 Chapter 10. Hypertext, an Intellectual Technology in the Era of Complexity 155 Jean CLÉMENT Chapter 11. A Brief History of Software Resources for Qualitative Analysis 169 Christophe LEJEUNE Chapter 12. Sea Peoples, Island Folk: Hypertext and Societies without Writing 187 Pierre MARANDA PART V. HOW DO ICT SUPPORT PLURALISM OF INTERPRETATIONS? 203 Chapter 13. Semantic Web and Ontologies 205 Philippe LAUBLET Chapter 14. Interrelations between Types of Analysis and Types of Interpretation 219 Karl M. VAN METER Chapter 15. Pluralism and Plurality of Interpretations 231 François DAOUST and Jules DUCHASTEL PART VI. DISTANCE COOPERATION 245 Chapter 16. A Communicational and Documentary Theory of ICT 247 Manuel ZACKLAD Chapter 17. Knowledge Distributed by ICT: How do Communication Networks Modify Epistemic Networks? 265 Bernard CONEIN Chapter 18. Towards New Links between HSS and Computer Science: the CoolDev Project 283 Grégory BOURGUIN and Arnaud LEWANDOWSKI PART VII. TOWARDS RENEWED POLITICAL LIFE AND CITIZENSHIP 299 Chapter 19. Electronic Voting and Computer Security 301 Stéphan BRUNESSAUX Chapter 20. Politicization of Socio-technical Spaces of Collective Cognition: the Practice of Public Wikis 317 Serge PROULX and Anne GOLDENBERG Chapter 21. Liaising using a Multi-agent System 331 Maxime MORGE PART VIII. IS “SOCIO-INFORMATICS” POSSIBLE? 343 Chapter 22. The Interdisciplinary Dialog of Social Informatics 345 William TURNER Chapter 23. Limitations of Computerization of Sciences of Man and Society 357 Thierry FOUCART Chapter 24. The Internet in the Process of Data Collection and Dissemination 373 Gaël GUEGUEN and Saïd YAMI Conclusion 389 Bernard REBER and Claire BROSSAUD Postscript 397 Roberto BUSA List of Authors 401 Index 405

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Book SynopsisTechnology mediates how we know and experience cities, and the nature of this mediation has always been deeply political. Today, the production and deployment of data is at the forefront of projects to grasp and reshape urban life. Ways of Knowing Cities considers the role of technology in generating, materializing, and contesting urban epistemologies—tracing an arc from ubiquitous sites of “smart” urbanism, to discrete struggles over infrastructural governance, to forgotten histories of segregation now naturalized in urban algorithms, to exceptional territories of border policing. Bringing together architects, urbanists, artists, and scholars of critical migration studies, media theory, geography, anthropology, and literature, the essays stage a deeply interdisciplinary conversation, interrogating the ways in which certain ways of knowing are predicated on the erasure of others. In this opening, the book engages the information systems that structure urban space and social life in it, historically and in the present moment, to imagine alternative practices and generate new critical perspectives on spatial research.Ways of Knowing Cities includes texts by Eve Blau, Simone Browne, Maribel Casas-Cortes, Wendy Chun, Sebastian Cobarrubias, Beth Coleman, V. Mitch McEwen, Orit Halpern, Charles Heller, Shannon Mattern, Leah Meisterlin, Tinashe Mushakavanhu, Nontsikelelo Mutiti, Dietmar Offenhuber, Lorenzo Pezzani, Anita Say Chan, and Matthew W. Wilson.

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Book Synopsis.- Keynotes..- Empowering teacher agency in the era of Artificial Intelligence: challenges and strategies..- Integrating Generative AI into Research-Based Learning for Undergraduate Students:  Perceptions, Adoption Drivers, and Its Impact on Research Performance..- The 3D-POD Model for AI-Driven Institutional Transformation and Graduate  Employment Readiness in Thailand in Digital Era..- Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Language Teaching and Learning in Higher Education..- AI and Robotics in Education..- University Students’ Perceptions of Using Generative Artificial Intelligence in Digital Storytelling Creation: Cognition, Willingness, and Concerns..- Enhancing Psychological Safety in Online Learning Environment with Generative AI..- Exploring Sustainable Determinants to the Continuance Intention of Generative AI in Education..- A Humanoid Robot-assisted Collaborative Programming Approach to Enhancing Middle ..- School Students' Computational Thinking, Learning Motivation and Interaction..- Innovative Teaching Methods in Blended Learning..- Learning Programming by Making Games: Design and Development of MetaDream..- Promoting Preschool Second Language Vocabulary Learning through a DVR Educational Game..- Enhancing Database Course Experiments with Cyber Ranges: A New Approach in Educational Practice..- Designing a Workshop to Develop Azerbaijani Teachers’ Thinking Skills Instruction through ChatGPT..- Pedagogical Strategies and Student Engagement..- Effects of E-learning Acceptance on Academic Performance and E-Learning Satisfaction Among College Students in a Blended Learning Context..- The Effectiveness of Blended Learning and a Future Vision of Optimal Learning, as Observed from Data Collected from Approximately 3,000 Adults Enrolled in Corporate Language Learning Courses at Japanese Companies..- Enhance Learner Engagement through Experiential Learning in a Gamified Simulation: A Longitudinal Study..- Design Human-machine Collaborative Learning Activities for Enhancing Primary School Students’ English Listening and Speaking Ability..- Evaluation and Feedback in Blended Learning..- An Analysis of Evaluation Practices in Agile Learning and Blended Learning..- Implementation of Agile-Blended Learning: A Case Study of Course Design on Translation Technology..- Study on the Effect of Peer Feedback on Learning Outcomes in Rotational Synchronous Classrooms..- Evaluating the Effectiveness of VR Safety Training Programmes in Hong Kong's Construction Industry..- Data-Driven Learning Analytics and Context-Aware Systems..- Fine-tuned BERT Model for Sentiment Classification of Chinese MOOCs..- Context-Aware Multi-Label Classification for Collaborative Problem Solving Dialogue Analysis..- Exploring Engineering Undergraduate’s Critical Thinking Patterns in AI-Enhanced Learning: A TCSA Method..- A Semi-Automatic Robotic-Assisted Software Program to Support Upper Limb Muscle Therapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

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Book SynopsisThe different facets of the sharing economy offer numerous opportunities for businesses ? particularly those that can be distinguished by their creative ideas and their ability to easily connect buyers and senders of goods and services via digital platforms. At the beginning of the growth of this economy, the advanced digital technologies generated billions of bytes of data that constitute what we call Big Data. This book underlines the facilitating role of Big Data analytics, explaining why and how data analysis algorithms can be integrated operationally, in order to extract value and to improve the practices of the sharing economy. It examines the reasons why these new techniques are necessary for businesses of this economy and proposes a series of useful applications that illustrate the use of data in the sharing ecosystem.Table of ContentsPreface xi Introduction xiii Part 1. The Sharing Economy or the Emergence of a New Business Model 1 Chapter 1. The Sharing Economy: A Concept Under Construction 3 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. From simple sharing to the sharing economy 5 1.2.1. The genesis of the sharing economy and the break with “consumer” society 5 1.2.2. The sharing economy: which economy? 8 1.3. The foundations of the sharing economy 10 1.3.1. Peer-to-peer (P2P): a revolution in computer networks 10 1.3.2. The gift: the abstract aspect of the sharing economy 13 1.3.3. The service economy and the offer of use 18 1.4. Conclusion 24 Chapter 2. An Opportunity for the Business World 25 2.1. Introduction 25 2.2. Prosumption: a new sharing economy trend for the consumer 27 2.3. Poverty: a target in the spotlight of the shared economy 29 2.4. Controversies on economic opportunities of the sharing economy 31 2.5. Conclusion 37 Chapter 3. Risks and Issues of the Sharing Economy 39 3.1. Introduction 39 3.2. Uberization: a white grain or just a summer breeze? 40 3.3. The sharing economy: a disruptive model 43 3.4. Major issues of the sharing economy 47 3.5. Conclusion 50 Chapter 4. Digital Platforms and the Sharing Mechanism 51 4.1. Introduction 51 4.2. Digital platforms: “What growth!” 52 4.3. Digital platforms or technology at the service of the economy 54 4.4. From the sharing economy to the sharing platform economy 57 4.5. Conclusion 59 Part 2. Big Data Analytics at the Service of the Sharing Economy 61 Chapter 5. Beyond the Word “Big”: The Changes 63 5.1. Introduction 63 5.2. The 3 Vs and much more: volume, variety, velocity 64 5.2.1. Volume 65 5.2.2. The variety 66 5.2.3. Velocity 67 5.2.4. What else? 68 5.3. The growth of computing and storage capacities 69 5.3.1. Big Data versus Big Computing 70 5.3.2. Big Data storage 71 5.3.3. Updating Moore’s Law 73 5.4. Business context change in the era of Big Data 74 5.4.1. The decision-making process and the dynamics of value creation 75 5.4.2. The emergence of new data-driven business models 77 5.5. Conclusion 78 Chapter 6. The Art of Analytics 81 6.1. Introduction 81 6.2. From simple analysis to Big Data analytics 82 6.2.1. Descriptive analysis: learning from past behavior to influence future outcomes 84 6.2.2. Predictive analysis: analyzing data to predict future outcomes 84 6.2.3. Prescriptive analysis: recommending one or more action plan(s) 85 6.2.4. From descriptive analysis to prescriptive analysis: an example 87 6.3. The process of Big Data analytics: from the data source to its analysis 88 6.3.1. Definition of objectives and requirements 90 6.3.2. Data collection 91 6.3.3. Data preparation 92 6.3.4. Exploration and interpretation 94 6.3.5. Modeling 95 6.3.6. Deployment 97 6.4. Conclusion 97 Chapter 7. Data and Platforms in the Sharing Context 99 7.1. Introduction 99 7.2. Pioneers in Big Data 101 7.2.1. Big Data on Walmart’s shelves 101 7.2.2. The Big Data behind Netflix’s success story 102 7.2.3. The Amazon version of Big Data 103 7.2.4. Big data and social networks: the case of Facebook 104 7.2.5. IBM and data analysis in the health sector 105 7.3. Data, essential for sharing 106 7.3.1. Data and platforms at the heart of the sharing economy 108 7.3.2. The data of sharing economy companies 110 7.3.3. Privacy and data security in a sharing economy 111 7.3.4. Open Data and platform data sharing 114 7.4. Conclusion 116 Chapter 8. Big Data Analytics Applied to the Sharing Economy 119 8.1. Introduction 119 8.2. Big Data and Machine Learning algorithms serving the sharing economy 121 8.2.1. Machine Learning algorithms 122 8.2.2. Algorithmic applications in the sharing economy context 124 8.3. Big Data technologies: the sharing economy companies’ toolbox 125 8.3.1. The appearance of a new concept and the creation of new technologies 127 8.4. Big Data on the agenda of sharing economy companies 130 8.4.1. Uber 131 8.4.2. Airbnb 132 8.4.3. BlaBlaCar 133 8.4.4. Lyft 134 8.4.5. Yelp 135 8.4.6. Other cases 137 8.5. Conclusion 139 Part 3. The Sharing Economy? Not Without Big Data Algorithms 141 Chapter 9. Linear Regression 143 9.1. Introduction 143 9.2. Linear regression: an advanced analysis algorithm 144 9.2.1. How are regression problems identified? 145 9.2.2. The linear regression model 146 9.2.3. Minimizing modeling error 148 9.3. Other regression methods 149 9.3.1. Logistic regression 150 9.3.2. Additional regression models: regularized regression 151 9.4. Building your first predictive model: a use case 152 9.4.1. What variables help set a rental price on Airbnb? 152 9.5. Conclusion 169 Chapter 10. Classification Algorithms 171 10.1. Introduction 171 10.2. A tour of classification algorithms 172 10.2.1. Decision trees 172 10.2.2. Naïve Bayes 175 10.2.3. Support Vector Machine (SVM) 177 10.2.4. Other classification algorithms 179 10.3. Modeling Airbnb prices with classification algorithms 183 10.3.1. The work that’s already been done: overview 184 10.3.2. Models based on trees: decision tree versus Random Forest 185 10.3.3. Price prediction with kNN 190 10.4. Conclusion 193 Chapter 11. Cluster Analysis 195 11.1. Introduction 195 11.2. Cluster analysis: general framework 196 11.2.1. Cluster analysis applications 197 11.2.2. The clustering algorithm and the similarity measure 198 11.3. Grouping similar objects using k-means 200 11.3.1. The k-means algorithm 201 11.3.2. Determine the number of clusters 203 11.4. Hierarchical classification 205 11.4.1. The hierarchical model approach 206 11.4.2. Dendrograms 207 11.5. Discovering hidden structures with clustering algorithms 208 11.5.1. Illustration of the classification of prices based on different characteristics using the k-means algorithm 209 11.5.2. Identify the number of clusters k 210 11.6. Conclusion 213 Conclusion 215 References 217 Index 233

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Book SynopsisArtificial and Cognitive Computing for Sustainable Healthcare Systems in Smart Cities delves into the transformative potential of artificial and cognitive computing in the realm of healthcare systems, maintaining a specific emphasis on sustainability. By exploring the integration of advanced technologies in smart cities, the authors examine and discuss how AI and cognitive computing can be harnessed to enhance healthcare delivery. The book provides focused navigation through innovative solutions and strategies that contribute to the creation of sustainable healthcare ecosystems within the dynamic environment of smart cities. From optimizing resource utilization to improving patient outcomes, this comprehensive exploration provides insight for readers with an interest in the future of healthcare within the era of intelligent urban development.

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Book SynopsisBased on fifteen years' experience teaching e-Business modules, Feng Li takes the reader through the vast range of topics and issues surrounding e-business. This much-needed new text gives business and technology students the integrated framework they need to interpret conflicting and rapidly changing business phenomena. A coherent introduction to e-business. Features case studies of the transformation of various industries, including banking, the music industry, e-tailing, the telecoms industry, and e-public services. Discusses emerging issues such as privacy, security, identity and presence in the cyber world, Internet marketing, legal, regulatory, social and political issues. Supported by online lecturer and student resources, available soon. Trade Review"This book provides a comprehensive roadmap that helps to understand the complicated and multi-faceted phenomenon of E-Business. It bridges real examples of the many ways E-Business is used to augment, substitute, disrupt, and dis-intermediate the normal practices of business with the relevant academic views of the same. The result is a powerful tool for practitioners and academics that allows the reader to drill down on these issues in whatever depth is desired." Thomas H. Brush, Purdue University "This book is refreshingly well-written and thought provoking. Grounded in appropriate theory and literature, it provides a most welcome addition to the e-business literature." Professor Michael D Williams, Swansea UniversityTable of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgements xvii 1 Introduction 1 2 What Is E-Business and Does It Still Matter? 8 Part I The New E-Business Environment 25 3 The ‘ICT Revolution’ and the Information Economy 29 4 The Network Economy: New Rules of the Game 52 5 How the Internet Redefines Organizational Boundaries: A Transaction Cost Analysis 66 Part II Emerging Strategies and Business Models in the Network Economy 79 6 New Strategies for the Network Economy: Web Strategy, Business Unbundling and Virtual Organizations 83 7 Managing Disruptive Strategic Innovations in the New Economy 102 8 Strategic Reorientations in the Network Economy: From Products and Services to Solutions and Experiences 119 9 Emerging E-Business Models in the Network Economy 133 Part III Organizational Innovations through Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) 147 10 Structural Innovations and Emerging Forms of Organization 151 11 Process Innovations: Beyond Business Process Reengineering 171 12 New Work Organization and New Ways of Working: From Teleworking to Virtual Teams 183 13 Inter-Organizational Innovations through Inter-Organizational Information Systems 197 14 Conclusions and Emerging Issues 212 Appendix I Developing a Launch-Ready E-Business Plan: Putting Theory into Practice (Assignment I) 225 Appendix II Developing an Online E-Business Resource Portal: Who is Who in E-Business (Assignment 2) 228 Appendix III Developing an E-Business Resource Portal and Online Forum: E-Business Wikipedia (Assignment 3) 231 Bibliography 233 Index 241

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive guide to the essential principles of image processing and pattern recognition Techniques and applications in the areas of image processing and pattern recognition are growing at an unprecedented rate. Containing the latest state-of-the-art developments in the field, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition presents clear explanations of the fundamentals as well as the most recent applications. It explains the essential principles so readers will not only be able to easily implement the algorithms and techniques, but also lead themselves to discover new problems and applications. Unlike other books on the subject, this volume presents numerous fundamental and advanced image processing algorithms and pattern recognition techniques to illustrate the framework. Scores of graphs and examples, technical assistance, and practical tools illustrate the basic principles and help simplify the problems, allowing students as well as professionals to easily gTable of ContentsPART I: FUNDAMENTALS. 1 INTRODUCTION. 1.1 The World of Signals. 1.2 Digital Image Processing. 1.3 Elements of an Image Processing System. Appendix 1.A Selected List of Books on Image Processing and Computer Vision from Year 2000. References. 2 MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES. 2.1 Laplace Transform. 2.2 Fourier Transform. 2.3 Z-Transform. 2.4 Cosine Transform. 2.5 Wavelet Transform. 3 IMAGE ENHANCEMENT. 3.1 Grayscale Transformation. 3.2 Piecewise Linear Transformation. 3.3 Bit Plane Slicing. 3.4 Histogram Equalization. 3.5 Histogram Specification. 3.6 Enhancement by Arithmetic Operations. 3.7 Smoothing Filter. 3.8 Sharpening Filter. 3.9 Image Blur Types and Quality Measures. 4 MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY. 4.1 Binary Morphology. 4.2 Opening and Closing. 4.3 Hit-or-Miss Transform. 4.4 Grayscale Morphology. 4.5 Basic Morphological Algorithms. 4.6 Morphological Filters. 5 IMAGE SEGMENTATION. 5.1 Thresholding. 5.2 Object (Component) Labeling. 5.3 Locating Object Contours by the Snake Model. 5.4 Edge Operators. 5.5 Edge Linking by Adaptive Mathematical Morphology. 5.6 Automatic Seeded Region Growing. 5.7 A Top-Down Region Dividing Approach. 6 DISTANCE TRANSFORMATION AND SHORTEST PATH PLANNING. 6.1 General Concept. 6.2 Distance Transformation by Mathematical Morphology. 6.3 Approximation of Euclidean Distance. 6.4 Decomposition of Distance Structuring Element. 6.5 The 3D Euclidean Distance. 6.6 The Acquiring Approaches. 6.7 The Deriving Approaches. 6.8 The Shortest Path Planning. 6.9 Forward and Backward Chain Codes for Motion Planning. 6.10 A Few Examples. 7 IMAGE REPRESENTATION AND DESCRIPTION. 7.1 Run-Length Coding. 7.2 Binary Tree and Quadtree. 7.3 Contour Representation. 7.4 Skeletonization by Thinning. 7.5 Medial Axis Transformation. 7.6 Object Representation and Tolerance. 8 FEATURE EXTRACTION. 8.1 Fourier Descriptor and Moment Invariants. 8.2 Shape Number and Hierarchical Features. 8.3 Corner Detection. 8.4 Hough Transform. 8.5 Principal Component Analysis. 8.6 Linear Discriminate Analysis. 8.7 Feature Reduction in Input and Feature Spaces. 9 PATTERN RECOGNITION. 9.1 The Unsupervised Clustering Algorithm. 9.2 Bayes Classifier. 9.3 Support Vector Machine. 9.4 Neural Networks. 9.5 The Adaptive Resonance Theory Network. 9.6 Fuzzy Sets in Image Analysis. PART II: APPLICATIONS. 10 FACE IMAGE PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS. 10.1 Face and Facial Feature Extraction. 10.2 Extraction of Head and Face Boundaries and Facial Features. 10.3 Recognizing Facial Action Units. 10.4 Facial Expression Recognition in JAFFE Database. 11 DOCUMENT IMAGE PROCESSING AND CLASSIFICATION. 11.1 Block Segmentation and Classification. 11.2 Rule-Based Character Recognition System. 11.3 Logo Identification. 11.4 Fuzzy Typographical Analysis for Character Preclassification. 11.5 Fuzzy Model for Character Classification. 12 IMAGE WATERMARKING. 12.1 Watermarking Classification. 12.2 Spatial Domain Watermarking. 12.3 Frequency-Domain Watermarking. 12.4 Fragile Watermark. 12.5 Robust Watermark. 12.6 Combinational Domain Digital Watermarking. 13 IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY. 13.1 Types of Steganography. 13.2 Applications of Steganography. 13.3 Embedding Security and Imperceptibility. 13.4 Examples of Steganography Software. 13.5 Genetic Algorithm-Based Steganography. 14 SOLAR IMAGE PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS. 14.1 Automatic Extraction of Filaments. 14.2 Solar Flare Detection. 14.3 Solar Corona Mass Ejection Detection. INDEX.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the spatial transformations in the most dynamically evolving urban areas of post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe. It links the restructuring of the built environment with the underlying processes and the forces of socio-economic reforms. The detailed accounts of the spatial transformations in a key moment of urban history in the region enhance our understanding of the linkages between society and space.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION,- Chapter 1: Taking stock of post-socialist urban development: a recapitulation: Kiril Stanilov,- PART 1: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT TRENDS: Chapter 2: Political reform, economic development, and regional growth in post-socialist Europe: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 3: Regional growth dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe in the socio-economic and geographic context of a post-socialist reality: Koloman Ivanicka, Sr. and Koloman Ivanicka, Jr.,- Chapter 4: Urbanization patterns in Russia in the post-soviet era: Irina Molodikova and Alla Makhrova,- PART 2: NON-RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT: Chapter 5: The restructuring of non-residential uses in the post-socialist metropolis: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 6: Land market, commercial real estate, and the remolding of Moscow’s urban fabric: Alla Makhrova and Irina Molodikova,- Chapter 7: Office development and post-communist city formation: the case of Prague: Ludek Sýkora,- Chapter 8: The evolution of industrial areas in Budapest after 1989: Eva Kiss,- PART 3: RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT: Chapter 9: Housing trends in Central and Eastern European cities during and after the period of transition: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 10: Social and spatial consequences of the restitution of real estate: Birgit Glock et al ,- Chapter 11: The perils of post-socialist transformation: residential development in Sofia: Sonia Hirt and Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 12: Upscale housing in post-soviet Moscow and its environs: Yuri Medvedkov and Olga Medvedkov,- PART 4: THE EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC SPACE: Chapter 13: Democracy, markets, and public space in the transitional societies of Central and Eastern Europe: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 14: Public space in the 'blue cities' of Russia: Barbara Engel,- Chapter 15: The peculiar history of (post)communist public places and spaces: Bucharest as a case study: Augustin Ioan,- Chapter 16: Urban transport in the Baltic republics: Sigurd Grava,- PART 5: PUBLIC POLICY ANDURBAN DEVELOPMENT: Chapter 17: Urban development policies in Central and Eastern Europe during the transition period and their impact on urban form: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 18: Belgrade’s post-socialist urban evolution: reflections by the actors in the development process: Sreten Vujovic and Mina Petrovic,- Chapter 19: Urban development, legislation, and planning in post-socialist Zagreb: Branko I. Cavric and Zorica Nedovic-Budic,- PART 6: PLANNING THE POST-SOCIALIST CITY: Chapter 20: Urban planning and the challenges of the post-socialist transformation: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 21: The post-socialist urban restructuring of Ljubljana: strengthening identity: Kaliopa Dimitrovska Andrews et al,- Chapter 22: Urban futures: strategic planning in post-socialist Europe: Sasha Tsenkova,- Chapter 23: Urban and regional planning in Central and Eastern European countries – from EU requirements to innovative practices: Karina M. Pallagst and Georges Mercier

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a general overview of the applications and use of geopositioning and GNSS for assisting the supervision and management of mobile terrestrial professions, information, traffic regulation, multimodal information, pedestrian mobility and indoor geopositioning, etc. It especially focuses on the field of mobility and terrestrial transport, the automotive industry and tourism (on foot, by bicycle or motorcycle, by car, by professional vehicles or by public transport, etc.). This book explores the many possibilities, developmental and organizational factors, as well as new paradigms, which will contribute to an essential part of GNSS’s civil economy, especially to Galileo in the mid-term and to Egnos in the short-term. Several of GNSS’s integration structuring aspects in sustainable terrestrial mobilities will be analyzed; for example in terms of system architecture, data safety or legal constraints. Numerous diverse points of view will be presented regarding subjects such as dynamic cartography and new computing architectures of: mobility systems, interconnection, service quality, regulation or supervision functions of individual freedoms. Contents Foreword, Matthias Ruete. 1. The Geopositioning Concept, Yves Alexandre. 2. Functions and Performance of the Egnos System, Jérôme Legenne and Daniel Brocard. 3. Information, Modeling and Traffic Reconstruction, Arnaud De La Fortelle, Jean-Marc Lasgouttes and Fabien Moutarde. 4. Geopositioning and Legal Issues, Thierry Piette-Coudol. 5. Location-based Services: Platforms and Applications, Wafaa Ait-Cheik-Bihi, Ahmed Nait-Sidi-Moh, Mohamed Bakhouya, Jaafer Gaber and Maxime Wack. 6. Geofencing, Fabrice Reclus. 7. Pedestrian Navigation for the Benefit of Mobility, Pierre-Yves Gillieron, Véronique Chazal, Michael Flamm, Dominique Von Der Mühll and Monique Ruzicka-Rossier. 8. The Application of Satellite Positioning Systems in Travel Analysis,Patrick Gendre, Alexis Bacelar and Philippe Marchal. About the Authors Ahmed Nait-Sidi-Moh is Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering and Computer Engineering at the University of Picardie Jules Verne, St Quentin, France. His research interests include modeling, analysis of discrete event systems, performance evaluation and optimization, routing policies, scheduling and interoperability for service composition. Mohamed Bakhouya is a senior research scientist at Aalto University, Finland. His research interests include various aspects on the design, validation, implementation, performance evaluation and analysis of distributed systems, architectures, protocols and services. Jaafar Gaber is Associate Professor of Computational Sciences and Computer Engineering at the University of Technology of Belfort-Montbéliard, France. His research interests include ubiquitous and pervasive computing, distributed systems, geopositioning and mobility, security and experimental performance evaluations. Maxime Wack is Associate Professor of Computational Sciences and Computer Engineering at the University of Technology of Belfort-Montbéliard, France. He heads the Geopositioning, Embedded Systems and Mobility (GSEM) team. His research interests include intelligent transportation systems, security, digital signature and certification, location-based services and distributed systems.Table of ContentsForeword xi Introduction xvii Ahmed NAIT-SIDI-MOH, Mohamed BAKHOUYA, Jaafar GABER and Maxime WACK Chapter 1. The Geopositioning Concept 1 Yves ALEXANDRE 1.1. A revolution is announced 1 1.2. The basis of powerful technological systems 2 1.2.1. US creation of a GPS economic industry 2 1.2.2. The European momentum introduced with Galileo which can rely on Egnos from now on 3 1.2.3. An open dynamic beyond the space industry sector 5 1.3. The fundamentals of geopositioning development 6 1.3.1. The universalism decentralizing of the Internet 6 1.3.2. The trend toward “service” of the electronic communication economy 7 1.3.3. The dynamic and lessons of the European GSM success story 9 1.4. Prospective visions of large geopositioning markets in transport and land transport 11 1.4.1. Multiple factors for geopositioning growth 11 1.4.2. Toll systems 12 1.4.3. Transport control and surveillance 15 1.4.4. The production of information 17 1.4.5. Intelligence systems in vehicles 19 1.4.6. Individual mobility (tourism and recreation) 21 1.5. The challenge for the future of the European GNSS incubation services 22 1.5.1. The need for downstream marketing “services, applications and uses” 22 1.5.2. The obligation of “system” strategies 23 1.5.3. The requirement to include GNSS in the new intelligent digital architectures 25 1.6. Bibliography 28 Chapter 2. Functions and Performance of the Egnos System 31 Jérôme LEGENNE and Daniel BROCARD 2.1. Introduction 31 2.2. Operating principles of Egnos 35 2.3. Improving GPS performance with Egnos 37 2.4. The behavior of Egnos faced with a GPS breakdown 42 2.5. Conclusion 43 2.6. Links 45 Chapter 3. Information, Modeling and Traffic Reconstruction 47 Arnaud DE LA FORTELLE, Jean-Marc LASGOUTTES and Fabien MOUTARDE 3.1. New technologies and development 48 3.2. Modeling and algorithms 52 3.3. Analysis and overall traffic prediction 59 3.4. Realizations and experiments 63 3.5. Perspectives 69 3.6. Bibliography 71 Chapter 4. Geopositioning and Legal Issues 75 Thierry PIETTE-COUDOL 4.1. General legal framework of geopositioning 76 4.1.1. Legal texts 76 4.1.2. Relevant legal concepts 77 4.1.3. Technical concepts and the law 81 4.2. Operating a geopositioning service 82 4.2.1. Due diligence – prerequisites 83 4.2.2. Establishment of a general framework for security 86 4.2.3. Determining the aim of the service 88 4.2.4. Administrative declaration 89 4.2.5. The principle of consent in geopositioning 91 4.2.6. Records management issues 95 4.3. Authentication and anonymity 97 4.3.1. Identity, name and anonymity 97 4.3.2. Identity and digital certificates 99 4.4. Bibliography 102 Chapter 5. Location-based Services: Platforms and Applications 103 Wafaa AIT-CHEIK-BIHI, Ahmed NAIT-SIDI-MOH, Mohamed BAKHOUYA, Jaafer GABER and Maxime WACK 5.1. Introduction 103 5.2. Technologies for LBS-based systems 104 5.2.1. Positioning systems and techniques 105 5.2.2. Communication techniques 106 5.2.3. Cartography and geographical information systems 106 5.2.4. Business process 108 5.3. Fields of application of LBS 111 5.3.1. Control and monitoring of vehicles 113 5.3.2. Real-time monitoring of snowplows 116 5.3.3. Application to antilock braking systems 118 5.3.4. TransportML for the collaboration and interaction of services 119 5.3.5. eCall: automatic emergency call system 120 5.3.6. Other LBS-based platforms 122 5.4. Conclusions 122 5.5. Bibliography 123 Chapter 6. Geofencing 127 Fabrice RECLUS 6.1. General presentation 127 6.1.1. Introduction 127 6.1.2. Terminology 128 6.2. Fields of application 131 6.2.1. Merchandise transportation 131 6.2.2. Fleet management 131 6.2.3. Security and defense applications 132 6.2.4. Surveillance of individuals 133 6.3. Tracking and geofencing system 133 6.3.1. Composition of system 133 6.3.2. Functionalities 134 6.4. Geofences 135 6.4.1. Classification 135 6.4.2. Calculation algorithms 137 6.5. Errors and false alarms 139 6.5.1. Parasite phenomena 139 6.5.2. Buffer zones 140 6.5.3. Configuration of a buffer zone 141 6.5.4. Examples of detection methods using geofencing 142 6.5.5. Geographical zones 143 6.5.6. The circle method 144 6.5.7. The rectangle method 144 6.5.8. The polygon method 145 6.5.9. Zones with scheduled time slots 145 6.5.10. Routes 146 6.5.11. Dynamic zones 147 6.6. Possible applications 149 6.6.1. Interest and reduced gains 149 6.7. Applications to road transport 150 6.7.1. Restrictions of access to zones 150 6.7.2. Freeway corridors 151 6.7.3. Monitoring parking in service areas 151 6.7.4. User services 152 6.7.5. Summary table of geofencing applications 152 6.8. Conclusion 153 6.9. Bibliography 154 Chapter 7. Pedestrian Navigation for the Benefit of Mobility 155 Pierre-Yves GILLIÉRON, Véronique CHAZAL, Michael FLAMM, Dominique VON DER MÜHLL and Monique RUZICKA-ROSSIER 7.1. Context 155 7.2. Preamble – Pedestrians 156 7.2.1. Pedestrian travel: an ambiguous status 156 7.2.2. Understanding individuals’ pedestrian thought processes 158 7.3. Current state of pedestrian navigation technologies 162 7.3.1. Location and orientation technologies 162 7.4. Modeling of traffic areas accessible to pedestrians 176 7.4.1. Cartography for pedestrians 176 7.4.2. Navigation maps: from automobile to pedestrian 178 7.4.3. Navigation solutions for built environments 179 7.4.4. The importance of reference point systems 180 7.5. User needs and contexts of use 182 7.5.1. List of potential fields of application 182 7.5.2. Applications to help people with disabilities 183 7.5.3. Applications for leisure activities 188 7.5.4. Applications for navigation in complex infrastructures 190 7.5.5. Applications to serve professionals 194 7.6. Summary and conclusion 196 7.7. Bibliography 198 Chapter 8. The Application of Satellite Positioning Systems in Travel Analysis 203 Patrick GENDRE, Alexis BACELAR and Philippe MARCHAL 8.1. Introduction 203 8.2. Use of geopositioning for travel surveys 204 8.2.1. Context 204 8.2.2. Technical principles 204 8.2.3. Existing supply 204 8.2.4. 2007 National Transport Survey (ENTD) 205 8.2.5. Hardware 207 8.2.6. Software 207 8.2.7. Other recent projects 209 8.2.8. Other similar uses of GNSS 209 8.3. Travel time via GPS: the Cap Vista application 210 8.3.1. Context 210 8.3.2. Creation of software 211 8.4. Presentation of the Cap Vista application 212 8.4.1. GPS, DB and GIS 212 8.4.2. Possible uses 216 8.4.3. Initial assessment and paths of improvement 217 8.5. Conclusions and perspectives 218 8.6. Bibliography 219 Conclusion 223 Ahmed NAIT-SIDI-MOH, Mohamed BAKHOUYA, Jaafar GABER and Maxime WACK Glossary 227 List of Authors 235 Index 237

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Book SynopsisThis new textbook provides a clear, informative and rigorous guide for students taking Religious Studies GCSE with all the major exam boards. It covers the philosophy and ethics content of the key GCSE specifications and examines these themes from the perspectives of Christianity, Roman Catholicism and Islam. Throughout the book, emphasis is placed on the scriptural basis of each religious view and on other sources of authority in each religious tradition. The development of core ethical and doctrinal questions is explored, and key thinkers and theologians are introduced to give a sound understanding of complex issues. Chapter by chapter, the book covers such topics as religious texts and sources of authority; the existence and nature of God; revelation and religious experience; the problem of evil; science and religion; death and life after death; human nature and personal relationships; human rights, conflict and crime; and global issues. There is also a dedicated chapter on study skills and exam techniques, and each chapter includes student-friendly features such as revision summaries, questions and activities. While the book has been designed with the new GCSE specifications and reforms in mind, it encourages students to see the full significance of these issues by going beyond the narrow confines of their own specification. As such, Religious Studies for GCSE will be the ideal companion for investigating this rich and fascinating area of human life.Trade Review"This authoritative textbook is comprehensive in its coverage of all the GCSE philosophy and ethics material from the major exam boards. Packed full of case studies, diverse references and fascinating ideas, it is an essential reference book for GCSE students and teachers. It guides students through complex issues which will grab attention, spark interest and give them everything they need for the philosophical and ethical sections of their Religious Studies GCSE. I believe it will inspire them to go beyond GCSE and even further into this fascinating subject." Alice McNeill, Chair of the Independent Schools Religious Studies Association and Head of Theology, Ampleforth College "This book provides a level of depth beyond the scope of most GCSE textbooks. It will be a great support for anyone teaching Christianity and Islam for the new GCSE and contains the additional information needed to stretch and challenge the most able students." Joanne Harris, Broughton High School and Committee Member of the National Association of Teachers of Religious EducationTable of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1: Religious Texts and Other Sources of Authority Chapter 2: The Existence of God Chapter 3: The Nature and Characteristics of God Chapter 4: Revelation and Religious Experience Chapter 5: The Problem of Evil Chapter 6: Religion and Science Chapter 7: Death and Life after Death Chapter 8: Human Nature Chapter 9: Relationships and Families Chapter 10: Religion, Human Rights and Social Justice Chapter 11: Global Relationships Chapter 12: War and Peace Chapter 13: Crime and Punishment Chapter 14: Exam Technique and Advice Glossary

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Book SynopsisChangemakersâ Guide to Prison Arts Programming explores practical tips and stories from the field about developing arts programs for incarcerated individuals.This book is based on more than ten years of experience, during which Annie Buckley developed two in-depth programs with prisons in California, with a focus on one, Prison Arts Collective, which has brought arts programming to over 9,500 people since 2013. The book offers step-by-step guidance on developing comprehensive, meaningful, and student-centered programming behind bars, to build programs in and with carceral institutions specifically. It also explores themes of hope and transformation, interconnection and mutuality, and grief and loss.Changemakersâ Guide to Prison Arts Programming is an essential tool for university faculty and others seeking to start similar programmes.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the main topics currently used for the calculus of structures. The reference establishes a link between the traditional approach on the strength of materials and the present finite element method, details the main aspects of practical modeling, and explores numerous case studies.Table of ContentsPreface xvii Part 1. Level 1 1 Chapter 1. The Basics of Linear Elastic Behavior 3 1.1. Cohesion forces 4 1.2. The notion of stress 6 1.2.1. Definition 6 1.2.2. Graphical representation 7 1.2.3. Normal and shear stresses 8 1.3. Hooke’s law derived from a uniaxially applied force 9 1.3.1. The stretch test 9 1.3.2. Linear mechanical behavior 12 1.3.3. Elastic mechanical behavior 12 1.3.4. Interpretation of the test at a macroscopic level 13 1.3.5. Interpretation of the test at a mesoscopic level 13 1.3.6. Interpretation of the test at a microscopic level 16 1.3.7. Summary 18 1.4. Plane state of stresses 20 1.4.1. Definition 20 1.4.2. Behavior relationships for state of plane stresses 22 1.4.3. Summary 35 1.5. Particular case of straight beams 36 1.5.1. Preliminary observations 36 1.5.2. Effects linked to the resultant forces and moments 38 Chapter 2. Mechanical Behavior of Structures: An Energy Approach 51 2.1. Work and energy 51 2.1.1. Elementary work developed by a force 51 2.1.2. Elementary work developed by a moment 52 2.2. Conversion of work into energy 53 2.2.1. Potential energy of deformation 53 2.2.2. Potential energy for a spring 55 2.3. Some standard expressions for potential deformation energy 58 2.3.1. Deformation energies in a straight beam 58 2.3.2. Deformation energy under plane stresses 74 2.4. Work produced by external forces on a structure 81 2.4.1. Beam under plane bending subjected to two forces 82 2.4.2. Beam in plane bending subject to “n” forces 99 2.4.3. Generalization to any structure 103 2.4.4. Summary 112 2.5. Links of a structure with its surroundings 113 2.5.1. Example 113 2.5.2. Generalization 118 2.6. Stiffness of a structure 119 2.6.1. Preliminary note 119 2.6.2. Stiffness matrix 121 2.6.3. Examples 121 2.6.4. Influence of the positioning 125 2.6.5. Deformation energy and stiffness matrix 139 Chapter 3. Discretization of a Structure into Finite Elements 143 3.1. Preliminary observations 143 3.1.1. Problem faced 143 3.1.2. Practical obtaining of the deformation energy for a complex structure 144 3.1.3. Local and global coordinates 147 3.2. Stiffness matrix of some simple finite elements 153 3.2.1. Truss element loaded under traction (or compression) 153 3.2.3. Beam element under plane bending 168 3.2.4. Triangular element for the plane state of stresses 178 3.3. Getting the global stiffness matrix of a structure 191 3.3.1. Objective 191 3.3.2. Mechanism of the assembly of elementary matrices 191 3.3.1. Introduction 201 3.4. Resolution of the system {F}={K}??{d} 203 3.4.1. Linkage conditions 203 3.4.2. Generalization of the method 205 3.5. Different types of finite elements available in industrial software 207 Chapter 4. Applications: Discretization of Simple Structures 209 4.1. Stiffness matrix of a spring 209 4.1.1. Helical spring 209 4.1.2. Spiral spring. 211 4.2. Assembly of elements 213 4.2.1. Example 1 213 4.2.2. Example 2 217 4.2.3. Example 3 222 4.2.4. Assembly of a truss element and a beam element under simple plane bending 228 4.3. Behavior in the global coordinate system 232 4.3.1. Plane assembly of two truss elements 232 4.4. Bracket 246 4.4.1. Objectives 246 4.4.2. Modelizing 247 4.4.3. Calculation of the elementary stiffness matrix in the global system 252 4.4.4. Assembly of the global stiffness matrix [K]str 256 4.4.5. Establishing the linkage and loading conditions 259 4.4.6. Resolution of the linear system Fstr = [K]strdstr 260 4.4.7. Additional study of the behavior of the bracket 262 4.4.8. Using computing software 267 Part 2. Level 2 269 Chapter 5. Other Types of Finite Elements 271 5.1. Return to local and global coordinate systems 271 5.1.1. Transfer matrix 271 5.1.2. Summary 273 5.2. Complete beam element (any loading case) 274 5.2.1. Preliminary comments 274 5.2.2. Obtaining the stiffness matrix in the local coordinate system 276 5.2.3. Improvement in performances of this beam element 283 5.2.4. Summary 288 5.3. Elements for the plane state of stress 291 5.3.1. Triangular element 291 5.3.2. Quadrilateral element in plane state of stress 295 5.4. Plate element 300 5.4.1. Preliminary notes 300 5.4.2. Resultant forces and moments for cohesion forces 302 5.4.3. Plate element in bending 305 5.4.4. Complete plate element 310 5.5. Elements for complete states of stresses 315 5.5.1. Preliminary notes 315 5.5.2. Solid tetrahedric element 318 5.5.3. Solid parallelepipedic element 321 5.6. Shell elements 327 5.6.1. Preliminaries 327 5.6.2. Specific case of axisymmetric shells 328 5.6.3. Axisymmetric shell element with axisymmetric boundaries 329 Chapter 6. Introduction to Finite Elements for Structural Dynamics 331 6.1. Principles and characteristics of dynamic study 332 6.1.1. Example 1 332 6.1.2. Example 2 338 6.2. Mass properties of beams 346 6.2.1. Finite beam element in dynamic bending plane 346 6.2.2. Discretization of a beam for dynamic bending 350 6.2.3. Other types of dynamic behaviors of a beam 357 6.3. Generalization 363 6.4. Summary 364 Chapter 7. Criteria for Dimensioning 365 7.1. Designing and dimensioning 365 7.2. Dimensioning in statics 370 7.2.1. The two types of criteria 370 7.2.2. Elasticity limit criterion 373 7.2.3. Non-rupture criterion 382 7.3. Dimensioning in fatigue 393 7.3.1. Fatigue phenomenon 393 7.3.2. Fatigue test 394 7.3.3. Modeling of the fatigue 397 7.3.4. Estimation of fatigue strength 399 Chapter 8. Practical Aspects of Finite Element Modeling 407 8.1. Use of finite element software 407 8.1.1. Introduction 407 8.1.2. Summary tables of the properties of elements 408 8.1.3. Connection between elements of different types 415 8.1.4. Other practical aspects 420 8.2. Example 1: machine-tool shaft 432 8.2.1. Simulation exercise 432 8.2.2. Data 433 8.2.3. Successive steps of modeling 434 8.3. Example 2: thin-walled structures 440 8.3.1. Model based on beam elements 441 8.3.2. Model in plate elements 448 8.3.3. Model in beam and plate elements 449 8.4. Example 3: modeling of a massive structure 450 8.4.1. Problem 450 8.4.2. Steps of modeling 451 8.4.3. Comments on the validity of the model 456 8.5. Summary of the successive modeling steps 457 8.5.1. Preliminary analysis 457 8.5.2. Model verification and validation 458 8.5.3. Corresponding use of the software 460 Part 3. Supplements 463 Chapter 9. Behavior of Straight Beams 465 9.1. The “straight beam” model 466 9.1.1. Definition 466 9.1.2. Main or “principal” axis of a cross-section 466 9.1.3. Applied loadings 468 9.1.4. Cohesion force and moment on a current cross-section 469 9.1.5. Hypothesis of the beam theory 474 9.1.6. Microscopic equilibrium 479 9.2. Mesoscopic equilibrium or equilibrium extended to a whole cross-section 482 9.3. Behavior relations and stresses 486 9.3.1. Normal resultant 486 9.3.2. Torsional loading 490 9.3.3. Pure bending 514 9.3.4. Plane bending with shear resultant 530 9.3.5. Any loading 549 9.4. Application: example of detailed calculation of the resultant forces and moments of cohesive forces 551 9.4.1. Preliminary static analysis 551 9.4.2. Resultant force and moment on every cross-section 553 Chapter 10. Additional Elements of Elasticity 563 10.1. Reverting to the plane state of stresses 563 10.1.1. Influence of the coordinate system 563 10.1.2. Principal directions and stresses 566 10.1.3. Mohr graphical representation 568 10.1.4. Summary 575 10.1.5. Some remarkable plane states of stresses with their Mohr representation 576 10.1.6. Experimental evaluation of deformations to define stresses 588 10.1.7. Deformation energy in principal axes 593 10.2. Complete state of stresses 593 10.2.1. Principal directions and stresses 593 10.2.2. Stresses in any x , y , z axes 594 10.2.3. Deformations 597 10.2.4. Behavior relations 599 10.2.5. Strain potential energy 604 10.2.6. Summary 609 10.2.7. Components of the strain potential energy 612 Chapter 11. Structural Joints 619 11.1. General information on connections by means of cylindrical fasteners 620 11.1.1. Contact pressure 620 11.1.2. General information on riveting 622 11.1.3. General information on bolted joints 624 11.1.4. Deterioration of riveted and bolted joints 626 11.2. Bolted joint 631 11.2.1. Simplified case where the tightening is neglected 631 11.2.2. Case of pre-tightening 654 11.3. Riveted joint 666 11.3.1. Hypotheses 666 11.3.2. Characteristics of the modeled joining interface 666 11.3.3. Forces on each attachment 667 11.3.4. Graphic representation of the shear stresses 668 11.3.5. Summary 670 11.4. Welded joints 671 11.4.1. Preliminary observations and hypotheses 671 11.4.2. Determination of the stresses in the weld bead cross-section 673 11.4.3. Summary 686 11.4.4. Example 688 Chapter 12. Mathematical Prerequisites 691 12.1. Matrix calculus 691 12.1.1. General information 691 12.1.2. Matrix operations 692 12.1.3. Quadratic form 696 12.1.4. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix 697 12.2. Change in orthonormal coordinate system 698 12.2.1. Case of coplanar coordinate systems 698 12.2.2. Cases of any general coordinate systems 699 Appendix A. Modeling of Common Mechanical Joints 703 A.1. Definition 703 A.1.1. Monolithic unit 703 A.1.2. Joints 703 A.1.3. Perfect joints 704 A.2. Common standardized mechanical joints (ISO 3952) 704 Appendix B. Mechanical Properties of Materials 711 B.1. Mechanical properties of some materials used for structures 711 B.1.1. Steels and casting 711 B.1.2. Non-ferrous metals 712 Appendix C. List of Summaries 713 Bibliography 717

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Book Synopsis"Number Theory in Science and Communication" is a well-known introduction for non-mathematicians to this fascinating and useful branch of applied mathematics . It stresses intuitive understanding rather than abstract theory and highlights important concepts such as continued fractions, the golden ratio, quadratic residues and Chinese remainders, trapdoor functions, pseudo primes and primitive elements. Their applications to problems in the real world are one of the main themes of the book. This revised fifth edition is augmented by recent advances in coding theory, permutations and derangements and a chapter in quantum cryptography. From reviews of earlier editions – "I continue to find [Schroeder’s] Number Theory a goldmine of valuable information. It is a marvelous book, in touch with the most recent applications of number theory and written with great clarity and humor.’ Philip Morrison (Scientific American) "A light-hearted and readable volume with a wide range of applications to which the author has been a productive contributor – useful mathematics outside the formalities of theorem and proof." Martin GardnerTrade ReviewFrom the reviews of the fifth edition:“Number theory has been a very active field in the last twenty-seven years, and Schroeder’s text has a palimpsest quality, with later mathematical advances layered on earlier ones. … Number Theory in Science and Communication is rewarding to browse, or as a jumping-off point for further research … . It would be a good source of student projects in an undergraduate discrete mathematics or number theory course.” (Ursula Whitcher, The Mathematical Association of America, March, 2011)Table of ContentsA Few Fundamentals.- The Natural Numbers.- Primes.- The Prime Distribution.- Some Simple Applications.- Fractions: Continued, Egyptian and Farey.- Congruences and the Like.- Linear Congruences.- Diophantine Equations.- The Theorems of Fermat Wilson and Euler.- Permutations Cycles and Derangements.- Cryptography and Divisors.- Euler Trap Doors and Public-Key Encryption.- The Divisor Functions.- The Prime Divisor Functions.- Certified Signatures.- Primitive Roots.- Knapsack Encryption.- Residues and Diffraction.- Quadratic Residues.- Chinese and Other Fast Algorithms.- The Chinese Remainder Theorem and Simultaneous Congruences.- Fast Transformation and Kronecker Products.- Quadratic Congruences.- Pseudoprimes, Möbius Transform, and Partitions.- Pseudoprimes Poker and Remote Coin Tossing.- The Möbius Function and the Möbius Transform.- Generating Functions and Partitions.- From Error Correcting Codes to Covering Sets.- Cyclotomy and Polynomials.- Cyclotomic Polynomials.- Linear Systems and Polynomials.- Polynomial Theory.- Galois Fields and More Applications.- Galois Fields.- Spectral Properties of Galois Sequences.- Random Number Generators.- Waveforms and Radiation Patterns.- Number Theory Randomness and “Art”.- Self-Similarity, Fractals and Art.- Self-Similarity, Fractals, Deterministic Chaos and a New State of Matter.

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Book SynopsisIn 2003 the Labour Government published its ambitious Sustainable Communities Plan. It promised to bring about a 'step change' in the English planning system and a new emphasis on the construction of more balanced, cohesive, and competitive places. This book uses historical and contemporary materials to document the ways in which policy-makers, in different eras, have sought to use state powers and regulations to create better, more balanced, and sustainable communities and citizens. It charts the changes that have take place in community-building policy frameworks, place imaginations, and core spatial policy initiatives in the UK since 1945. In so doing, it examines the tensions that have emerged within spatial policy over the types of places that should be created and the forms of mobility and fixity required to create them. It also shows that there are significant lessons that can be learnt from the experiences of the past. These can be used to inform contemporary policy debates over issues such as migration, uneven development, key worker housing, and sustainability. The book will be an important text for students and researchers in geography, urban studies, planning, and modern social history. It will also be of interest to practitioners working in central and local government, voluntary organisations, community groups, and those involved in the planning and design of sustainable communities.Trade Review"Overall, Mike Raco has produced a very impressive study of post-war labour0related planning policies. Its sound empirical base carries many lessons for contemporary policies." Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, Vol 23:3, 2008...the book is a valuable text for students and researchers in geography, urban studies and planning. Drawing on a wide range of empirical sources, Raco successfully utilizes governmentality theory in his critical analysis of Britain's postwar spatial policies, and in doing so transcends a simple historical account of the policy process to engage with wider debates about contemporary governance practices." Kim McKee, University of GlasgowTable of ContentsContents: Part one: Conceptualising spatial policy: Introduction changing times, changing places; Conceptualising sustainable communities: place-making and Labour market-building; Part two: Post-war spatial policy, 1945-1979: Reconstruction, regional policy and Labour market-building: inter-regional Labour transfer policies in the post-war period; Building balanced Labour markets in the post-war new towns; Economic modernisation and post-war emigration and immigration; Part three: Post-war spatial policy, 1979-2006: The reconstruction of regional policy and the re-making of the competitive region; Sustainable community building under New Labour; Managed migration, sustainable community building, and international Labour movements; Spatial policy, sustainable communities and Labour market-building, towards a new research agenda.

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Book SynopsisDieses Buch kann sowohl als begleitendes Nachschlage- und Übungsbuch für Studenten als auch als Handbuch für Lehrkräfte und Praktiker dienen, um die Anwendung des Computers zur Lösung von Aufgaben der Wirtschaftsmathematik kennenzulernen. Es ist zusätzlich ein Nachschlagewerk zu grundlegenden Begriffen, Definitionen und Sachverhalten der Wirtschaftsmathematik. Die mathematische Theorie der im Buch behandelten Aufgaben wird nur soweit behandelt, wie es für einen Anwender erforderlich ist. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Umsetzung der zu lösenden mathematischen Probleme in die Sprache der Programmsysteme und der Interpretation der gelieferten Ergebnisse.Table of ContentsLösungen von Aufgaben der Wirtschaftsmathematik mittels Computer - Am Beispiel von DERIVE, MAPLE, MATHCAD und MATHEMATICA - Außerdem Tabellenkalkulationsprogramme am Beispiel von EXCEL - Installation, Aufbau und Funktionsweise - Praktische Beispiele

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Book SynopsisAfrica is a laboratory for managerial and societal innovations built out of pragmatic arrangements. Some African companies offer products and services that go beyond the standard practices of their international counterparts, based on original and inventive managerial characteristics. Such success stories outline a new model of management and innovation for companies in the digital era.The African innovations that have emerged over the past ten years are directly linked to a managerial model that perfectly meets the demands of the digital era. These new organizations indicate that good managerial practices and innovation models also come from the Global South and no longer exclusively from the East Coast of the United States. Understanding these dynamics is of great theoretical and practical interest for the many companies struggling to seize the opportunities for growth in Africa.Table of ContentsForeword vii Introduction xiii Chapter 1 Disrupters, Breadcrumbs and the Managerial Revolution 1 1.1 Digital disruptions of management 3 1.2 New and fundamental insights 8 1.3 From pyramid to platform 10 1.4 Motivation by profit and especially by purpose 11 Chapter 2 The African Continent: Laboratory Tomorrow’s World 15 2.1 The frog’s leap, the leopard’s run and agility 16 2.2 Rebel talents and serial learners in dynamic rootedness 26 2.3 Rooted leaders/entrepreneurs, adventurers and hustlers at the service of African singularities 30 2.4 An African citizen educated and trained to think within organizations, who can speak and must be listened to 49 Chapter 3 The Mediterranean: Marrying the Future without Divorcing the Past 59 3.1 The Mediterranean: crossroads of civilizations, one-way street or dead-end street 61 3.2 Drawing from the Mediterranean thanks to people of transposition 74 3.3 Neither adoration, nor submission, but self-realization 94 3.4 Zones of fertility in “layer-cake” societies 115 Conclusion 129 Postface 131 References 137 Index 149

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Book SynopsisCommunications Writing and Design is an integrated, project-based introduction to effective writing and design across the persuasive domains of communication.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements vii Foreword ix Preface xi 1. The Connectivity between Research, Writing, and Design 1 2. Writing Technical, Persuasive, and News Communication 9 3. Communication Design 45 4. Creative Research Methods 83 5. Design Tools 103 6. Marketing Projects 123 7. Advertising Projects 145 8. Public Relations Projects 163 9. Social Media for Marketing, Advertising, and Public Relations 191 Index 199

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Book Synopsis.- Data Science and Data Analytics..- Generalized Material Flow Model for hot deformation processing based on power law..- Smallest Path Planning for Robots using Simple ACO and Ant System Algorithms..- An asymmetric single channel encryption mechanism using unequal modulus and QZS algorithm in fractional Fourier transform..- Evaluation Criteria for Test Suites in Software Developed Through Test-Driven Development..- LCB-eGyan Model: A Dynamic Cloud Architecture for e-Content Recommendation..- Gender and Ethnicity Recognition System Based on Convolutional Neural Networks..- Radiographic Evaluation for KNEEXNET Using Ensemble Models..- Comparative Study of Quantum Computing Tools and Frameworks..- Security Evaluation and Oversight in Stock Trading Using Artificial Intelligence..- A Dual Approach with Grad-CAM and Layer-wise Relevance Propagation for CNN Models Explainability..- CLAM CNN & LSTM with Attention Mechanism for DNS Data Exfiltration Detection..- Comparison of various data mining techniques for Fake Profile Detection on Twitter..- Strategies for Gen AI Enterprise Adoption..- Role of Deep Learning in Skin Cancer Diagnosis: A Deeper Insight..- Communication, Network and Security..- Smart Education-Filtering Real Time Stream..- RNA and Audio-Based Workflows Scheduling by Multi-Objective Optimization in Cloud Environment..- Group Authentication and Key Management Protocol with Chinese Remainder Theorem in Multicast Communication..- Network Traffic Analysis for Intrusion with Zero Trust..- Enhanced Image Deblurring with the Fusion of Generative Adversarial Networks and Transformer Models..- Analysis of Various Routing Protocols for Air Pollution Monitoring Systems in Wireless Sensor Networks..- Intelligent toll management using limited CNN-based Vehicle Classification..- Optimizing Software Demands using Fuzzy-based Evaluation Techniques..- Enhancing Workflow Efficiency: Innovative Workload Clustering in Cloud Environments.

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Book SynopsisApproaching wireless Internet security from the position of system architecture, this text describes the cryptographic and protocol-based tools for Internet security, highlighting their application in wireless networks. Rather than dealing with specific standards or products, the focus throughout is on the architectural and practical design aspects of wireless security systems.Table of Contents1. Security basics; 2. Network system architecture basics; 3. Cryptographic algorithms and security primitives; 4. Wireless IP network access control; 5. Local subnet configuration and address resolution; 6. Security for global IP mobility; 7. Location privacy.

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Book SynopsisIn todayâs world, where intelligent technologies are deeply transforming human-computer interaction and virtual reality, multi-modal human modeling, analysis and synthesis have become central topics in computer vision. As application scenarios grow increasingly complex, new technologies continue to emerge to address these challenges. These techniques demand systematic summarization and practical guidance.To meet this need, Multi-Modal Human Modeling, Analysis and Synthesis aims to adopt a structured perspective, building a comprehensive technical framework for multi-modal human modeling, analysis and synthesisâprogressing from local details to holistic perspectives, and from face features to body dynamics.This book begins by examining the anatomy structures and characteristics of human faces and bodies, then analyzes how traditional methods and deep learning approaches provide robust optimization solutions for modeling. For example, it explores how to address challenges in face recognition caused by lighting changes, occlusions, face expressions and aging, as well as methods for body localization, reconstruction, recognition and anomaly detection in multi-modal scenarios. It also explains how multi-modal data can drive realistic face and body synthesis. A standout feature is its focus on Huaweiâs MindSpore framework, bridging the gap between algorithms and engineering through practical case studies. From building face detection and recognition pipelines with the MindSpore toolkit to accelerating model training via automatic parallel computing, and solving large language model (LLM) training challenges, each step is supported by reproducible code and design logic.Designed for researchers and engineers in computer vision and AI, this book balances theoretical foundations with industry-ready technical details. Whether you aim to enhance the reliability of biometric recognition, explore creative possibilities in virtual-real interactions or optimize the deployment of deep learning frameworks, this guide serves as an essential link between academic advancements and real-world applications.

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Book SynopsisYouTube is now firmly established as the dominant platform for online video, and it continues to be a site of both experimentation and conflict among media industries, creators and audiences. First published in 2009, this was the first book to take YouTube seriously as a media and cultural phenomenon.Table of Contents Preface to the Second Edition Acknowledgments 1 How YouTube Matters 2 YouTube and the Media 3 YouTube’s Popular Culture 4 The YouTube Community 5 YouTube’s Cultural Politics 6 YouTube’s Competing Futures Notes References Index

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Book Synopsis(Re)Thinking Art: A Guide for Beginners is a primer that considers the term art, what it means and why it matters. Rather than being about any particular sort of art visual or otherwise the book addresses the idea of art in all, in all its messy complexity, and offers meaningful access to the vast array of human products to which it refers. Written by an award-winning teacher as a response to students' ongoing challenge, What is ''art'', anyway, and why should I care? Aims to bring readers into a meaningful relationship with art and teaches them to think critically and creatively about it - and by extension, about anything else Provides an ideal introduction to the field for students and anyone interested in art today Offers a jargon-free, common-sense basis from which to approach the theories that dominate the art world today, for readers who may wish to pursue them further Trade Review"(Re)Thinking 'Art' is a wonderful little book, mostly accessible and often funny, that offers a way forward to critical thinking about art. I would recommend it without hesitation for lower-level undergraduate courses." (Teachers College Record, December 2008) "In-depth examination of art told in plain, lively language ... [which] will allow seasoned art thinkers to reevaluate and, hopefully, reaffirm their love of art." (Art Blog by Bob)Table of ContentsList of Illustrations. Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction: What’s The Big Idea?. 1. Being Human. 2. The History of 'Art'. 3. The 'History of Art'. 4. 'Art,' Lately. 5. 'Art' and Language. 6. (Re)Thinking 'Art'. 7. Pragmatics. 8. Or, Maybe . .. Bibliography. Index.

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