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Book SynopsisData structures and algorithms is a fundamental course in Computer Science, which enables learners across any discipline to develop the much-needed foundation of efficient programming, leading to better problem solving in their respective disciplines. A Textbook of Data Structures and Algorithms is a textbook that can be used as course material in classrooms, or as self-learning material. The book targets novice learners aspiring to acquire advanced knowledge of the topic. Therefore, the content of the book has been pragmatically structured across three volumes and kept comprehensive enough to help them in their progression from novice to expert. With this in mind, the book details concepts, techniques and applications pertaining to data structures and algorithms, independent of any programming language. It includes 181 illustrative problems and 276 review questions to reinforce a theoretical understanding and presents a suggestive list of 108 programming assignments to aid in the implementation of the methods covered.Table of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xvii Chapter 13 Hash Tables 1 13.1 Introduction 1 13.1.1 Dictionaries 1 13.2 Hash table structure 2 13.3 Hash functions 4 13.3.1 Building hash functions 4 13.4 Linear open addressing 5 13.4.1 Operations on linear open addressed hash tables 8 13.4.2 Performance analysis 10 13.4.3 Other collision resolution techniques with open addressing 11 13.5 Chaining 13 13.5.1 Operations on chained hash tables 15 13.5.2 Performance analysis 17 13.6 Applications 18 13.6.1 Representation of a keyword table in a compiler 18 13.6.2 Hash tables in the evaluation of a join operation on relational databases 19 13.6.3 Hash tables in a direct file organization 22 13.7 Illustrative problems 23 Chapter 14 File Organizations 33 14.1 Introduction 33 14.2 Files 34 14.3 Keys 36 14.4 Basic file operations 38 14.5 Heap or pile organization 38 14.5.1 Insert, delete and update operations 39 14.6 Sequential file organization 39 14.6.1 Insert, delete and update operations 39 14.6.2 Making use of overflow blocks 40 14.7 Indexed sequential file organization 41 14.7.1 Structure of the ISAM files 41 14.7.2 Insert, delete and update operations for a naïve ISAM file 42 14.7.3 Types of indexing 43 14.8 Direct file organization 48 14.9 Illustrative problems 50 Chapter 15 k-d Trees and Treaps 61 15.1 Introduction 61 15.2 k-d trees: structure and operations 61 15.2.1 Construction of a k-d tree 65 15.2.2 Insert operation on k-d trees 69 15.2.3 Find minimum operation on k-d trees 70 15.2.4 Delete operation on k-d trees 72 15.2.5 Complexity analysis and applications of k-d trees 74 15.3 Treaps: structure and operations 76 15.3.1 Treap structure 76 15.3.2 Operations on treaps 77 15.3.3 Complexity analysis and applications of treaps 82 15.4 Illustrative problems 83 Chapter 16 Searching 93 16.1 Introduction 93 16.2 Linear search 94 16.2.1 Ordered linear search 94 16.2.2 Unordered linear search 94 16.3 Transpose sequential search 96 16.4 Interpolation search 98 16.5 Binary search 100 16.5.1 Decision tree for binary search 101 16.6 Fibonacci search 104 16.6.1 Decision tree for Fibonacci search 105 16.7 Skip list search 108 16.7.1 Implementing skip lists 112 16.7.2 Insert operation in a skip list 113 16.7.3 Delete operation in a skip list 114 16.8 Other search techniques 116 16.8.1 Tree search 116 16.8.2 Graph search 116 16.8.3 Indexed sequential search 116 16.9 Illustrative problems 118 Chapter 17 Internal Sorting 131 17.1 Introduction 131 17.2 Bubble sort 132 17.2.1 Stability and performance analysis 134 17.3 Insertion sort 135 17.3.1 Stability and performance analysis 136 17.4 Selection sort 138 17.4.1 Stability and performance analysis 140 17.5 Merge sort 140 17.5.1 Two-way merging 141 17.5.2 k-way merging 143 17.5.3 Non-recursive merge sort procedure 144 17.5.4 Recursive merge sort procedure 145 17.6 Shell sort 147 17.6.1 Analysis of shell sort 153 17.7 Quick sort 153 17.7.1 Partitioning 153 17.7.2 Quick sort procedure 156 17.7.3 Stability and performance analysis 158 17.8 Heap sort 159 17.8.1 Heap 159 17.8.2 Construction of heap 160 17.8.3 Heap sort procedure 163 17.8.4 Stability and performance analysis 167 17.9 Radix sort 167 17.9.1 Radix sort method 167 17.9.2 Most significant digit first sort 171 17.9.3 Performance analysis 171 17.10 Counting sort 171 17.10.1 Performance analysis 175 17.11 Bucket sort 175 17.11.1 Performance analysis 178 17.12 Illustrative problems 179 Chapter 18 External Sorting 197 18.1 Introduction 197 18.1.1 The principle behind external sorting 197 18.2 External storage devices 198 18.2.1 Magnetic tapes 199 18.2.2 Magnetic disks 200 18.3 Sorting with tapes: balanced merge 202 18.3.1 Buffer handling 204 18.3.2 Balanced P-way merging on tapes 205 18.4 Sorting with disks: balanced merge 206 18.4.1 Balanced k-way merging on disks 207 18.4.2 Selection tree 208 18.5 Polyphase merge sort 212 18.6 Cascade merge sort 214 18.7 Illustrative problems 216 Chapter 19 Divide and Conquer 229 19.1 Introduction 229 19.2 Principle and abstraction 229 19.3 Finding maximum and minimum 231 19.3.1 Time complexity analysis 232 19.4 Merge sort 233 19.4.1 Time complexity analysis 233 19.5 Matrix multiplication 234 19.5.1 Divide and Conquer-based approach to “high school” method of matrix multiplication 234 19.5.2 Strassen’s matrix multiplication algorithm 236 19.6 Illustrative problems 239 Chapter 20 Greedy Method 245 20.1 Introduction 245 20.2 Abstraction 245 20.3 Knapsack problem 246 20.3.1 Greedy solution to the knapsack problem 247 20.4 Minimum cost spanning tree algorithms 249 20.4.1 Prim’s algorithm as a greedy method 250 20.4.2 Kruskal’s algorithm as a greedy method 250 20.5 Dijkstra’s algorithm 251 20.6 Illustrative problems 251 Chapter 21 Dynamic Programming 261 21.1 Introduction 261 21.2 0/1 knapsack problem 263 21.2.1 Dynamic programming-based solution 264 21.3 Traveling salesperson problem 266 21.3.1 Dynamic programming-based solution 267 21.3.2 Time complexity analysis and applications of traveling salesperson problem 269 21.4 All-pairs shortest path problem 269 21.4.1 Dynamic programming-based solution 270 21.4.2 Time complexity analysis 272 21.5 Optimal binary search trees 272 21.5.1 Dynamic programming-based solution 274 21.5.2 Construction of the optimal binary search tree 276 21.5.3 Time complexity analysis 279 21.6 Illustrative problems 280 Chapter 22 P and NP Class of Problems 287 22.1 Introduction 287 22.2 Deterministic and nondeterministic algorithms 289 22.3 Satisfiability problem 292 22.3.1 Conjunctive normal form and Disjunctive normal form 294 22.3.2 Definition of the satisfiability problem 294 22.3.3 Construction of CNF and DNF from a logical formula 295 22.3.4 Transformation of a CNF into a 3-CNF 296 22.3.5 Deterministic algorithm for the satisfiability problem 297 22.3.6 Nondeterministic algorithm for the satisfiability problem 297 22.4 NP-complete and NP-hard problems 297 22.4.1 Definitions 298 22.5 Examples of NP-hard and NP-complete problems 300 22.6 Cook’s theorem 302 22.7 The unsolved problem P = NP 303 22.8 Illustrative problems 304 References 311 Index 313 Summaries of other volumes 317

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Book SynopsisData structures and algorithms is a fundamental course in Computer Science, which enables learners across any discipline to develop the much-needed foundation of efficient programming, leading to better problem solving in their respective disciplines. A Textbook of Data Structures and Algorithms is a textbook that can be used as course material in classrooms, or as self-learning material. The book targets novice learners aspiring to acquire advanced knowledge of the topic. Therefore, the content of the book has been pragmatically structured across three volumes and kept comprehensive enough to help them in their progression from novice to expert. With this in mind, the book details concepts, techniques and applications pertaining to data structures and algorithms, independent of any programming language. It includes 181 illustrative problems and 276 review questions to reinforce a theoretical understanding and presents a suggestive list of 108 programming assignments to aid in the implementation of the methods covered.Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xv Chapter 8 Trees and Binary Trees 1 8.1 Introduction 1 8.2 Trees: definition and basic terminologies 1 8.2.1 Definition of trees 1 8.2.2 Basic terminologies of trees 2 8.3 Representation of trees 3 8.4 Binary trees: basic terminologies and types 6 8.4.1 Basic terminologies 6 8.4.2 Types of binary trees 7 8.5 Representation of binary trees 8 8.5.1 Array representation of binary trees 8 8.5.2 Linked representation of binary trees 10 8.6 Binary tree traversals 11 8.6.1 Inorder traversal 12 8.6.2 Postorder traversal 16 8.6.3 Preorder traversal 19 8.7 Threaded binary trees 22 8.7.1 Linked representation of a threaded binary tree 24 8.7.2 Growing threaded binary trees 24 8.8 Applications 25 8.8.1 Expression trees 26 8.8.2 Traversals of an expression tree 27 8.8.3 Conversion of infix expression to postfix expression 27 8.8.4 Segment trees 31 8.9 Illustrative problems 42 Chapter 9 Graphs 61 9.1 Introduction 61 9.2 Definitions and basic terminologies 63 9.3 Representations of graphs 75 9.3.1 Sequential representation of graphs 76 9.3.2 Linked representation of graphs 80 9.4 Graph traversals 81 9.4.1 Breadth first traversal 81 9.4.2 Depth first traversal 83 9.5 Applications 87 9.5.1 Single source shortest path problem 87 9.5.2 Minimum cost spanning trees 90 9.6 Illustrative problems 97 Chapter 10 Binary Search Trees and AVL Trees 115 10.1 Introduction 115 10.2 Binary search trees: definition and operations 115 10.2.1 Definition 115 10.2.2 Representation of a binary search tree 116 10.2.3 Retrieval from a binary search tree 117 10.2.4 Why are binary search tree retrievals more efficient than sequential list retrievals? 118 10.2.5 Insertion into a binary search tree 120 10.2.6 Deletion from a binary search tree 122 10.2.7 Drawbacks of a binary search tree 125 10.2.8 Counting binary search trees 128 10.3 AVL trees: definition and operations 130 10.3.1 Definition 131 10.3.2 Retrieval from an AVL search tree 132 10.3.3 Insertion into an AVL search tree 133 10.3.4 Deletion from an AVL search tree 141 10.3.5 R category rotations associated with the delete operation 146 10.3.6 L category rotations associated with the delete operation 150 10.4 Applications 151 10.4.1 Representation of symbol tables in compiler design 151 10.5 Illustrative problems 154 Chapter 11 B Trees and Tries 175 11.1 Introduction 175 11.2 m-way search trees: definition and operations 176 11.2.1 Definition 176 11.2.2 Node structure and representation 176 11.2.3 Searching an m-way search tree 178 11.2.4 Inserting into an m-way search tree 178 11.2.5 Deleting from an m-way search tree 179 11.2.6 Drawbacks of m-way search trees 184 11.3 B trees: definition and operations 184 11.3.1 Definition 184 11.3.2 Searching a B tree of order m 186 11.3.3 Inserting into a B tree of order m 186 11.3.4 Deletion from a B tree of order m 190 11.3.5 Height of a B tree of order m 194 11.4 Tries: definition and operations 195 11.4.1 Definition and representation 195 11.4.2 Searching a trie 197 11.4.3 Insertion into a trie 197 11.4.4 Deletion from a trie 198 11.4.5 Some remarks on tries 200 11.5 Applications 200 11.5.1 File indexing 201 11.5.2 Spell checker 203 11.6 Illustrative problems 204 Chapter 12 Red-Black Trees and Splay Trees 215 12.1 Red-black trees 215 12.1.1 Introduction to red-black trees 215 12.1.2 Definition 216 12.1.3 Representation of a red-black tree 219 12.1.4 Searching a red-black tree 220 12.1.5 Inserting into a red-black tree 220 12.1.6 Deleting from a red-black tree 228 12.1.7 Time complexity of search, insert and delete operations on a red-black tree 236 12.2 Splay trees 236 12.2.1 Introduction to splay trees 236 12.2.2 Splay rotations 237 12.2.3 Some remarks on amortized analysis of splay trees 242 12.3 Applications 244 12.4 Illustrative problems 245 References 261 Index 263 Summaries of other volumes 265

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Book SynopsisThis new edition offers the most up-to-date and comprehensive guide to accomplishing and perfecting a photorealistic look in digital content across visual effects, architectural and product visualization, and games.Emmy award-winning VFX supervisor Eran Dinur offers readers a deeper understanding of the complex interplay of light, surfaces, atmospherics, and optical effects, and then discusses techniques to achieve this complexity in the digital realm, covering 3D, 2D, and generative AI methodologies. In addition, the book features artwork, case studies, and interviews with leading artists in the fields of VFX, visualization, and games. Exploring color, integration, light and surface behaviour, atmospherics, shading, texturing, physically-based rendering, procedural modelling, compositing, matte painting, lens/camera effects, and much more, Dinur offers a compelling, elegant guide to achieving photorealism in digital media and creating imagery that is seamless from real footage. In this second edition, the book explores generative AI as a tool for producing photoreal content. It focuses on various workflows and techniques for controlling the generative process and guiding AI models toward the desired results.The bookâs broad perspective makes this detailed guide suitable for VFX, visualization, and game artists and students, as well as directors, architects, designers, and anyone who strives to achieve convincing, believable visuals in digital media.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1: About Python.- Chapter 2: Naming.- Chapter 3: Components of Code.- Chapter 4: Loops and if Statements.- Chapter 5: Basic Mathematics.- Chapter 6: Functions and Methods.- Chapter 7: Classes.- Chapter 8: Util.- Chapter 9: Unit Tests.- Chapter 10: Matplotlib.- Chapter 11: Numerical mathematics.- Chapter 12. More Examples.

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Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction to Data Science in the ClassroomChapter Goal: After reading this chapter, readers will understand the importance of measurement - they will able to measure air temperature using a thermometer and they will understand how it works. We will introduce a number of core data science concepts and how to apply them to build an experiment. We’ll cover some basic how-to skills for gathering and tabulating data, and we will undertake some analysis on our results. The reader will get an overview of a complete and meaningful example of applied data science, and they will be ready to explore more deeply. Data is everywhere: Why do we measure things and what does ‘measuring things’ even mean? How is this related to data science? Using Temperature: How is temperature used in the world? Measuring temperature: What does a thermometer do and how does it work? Designing an experiment: We will begin to design an experiment using our thermometers to measure the temperature at different locations. We will look at factors that might have a negative impact on our experiment and we’ll look at controlling them. We we will see the importance of validity and reliability. Data capturing: Before our experiment commences, we will introduce the reader to the concept of data capturing - recording (tabulating) data. Experimenting with temperature: Here we will outline the classroom activity (experiment) to collect and analyse data. We will introduce the concept of experimental design and see how it can help address issues of reliability and validity. Analysing our results: We will introduce the concept of ‘interrogating’ the data by listing a series of questions that the data set might provide insights into. In a later chapter we will look at more sophisticated analysis, for now we show how to extract some meaning / insights from the data we just collected. Summary: Brings together all the new concepts introduced in this chapter and sets the stage for the next chapter. Chapter 2: Data Science Goes DigitalChapter Goal: After reading this chapter, readers will understand why there is a tendency to ‘go digital’ and what it means to read data digitally. We will introduce technology and coding to replicate our experiment and we will begin to explore ways that the digital approach can expand our capabilities and potential as data scientists. We’ll use a BBC micro:bit (or any similar device) to measure temperature, all the while looking at our experimental design and how to improve it. By the end of the chapter we will have identified the sort of hardware we need in our data science toolkit. Making it digital: Why is everything digital? What are the types of thermometers? Explain about digital thermometers and show how they are different to analogue. How can introducing digital improve our temperature experiment from Chapter 1 Using a microprocessor to measure temperature digitally: We will use micro:bit - brief intro to microbit, including sensors that can be used for measure things causing GW (only the ambient temperature sensor). Using the BBC micro:bit as a thermometer: Programming the micro:bit for reading the air temperature of the classroom. Use MakeCode (or MicroPython) for programming. Analogue and digital thermometers: Reading temperature simultaneously from a micro:bit and a thermometer. Discuss differences between methods. In particular the difficulties of manual reading, need to read two things same time (thermometer or micro:bit and the clock) Limitations of micro:bit as a standalone tool: We’ve seen some limitations with microbit. By itself it provides us with too few tools. What are -ons and how are add-ons used with microprocessors, and what about micro:bit? Discuss variety of options available to educators. Identifying the digital tools we need for data science: We have identified weaknesses in micro:bit. We also review what we need to be accomplished data scientists. Selecting our tool kit: Introduce the configuration (microbit + XinaBox) that we will use for main thread of examples. Explain why. Offer tips to adapt for other platforms throughout. Chapter summary Chapter 3: Building a Weather StationChapter Goal: After this chapter the reader will be able to build a digital weather station in the backyard, or classroom! We’ll show the reader how to build one using a micro:bit and the XinaBox SW01 &, BM01 and we’ll explain how other kit could be used. The reader will record temperature, humidity, and pressure by programming the micro:bit to display the sensor readings on the led screen. The reader will be reminded of the limitations of the micro:bit LED screen and an alternative screen to display all the sensor data will be introduced. We’ll show the reader how to connect the OD01 OLED display to show the output, and we’ll explain other options. The reader finishes the chapter with a working weather station, and the realisation that writing values down all the time is a real limiting factor.What we need for the circuit - brain, power, weather sensor and visual display unit. We show what we are using - micro:bit, xChip SW01, BM01 & xBUS connectors and show how to connect. We make it clear other components can be used - show some examples (e.g. Adafruit, Monk Makes, RPi). Programming the micro:bit (MakeCode Weatherbit package/MicroPython) to read sensor values (temperature, humidity, and pressure) and display them on the LED screen. Test the program - the display is just not adequate. We need to introduce a more suitable display. So, we add the OD01 OLED display and program it. NB - readers do not need the OLED at all - they can continue to chapter with the 5x5. Now we measure the weather over a period of time. Classes may have some with OLED and some with 5x5. Write down the sensor data in a table by looking at the display (OLED or 5x5). Making a few copies of the data capturing sheet (we will provide the format of the sheet). Distributing them among some students in different locations and ask them to write down the sensor values at the same time (maybe every 1 minute at 10 minute intervals). The exercise is likely to be flawed in many ways - recording error will occur. Discuss causes of errors by recording the sensor values manually, with either display. Data Analysis. We introduce charts and talk about time - how each set of points is implicitly time-stamped. Talk about correlations. Nothing too heavy yet - no statistical significance. We are encouraging the curious mind to ask questions, like in earlier chapters. Discuss how alternate data could be substituted in. Talk about sensors in general, how other sensors could be used in place of weather. Weather station code here can be adapted for all sorts of uses. We introduce a few examples we’ll use in our GW experiments later. Discussing the limits of the experiment - use the example of taking readings over a 24 hour period. How can that be accomplished with our circuit? How do we take the human out of the equation? Chapter 4: Storing and retrieving dataChapter Goal: In this chapter We will build further on our experiment and enhance our data science tool set introducing the use of computer memory for data capturing - the reader will be able store and retrieve data digitally for further analysis. The reader will be able to use the micro:bit's tiny persistent file system to store the data captured by the weather station then move that data onto their laptop and perform analysis. The reader will understand the limitations of the micro:bit storage by running an overnight test and counting the data points. Introduction to file storage on the micro:bit storage: We recap on why we want to save files and provide a non-technical overview of persistent memory on the micro:bit! Save Hello World to file: Briefly demonstrate the most simple code to write to and save a file. Include a brief and simple overview of how to extract the file after. Working with files: Explain key elements of the process - storing data (writing) on the micro:bit file system - creating, writing, closing files. Ensure every line of code in (2) is explained. Incorporating files into our experimental design: What impact does access to computer memory have on our experimental design? How do we amend the design to accommodate our new capabilities. Measuring memory size: how many data points we can record until the memory gets full? What is the maximum file size? Write some code to test this quickly. How many readings can we take in a 24 hour period? Replicating the weather station experiment with file storage: Now we set up an overnight experiment with the weather station to record data at the interval we have calculated. We will analyse the data in detail, in the next chapter. Addressing memory limitations: micro:bit provides us with some file storage, but not much. We introduce options to address that - ways to expand the available memory. We offer suggestions for why this would be useful Summary Chapter 5: The basics of analysing the dataChapter Goal: The reader now has the capacity to generate files containing data tables. In previous chapters we have undertaken analysis using our eyes and logic; here we look at developing some basic skills using common software (Excel, libra, GSheet). The reader will be able to import their table into a multi column spreadsheet and ensure it is formatted OK. We will find values such as max and min, as well as averages (mean, median, mode). We will discuss trends, data significance and we’ll look more formally at the concept of confidence. By the end of this chapter we will have provided the reader with all the analysis tools we will use in this book - later chapters will look at how to apply these. The workflow of data science: We review the process we have been learning about - gathering, Importing, analysing. Summarise what we know so far and introduce the goal of this chapter. The workflow of analysis: Break down the analysis process into constituents. Show the steps needed to undertake analysis and describe the tools we use at each step. Data rigour: Checking the data and ensuring it is formatted OK. Encourage data discipline - spot checks, logic checks. We remind readers that the human eye remains the most powerful too. Using spreadsheets: Introduce aggregation measures, explain them and show how to find them using a spreadsheet- Charts and visualisations: Show how to generate charts in a few software platforms. Show lots of examples to demonstrate how patterns can be seen in charts that are hard to see in tables. Use real work GW examples and a broad variety of chart types. Visualising acceleration: Write a program with just the micro:bit that saves 200 or so values of accelerometer to file. Run the program, wave the micro:bit round, extract that data and then chart it. Repeat and wave differently to get a different data profile - discuss. Summary - Guidelines for analysis: Draw together all the advise / info we have provided so far into a checklist people can use when undertaking analysis. Chapter 6: Wireless CommunicationChapter Goal: In this chapter we will introduce the reader to a variety of wireless communication options. They will understand the differences between Bluetooth, Wi-fi and LoRa (maybe Sigfox too) and they will have any idea of their strengths and weaknesses. The reader will be able to make an informed decision about which method to use in which context. Communicating data wirelessly has a lot of advantages, such as real time updates, less human hassly / error. Introduction to wireless communications. Explain the generic model of wireless communications showing the key components (e.g. base, ota waves, receiver) that are common to all. Show how Bluetooth implements the generic model Show how Wi-Fi implements the generic model Show how LoRa implements the generic model Table showing strengths and weaknesses of all 3 methods, with guidelines on when each is appropriate. Chapter 7: Sending data via BluetoothChapter Goal: At the end of this chapter, the reader will able to send the sensor data to a mobile app through the Bluetooth, and understand how Bluetooth can be used to send data over a short distance. Programming the micro:bit to send data over Bluetooth UART (MakeCode is easy). Installing Bitty app. Pairing micro:bit with the Bitty app. Receiving data (only for visualize). Bitty - Show weather station sharing data with bitty. Chapter 8: Sending data through WiFi using MQTTChapter Goal: After reading this chapter, the reader will be able to send the sensor data to the Ubidots dashboard through WiFi using MQTT, a lightweight messaging protocol. The reader will learn how to program the CW01 with MakeCode/MicroPython, Setting up the Ubidots dashboard to visualize data, triggering events with the Ubidots, and analyzing the relationship with temperature and humidity with a simple graph. What is WiFi? Explain difference with WiFi and Bluetooth on micro:bit - strengths and weaknesses of both. Explaining MQTT in simple terms Connecting micro:bit, BM11, IP01, and CW01 together using uBus connectors (can use the same setup used in the previous chapter). Preparing MakeCode with required packages that support CW01. Setting up Ubidots (creating an account, configuring the dashboard, etc.) Setting up HiveMQ, creating topics, etc. Programming and flashing micro:bit. Programming and flashing CW01 Visualizing data with Ubidots Plotting temp with humidity (Can you see a relationship?). Triggering (sending an e-mail if the temperature is too high) Chapter 9: Sending Data via LoRaChapter Goal: After completing this chapter, the reader will be able to build a simple LoRa network and use it to send the data collected by the weather station to the Ubidots IoT platform, visualizing, and analyzing data. Overview of XinaBox hardware for LoRa / may be others Connecting the micro:bit, RL0x, and BM01 together. Setting up the LoRa gateway Connecting the LoRa gateway with a WiFi/Cellular/LAN Programming with MakeCode / MicroPython, using any provides libraries Setting up Ubidots and creating a dashboard to visualizing data (if not, use The Things Network - TTN with any supported app to visualize the data.) Chapter 10: Now we are ready to be data scientistsChapter Goal: We’ve spent a lot of time developing skills that are key to a data scientist, and this chapter will highlight those skills and give ideas about how they can / are used in everyday life. We’ll also list the tools we’ve learned above and begin to talk about how they can be applied to useful projects that will address global warming. List out the skills that we have learned, measuring data, recording it, tabulating, charting and analysing. List out the tools we now have at our disposal - we know how to use sensors, how to store data and how to get it off the device into a tool we can use to tabulate, chart and perform actions on. We talk about limits of micro:bit - that it won’t be able to handle a lot of stuff at once. That will be a constraint we’ll have to work with. Identify real world examples of where similar tech to ours is used, break each down into the simple components we know: Weather forecasting, automatic street lamps, credit card transactions, GPS positioning, etc. Chapter 11: Measuring the power consumption of a light bulbChapter Goal: The consumption of electricity is strongly related to GW. By following this chapter, the reader will be able to build a tool to measure the kilowatt-hours (power consumption) used by a light bulb. The reader will use micro:bit and SL01 to detect the presence of the light. The reader will write the code to calculate and display the kilowatts used by the light bulb with the wattage of the lamp and the elapsed time for lighting. Basics of power consumption/watts/ watt-hour, etc. Building the unit with micro:bit and SL01 Creating the code with MakeCode (using running time block to calculate the elapsed time) Displaying the usage of kilowatt-hours on the OLED display or sending data to a cloud (will consider later) We can go deep by analyzing the peak time of the power consumption. Chapter 12: Monitor Air Pollution LevelsChapter Goal: By following this chapter, the reader will be able to build a digital instrument to monitor the air quality which includes eCO2 (equivalent calculated carbon-dioxide), and TVOC (Total Volatile Organic Compound), alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, amines, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Then the reader will be able to identify the level of pollution in the air based on the air quality index (good, moderate, unhealthy for sensitive groups, unhealthy, very unhealthy, hazardous). No of pages: 20Sub - Topics: Introducing the air quality index. Building the project with XinaBox SG33 - VOC & eCO2 (CCS811). Programming the core Displaying useful information on the OLED display Optional (add buzzer or vibrator to indicate unhealthy or hazardous environments) Chapter 13: Geotagging your Weather StationChapter Goal: Sensor data by itself is bland stuff. Associating it with a time and place gives more life to it, and your sensor data could become more socialized. By following this chapter, the reader will be able to add the geotagging feature to the weather station (Prerequisite: The weather station should have the ability to connect to the Internet with WiFi or through LoRa) using SN01 or similar GPS module. Then the reader will be able to send sensor data along with the time and location (lat/lon), and other useful GPS data to an IoT dashboard like Ubidots. Finally, the reader will view and analyze some interesting patterns of weather data with the locations. Introduction to the geotagging and explaining how important it is/trends, etc. Adding SN01 to an existing weather station project (in chapter 8 or 9). Programming the cores for getting GPS data too. Sending data to an IoT dashboard Viewing and analyzing data/ asking questions, etc. Chapter 14: Measuring Noise Pollution on Your Way Chapter Goal: Measuring the sound level is an exciting topic today. Sounds above 85 dB are harmful, depending on how long and how often you are exposed to them. By following this chapter, the reader will be able to measure the sound level in different locations. The reader will be able to collect data, analyze, and identify the areas with a harmful level of sound pollution. Identifying the harmful areas Introduction to sound pollution and different sound levels Building the circuit with the SparkFun sound detector or similar thing: https://www.sparkfun.com/products/14262 Programming the cores Gathering data Analyzing Chapter 15: Beyond the micro:bitChapter Goal: By following this chapter, the reader will be able to rebuild the weather station by replacing the micro:bit with other microcontrollers that commonly available. Building the weather station with CC01 / maker.makecode, programming, sending data to an IoT dashboard. Building the weather station with CC01 / Arduino, programming, sending data to an IoT dashboard. Building the weather station with CC01 / Zerynth, programming, sending data to an IoT dashboard. Note - we’d want to use CW02 for this as it has a license on board. Building the weather station with Raspberry Pi, programming, sending data to an IoT dashboard. Appendix AWe will also include following if we have enough time to complete this book on time.Sending micro:bit weather station into high altitude / low earth orbit. Sending a weather station to high altitude using a helium balloon. Sending a weather station to low earth orbit. Choosing a long-range communication technology (say LoRa) Setting up the ground station. Receiving, visualizing, comparing, analyzing sensor data Using the Blynk to replace the UART terminal app (requires Arduino IDE and nRF5 support package for Arduino). Using a PIR sensor with micro:bit to turn on/off lights by detecting the presence of a human. Also when natural light is bright enough. Show how it can be used for a table lamp and consider completely novel applications (turn off music, lock a door). A project for monitoring water pollution.

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together current research and adopts a pragmatic approach to modeling and using context to solve real-world problems. The editors were instrumental in creating - and continue to be involved in - the interdisciplinary research community, centered around the biennial CONTEXT (International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context) conference series, focused on studying context and its implications for artificial intelligence, software applications, psychology, philosophy, linguistics, neuroscience, as well as other fields. The first three chapters lay the foundations, looking at the lessons learned over the past 25 years and arguing for a continued shift toward more pragmatic approaches. The remaining chapters contain contributions to pragmatic context-based research from a wide range of domains, including technological problems - such as subway incident management and autonomous underwater vehicle control - identifying emotions from speech without understanding the words, anonymization in a world where privacy is increasingly threatened, teaching in context and improving management teaching in a business school.Table of ContentsPreface xi Patrick Brézillon and Roy M. Turner Introduction xxi Patrick Brézillon and Roy M. Turner Chapter 1 Pragmatic Research on Context Modeling and Use 1 Patrick Brézillon and Roy M. Turner 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Pragmatic research on context 2 1.3 Role of context in AI systems 3 1.3.1 Data, information and knowledge 3 1.3.2 Contextual knowledge 6 1.4 Three examples of pragmatic research on context 8 1.4.1 Introduction 8 1.4.2 Contextual graphs (CxGs) 9 1.4.3 Context-based reasoning (CxBR) 11 1.4.4 Context-mediated behavior (CMB) 12 1.4.5 Conclusions and lessons learned 14 1.5 Conclusion 18 1.6 References 19 Chapter 2. Modeling and Using Context: 25 Years of Lessons Learned 23 Patrick Brézillon 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Knowledge in action 25 2.2.1 Operational knowledge and contextual knowledge 25 2.2.2 Operational knowledge and mental models 26 2.2.3 Modeling operational knowledge 27 2.2.4 Indirect modeling from experience reuse 29 2.2.5 Lessons learned 31 2.3 Context in action 32 2.3.1 Conceptual modeling 32 2.3.2 A typology of contexts 33 2.3.3 About contextual elements 34 2.3.4 Implementation of the contextual graphs formalism 39 2.4 Using context in real-world applications 40 2.4.1 Context and focus processing 40 2.4.2 Context and actors 42 2.4.3 Extension of the CxG formalism 43 2.5 Conclusion 46 2.6 References 49 Chapter 3 Toward Pragmatic Context-Based Intelligent Systems 53 Roy M. Turner and Patrick Brézillon 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 Evolution of AI systems 55 3.2.1 Formal versus pragmatic acontextual approaches 55 3.2.2 Formal consideration of context 56 3.2.3 Pragmatic consideration of context 57 3.3 Pragmatic context-based intelligent systems 62 3.3.1 Explicit context representation 63 3.3.2 Context assessment mechanism 66 3.3.3 Context transitioning mechanism 68 3.3.4 Context-based intelligent assistant systems 68 3.3.5 Context-based intelligent autonomous agents 73 3.4 Conclusion 80 3.5 References 81 Chapter 4 Activating the Context for Learning and Teaching: Findings from the TEEC Project 87 Claire Anjou, Thomas Forissier, Jacqueline Bourdeau, Valéry Psyché, Lamprini Chartofylaka and Alain Stockless 4.1 Introduction 87 4.2 Theoretical framework 89 4.2.1 Internal and external contexts for education 89 4.2.2 Modeling external context 91 4.3 The research focuses 95 4.4 Methodology 98 4.4.1 DBR methodology 98 4.4.2 Data collection and analysis 99 4.4.3 TEEC organization 99 4.5 Results and findings 101 4.5.1 Context effects identification and specification 101 4.5.2 Using the digital technologies 105 4.5.3 Learning as an evolution of mental representations 106 4.5.4 The development of digital tools 107 4.6 Discussion and interpretation 114 4.6.1 Context effect and affective dimension: learning with contexts, contexts effect and cognitive conflict 114 4.6.2 Digital education and context 117 4.6.3 Mazcalc needs to interact with the scripting tool 118 4.7 Conclusion and related work 118 4.8 Acknowledgment and credits 120 4.9 Appendices: description of the TEEC experiment 120 4.9.1 Historical event/social realities 120 4.9.2 Geothermal energy 121 4.9.3 Literature 122 4.9.4 Sustainable development: sugar 122 4.9.5 Sustainable development: fruit 124 4.10 References 125 Chapter 5 Pragmatic Reasoning in Context: Context-Mediated Behavior 131 Roy M. Turner 5.1 Introduction 131 5.2 Context-mediated behavior 133 5.2.1 CMB for autonomous agents: Orca Project 137 5.2.2 Contextual schemas 138 5.2.3 Context assessment 144 5.3 CMB and planning 146 5.4 CMB in multiagent systems 149 5.4.1 Context-appropriate organization and reorganization 149 5.4.2 An ontology for contextual knowledge and contexts 151 5.4.3 Trust in context 154 5.5 (Deep) learning in context 155 5.6 Conclusion 162 5.7 Acknowledgments 162 5.8 References 163 Chapter 6 Using Context to Help Identify the Emotional State of a Human in a Conversation 169 Andreas H. Marpaung and Avelino J. Gonzalez 6.1 Introduction and background 169 6.2 Use case and research hypothesis 170 6.3 Related works 172 6.4 Sentiment analysis as a way to model context 174 6.5 Our approach to the problem 176 6.5.1 Our overall approach to paralinguistic affect recognition 176 6.5.2 A (very) brief description of phase I (context-free classification) 177 6.5.3 Phase II – the context-centered process 178 6.6 Example application: smart phone 189 6.6.1 Phase 1: context-free process 189 6.6.2 Phase 2: context-centered process 190 6.7 Summary and conclusion 191 6.8 References 192 Chapter 7 Context-Driven Behavior: A Proactive Approach to Contextual Reasoning 197 Christian Wilson 7.1 Motivation for a proactive model 197 7.2 Challenges associated with a proactive model 199 7.2.1 Coping with uncertainty 199 7.2.2 A lack of initial knowledge 202 7.3 Context and contextual knowledge 203 7.3.1 Problem-solving contexts 203 7.3.2 Contextual schemas 204 7.4 A framework for context-driven agent 208 7.4.1 Defining a problem-solving scenario 209 7.4.2 Predicting future contexts 210 7.4.3 Identifying context-inappropriate behavior 215 7.4.4 Strategy modification 217 7.5 Conclusion 219 7.6 References 219 Chapter 8. Context-Based Personal Data Discovery for Anonymization 221 Hassane Tahir and Patrick Brézillon 8.1 Introduction 221 8.2 Personal and sensitive data 223 8.3 Procedure of personal data discovery 224 8.3.1 Objective of personal data discovery procedures 224 8.3.2 Role of a DPO in personal data discovery 225 8.3.3 Description of procedure of data discovery 225 8.4 Specifying personal data in the context of an anonymization process 228 8.4.1 Definition of anonymization 228 8.4.2 Motivation for data anonymization 228 8.4.3 Examples of techniques of anonymization 229 8.4.4 Anonymization process 231 8.4.5 Contextual elements in personal data discovery 232 8.5 Related work 235 8.6 Procedure contextualization for data discovery 236 8.6.1 The concept of context 236 8.6.2 Conceptual graph approach 236 8.6.3 A case study 238 8.7 Conclusion 242 8.8 References 243 Chapter 9 Situated Management Learning 245 John Hegarty and Régis Maubrey 9.1 Introduction 245 9.2 Management practices, values and theoretical insights 246 9.2.1 Management practices 247 9.2.2 Management values 251 9.2.3 Management insights 253 9.2.4 Toward a dynamic model of situated management learning 256 9.3 Situated learning – an application in an accounting classroom 257 9.3.1 The rules of the learning game 257 9.3.2 The accounting decision-making situation 258 9.3.3 Learning teams 259 9.3.4 Deliverables by the learning teams 259 9.3.5 Feedback to the learning teams 260 9.4 Results 260 9.5 Discussion, outlook and related research 261 9.6 Acknowledgments 262 9.7 References 263 List of Authors 267 Index 269

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Book SynopsisThe next enterprise computing era will rely on the synergy between both technologies: semantic web and model-driven software development (MDSD). The semantic web organizes system knowledge in conceptual domains according to its meaning. It addresses various enterprise computing needs by identifying, abstracting and rationalizing commonalities, and checking for inconsistencies across system specifications. On the other side, model-driven software development is closing the gap among business requirements, designs and executables by using domain-specific languages with custom-built syntax and semantics. It focuses on using modeling languages as programming languages. Among many areas of application, we highlight the area of configuration management. Consider the example of a telecommunication company, where managing the multiple configurations of network devices (routers, hubs, modems, etc.) is crucial. Enterprise systems identify and document the functional and physicaTable of ContentsList of Figures xv List of Tables xix Foreword xxi Preface xxiii Acronyms xxvii Part I Fundamentals 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Motivation 3 1.2 Research Questions 5 2 Model-Driven Engineering Foundations 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Model-Driven Engineering Structure 9 2.2.1 Models 11 2.2.2 Metamodels 11 2.2.3 Modeling Languages 13 2.2.4 Model Transformations 17 2.2.5 Query Languages 17 2.3 Technical Spaces 19 2.4 Conclusion 20 3 Ontology Foundations 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Ontology 22 3.2.1 Ontology Modeling 22 3.3 The Ontology Web Language 24 3.3.1 OWL 2 Syntax 24 3.3.2 OWL 2 Semantics 27 3.3.3 World Assumption and Name Assumption 27 3.4 Ontology Services 31 3.4.1 Reasoning Services 31 3.4.2 Querying 31 3.5 Ontology Engineering Services 33 3.5.1 Explanation 33 3.5.2 Ontology Matching 34 3.6 Rules 34 3.7 Metamodels for Ontology Technologies 35 3.7.1 OWL Metamodels 35 3.7.2 SPARQL Metamodel 40 3.8 Ontological Technical Spaces 41 3.9 Conclusion 43 4 Marrying Ontology and Model-Driven Engineering 44 4.1 Introduction 44 4.2 Similarities between OWL Modeling and UML Class-Based Modeling 45 4.3 Commonalities and Variations 46 4.3.1 Language 47 4.3.2 Formalism 49 4.3.3 Data Model 49 4.3.4 Reasoning 50 4.3.5 Querying 51 4.3.6 Rules 51 4.3.7 Transformation 52 4.3.8 Mediation 52 4.3.9 Modeling Level 53 4.4 The State of the Art of Integrated Approaches 54 4.4.1 Model Validation 54 4.4.2 Model Enrichment 56 4.4.3 Ontology Modeling 58 4.5 Existing Work on Classifying Integrated Approaches 58 4.6 Conclusion 59 Conclusion of Part I Part II The TwoUse Approach 5 The TwoUse Conceptual Architecture 65 5.1 Introduction 65 5.2 Requirements for Integrating Ontology Technologies and Model-Driven Engineering 66 5.2.1 Usage of Ontology Services in MDE 66 5.2.2 Usage of MDE Techniques in OWL Ontology Engineering 67 5.3 Addressing the Requirements with the TwoUse Approach 68 5.4 Metamodeling Architecture 70 5.4.1 The TwoUse Metamodel 70 5.5 Syntax 72 5.5.1 UML Profile for OWL 72 5.5.2 Pure UML Class Diagrams 75 5.5.3 Textual Notation 75 5.6 Conclusion 77 6 Query Languages for Integrated Models 78 6.1 Introduction 78 6.2 Combining Existing Approaches 78 6.3 Querying Ontologies Using OWL Syntax: SPARQLAS 80 6.3.1 SPARQLAS Concrete Syntax 80 6.3.2 SPARQLAS Metamodel 81 6.3.3 Transformation from SPARQLAS to SPARQL 81 6.4 Querying Integrated Models: SPARQLAS4TwoUse 82 6.5 Conclusion 84 7 The TwoUse Toolkit 86 7.1 Introduction 86 7.2 Use Case Descriptions 87 7.3 A Generic Architecture for MDE and Ontology Engineering 87 7.3.1 Core Services 88 7.3.2 Engineering Services 89 7.3.3 Front-End 90 7.4 Instantiating the Generic Model-Driven Architecture: The TwoUse Toolkit 90 7.5 Conclusion 93 Conclusion of Part II Part III Applications in Model-Driven Engineering 8 Improving Software Design Patterns with Owl 99 8.1 Introduction 99 8.2 Case Study 100 8.2.1 Applying the Strategy Pattern 100 8.2.2 Extending to the Abstract Factory 101 8.2.3 Drawbacks 103 8.3 Application of the TwoUse Approach 104 8.3.1 OWL for Conceptual Modeling 104 8.3.2 TwoUse for Software Design Patterns: The Selector Pattern 105 8.4 Validation 109 8.4.1 Participants and Collaborations 109 8.4.2 Applicability 110 8.4.3 Drawbacks 110 8.4.4 Advantages 110 8.5 Related Work 111 8.6 Conclusion 111 9 Modeling Ontology-Based Information Systems 112 9.1 Introduction 112 9.2 Case Study 113 9.2.1 UML Class-Based Software Development 113 9.2.2 Ontology-Based Software Development 116 9.3 Application of the TwoUse Approach 117 9.3.1 Concrete Syntax 118 9.3.2 Abstract Syntax 119 9.3.3 Querying 121 9.4 Validation 121 9.4.1 Limitations 123 9.5 Conclusion 123 10 Enabling Linked Data Capabilities to MOF Compliant Models 124 10.1 Introduction 124 10.2 Case Study 125 10.2.1 Requirements 127 10.3 Application of the TwoUse Approach 128 10.3.1 Model Extension 128 10.3.2 Model Transformation 130 10.3.3 Matching 131 10.3.4 Querying with SPARQLAS 131 10.4 Validation 132 10.4.1 Limitations 134 10.5 Related Work 134 10.6 Conclusion 135 Conclusion of Part III Part IV Applications in the Semantic Web 11 Model-Driven Specification of Ontology Translations 141 11.1 Introduction 141 11.2 Case Study 142 11.3 Application of the TwoUse Approach 145 11.3.1 Concrete Syntax 145 11.3.2 Metamodels 146 11.3.3 Model Libraries 148 11.3.4 Semantics 148 11.3.5 Ontology Translation Process 148 11.3.6 Implementation 149 11.4 Examples 150 11.5 Analysis 153 11.6 Related Work 154 11.7 Conclusion 155 12 Automatic Generation of OntologyAPIs156 12.1 Introduction 156 12.2 Case Study 158 12.3 Application of the TwoUse Approach 161 12.3.1 Key Domain Concepts 161 12.3.2 agogo Concrete Syntax by Example 163 12.3.3 Implementation 166 12.4 Analysis 167 12.5 Related Work 169 12.6 Conclusion 170 13 Using Templates in Owl Ontologies 171 13.1 Introduction 171 13.2 Case Study 172 13.3 Application of the TwoUse Approach 174 13.3.1 Extending the OWL Metamodel with Templates 174 13.3.2 Semantics of Templates 177 13.3.3 Notations for Templates in OWL 179 13.3.4 Query Templates 180 13.4 Analysis 181 13.4.1 Limitations 182 13.5 Related Work 182 13.6 Conclusion 183 Conclusion of Part IV 14 Conclusion 187 14.1 Contributions 187 14.2 Outlook 189 14.2.1 Ongoing Research 189 Appendix A 191 A.1 EBNF Defi nition of the Concrete Textual Syntax for TwoUse 191 A.2 EBNF Grammar of SPARQLAS Functional Syntax 192 A.3 EBNF Grammar of SPARQLAS Manchester Syntax 197 A.4 SPARQLAS Metamodel 202 A.5 Ecore to OWL: Translation Rules 204 Appendix B206 B.1 Use Cases 206 B.1.1 Design Integrated Models 206 B.1.2 Design Integrated UML Class Diagram 206 B.1.3 Design Integrated Ecore Model 207 B.1.4 Specify SPARQLAS4TwoUse Query Operations 207 B.1.5 Transform to OWL 207 B.1.6 Compute Alignments 208 B.1.7 Browse 208 B.1.8 Explain Axioms 209 B.1.9 Query UML Class-Based Models 209 B.1.10 Query OWL Ontologies 209 B.1.11 Design Ontology Engineering Services 209 B.1.12 Design Ontology API 210 B.1.13 Design Ontology Translation 210 B.1.14 Design Ontology Template 210 B.1.15 Generate Service 211 B.2 Connecting Use Cases with Requirements 211 References 212 Index 226

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Book SynopsisCraig Larman serves as chief scientist at Valtech, a leading technology consultancy with offices throughout the United States, Europe, and Asia. He is known throughout the worldwide software community as an expert and coach in OOA/D and design patterns, agile/iterative methods, an agile approach to the Unified Process (UP), and modeling with the UML. He holds a B.S. and M.S. in computer science from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia. Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION. 1. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design. 2. Iterative, Evolutionary, and Agile. 3. Case Studies. II. INCEPTION 4. Inception is Not the Requirements Phase 5. Evolutionary Requirements. 6. Use Cases 7. Other Requirements. III. ELABORATION ITERATION 1-BASICS 8. Iteration 1-Basics 9. Domain Models 10. System Sequence Diagrams 11. Operation Contracts 12. Requirements to Design-Iteratively 13. Logical Architecture and UML Package Diagrams 14. On to Object Design 15. UML Interaction Diagrams 16. UML Class Diagrams 17. GRASP: Designing Objects with Responsibilities 18. Object Design Examples with GRASP. 19. Designing for Visibility 20. Mapping Designs to Code 21. Test-Driven Development and Refactoring IV. ELABORATION ITERATION 2-MORE PATTERNS 22. UML Tools and UML as Blueprint 3. Quick Analysis Update. 24. Iteration 2-More Patterns. 25. GRASP: More Objects with Responsibilities. 26. Applying GoF Design Patterns. V. ELABORATION ITERATION 3-INTERMEDIATE TOPICS. 27. Iteration 3-Intermediate Topics. 28. UML Activity Diagrams and Modeling. 29. UML State Machine Diagrams and Modeling. 30. Relating Use Cases. 31. More SSDs and Contracts. 32. Domain Model Refinement. 33. Architectural Analysis. 34. Logical Architecture Refinement. 35. More Object Design with GoF Patterns. 36. Package Design. 37. UML Deployment and Component Diagrams. 38. Designing a Persistence Framework with Patterns. 39. Documenting Architecture: UML & the N+1 View Model. VI. SPECIAL TOPICS 40. More on Iterative Development and Agile Project Management. Recommended Resources. Bibliography. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisLanguage and Computers introduces students to the fundamentals of how computers are used to represent, process, and organize textual and spoken information. Concepts are grounded in real-world examples familiar to students experiences of using language and computers in everyday life.Trade Review“…a broad introduction is also needed by Bachelor’s students in linguistics, and by those studying to become language consultants, translators, and so on. This book would then be the natural choice.” (Computational Linguistics, 2013) “In general, I can certainly recommend “Language and Computers” as a broad introduction to language technology aimed at the general audience and at students who are curious about modern language technology.” (Mach Translat, 1 March 2013)Table of ContentsWhat This Book Is About xi Overview for Instructors xiii Acknowledgments xvii 1 Prologue : Encoding Language on Computers 1 1.1 Where do we start? 1 1.1.1 Encoding language 2 1.2 Writing systems used for human languages 2 1.2.1 Alphabetic systems 3 1.2.2 Syllabic systems 6 1.2.3 Logographic writing systems 8 1.2.4 Systems with unusual realization 11 1.2.5 Relation to language 11 1.3 Encoding written language 12 1.3.1 Storing information on a computer 12 1.3.2 Using bytes to store characters 14 1.4 Encoding spoken language 17 1.4.1 The nature of speech 17 1.4.2 Articulatory properties 18 1.4.3 Acoustic properties 18 1.4.4 Measuring speech 20 Under the Hood 1: Reading a spectrogram 21 1.4.5 Relating written and spoken language 24 Under the Hood 2: Language modeling for automatic speech recognition 26 2 Writers’ Aids 33 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 Kinds of spelling errors 34 2.2.1 Nonword errors 35 2.2.2 Real-word errors 37 2.3 Spell checkers 38 2.3.1 Nonword error detection 39 2.3.2 Isolated-word spelling correction 41 Under the Hood 3: Dynamic programming 44 2.4 Word correction in context 49 2.4.1 What is grammar? 50 Under the Hood 4: Complexity of languages 56 2.4.2 Techniques for correcting words in context 58 Under the Hood 5: Spell checking for web queries 62 2.5 Style checkers 64 3 Language Tutoring Systems 69 3.1 Learning a language 69 3.2 Computer-assisted language learning 71 3.3 Why make CALL tools aware of language? 73 3.4 What is involved in adding linguistic analysis? 76 3.4.1 Tokenization 76 3.4.2 Part-of-speech tagging 78 3.4.3 Beyond words 80 3.5 An example ICALL system: TAGARELA 81 3.6 Modeling the learner 83 4 Searching 91 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 Searching through structured data 93 4.3 Searching through unstructured data 95 4.3.1 Information need 95 4.3.2 Evaluating search results 96 4.3.3 Example: Searching the web 97 4.3.4 How search engines work 100 Under the Hood 6: A brief tour of HTML 103 4.4 Searching semi-structured data with regular expressions 107 4.4.1 Syntax of regular expressions 108 4.4.2 Grep: An example of using regular expressions 110 Under the Hood 7: Finite-state automata 112 4.5 Searching text corpora 115 4.5.1 Why corpora? 116 4.5.2 Annotated language corpora 117 Under the Hood 8: Searching for linguistic patterns on the web 118 5 Classifying Documents : From Junk Mail Detection to Sentiment Classification 127 5.1 Automatic document classification 127 5.2 How computers “learn ” 129 5.2.1 Supervised learning 130 5.2.2 Unsupervised learning 131 5.3 Features and evidence 131 5.4 Application: Spam filtering 133 5.4.1 Base rates 135 5.4.2 Payoffs 139 5.4.3 Back to documents 139 5.5 Some types of document classifiers 140 5.5.1 The Naive Bayes classifier 140 Under the Hood 9: Naive Bayes 142 5.5.2 The perceptron 145 5.5.3 Which classifier to use 148 5.6 From classification algorithms to context of use 149 6 Dialog Systems 153 6.1 Computers that “converse”? 153 6.2 Why dialogs happen 155 6.3 Automating dialog 156 6.3.1 Getting started 156 6.3.2 Establishing a goal 157 6.3.3 Accepting the user ’ s goal 157 6.3.4 The caller plays her role 158 6.3.5 Giving the answer 158 6.3.6 Negotiating the end of the conversation 159 6.4 Conventions and framing expectations 159 6.4.1 Some framing expectations for games and sports 160 6.4.2 The framing expectations for dialogs 160 6.5 Properties of dialog 161 6.5.1 Dialog moves 161 6.5.2 Speech acts 162 6.5.3 Conversational maxims 164 6.6 Dialog systems and their tasks 166 6.7 Eliza 167 Under the Hood 10: How Eliza works 172 6.8 Spoken dialogs 174 6.9 How to evaluate a dialog system 175 6.10 Why is dialog important? 176 7 Machine Translation Systems 181 7.1 Computers that “translate”? 181 7.2 Applications of translation 183 7.2.1 Translation needs 183 7.2.2 What is machine translation really for? 184 7.3 Translating Shakespeare 185 7.4 The translation triangle 188 7.5 Translation and meaning 191 7.6 Words and meanings 193 7.6.1 Words and other languages 193 7.6.2 Synonyms and translation equivalents 194 7.7 Word alignment 194 7.8 IBM Model 1 198 Under the Hood 11: The noisy channel model 200 Under the Hood 12: Phrase-based statistical translation 204 7.9 Commercial automatic translation 205 7.9.1 Translating weather reports 205 7.9.2 Translation in the European Union 207 7.9.3 Prospects for translators 208 8 Epilogue : Impact of Language Technology 215 References 221 Concept Index 227

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Book SynopsisThe controversies that have developed in recent years in the field of education and training around program and competency-based approaches are not without reminiscent of those which are at the origin of a reflection on the question of methods to monitor, control, organize and shape innovation in science and technology "and led to the emergence of the notion of responsibility for innovation and research "(Pellé & Reber, 2015). This book is clearly part of this type of approach. Starting from a current state of play on the issues and controversies raised by curricular and competency-based approaches (Chapters 1 and 2), this book aims at presenting new theoretical frameworks, allowing to account for the processes implied by the implementation of these pedagogical innovations and, in particular, those which, at the very heart of the skills mobilized, promote a "responsibility" dimension. Based on a developmental approach to individual and collective competencies and their evaluation (Chapters 3, 4 and 5), it attempts to show how this approach can mobilize educational practices on strong societal issues, such as "sustainable development "(Chapter 5). Lastly, it aims to provide theoretical and practical benchmarks to help engage educational teams and institutions in these innovative and responsible approaches by providing a coherent framework for doing so (Chapters 6, 7 and 8).Table of ContentsForeword xiBernard REBER Preamble xviiCatherine LOISY and Jean-Claude COULET Introduction xixCatherine LOISY and Jean-Claude COULET Chapter 1 Program-based Approach, Curriculum and Competency-based Approach: Sense and Nonsense in the Light of Neoliberalism 1Yves LENOIR 1 1 Introduction 1 1 2 The program-based approach 2 1 2 1 Its origins and context of its deployment in international assistance 2 1 2 2 The transfer of the concept to education 5 1 3 The PBA, the course of study and curriculum: differences and similarities 6 1 3 1 The PBA: a rejection of the concept of course of study 6 1 3 2 The PBA and the curriculum 7 1 3 3 Two distinct socio-educational logics 10 1 4 Attributes of the program-based approach 15 1 4 1 Positive attributes 15 1 4 2 A program-based approach for what school education purposes? 21 1 5 Conclusion 34 1 6 References 36 Chapter 2 Can a Competency-based Curriculum be a Humanistic Curriculum? 57Xavier ROEGIERS 2 1 Introduction: challenges 57 2 2 Competency: a polysemic term 57 2 3 What is a humanistic curriculum? 59 2 3 1 Empowerment goals 61 2 3 2 Work for common good 63 2 4 What is a humanistic curriculum? 63 2 4 1 Awareness level of school challenges 63 2 4 2 Promotion of citizen awareness, rather than citizen submission 65 2 4 3 Progressive changes rather than radical changes 66 2 4 4 Explicit rather than implicit course of study 66 2 4 5 Choice, implicit or explicit, of graduate attributes 67 2 4 6 Prioritize the issue of meaning 67 2 4 7 Prioritize actions over speeches 68 2 4 8 Being clear with the status of innovations introduced 70 2 4 9 A consistent and long-term evaluation consideration for reform rather than a short-term, diffuse evaluation policy 71 2 5 Can a competency-based curriculum be humanistic? 72 2 5 1 Effectiveness at the benefit of meaning 73 2 5 2 Equity for itself, but also for more efficiency 75 2 5 3 What can be done for a humanistic curriculum? 77 2 6 Conclusion 78 2 7 References 78 Chapter 3 Developing Competencies: Theoretical Detour in Favor of a Humanistic-based Competency Approach 81Jean-Claude COULET 3 1 Introduction 81 3 2 A competency model 82 3 2 1 Main limitations of the literature data 82 3 2 2 Presentation of MADDEC 83 3 3 MADDEC's interest in the implementation of a CBA 85 3 3 1 Elucidating the relationships between competencies and knowledge 85 3 3 2 The formalization of competencies 86 3 3 3 Procedures for guiding the development of competencies 90 3 4 Towards the building of a collective competency 93 3 4 1 Implementation of the CBA: a productive activity 94 3 4 2 Implementation of the CBA: a constructive activity 96 3 5 Conclusion 96 3 6 References 97 Chapter 4 A Developmental Perspective of Competency Assessment 101Christian CHAUVIGNÉ 4 1 Introduction 101 4 2 Competency: an assessment object that is difficult to grasp 102 4 2 1 Convergence in the concepts of competency 102 4 2 2 Scheme as a model of intelligibility 103 4 2 3 Competency: its properties and resources 104 4 2 4 Subtle assessment of an elusive and changing object 105 4 3 The need for a reference system characterized by its incompleteness 106 4 3 1 Identification and description of reference competencies 107 4 3 2 Co-developed reference system 110 4 3 3 Non-exhaustive and scalable reference system 111 4 4 Building a cluster of relevant indicators 112 4 4 1 Observable fields 112 4 4 2 Methodological conjugation 114 4 4 3 Qualitative approach 115 4 5 Adaptability, main focus of competency assessment 116 4 5 1 Adaptability assessment 116 4 5 2 From the analysis of uncertainty to acceptability judgment 117 4 6 Development, challenge and end purpose of assessment 118 4 6 1 Classifying versus dynamic use of value attribution 119 4 6 2 An assessment participating in learning 120 4 7 Conclusion 121 4 8 References 122 Chapter 5 Anchoring Social and Environmental Responsibilities in Educational and Training Practices 125Jean-Claude COULET 5 1 Introduction 125 5 2 Reference theoretical models 128 5 2 1 Need to define the concept of competency 128 5 2 2 Modeling the dynamics of the evolution of competencies within organizations and territories 134 5 3 Operational tools 138 5 3 1 Implementing change within the activity of organizations and territories 138 5 3 2 Initiating change within education and training activities 145 5 4 Conclusion 151 5 5 References 153 Chapter 6 Program-based Approach in Teacher Development Perspective 157Catherine LOISY 6 1 Introduction 157 6 2 Implementation of the PBA in France 159 6 2 1 The Bologna process and its translation into French national politics 160 6 2 2 Pedagogical transformation in educational policy discourses 161 6 2 3 DevSup: case study of a training system 163 6 3 Potential learning and development of teachers involved in the PBA clarification based on development theories 167 6 3 1 What do teachers involved in a PBA do? 167 6 3 2 Learning made possible for teachers 169 6 3 3 Potential development of teachers involved in a PBA 172 6 4 Research watch points and perspectives 176 6 4 1 Watch points 176 6 4 2 Research perspectives 179 6 5 Conclusion 181 6 6 References 182 Chapter 7 Implementing the Program-based Approach: a Development Perspective of the Quality of University Education 189Mariane FRENAY, Philippe PARMENTIER, Léticia WARNIER and Pascale WOUTERS 7 1 Introduction 189 7 2 PBA at UCL: presentation and context 190 7 2 1 Bologna phase (2004–2010) 191 7 2 2 EQF phase – adoption of the European qualifications framework (2011–2014) 192 7 2 3 “Paysage” decree phase (since 2014) 193 7 3 What institutional levers supported PBA implementation? 194 7 4 Supporting PBA as a strategy for educational development at the institutional level? 197 7 5 PBA involved in the current trends of curriculum models? 198 7 6 The Louvain-Laval Collaborative Research Project on PBA, or how to view the project through a sustainability perspective 199 7 7 Conclusion 201 7 8 References 202 Chapter 8 Benchmarks for Operationalizing Program-based and Competency-based Approaches in Universities 205Catherine LOISY, Émilie CAROSIN and Jean-Claude COULET 8 1 Introduction 205 8 2 Benchmarking between program-based and competency-based approaches 206 8 2 1 Transition to an articulation between program-based and competency-based approaches 207 8 2 2 Some pitfalls to be avoided 211 8 3 Articulating program-based and competency-based approaches from the diachronic perspective of competency 213 8 3 1 Targeted, effective and explicated competencies 214 8 3 2 The backbone of the articulation between program-based and competency-based approaches 220 8 4 General approach to be implemented 222 8 5 References 223 Conclusion 227Catherine LOISY and Jean-Claude COULET Postface 233Jean-Paul BRONCKART List of Authors 249 Index 251

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Book SynopsisModern practical medicine requires high tech in diagnostics and therapy and in consequence in education. All disciplines use computers to handle large data bases allowing individual therapy, to interpret large data bases in form of neuronal signals, help visualization of organs during surgery. This book contains chapters on personalised therapy, advanced diagnostics in neurology, modern techniques like robotic surgery (da Vinci robots), 3D-printing and 3D-bioprinting, augmented reality applied in medical diagnostics and therapy. It is impossible without fast large scale data mining in both: clinical data interpretation as well as in hospital organization including hybrid surgery rooms and personal data flow. The book is based on a course for medical students organized in the editor's department. Every year, around 300 international undergraduate medical students take the course.

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Book SynopsisUpdated and now available in paperback, this highly successful training guide includes original contributions from leading training and development specialists. It has proved to be invaluable to newly appointed trainers and more experienced practitioners alike and is particularly suitable for students of the professional bodies'' Certificate in Training and Development.Trade Review"A good adjunct for the certificate in training and development course ..... provides a good survey." Training and DevelopmentTable of Contents1. Techniques for Investigation: Malcolm Craig. 2. Techniques for Analysis: Malcolm Craig. 3. Analysis of Organizational Training Needs: John Roscoe. 4. Learning to Learn: Sylvia Downs. 5. Objectives and Evaluation: Gill Sanderson. 6. Learning and Training Design: John Roscoe. 7. Tutor Delivered Training: Steve Truelove. 8. Open and Distance Learning: Jim Stewart and Rosemary Winter. 9. Administration of Training: Steve Truelove. 10. National Training Policies in Britain: Bob Hamlin. 11. Developing Employees: Steve Truelove.

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Book SynopsisMicrosoft Project es una herramienta de gestión que permite integrar y procesar información de cualquier tipo de proyecto (construcción, minería, TI, infraestructura, industrial, ambiental, social, petrolero, etcétera). Este libro tiene como objetivo proporcionar las herramientas avanzadas de Microsoft Project para realizar el seguimiento y el control de los proyectos en función de una planificación estructurada, desde sus inicios hasta su culminación. Esta publicación está dirigida a profesionales, técnicos y estudiantes de Ingeniería Civil y del área de Gestión de Proyectos.

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Book SynopsisThis title presents a large variety of models and algorithms dedicated to the resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP), which aims at scheduling at minimal duration a set of activities subject to precedence constraints and limited resource availabilities. In the first part, the standard variant of RCPSP is presented and analyzed as a combinatorial optimization problem. Constraint programming and integer linear programming formulations are given. Relaxations based on these formulations and also on related scheduling problems are presented. Exact methods and heuristics are surveyed. Computational experiments, aiming at providing an empirical insight on the difficulty of the problem, are provided. The second part of the book focuses on several other variants of the RCPSP and on their solution methods. Each variant takes account of real-life characteristics which are not considered in the standard version, such as possible interruptions of activities, production and consumption of resources, cost-based approaches and uncertainty considerations. The last part presents industrial case studies where the RCPSP plays a central part. Applications are presented in various domains such as assembly shop and rolling ingots production scheduling, project management in information technology companies and instruction scheduling for VLIW processor architectures.Table of ContentsPreface 13 Christian ARTIGUES, Sophie DEMASSEY and Emmanuel NÉRON Part 1. Models and Algorithms for the Standard Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem 19 Chapter 1. The Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem 21 Christian ARTIGUES 1.1. A combinatorial optimization problem 21 1.2. A simple resource-constrained project example 23 1.3. Computational complexity 23 1.4. Dominant and non-dominant schedule subsets 26 1.5. Order-based representation of schedules and related dominant schedule sets 28 1.6. Forbidden sets and resource flow network formulations of the RCPSP 31 1.7. A simple method for enumerating a dominant set of quasi-active schedules 34 Chapter 2. Resource and Precedence Constraint Relaxation 37 Emmanuel NÉRON 2.1. Relaxing resource constraints 38 2.2. Calculating the disjunctive subproblem 38 2.3. Deducing identical parallel machine problems 41 2.4. Single cumulative resource problem 45 2.5. Conclusion and perspectives 47 Chapter 3. Mathematical Programming Formulations and Lower Bounds 49 Sophie DEMASSEY 3.1. Sequence-based models 50 3.1.1. Minimal forbidden sets 51 3.1.2. Resource flow 52 3.2. Time-indexed formulations 53 3.2.1. Resource conflicts as linear constraints 54 3.2.2. Feasible configurations 56 3.2.2.1. Combinatorial relaxations 58 3.2.2.2. Column generation and further improvements 59 3.2.2.3. Cutting planes for the preemptive relaxation 60 3.3. Linear lower bounds and redundant resources 61 Chapter 4. Constraint Programming Formulations and Propagation Algorithms 63 Philippe LABORIE and Wim NUIJTEN 4.1. Constraint formulations 63 4.1.1. Constraint programming 63 4.1.2. Constraint-based scheduling 64 4.2. Constraint propagation algorithms 65 4.2.1. Temporal constraints 65 4.2.2. Timetabling 66 4.2.3. Disjunctive reasoning 67 4.2.4. Edge-finding 67 4.2.5. Energy reasoning 68 4.2.6. Precedence graph 70 4.2.7. Energy precedence 70 4.2.8. Balance constraint 71 4.3. Conclusion 72 Chapter 5. Branching Schemes for Branch-and-Bound 73 Emmanuel NÉRON 5.1. Chronological branching scheme 75 5.1.1. Adding one activity to a partial solution 75 5.1.1.1. Considering all relevant activities 75 5.1.1.2. Delaying one activity 77 5.1.2. Dominance rule: left shift and global left shift 78 5.1.3. Adding a subset of activities to a partial solution 79 5.1.3.1. Delaying alternatives 79 5.1.3.2. Building a solution using blocks 80 5.1.4. Dominance rule: cut-set 81 5.2. Specific branching schemes 82 5.2.1. Fixing disjunction and parallel relationship 82 5.2.2. Reducing time-windows of activities 83 5.2.3. Resolving forbidden sets 84 5.3. Conclusion and perspectives 85 Chapter 6. Heuristics 87 Christian ARTIGUES and David RIVREAU 6.1. Schedule representation schemes 87 6.1.1.Natural date variables 87 6.1.2. List schedule generation scheme representations 88 6.1.3. Set-based representations 88 6.1.4.Resource flow network representation 89 6.2. Constructive heuristics 89 6.2.1. Standard list schedule generation scheme heuristics 89 6.2.2. A generic insertion-based list schedule generation scheme 91 6.2.3. Set schedule generation scheme heuristics 93 6.2.4. (Double-) justification-based methods 94 6.3. Local search neighborhoods 94 6.3.1. List-based neighborhoods 95 6.3.2. Set-based neighborhoods 95 6.3.3. Resource flow-based neighborhoods 96 6.3.4. Extended neighborhood for natural date variables 96 6.4. Metaheuristics 97 6.4.1. Simulated annealing 97 6.4.2. Tabu search 97 6.4.3. Population-based metaheuristics 98 6.4.4. Additional methods 99 6.5. Conclusion 100 6.6. Appendix 101 6.6.1. Serial list schedule generation revisited 101 6.6.2. Parallel list schedule generation revisited 104 Chapter 7. Benchmark Instance Indicators and Computational Comparison of Methods 107 Christian ARTIGUES, Oumar KONÉ, Pierre LOPEZ, Marcel MONGEAU, Emmanuel NÉRON and David RIVREAU 7.1. Introduction 107 7.2. Standard instance indicators 108 7.3. New instance indicators 112 7.4. State-of-the-art benchmark instances 114 7.5. A critical analysis of the instance indicators 118 7.5.1. Indicator comparison between trivial and non-trivial instances 118 7.5.2. Indicator stability and correlation 120 7.6. Comparison of solution methods 124 7.6.1. Selected methods and experimental framework 124 7.6.2. Results on the KSD30 instances 129 7.6.3. Results on the BL instances 131 7.6.4. Results on the KSD60 instances 132 7.6.5. Results on the Pack instances 134 7.7. Conclusion 135 Part 2. Variants and Extensions 137 Chapter 8. Preemptive Activities 139 Jean DAMAY 8.1. Preemption in scheduling 139 8.2. State of the art 140 8.2.1. Integral preemption for the RCPSP 140 8.2.2. Rational preemption for parallel machine scheduling problems 141 8.3. Recent LP-based methods 142 8.3.1. Reformulation 142 8.3.2. A specific neighborhood search algorithm 144 8.3.2.1. Descent approach 144 8.3.2.2. Diversification techniques 145 8.3.2.3. Experimental results 145 8.3.3. Exact methods 146 8.3.3.1. Branch-and-bound 146 8.3.3.2. Branch and cut and price 147 8.4. Conclusion 147 Chapter 9. Multi-Mode and Multi-Skill Project Scheduling Problem 149 Odile BELLENGUEZ-MORINEAU and Emmanuel NÉRON 9.1. Introduction 149 9.2. Multi-Mode RCPSP 150 9.2.1. Problem presentation 150 9.2.2. Branching schemes for solving multi-mode RCPSP 152 9.2.3. Dominance rules 153 9.3. Multi-Skill Project Scheduling Problem 154 9.3.1. Problem presentation 154 9.3.2. Branching scheme based on time-windows reduction 157 9.3.3. Lower bounds and time-bound adjustments 158 9.3.4. Dominance rule 159 9.4. Conclusion and research directions 160 Chapter 10. Project Scheduling with Production and Consumption of Resources: How to Build Schedules 161 Jacques CARLIER, AzizMOUKRIM and Huang XU 10.1. Introduction 161 10.2. The precedence-constrained project scheduling problem 162 10.2.1. Traditional precedence constraints 162 10.2.2. AND/OR precedence constraints 163 10.3. The resource-constrained project scheduling problem 164 10.3.1. Graph representation 164 10.3.2. The strict order algorithm 164 10.4. Scheduling problems with production and consumption of a non-renewable resource 166 10.5. Discussion 170 Chapter 11. Activity Insertion Problem in a RCPSP with Minimum and Maximum Time Lags 171 Christian ARTIGUES and Cyril BRIAND 11.1. Introduction 171 11.2. Problem statement 172 11.3. Insertion positions 176 11.4. Feasibility conditions under a makespan upper bound 176 11.5. Computational complexity of the insertion problem with minimum and maximum time lags 178 11.6. A polynomial algorithm for the insertion problem with minimum time lags only 181 11.7. Conclusion 190 Chapter 12. Reactive Approaches 191 Christelle GUÉRET and Narendra JUSSIEN 12.1. Dynamic project scheduling 191 12.2. Explanations and constraint programming for solving dynamic problems 192 12.2.1. Dynamic problems and constraint programming 192 12.2.2. Explanation-based constraint programming 193 12.3. An explanation-based approach for solving dynamic project scheduling 194 12.3.1. The tree search to solve static instances 195 12.3.2. Incrementally handling unexpected events 196 12.4. Experimental results 197 12.4.1. Stability measures 197 12.4.2. Test set 197 12.4.3. Computational results 198 12.4.3.1. Analysis of the results in terms of cpu time 199 12.4.3.2. Analysis of the stability 200 12.5. Conclusion 201 Chapter 13. Proactive-reactive Project Scheduling 203 Erik DEMEULEMEESTER, Willy HERROELEN and Roel LEUS 13.1. Introduction 203 13.2. Solution robust scheduling under activity duration uncertainty 204 13.2.1. The proactive/reactive scheduling problem 204 13.2.2. Proactive scheduling 205 13.2.2.1.Robust resource allocation 205 13.2.2.2. Buffer insertion 206 13.2.3. Reactive scheduling 207 13.3. Solution robust scheduling under resource availability uncertainty 209 13.3.1. The problem 209 13.3.1.1. Proactive strategy 209 13.3.1.2. Reactive strategy 210 13.4. Conclusions and suggestions for further research 210 13.5. Acknowledgements 211 Chapter 14. RCPSP with Financial Costs 213 Laure-Emmanuelle DREZET 14.1. Problem presentation and context 213 14.2. Definitions and notations 214 14.2.1. Definitions 214 14.2.2. Notations 215 14.2.3. Classification 216 14.3. NPV maximization 217 14.3.1. Unconstrained resources: MAXNPV and PSP 217 14.3.2. Constrained resources: RCPSPDC, CCPSP and PSP 219 14.4. Resource-related costs 221 14.4.1. Resource Leveling Problem 221 14.4.2. Resource Investment Problem (RIP) and Resource Renting Problem (RRP) 223 14.5. Conclusion 225 Part 3. Industrial Applications 227 Chapter 15. Assembly Shop Scheduling 229 Michel GOURGAND, Nathalie GRANGEON and Sylvie NORRE 15.1. The assembly shop scheduling problem 229 15.1.1. Mono shop problem 230 15.1.1.1. Physical subsystem 230 15.1.1.2. Logical subsystem 230 15.1.1.3. Decisional subsystem 231 15.1.2. Multi shop problem 232 15.2. Link with the RCPSP 233 15.3. Proposition of extensions 234 15.3.1. RCPSP with variable demand profile 235 15.3.2. RCPSP with resource individualization 237 15.4. Proposition of solution methods 239 15.5. Some results 240 15.6. Conclusion 242 Chapter 16. Employee Scheduling in an IT Company 243 Laure-Emmanuelle DREZET and Jean-Charles BILLAUT 16.1. Introduction 243 16.2. Problem presentation and context 244 16.3. Real life example 247 16.4. Predictive phase 250 16.4.1. Greedy algorithms 250 16.4.2. Tabu search algorithm 251 16.5. Proactive phase 251 16.6. Reactive phase 252 16.7. Computational experiments 253 16.7.1. Predictive and proactive algorithms 253 16.7.2. Reactive algorithm 254 16.8. Conclusion 254 Chapter 17. Rolling Ingots Production Scheduling 257 Christoph SCHWINDT and Norbert TRAUTMANN 17.1. Introduction 257 17.2. Project scheduling model 259 17.2.1. Activities and temporal constraints 259 17.2.2. Resource constraints 261 17.2.3. Production scheduling problem 264 17.3. Solution method 264 17.4. Conclusions 266 Chapter 18. Resource-Constrained Modulo Scheduling 267 Benoît DUPONT DE DINECHIN, Christian ARTIGUES and Sadia AZEM 18.1. Introduction 267 18.2. The resource-constrained modulo scheduling problem 268 18.2.1. The resource-constrained cyclic scheduling problem 268 18.2.2. The resource-constrained modulo scheduling problem 269 18.2.3. From modulo scheduling to software pipelining 270 18.3. Integer linear programming formulations 273 18.3.1. The RCMSP formulations by Eichenberger et al 273 18.3.2. A new time-indexed RCMSP formulation 274 18.4. Solving the RCMSP formulations 275 18.4.1. Reducing the size of the RCMSP formulations 275 18.4.2. A large neighborhood search for the RCMSP 275 18.4.3. Implementation and experiments 276 18.5. Summary and conclusions 277 Bibliography 279 List of Authors 303 Index 307

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Book SynopsisThe increased complexity of embedded systems coupled with quick design cycles to accommodate faster time-to-market requires increased system design productivity that involves both model-based design and tool-supported methodologies. Formal methods are mathematically-based techniques and provide a clean framework in which to express requirements and models of the systems, taking into account discrete, stochastic and continuous (timed or hybrid) parameters with increasingly efficient tools. This book deals with these formal methods applied to communicating embedded systems by presenting the related industrial challenges and the issues of modeling, model-checking, diagnosis and control synthesis, and by describing the main associated automated tools.Table of ContentsPreface xi Claude JARD and Olivier H. ROUX Chapter 1. Models for Real-Time Embedded Systems 1 Didier LIME, Olivier H. ROUX and Ji¡ri SRBA 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Notations, languages and timed transition systems 5 1.3. Timed models 8 1.4. Models with stopwatches 23 1.5. Conclusion 31 1.6. Bibliography 31 Chapter 2. Timed Model-Checking 39 Beatrice BERARD 2.1. Introduction 39 2.2. Timed models 40 2.3. Timed logics 46 2.4. Timed model-checking 51 2.5. Conclusion 61 2.6. Bibliography 61 Chapter 3. Control of Timed Systems 67 Franck CASSEZ and Nicolas MARKEY 3.1. Introduction 67 3.2. Timed games 72 3.3. Computation of winning states and strategies 76 3.4. Zeno strategies 82 3.5. Implementability 82 3.6. Specification of control objectives 85 3.7. Optimal control 87 3.8. Efficient algorithms for controller synthesis 92 3.9. Partial observation 96 3.10. Changing game rules 97 3.11. Bibliography 98 Chapter 4. Fault Diagnosis of Timed Systems 107 Franck CASSEZ and Stavros TRIPAKIS 4.1. Introduction 107 4.2. Notations 109 4.3. Fault diagnosis problems 113 4.4. Fault diagnosis for discrete event systems 115 4.5. Fault diagnosis for timed systems 122 4.6. Other results and open problems 136 4.7. Bibliography 136 Chapter 5. Quantitative Verification of Markov Chains 139 Susanna DONATELLI and Serge HADDAD 5.1. Introduction 139 5.2. Performance evaluation of Markov models 140 5.3. Verification of discrete time Markov chain 148 5.4. Verification of continuous time Markov chain 157 5.5. State of the art in the quantitative evaluation of Markov chains 160 5.6. Bibliography 162 Chapter 6. Tools for Model-Checking Timed Systems 165 Alexandre DAVID, Gerd BEHRMANN, Peter BULYCHEV, Joakim BYG, Thomas CHATAIN, Kim G. LARSEN, Paul PETTERSSON, Jacob Illum RASMUSSEN, Ji¡ri SRBA,Wang YI, Kenneth Y. JOERGENSEN, Didier LIME,MorganMAGNIN, Olivier H. ROUX and Louis-Marie TRAONOUEZ 6.1. Introduction 165 6.2. UPPAAL 166 6.3. UPPAAL-CORA 182 6.4. UPPAAL-TIGA 185 6.5. TAPAAL 199 6.6. ROMEO: a tool for the analysis of timed extensions of Petri nets 205 6.7. Bibliography 217 Chapter 7. Tools for the Analysis of Hybrid Models 227 Thao DANG, Goran FREHSE, Antoine GIRARD and Colas LE GUERNIC 7.1. Introduction 227 7.2. Hybrid automata and reachability 228 7.3. Linear hybrid automata 232 7.4. Piecewise affine hybrid systems 234 7.5. Hybridization techniques for reachability computations 241 7.6. Bibliography 249 List of Authors 253 Index 259

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Book SynopsisCreate interactive and data-driven dashboards using Python. This hands-on guide is a practical resource for those (with modest programming skills) in scientific and engineering fields looking to leverage Python's power for data visualization and analysis in a user-friendly dashboard format. You'll begin by gaining a fundamental understanding of Python programming, including data types, lists, dictionaries, and data structures. The book then delves into the world of reactive programming with Plotly and Dash, offering a hands-on approach to building interactive web-based dashboards. Next, you'll see how to work with online data, how to scrape and clean datasets, and keep files up-to-date. The book also guides you through planning a dashboard prototype, outlining project tasks, trends, forecasts, spectra, and other design considerations. It concludes with a discussion of how the dashboard can be used for data visualization of real data, explaining the usefulness of tools such as spectra. By providing detailed examples for download and customization, Prototyping Python Dashboards for Scientists and Engineers will equip you with the skills needed to jumpstart your own development efforts. What You'll LearnDesign a dashboard with PythonConvert and filter Excel formatted files to produce CSV filesCreate browser-served graphics with PLOTLYGenerate polynomial trend lines for forecastingBuild a Unix service to share your dashboardWho This Book Is ForScientists, engineers, students, programmers, and data enthusiasts who aspire to harness Python's potential for data visualization and analysis through the creation of interactive dashboards. Many will be pragmatic programmers with modest skills and limited resources who mainly want to see a working solution they could emulate.

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Book SynopsisIn Steiner-Waldorf schools around the world, painting is an essential part of the curriculum from the kindergarten through to Class 12 (3-18 years). Digesting history, geography, maths and the sciences through artistic work helps children to deepen comprehension and make the key aspects of everything learned more memorable.Van James has captured in this book his years of Waldorf teaching experience to help students to build artistic skills. Engagement with colour, as well as the opportunity for self-expression, enhance a student's self-confidence and capacities for self-expression. This valuable resource offers teachers step-by-step approaches to help build their students' artistic confidence. This inspiring resource will be a valuable addition to Steiner-Waldorf teachers' shelves.

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Book SynopsisBuild enhanced visual experiences and design and deploy modern, easy-to-maintain, client applications across a variety of platforms. This book will show you how these applications can take advantage of JavaFX's latest user interface components, 3D technology, and cloud services to create immersive visualizations and allow high-value data manipulation.This book is a professional reference for building Java applications for desktop, mobile, and embedded in the Cloud age. It offers end-to-end coverage of the latest features in JavaFX 21 and 23.This third edition has been updated to include new features introduced in JavaFX 21 and 23, including NEW APIs: Map, FlatMap, and OrElse fluent bindings for ObservableValue, along with the new Subscription API. Additionally, it's updated to account for new bug fixes and overall improvements to existing functionality in Java.After reading this book, you will be equipped to upgrade legacy client applications, develop cross-platform applications in Java, and build enhanced desktop and mobile native clients. What You Will LearnCreate modern client applications in Java using the latest JavaFX 21 and 23Build enterprise clients that will enable integration with existing cloud servicesUse advanced visualization and 3D featuresDeploy on desktop, mobile, and embedded devicesWho This Book Is ForProfessional Java developers who are interested in learning the latest client Java development techniques to fill out their skills set

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Book SynopsisThis work is a comprehensive study of the field. It provides an entry point to the novice willing to move in the research field reconfigurable computing, FPGA and system on programmable chip design. The book can also be used as teaching reference for a graduate course in computer engineering, or as reference to advance electrical and computer engineers. It provides a very strong theoretical and practical background to the field, from the early Estrin’s machine to the very modern architecture such as embedded logic devices.Trade ReviewThe book by Christophe Bobda, however, has also been written for people with a software background, substantially reducing the educational leap by bridging the gap. His book has the potential to become a best-seller and to stimulate the urgently needed transformation of the software developer population’s mind set, by playing a similar role as known from the famous historic Mead-&-Conway textbook for the VLSI design revolution. Reiner Hartenstein, IEEE fellow, Professor, TU Kaiserslautern "Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. List of Figures. List of Tables. 1. INTRODUCTION. 1 General Purpose Computing. 2 Domain Specific Processors. 3 Application Specific Processors. 4 Reconfigurable Computing. 5 Fields of Application. 6 Organization of the book. 2. RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURES. 1 Early Work. 2 Simple Programmable Logic Devices. 3 Complex Programmable Logic Device. 4 Field Programmable Gate Arrays. 5 Coarse-grained reconfigurable devices. 6 Conclusion. 3. IMPLEMENTATION. 1 Integration. 2 FPGA Design Flow. 3 Logic Synthesis. 4 Conclusion. 4. HIGH-LEVEL SYNTHESIS FOR RECONFIGURABLE DEVICES. 1 Modelling. 2 Temporal partitioning algorithms. 3 Conclusion. 5. TEMPORAL PLACEMENT. 1 Off-Line Temporal Placement. 2 On-Line Temporal Placement. 3 Managing the Device’s Free Space with Empty Rectangles. 4 Managing the Device’s Occupied Space. 5 Conclusion. 6. ON-LINE COMMUNICATION. 1 Direct Communication. 2 Communication Over Third Party. 3 Bus-based Communication. 4 Circuit Switching. 5 Network on Chip. 6 The Dynamic Network on Chip (DyNoC). 7 Routing Packets. 8 Analysis of efficiency. 9 DyNoC Implementation on FPGAs. 10 Conclusion. 7. PARTIAL RECONFIGURATION DESIGN. 1 Partial Reconfiguration on Virtex Devices. 2 Bitstream Manipulation with JBits. 3 The Modular Design Flow. 4 The Early Access Design Flow. 5 Creating partially reconfigurable designs. 6 Partial Reconfiguration using Handel-C Designs. 7 Platform design. 8 Enhancement in the Platform Design. 9 Conclusion. 8. SYSTEM ONA PROGRAMMABLE CHIP. 1 Introduction to SoPC. 2 Adaptive Multiprocessing on Chip. 3 Conclusion. 9. APPLICATIONS. 1 Pattern Matching. 2 Video Streaming. 3 Distributed Arithmetic. 4 Adaptive controller. 5 Adaptive Cryptographic Systems. 6 Software Defined Radio. 7 High Performance Computing. 8 Conclusion References. Appendices. A Hints to Labs. 1 Prerequisites. 2 Reorganization of the project Video8nonpr. B Party. C QuickPart-YTutorial.

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Book SynopsisVirtual and Augmented Reality have existed for a long time but were stuck to the research world or to some large manufacturing companies. With the appearance of low-cost devices, it is expected a number of new applications, including for the general audience. This book aims at making a statement about those novelties as well as distinguishing them from the complexes challenges they raise by proposing real use cases, replacing those recent evolutions through the VR/AR dynamic and by providing some perspective for the years to come.Table of ContentsPreface xi Introduction xvBruno ARNALDI, Pascal GUITTON and Guillaume MOREAU Chapter 1. New Applications 1Bruno ARNALDI, Stéphane COTIN, Nadine COUTURE, Jean-Louis DAUTIN, Valérie GOURANTON, François GRUSON and Domitile LOURDEAUX 1.1. New industrial applications 1 1.1.1. Virtual reality in industry 1 1.1.2. Augmented reality and industrial applications 3 1.1.3. VR-AR for industrial renewal 4 1.1.4. And what about augmented reality? 12 1.2. Computer-assisted surgery 14 1.2.1. Introduction 14 1.2.2. Virtual reality and simulation for learning 16 1.2.3. Augmented reality and intervention planning 21 1.2.4. Augmented reality in surgery 26 1.2.5. Current conditions and future prospects 31 1.3. Sustainable cities 32 1.3.1. Mobility aids in an urban environment 33 1.3.2. Building and architecture 37 1.3.3. Cities and urbanism 41 1.3.4. Towards sustainable urban systems 46 1.4. Innovative, integrative and adaptive societies 48 1.4.1. Education 48 1.4.2. Arts and cultural heritage 54 1.4.3. Conclusion 60 1.5. Bibliography 61 Chapter 2. The Democratization of VR-AR 73Sébastien KUNTZ, Richard KULPA and Jérôme ROYAN 2.1. New equipment 73 2.1.1. Introduction 73 2.1.2. Positioning and orientation devices 74 2.1.3. Restitution devices 82 2.1.4. Technological challenges and perspectives 100 2.1.5. Conclusions on new equipment 109 2.2. New software 111 2.2.1. Introduction 111 2.2.2. Developing 3D applications 113 2.2.3. Managing peripheral devices 116 2.2.4. Dedicated VR-AR software solutions 119 2.2.5. Conclusion 120 2.3. Bibliography 121 Chapter 3. Complexity and Scientific Challenges 123Ferran ARGELAGUET SANZ, Bruno ARNALDI, Jean-Marie BURKHARDT, Géry CASIEZ, Stéphane DONIKIAN, Florian GOSSELIN, Xavier GRANIER, Patrick LE CALLET, Vincent LEPETIT, Maud MARCHAL, Guillaume MOREAU, Jérôme PERRET and Toinon VIGIER 3.1. Introduction: complexity 123 3.1.1. Physical model and detecting collisions 124 3.1.2. Populating 3D environments: single virtual human to a surging crowd 130 3.1.3. The difficulty of making 3D interaction natural 137 3.1.4. The difficulty of synthesizing haptic feedback 141 3.2. The real–virtual relationship in augmented reality 150 3.2.1. Acquisition and restitution equipment 151 3.2.2. Pose computation 152 3.2.3. Realistic rendering 156 3.3. Complexity and scientific challenges of 3D interaction 158 3.3.1. Introduction 158 3.3.2. Complexity and challenges surrounding the 3D interaction loop 158 3.3.3. Challenge 1: sensory-motor actions for interaction 159 3.3.4. Challenge 2: multisensory feedback 163 3.3.5. Challenge 3: users and perception 166 3.3.6. Conclusion 167 3.4. Visual perception 168 3.4.1. A glossary of terms related to unease, fatigue and physical discomfort 168 3.4.2. Display factors 173 3.4.3. Conclusion 179 3.5. Evaluation 179 3.5.1. Objectives and scope of this section 179 3.5.2. Evaluation: a complex problem 180 3.5.3. Evaluation using studies with human subjects 184 3.5.4. Drawbacks to overcome 193 3.5.5. Evolutions in measuring performance and behavior, characterizing participants 195 3.5.6. Conclusion and perspectives 200 3.6. Bibliography 201 Chapter 4. Towards VE that are More Closely Related to the Real World 217Géry CASIEZ, Xavier GRANIER, Martin HACHET, Vincent LEPETIT, Guillaume MOREAU and Olivier NANNIPIERI 4.1. “Tough” scientific challenges for AR 218 4.1.1. Choosing a display device . 218 4.1.2. Spatial localization 221 4.2. Topics in AR that are rarely or never approached 223 4.2.1. Introduction 223 4.2.2. Hybridization through a screen or HMD 224 4.3. Spatial augmented reality 227 4.3.1. Hybridization of the real world and the virtual world 227 4.3.2. Current evolutions 228 4.4. Presence in augmented reality . 229 4.4.1. Is presence in reality the model for presence in virtual environments? 229 4.4.2. Mixed reality: an end to the real versus virtual binary? 231 4.4.3. From mixed reality to mixed presence 231 4.4.4. Augmented reality: a total environment 232 4.5. 3D interaction on tactile surfaces 233 4.5.1. 3D interaction 234 4.5.2. 3D interaction on tactile surfaces 236 4.6. Bibliography 240 Chapter 5. Scientific and Technical Prospects 247Caroline BAILLARD, Philippe GUILLOTEL, Anatole LÉCUYER, Fabien LOTTE, Nicolas MOLLET, Jean-Marie NORMAND and Gaël SEYDOUX 5.1. The promised revolution in the field of entertainment 247 5.1.1. Introduction 247 5.1.2. Defining a new, polymorphic immersive medium 248 5.1.3. Promised experiences 251 5.1.4. Prospects 255 5.2. Brain-computer interfaces 258 5.2.1. Brain-computer interfaces: introduction and definitions 258 5.2.2. What BCIs cannot do 260 5.2.3. Working principle of BCIs . 261 5.2.4. Current applications of BCIs 263 5.2.5. The future of BCIs 268 5.3. Alternative perceptions in virtual reality 269 5.3.1. Introduction 269 5.3.2. Pseudo-sensory feedback 271 5.3.3. Alternative perception of movement 275 5.3.4. Altered perception of one’s body 278 5.3.5. Conclusion 283 5.4. Bibliography 284 Chapter 6. The Challenges and Risks of Democratization of VR-AR 289Philippe FUCHS 6.1. Introduction 289 6.2. Health and comfort problems 292 6.2.1. The different problems 292 6.2.2. Sensorimotor incoherences . 293 6.3. Solutions to avoid discomfort and unease 297 6.3.1. Presentation of the process . 297 6.3.2. Mitigation of the impact on visuo-vestibular incoherence 297 6.3.3. Removing visuo-vestibular incoherence by modifying the functioning of the interaction paradigm 298 6.3.4. Removing visuo-vestibular incoherence by modifying interfaces 299 6.3.5. Levels of difficulty in adapting 299 6.4. Conclusion 300 6.5. Bibliography 301 Conclusion 303Bruno ARNALDI, Pascal GUITTON and Guillaume MOREAU Postface 309Bruno ARNALDI, Pascal GUITTON and Guillaume MOREAU Glossary 315 List of Authors 317 Index 321

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book to discern the contribution of Du Bois' work to criminology and criminal justice through a comprehensive review of his papers, articles and books. Beginning with reflections from his childhood, the author traces Du Bois' ideas on crime and justice throughout his life. This includes a unique analysis of Du Bois' experience as an object of the criminal justice system, a review of his FBI file, his 1951 trial and his pioneering social scientific research program at Atlanta University. The book illustrates the depth of Du Bois' interest in the field and reveals how he was a pioneer in key areas of criminology and criminal justice. The book contains five appendices which include four original papers written by Du Bois as well as maps from The Philadelphia Negro.Trade Review’This book provides an intelligent, engaging and unique evaluation of a pioneering scholar. By emphasising the significance of Du Bois’ work to contemporary criminology, Dr Gabbidon has ensured that his text is of considerable value to scholars not only in the USA but on a global level.’ Muzammil Quraishi, University of Salford, UK 'Part of Ashgate’s Interdisciplinary Research Series in Ethnic, Gender, and Class Relations, Shaun Gabbidon’s book on W. E. B. Du Bois and crime provides an original and innovative window into this little known area of Du Bois’s research and thought. Though a few other social scientists have briefly explored Du Bois’s criminological work, this is the first major overview book...Gabbidon provides much evidence, drawing on original sources, to back up his contention that Du Bois did important research on and theorizing about U.S. crime, especially as it affected Black Americans. He shows how in many ways Du Bois anticipated later theories of crime in Western criminology.' Criminal Law & Social ChangeTable of ContentsContents: Foreword; Series Editor's preface; Preface; Biographical sketch of W.E.B. Du Bois; Early statements on crime and justice; The Atlanta school of social scientific research; Later statements on crime and justice; W.E.B. Du Bois and the criminal justice system; Du Bois's place in American criminology; W.E.B. Du Bois on crime and justice: a modern-day application; Conclusion; Bibliography; Appendices; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe rise of digital media has been widely regarded as transforming the nature of our social experience in the twenty-first century. The speed with which new forms of connectivity and communication are being incorporated into our everyday lives often gives us little time to stop and consider the social implications of those practices. Nonetheless, it is critically important that we do so, and this sociological introduction to the field of digital technologies is intended to enable a deeper understanding of their prominent role in everyday life. The fundamental theoretical and ethical debates on the sociology of the digital media are presented in accessible summaries, ranging from economy and technology to criminology and sexuality. Key theoretical paradigms are explored through a broad range of contemporary social phenomena from social networking and virtual lives to the rise of cybercrime and identity theft, from the utopian ideals of virtual democracy to the Orwellian nightTrade Review"A concise and eclectic yet satisfactorily rich and well contextualized account of digital life." Canadian Journal of Sociology ‘Adrian Athique’s introduction brings digital media, and its culture, politics and economics, into sharp focus. This book provides an essential outline of the digital world; it is accessible to all while remaining complex enough to be accurate.’ Tim Jordan, King’s College London ‘Digital Media and Society is a comprehensive, compelling and critical examination of the social and cultural consequences of digital media and communication technologies. The book provides a cohesive and coherent look at the present digital state of society, and it explains how the digital present came to be and what its consequences are. It is written in a clear, jargon-free manner and filled with information and questions that make it a remarkably useful teaching text.’ Steve Jones, University of Illinois at ChicagoTable of ContentsDetailed table of contents List of Figures Acknowledgements Introduction Part I: Digital Histories Chapter 1: Building a Digital Society Chapter 2: The Socio-Technical Interface Chapter 3: Typing the User Chapter 4: Audience As Community Part II: Digital Individuals Chapter 5: Pleasing Bodies Chapter 6: Reality Checks Chapter 7: My Personal Public Chapter 8: Going Mobile Part III: Digital Economies Chapter 9: The Road To Serverdom Chapter 10: Digital Property Chapter 11: Consuming Power Chapter 12: Information At Work Part IV: Digital Authorities Chapter 13: Virtual Democracy Chapter 14: Under Scrutiny Chapter 15: Managing Risk Chapter 16: Living in a Cloud Postscript Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis is a book which provides post-graduate students, researchers, materials developers and teachers with everything they need to know about materials development for language learning, both for the development of paper and of digital materials.Trade Review"This thought-provoking and resourceful book will be of great help for teachers, publishers, and researchers interested in materials development. In addition to informing the reader about historical tradition, providing the results of the latest empirical findings, and summarizing the existing trends in materials development, the authors voice their own beliefs coming from their many years of personal and professional experience." - LINGUIST LIST, June 2019"Everyone in this profession needs a copy of this book at hand to consult in their everyday working lives, be they teachers, teacher trainers, directors of study or publishers. The language in the book is accessible and the book will prove useful for those new to materials development as well as those who have been developing and adapting materials for years but who perhaps have not thought about it concisely as a distinct activity." - Naeema B. Han, Leeds Beckett University, UK, Folio 18/2 September 2018Table of ContentsPreface vii Materials Development So Far 1 Issues in Materials Development 25 Materials Evaluation 52 Materials Adaptation 82 The Development of Materials 117 The Process of Publishing Coursebooks 145 Developing Digital Materials 171 Developing Materials for the Acquisition of Language 189 Developing Materials for the Development of Skills 220 Developing Materials for Young Learners 246 Developing Materials for Teenagers and Adults 270 Developing Materials for Different Levels, Users, and Purposes 291 Visuals, Layout, and Design 325 Writing Instructions for Language-Learning Activities 342 Materials Development Research 355 Conclusion 389 Resources Useful for Materials Developers 391 Index 399

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Book SynopsisThe rushed development of information and communication technologies and their impact on the world of learning in the last decade have profoundly changed the paradigms, scenarios and values at all levels of education. The professionalization of tools and practices, in addition to the consolidation of academic and practical knowledge, has been a major continuing issue throughout these years. The annual conferences of the largest European professional community in distance and e-learning have been setting the landmarks in this process. The selection from this unique knowledge pool demonstrates the deepening and consolidation of knowledge and experience. This book presents the developments in the field of open, distance and e-learning, through new technologies, methodologies and tools, which have profoundly changed the paradigms, scenarios and values at all levels of education over the last decade.Table of ContentsForeword xxvii Alan Tait Introduction xxix Ulrich Bernath, András Szücs, Alan Tait and Martine Vidal PART 1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION AND E-LEARNING 1 PART 1.1. SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 3 Chapter 1. Challenges Facing Distance Education in the 21st Century: Policy and Research Implications 5 Sarah Guri-Rosenblit Chapter 2. The Evolving Role of Universities: Increasing Openness and Relevance 23 Anne Gaskell and Roger Mills Chapter 3. The Internet and the Education System: An Optimization Policy 35 Roni Aviram Chapter 4. “E-Learning” Meets “Digital Media”: New Strategic Questions for Higher Education 45 Jim Devine Chapter 5. Preparing Educational Institutions for Online ODL. How Theory May Support Change Strategies in Traditional Universities 57 Annette Lorentsen Chapter 6. Higher Education Quality as an Organizational Culture 69 Ulf-Daniel Ehlers Chapter 7. E-learning and the Quality of Knowledge in a Globalized World 85 Sylvia van de Bunt-Kokhuis PART 1.2. EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION AND E-LEARNING 107 Chapter 8. E-Learning and the Future of Distance Education 109 Ormond Simpson Chapter 9. Access and Efficiency in the Development of Distance Education and E-Learning 119 Thomas Hülsmann Chapter 10. Examining the Effectiveness of Distance Education: Results from Multilevel Modeling 141 Tim Seifert, Bruce Sheppard and Ann Marie Vaughan Chapter 11. Quantitative Cost-Effectiveness Model for Web-supported Academic Instruction 151 Anat Cohen and Rafi Nachmias Chapter 12. A Particular Aspect of Cost Analysis in Distance Education: Time 161 Massimo Loi and Bruno Ronsivalle PART 1.3. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT 169 Chapter 13. Moving eCompetence Ahead – From Conceptual Foundations to Strategic Practice 171 Dirk Schneckenberg Chapter 14. Designing Collaborative Learning for Competence Development 195 Ulf-Daniel Ehlers Chapter 15. Academic Staff in Traditional Universities: Motivators and Demotivators in the Adoption of E-learning 217 Kay MacKeogh and Seamus Fox Chapter 16. The Role of Tutors as a Fundamental Component of Online Learning Support 235 Maggie McPherson and Miguel Baptista Nunes Chapter 17. Teachers’ Professional Development for the Technology Enhanced Classroom in the School of Tomorrow 247 Henrik Hansson Chapter 18. Eleven Competences for the Teacher Using ICTs: a Quali-quantitative Research Pattern 261 Alberto Cattaneo and Elena Boldrini Chapter 19. Educating Tutors – and Ourselves. A Report from a Collective Effort 291 Ivar Børsheim, Atle Schaathun, Hans Øistein Skauerud, Unn Spjelkavik and Ilmi Willbergh PART 1.4. SOCIO-CULTURAL ISSUES OF DISTANCE AND E-LEARNING 301 Chapter 20. Globalization – an Opportunity for the “Uneducated” to Become “Learned” or Further “Excluded”? 303 Mary Bolger Chapter 21. Beyond Barriers: Intercultural Learning and Inclusion in Globalized Paradigms 311 Alan Bruce Chapter 22. Women in Distance Learning: Second Chance or Third Shift? 325 Athanassia Aggeli and Paraskevi Vassala Chapter 23. E-learning for Senior Citizens 335 Sonia Hetzner and Paul Held Chapter 24. Distance Education in Prisons: an Educational Right or a Privilege? The Case of “Student Inmates” 349 Fanny Salane PART 2. TEACHING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS IN THE MAKING 369 PART 2.1. PEDAGOGICAL CONCEPTS 371 Chapter 25. Role of Technology in Enhancing Learning 373 Alan Brown Chapter 26. Learning Face-to-Face, In-action and On-line: Integrated Model of Lifelong Learning 385 Luciano Galliani and Paula de Waal Chapter 27. The Bottles are New but What of the Wine? Managing Learning and Teaching in Web 2.0 395 Michael G. Moore Chapter 28. Student Perceptions of Immediacy and Social Presence in Distance Education 411 Steve Wheeler and Fraser Reid PART 2.2. LEARNER NEEDS, STYLES AND IDENTITIES, PERCEPTIONS, READINESS 427 Chapter 29. The Natives are Restless. Higher Education and the Culture of the Digital Natives 429 Susanne Kjekshus Koch, Inger Carin Grøndal and Gunnar-Johan Schei Chapter 30. Preparing Students for Learning in an Online World: an Evaluation of the Student Passport to eLearning (SPeL) Model 439 Francesca Lorenzi, Kay MacKeogh and Seamus Fox Chapter 31. Perceptions about Time and Learning: Researching the Student Experience 457 Mary Thorpe Chapter 32. Retention and Course Choice in Distance Learning 473 Ormond Simpson Chapter 33. Online Students’ Needs for and Satisfaction with Support Services 485 Torstein Rekkedal Chapter 34. Motivational Characteristics of E-Students 499 Karmela Aleksic-Maslac, Djuro Njavro, Katarina Karalic Chapter 35. Individual Differences in Attitudes Towards and Choices of Learning/Teaching Technology 511 Ruth Beyth-Marom and Kelly Sorozon-Saporta Chapter 36. Online Learners’ Frustration. Implications for Lifelong Learning 519 Federico Borges Sáiz Chapter 37. Reflections on Seeking the “Invisible” Online Learner (and Instructor) 529 Michael F. Beaudoin Chapter 38. Reports of the “Death of Geography” Have Been Greatly Exaggerated: Why UK Distance Learning Students Prefer Face-to-Face Tuition 543 Troy Cooper Chapter 39. E-Mentoring to Help Mature Students’ Transition to University 553 Palitha Edirisingha, Mike Hill, Celayne Heaton-Shrestha PART 2.3. COURSE DEVELOPMENT AND INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN 567 Chapter 40. Flexibility Beyond Time and Place: Stretching and Opening the Course 569 Wim de Boer and Betty Collis Chapter 41. Capturing Practice and Scaffolding Learning Design 579 Gráinne Conole Chapter 42. Technologies in Use: How Context and Design Drive their Effects 595 Mary Thorpe, Steve Godwin and Rebecca Fergusson Chapter 43. Involvement, Institutional Roles and Design Models in E-Learning 607 Luca Botturi Chapter 44. Diversity of Strategies to Promote Effective B-Learning: a Case Study in Higher Education 627 Lúcia Pombo, Maria Joao Loureiro, Ana Balula and António Moreira Chapter 45. Assessment of E-Learning Material with the INTERFACE System 645 Károly Hercegfi and Orchidea Edith Kiss Chapter 46. Who Should “Customize” the Knowledge Content: Publishing Scholars or Online Mediators? 659 Christian Bois PART 2.4. COLLABORATIVE LEARNING AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 675 Chapter 47. ”More is Different” – How E-Learning within Online Learning Communities Can Make the Difference 677 Virginie Aimard Chapter 48. SocialLearn – Widening Participation and Sustainability of Higher Education 691 Anthony Walton, Martin Weller and Gráinne Conole Chapter 49. Collaborative Learning Using Social Tools for Enquiry, Reflection and Sharing 701 Non Scantlebury Chapter 50. Modeling Interactions in Learning Settings and their Impact on the Learning Process 711 George Neofotistos, Nikitas Kastis, Eleftheria Tsourlidaki and Nikos Voulgarakis Chapter 51. Tools and Instruments Supporting Cooperative Freedom in Virtual Learning Environments 721 Morten Flate Paulsen Chapter 52. Models of Activity, Collaboration and Assessment in Wikis in Academic Courses 745 Edna Tal-Elhasid and Hagit Meishar-Tal PART 2.5. THE WORLD OF WORK – E-SKILLS AND EMPLOYABILITY 759 Chapter 53. E-learning and Earning: The impact of Lifelong E-learning on Organizational Development in an Adverse Economy 761 Jane Simmons Chapter 54. E-learning and E-business: The Need for SMEs to Work Smarter in the New Europe 773 Josephine Browne and Georgina Sweetnam Chapter 55. Putting the Pieces Together: Conceptual Frameworks for Building PLEs with Web 2.0 Tools 783 Ricardo Torres Kompen, Palitha Edirisingha and Richard Mobbs Chapter 56. Personal Learning Environments and Institutional Control 809 Niall Sclater List of Authors 821 Institution Index 833 Name Index 837 Index 853

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Book SynopsisHave you ever considered how mobile media change what we see, hear and pay attention to, or how they alter our movement through the city? Over the last decade, mobile media and communication technologies have become deeply integral to our perception and bodily experience of the world. In Bodies and Mobile Media, Ingrid Richardson and Rowan Wilken explore mobile media as a lens through which to understand how embodiment both shapes, and is shaped by, media experience. It offers a unique approach by focusing on specific sensory affordances and body parts – including the eyes, ears, face, hands and feet – to consider the uneven ratios of sensory perception at work in our engagement with mobile devices. Each chapter provides rich and accessible narratives of mobile media practices interwoven with current scholarship in media studies and phenomenology, with a concluding chapter that reflects on mobile media use as a synesthetic experience. By interpreting theoretical insights about the relationship between the body and technology, the book serves as an important work of knowledge translation. This work is crucial, the authors argue, if we are to critically understand how our perception and experience of the world are mediated by technology. This book will be of interest to students and scholars in media, communication and cultural studies.Trade Review“This fantastic book provides a wealth of knowledge about the body’s intersection with technology, bringing together works of scholarship that have not been in conversation up until now.”Jason Farman, University of Maryland“A fascinating and thoughtful explication of the relationship between our bodily senses and mobile media, offering a unique perspective on the corporeal experience of modern technology.”Lee Humphreys, Cornell University“At the centre of Richardson and Wilken's research is the question of how smartphones and other digital mobile devices impact people as a whole. The book, written by two media and communication researchers, reveals how technology changes and challenges the lives of millions of people.”Magazin für ComputertechnikTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Face2. Eyes3. Ears4. Hands5. FeetConclusionReferencesIndex

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Book Synopsis.- 1 The Transport Issue of Inventorying Shelters for Civilians.- 2 Comparison of the Results of Different Studies of the Use of Means of Transport in Travel, on the Example of Krakow.- 3 Enhanced BL-Based Positioning System in Road Tunnels to Increase Rescue Intervention Efficiency.- 4 Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Modern Techniques to Study the Influence of Health on Travel Mode Choice to Work Using 2022 NHTS, etc.

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Book SynopsisMultimodal transport network customers need to be directed during their travels. A travel support tool can be offered by a Multimodal Information System (MIS), which allows them to input their needs and provides them with the appropriate responses to improve their travel conditions. The goal of this book is to design and develop methodologies in order to realize a MIS tool which can ensure permanent multimodal information availability before and during travel, considering passengers’ mobility. The authors propose methods and tools that help transport network customers to formulate their requests when they connect to their favorite information systems through PC, laptop, cell phone, Portable Digital Assistant (PDA), etc. The MIS must automatically identify the websites concerning the customer’s services. These sites can, in fact, represent transport services, cultural services, tourist services, etc. The system should then be able to collect the necessary travel information from these sites in order to construct and propose the most convenient information according to the user’s requests. Contents 1. Agent-oriented Road Traffic Simulation, René Mandiau, Sylvain Piechowiak, Arnaud Doniec and Stéphane Espié. 2. An Agent-based Information System for Searching and Creating Mobility-aiding Services, Slim Hammadi and Hayfa Zgaya. 3. Inter-vehicle Services and Communication, Sylvain Lecomte, Thierry Delot and Mikael Desertot. 4. Modeling and Control of Traffic Flow, Daniel Jolly, Boumediene Kamel and Amar Benasser. 5. Criteria and Methods for Interactive System Evaluation: Application to a Regulation Post in the Transport Domain, Houcine Ezzedine, Abdelwaheb Trabelsi, Chi Dung Tran and Christophe Kolski.Table of ContentsPreface xi Slim HAMMADI and Mekki KSOURI Introduction xiii Chapter 1. Agent-oriented Road Traffic Simulation 1 René MANDIAU, Sylvain PIECHOWIAK, Arnaud DONIEC and Stéphane ESPIÉ 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. The principle of multi-agent systems 2 1.3. General remarks on traffic simulation devices 8 1.4. ArchiSim simulator 12 1.5. The issue of traffic simulation in intersections 14 1.6. Assessment of different scenarios 21 1.7. Conclusion 25 1.8. Bibliography 26 Chapter 2. An Agent-based Information System for Searching and Creating Mobility-aiding Services 31 Slim HAMMADI and Hayfa ZGAYA 2.1. Introduction 31 2.2. Formulating the problem 33 2.3. The global architecture of the system 36 2.4. Proposal of a resolution system with several interactive entities: a dynamic multi-agent system 42 2.5. The behavior of a scheduling agent 44 2.6. Managing system robustness when dealing with disruptions: advancing a negotiation process between stationary and mobile entities 59 2.7. The usefulness of a dedicated dynamic ontology 61 2.8. Simulations and results 64 2.9. Conclusion and perspectives 76 2.10. List of abbreviations 76 2.11. Bibliography 77 Chapter 3. Inter-vehicle Services and Communication 81 Sylvain LECOMTE, Thierry DELOT and Mikael DESERTOT 3.1. Introduction 81 3.2. The specificity of inter-vehicle communication 84 3.3. Inter-vehicle communication 91 3.4. Deployment and maintenance 95 3.5. What kind of future can we envisage for inter-vehicle services and communication technologies? 107 3.6. Bibliography 107 Chapter 4. Modeling and Control of Traffic Flow 111 Daniel JOLLY, Boumediene KAMEL and Amar BENASSER 4.1. General introduction 111 4.2. Microscopic models 114 4.3. Macroscopic models 118 4.4. General remarks concerning macroscopic and microscopic models 127 4.5. Hybrid models 129 4.6. Different strategies for controlling road traffic flow systems 147 4.7. Conclusion 164 4.8. Bibliography 164 Chapter 5. Criteria and Methods for Interactive System Evaluation: Application to a Regulation Post in the Transport Domain 173 Houcine EZZEDINE, Abdelwaheb TRABELSI, Chi Dung TRAN and Christophe KOLSKI 5.1. Introduction 173 5.2. Principles and criteria of evaluation 174 5.3. Methods, techniques and tools for the evaluation of interactive systems 181 5.4. Toward automated or semi-automated evaluation assistance tools 201 5.5. Proposal of a generic and configurable environment to aid in the evaluation of agent-based interactive systems: EISEval 213 5.6. Context of operation of the proposed evaluation environment 217 5.7. Conclusion 228 5.8. Bibliography 230 List of Authors 241 Index 245

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Book SynopsisFor the last 40 years, anthropotechnology has concentrated its efforts on the study and improvement of the working and living conditions of populations throughout the world. It guides the actors of the design processes by paying attention to the “human factor”: its social, cultural and environmental components. It therefore values a conception of techniques that respect people and their ways of thinking and acting in specific contexts. This book introduces the reader to design dynamics that combine often conflicting sets of competencies, but that are always anxious to respond to the contexts of the field.Table of ContentsIntroduction ixPhilippe GESLIN Chapter 1 Anthropotechnological Practice and Time Politics in the Development Industry 1Matthieu BOLAY 1.1 Conducting research about water allocation when there is no water 2 1.2 Time, power and cotemporalities 6 1.2.1 Ethnographic temporality 9 1.2.2 Bureaucratic temporality 13 1.3 Anthropotechnological temporalities: the Tanzanian case 14 1.3.1 The oMoMi project 15 1.3.2 Project genesis: when does a project begin? 16 1.3.3 Supported iterations 18 1.3.4 Productive cotemporality: simultaneity, crowdsourcing and FabLab fabrication 20 1.4 Conclusion: designing technologies based on user temporality 23 1.5 Bibliography 25 Chapter 2 The Appropriation of Knowledge: An Anthropology of Transmission in the Context of Professional Training 27Hervé MUNZ 2.1 The anthropotechnological approach to appropriation as a critique of the notion of transmission 28 2.2 Learning an industry 30 2.2.1 The “mechanical sense” as a way of knowing 31 2.2.2 Skilled vision or sight training 33 2.3 Transmission methods for the “mechanical sense” 36 2.3.1 Professional training beyond binary oppositions 36 2.3.2 The pedagogy of concealment 39 2.3.3 Objects as transfer vectors of the profession 41 2.4 A theory of transmission as appropriation and transformation 44 2.5 Bibliography 46 Chapter 3 At the Heart of the Sensibility: The “Profane” Gold of Madre de Dios 49Carole BAUDIN 3.1 Prologue 49 3.2 Context: the challenge of a perceived nature 51 3.3 The scene: a humid and slippery topography 53 3.4 Gold mining: a skillful practice between nature and culture 56 3.5 Body techniques: embodied tempo 60 3.6 Body to body with the elements 64 3.7 Gold and mercury: sensual alchemy 66 3.8 The mythic body of miners 69 3.9 Sensitive memory: transmission of a “slippery” skill 70 3.10 Collective memory: the development of a social body 71 3.11 Local memory of development 73 3.12 Discussion: an intervention based on profane knowledge 75 3.13 Conclusion: contribution to anthropotechnology 79 3.14 Bibliography 82 Chapter 4 The Fall Between the Objectification of Engineers and the Subjectification of Elderly People: The Challenges of Mediation 85Laura BERTINI 4.1 Introduction 85 4.2 New technologies for older generations 87 4.3 The cultural dimension of gerontechnologies 90 4.4 Defining and understanding the fall in the home 94 4.5 Common frames of reference 101 4.6 Anthropotechnology, process of legitimization and transfer of ethnographic knowledge 103 4.7 Conclusion 107 4.8 Bibliography 108 Chapter 5 In Step with Prosthetic Limbs! A Study of Scaling Up from Local Innovations 111Chloé LECOMTE 5.1 A multisite study in northern and southern Vietnam 113 5.2 The conventional route: standard and existing prostheses 114 5.3 Forms of appropriation and illustrative stories 116 5.4 Taking the next step: an analysis of scale-up factors 119 5.4.1 Partnerships and history: anchoring in the local network to better scale-up 119 5.4.2 Local adaptation of techniques and objects, proof of appropriation 121 5.4.3 Adaptability of technologies in an autopoietic system 122 5.5 Discussions and a review of the anthropotechnological approach 123 5.6 Acknowledgements 126 5.7 Bibliography 126 Chapter 6 FabLabs: Product Design and Anthropotechnology 129Gaëtan BUSSY 6.1 FabLabs 131 6.1.1 History 131 6.1.2 Philosophy 132 6.1.3 Evolution 135 6.2 A day in the FabLab 135 6.3 Anthropotechnology and FabLabs 138 6.3.1 Managing water in Tanzania 139 6.3.2 Pleco: the electrolytic pencil 141 6.4 Conclusion 143 6.5 Bibliography 145 List of Authors 147 Index 149

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Book SynopsisThe integration and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in African countries is increasingly observable in various sectors of activity (banking, education, trade, etc.) despite a digital divide still relevant. ICT has become a major sector of the recent growth of a new informal economy in African cities (Chéneau-Loquay, 2008). This question has been at the heart of various international meetings. An overall positive and even utopian momentum is generally heard about the contribution of digital technologies to the development of African states. The adoption or appropriation of digital technologies by Africans is presented in many speeches by politicians or institutions involved in the field of cooperation and international development as an important issue for the development of this continent. These different considerations give rise to reflections on the following themes. - Social Media and Public Space in Africa - Challenges of the digital economy in Africa - ICT and modernization of higher education in AfricaTable of ContentsForeword xiNathalie PINÈDE Introduction xviiJulien ATCHOUA, Jean-Jacques BOGUI and Saikou DIALLO Part 1 Social Media and the Public Space in Africa 1 Chapter 1 Civil Society in the Consolidation Process of Democracy in Burkina Faso: Balai Citoyen on Facebook 3Marcel BAGARÉ 1.1 Problems 5 1.2 Theoretical and methodological approach 6 1.3 Good governance, the purpose of Balai Citoyen 8 1.4 The media construction of Balai Citoyen via Facebook: images and propaganda 10 1.5 Leadership: a factor of mobilization via social networks 14 1.6 Facebook and Balai Citoyen: an instrument of conquest and political struggle? 17 1.7 Conclusion 20 1.8 References 21 Chapter 2 Social Networks, New Barometers of Political Action in Côte d’Ivoire 25Raymond Kouassi KRA 2.1 Positioning of the problem 25 2.2 Social networks and the question of their importance in the world, in Africa and in Côte d’Ivoire 27 2.3 Some message content broadcast on digital social networks 30 2.4 Mobilization and process implemented: a need for freedom met by the Internet 32 2.5 The real impact of mobilization on political action 33 2.6 Mobilization and messages 35 2.7 Social networks, political actors and the exercise of power in Côte d’Ivoire 37 2.8 Conclusion 40 2.9 References 40 Chapter 3 Mobilization for Collective Action: The Contribution of Digital Social Networks to Political Engagement 43Gbati NAPO 3.1 State of play and theoretical framework 46 3.1.1 Digital social networks (DSNs): current situation 46 3.1.2 Theoretical positioning of research 47 3.2 Research results 48 3.2.1 Types and processes of collective action: the different types 48 3.2.2 Collective action process 49 3.2.3 Actions for collective mobilization: from the use of traditional media to digital social media 50 3.2.4 Broadening public debate on DSNs and mobilizing for socio-political demands 51 3.2.5 DSNs and broadening public debate in a context of democratic renewal 51 3.2.6 DSNs and mobilization for political participation: elections 53 3.2.7 DSNs and collective actions: examples of political engagement in Africa 54 3.3 Discussion 57 3.4 Conclusion 59 3.5 References 60 3.6 Webography 61 Chapter 4 Social Media Challenges in Citizen Participation in Africa 63Oulaï Honoré KAHI 4.1 Theoretical context 64 4.1.1 Social media 64 4.1.2 Overview of the characteristics of the social web and social media 65 4.2 Digital public space 66 4.3 Citizen participation 67 4.3.1 Overview of citizen participation 67 4.3.2 Use of citizen blogs 69 4.4 Methodology 69 4.5 Main practical challenges 71 4.5.1 Communication challenges 71 4.5.2 Political challenges 74 4.5.3 Social challenges 76 4.5.4 Technical challenges 78 4.6 Conclusion 79 4.7 Appendix 80 4.8 References 82 Chapter 5 Medialism in the Societal Space of John Updike 85Olivier Koffi KOFFI 5.1 A chorus of media voices 86 5.1.1 The voice of the radio: give-and-take 88 5.1.2 The voice of the telephone: a telephone narrative 88 5.1.3 The voice of television: literature on screen 91 5.2 A media description of fragmentation in social mediation 92 5.2.1 Work on the page 95 5.2.2 Media and cultural transfers 100 5.3 Conclusion 103 5.4 References 104 Part 2 Issues Linked to the Digital Economy in Africa 107 Chapter 6 “Je suis au bara” or the Deviant Use of the Internet among Abidjan’s Scammers 109Ettien Franck Stéphane ADOU and Mahesse Stéphanie KOLÉ 6.1 Materials and methods 111 6.2 From the robot launcher to scamming master: routes and upward mobility of the scammer 112 6.2.1 Access logic and scamming transmission mode 112 6.2.2 Phases, success models and rewards of the scamming career 113 6.3 The scamming practice 116 6.3.1 Being in the bara: a typical day at the Internet café 116 6.3.2 Processes mobilized within bara: between psychology, technology and mysticism 117 6.4 The dynamic identity of scammers 119 6.4.1 Reflective identity (self-image and practice) 120 6.4.2 The scammers and their entourage 121 6.5 Discussion: scamming, a persistent deviant profession 122 6.6 Conclusion 124 6.7 References 125 Chapter 7 Money Transfers via Mobile Phones and Contributions to the Socio-Economic Well-Being of Populations in Africa 127Évariste DAKOURÉ 7.1 Methodology 130 7.2 The notion of financial inclusion and mobile money 131 7.3 Mobile phone penetration rate in Africa and mobile money transfer 132 7.4 Factors promoting the development of money transfers via mobile phones 134 7.5 Presentation of the results 136 7.5.1 The issue of migrant fund transfers in Western Africa 136 7.5.2 Money transfers from African migrants via mobile phones and human development in Africa 138 7.5.3 Development of money transfer services in rural areas 140 7.5.4 Mobile money transfer and inclusion in Africa 143 7.6 Conclusion 144 7.7 References 145 Chapter 8 Geographic Concentration of Monetary Activities and Spatial Dispersion induced by Digital Technology in Côte d’Ivoire 149Alain François LOUKOU 8.1 Theoretical framework of the study: a fundamental disruption to traditional economic models, linked to the digital revolution 151 8.2 Description of the spatial framework of the study 152 8.3 Methodology 153 8.4 Results 154 8.4.1 The classic model of concentration of monetary activities in Côte d’Ivoire 154 8.4.2 The model of decentralization of monetary transaction activities, driven by the vitality of digital and electronic technology 156 8.5 The interpretation of geographical space through digital services 158 8.6 The financial inclusion of a significant proportion of the population through digital technology 159 8.7 Discussion 160 8.7.1 Limits of geographical coverage of mobile transmission networks and technical difficulties of inclusion 160 8.7.2 The mobile payment solution: advantages and disadvantages 161 8.8 Limitations of the study from a methodological point of view 161 8.9 Conclusion 162 8.10 References 163 Part 3 Digital Technologies and Human Development 167 Chapter 9 Digital Technology, “Smart City” and Video Surveillance in Côte d’Ivoire 169Julien ATCHOUA and Jean-Jacques BOGUI 9.1 Smart city in Côte d’Ivoire: prospects 170 9.2 Video surveillance in Abidjan: state of controversy 172 9.3 Surveillance cameras between hopes and fears 174 9.4 Conclusion 177 9.5 References 179 Chapter 10 The Integration of ICT in Higher Education in Senegal 181Ousmane SALL, Mouhamadou S DIALLO, Insa BADJI, Moustapha CISSÉ, Abdoulaye SY and Marie NDIAYE 10.1 State of ICT in Senegal 182 10.2 Integration of ICT into education 182 10.3 E-learning in Senegal 184 10.3.1 Background information 184 10.3.2 Issues 185 10.4 E-learning initiatives in higher education institutions in Senegal 186 10.4.1 E-learning initiatives in public institutions 186 10.5 E-learning initiatives in private institutions 188 10.5.1 IAM initiatives 188 10.5.2 MIT Initiatives 188 10.6 Advantages, disadvantages and problems encountered by e-learning in Senegal 188 10.6.1 Advantages of e-learning in Senegal 189 10.6.2 Disadvantages and problems encountered by e-learning in Senegal 190 10.7 Conclusion 191 10.8 References 192 10.9 Webography 193 Chapter 11 Connected Objects in Africa: The Case of Telemedicine with Genesis Telecare in Cameroon 195Gilbert TOPPÉ 11.1 General information on telemedicine 196 11.2 Study of telemedicine in Africa 198 11.3 Specificity of Genesis Telecare in Cameroon 201 11.4 The Genesis Telecare approach in Cameroon 202 11.5 Telemedicine and technological innovation in Africa 204 11.6 Conclusion 207 11.7 References 208 11.8 Webography 208 List of Authors 209 Index 211

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Book SynopsisSchofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation is a comprehensive programme for teaching grammar and punctuation while also building on vocabulary, reading and writing skills. The Grammar 5 Teacher's Guide supports the explicit teaching of grammar and punctuation through structured lessons, stimulating focus texts and easy-to-use assessment.

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Book SynopsisThis welcome new resource for international students in art, design, and media provides clear explanations of the terminology and concepts they must master in order to fulfill their academic potential and enrich their professional careers.Trade Review“This book will be useful to introduce the students to the keywords and concepts of art. It will be most useful as a supplementary textbook.” (Reference Reviews, 1 October 2015)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements x Preface xi I KEY WORDS AND PHRASES IN ART, DESIGN AND MEDIA 1 Part A glossary 2 Part B Useful educational terms 83 Part C Verb list 90 Making behaviour 90 Creative behaviour 92 Complex, logical and judgemental behaviour 93 Study behaviour 94 II ILLUSTRATED ART OBJECTS 95 III STUDY SKILLS 113 Part A Defining principles 114 The Western educational style 114 Convergent and divergent thinking 115 Part B Study skills in art, media and design 117 What are BA honours, MA and PhD degrees? 117 What is practice-based postgraduate research? 119 Learning goals in art, media and design courses 120 Learning outcomes 121 IV METHODOLOGIES AND CULTURAL CONTEXT 125 Part A Some historical background 126 Part B Thinking about world-views 134 Creating your own world-view 136 Part C Methodological approaches in art, media and design 141 Historical background 141 Modernism 143 Postmodernism 147 V AN INTRODUCTION TO KEY THINKERS AND CONCEPTS IN ART, MEDIA AND DESIGN 151 Part A Background 156 1. Sociology 157 2. Psychology 159 3. Phenomenology 162 4. Philosophy of language 166 5. Marxism 169 6. Vitalism 172 Part B Contemporary thinkers and concepts 175 1. Structuralism 180 2. Hermeneutics 181 3. Pragmatism 183 4. Poststructuralism 185 5. Post-Marxism 189 6. Gender studies 199 7. Postcolonial theory 201 8. Postmodern vitalist theory 204 9. Technology, media and postmodernity 209 10. Posthumanism and cyberculture 215 VI OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION 221 Part A Graphics 222 Galleries and museums 222 Artists’ materials, book and computer shops 223 Art and design awards 223 Magazines, websites and blogs 224 Designers and agencies 224 Part B Fine art 227 Art shops and bookshops in london 227 Art and design awards 227 Magazines, websites and blogs 228 Studios 228 Artists 228 VII SUGGESTED GENERAL READING 231 General surveys 232 Key texts 232 Modern art 233 Contemporary art 235 New media 238 Global art 238 Design 239 Index 240

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Book SynopsisNow in its third edition, Mobile and Social Media Journalism continues to be an essential resource for those learning about how journalists and news organizations use mobile and social media to gather news, distribute content, and engage with audiences.

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Book SynopsisArgues that contemporary ideas and practices concerning nature and technology remain closely bound up with religious ways of thinking and acting. This work reinterprets a range of 'secular' phenomena in terms of their conditioning by a complex series of transformations of the sacred in Western history.Trade Review"With this book Szerszynski makes a highly original contribution to European social theory of the politics of nature and reflexive modernization. Paddling hard against the main currents of thought in this area, he doggedly follows his hunch - that the contemporary politicization of nature and technology is by no means a sign of our final departure from the horizon of religion and the sacred. The scholarly yet engaging way in which he develops his case will mean that this book will become an obligatory reference point for those wishing to locate the contemporary debates about how we should live with technology and nature within the longer scope of Western history." Ulrich Beck, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich "Szerszynski’s meticulously researched and well-argued book comprehensively demolishes the notion that monotheism disenchanted the natural world … This book will stand for many years to come as the authoritative treatment of a topic which in turn stands at the very centre of the entire ecological debate." John Milbank, University of Nottingham "Szerszynski draws on several centuries of Western religious and philosophical thought to rebut the idea that modernity’s love affair with technology has taken the sacred out of nature. His provocative, wide-ranging study will broaden the horizons of environmental scholarship as well as science and technology studies." Sheila Jasanoff, Harvard University "In this impressive, wide-ranging new volume, Bronislaw Szerszynski provides a sophisticated historic overview of the development of technology from ancient times to the present. [...] This book is a highly refined and intelligent work and whether its conclusions are met with enthusiasm or sceptical disagreement, it demands and deserves significant attention." Journal of Contemporary Religion “Nature, Technology and the Sacred takes our ability to study implicit religion to a new and deeper level … We can only anticipate that much more will come from this formidable scholar.” Implicit ReligionTable of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgements xvii Part I Modernity, Nature and the Sacred 1 1 The Disenchantment of the World 3 2 Nature, Secularization and the Transformation of the Sacred 10 Part II Nature and Technology 29 3 Nature, Science and the Death of Pan 31 4 Modern Technology and the Sacred 51 Part III The Body and its Environment 65 5 The Body, Healing and the Sacred 67 6 The Birth of ‘the Environment’ 84 Part IV Against the Technological Condition 109 7 The Politicization of Nature 111 8 Nature, Virtue and Everyday Life 125 9 Nature and Public Speech 140 Part V The Future of the Sacred 157 10 The Global Sacred 159 11 Nature, Technology and the Sacred: a Postscript 171 Notes 179 References 188 Index 211

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Book SynopsisIn times of crisis and uncertainty, tourism suffers multiple transformations such as societal, ecological, technological, and political changes, among many others. Beyond the cyclical adjustments, these upheavals call for agility on the part of tourism territories and organizations at various levels. Tourism Agility in Times of Crisis and Uncertainty 1 proposes a multidisciplinary approach to questioning tourism agility in terms of uncertainty, technology and society. This first volume analyzes various discourses around the notion of major crises, proposing agile responses for a different kind of tourism, mixing theoretical solutions and management approaches, while addressing the question of resilience within the tourism sector. Reflections revolve around the digital skills of companies, while agile vectors linking artificial intelligence and the quest for meaning are also examined. Finally, the societal and social approach to tourism agility highlights the crucial issues of relations between tourists and locals, as well as the contemporary dynamics of visitorhost interactions in the context of agritourism.

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Book SynopsisThe work of the artist couple Christo (1935–2020) and Jeanne-Claude (1935–2009) resists categorization. It is a hybrid of art, urban planning, architecture, and engineering, but above all an aesthetic uniquely their own: surreal and ethereal environmental interventions that have graced monuments, public parks, and centers of power alike. This compact book spans the complete career of the couple who were born on the very same day, met in Paris, fell in love, and became a creative team like no other. With rich illustration, it spans Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s earliest projects in the 1950s right through to The Floating Piers, installed at Lake Iseo, Italy, in 2016. The book celebrates all of the couple’s most famous environmental interventions, such as The Gates in New York’s Central Park and the Wrapped Reichstag in Berlin, while also featuring early drawings and family photos unknown to the wider public.

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Book SynopsisAs electronic devices become increasingly prevalent in everyday life, digital circuits are becoming even more complex and smaller in size. This book presents the basic principles of digital electronics in an accessible manner, allowing the reader to grasp the principles of combinational and sequential logic and the underlying techniques for the analysis and design of digital circuits. Providing a hands-on approach, this work introduces techniques and methods for establishing logic equations and designing and analyzing digital circuits. Each chapter is supplemented with practical examples and well-designed exercises with worked solutions. This second of three volumes focuses on sequential and arithmetic logic circuits. It covers various aspects related to the following topics: latch and flip-flop; binary counters; shift registers; arithmetic and logic circuits; digital integrated circuit technology; semiconductor memory; programmable logic circuits. Along with the two accompanying volumes, this book is an indispensable tool for students at a bachelors or masters level seeking to improve their understanding of digital electronics, and is detailed enough to serve as a reference for electronic, automation and computer engineers.Table of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1. Latch and Flip-Flop 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. General overview 1 1.2.1. SR latch 6 1.2.2. S R latch 9 1.2.3. Application: switch debouncing 11 1.3. Gated SR latch 11 1.3.1. Implementation based on an SR latch 12 1.3.2. Implementation based on an S R latch 14 1.4. Gated D latch 15 1.5. Basic JK flip-flop 16 1.6. T flip-flop 18 1.7. Master-slave and edge-triggered flip-flop 20 1.7.1. Master-slave flip-flop 20 1.7.2. Edge-triggered flip-flop 24 1.8. Flip-flops with asynchronous inputs 30 1.9. Operational characteristics of flip-flops 33 1.10. Exercises 34 1.11. Solutions 39 Chapter 2. Binary Counters 51 2.1. Introduction 51 2.2. Modulo 4 counter 52 2.3. Modulo 8 counter 53 2.4. Modulo 16 counter 55 2.4.1. Modulo 10 counter 57 2.5. Counter with parallel load 60 2.6. Down counter 62 2.7. Synchronous reversible counter 64 2.8. Decoding a down counter 65 2.9. Exercises 66 2.10. Solutions 73 Chapter 3. Shift Register 85 3.1. Introduction 85 3.2. Serial-in shift register 85 3.3. Parallel-in shift register 85 3.4. Bidirectional shift register 88 3.5. Register file 90 3.6. Shift register based counter 91 3.6.1. Ring counter 92 3.6.2. Johnson counter 93 3.6.3. Linear feedback counter 94 3.7. Exercises 101 3.8. Solutions 107 Chapter 4. Arithmetic and Logic Circuits 117 4.1. Introduction 117 4.2. Adder 117 4.2.1. Half adder 117 4.2.2. Full adder 119 4.2.3. Ripple-carry adder 120 4.2.4. Carry-lookahead adder 122 4.2.5. Carry-select adder 124 4.2.6. Carry-skip adder 125 4.3. Comparator 127 4.4. Arithmetic and logic unit 129 4.5. Multiplier 136 4.5.1. Multiplier of 2-bit unsigned numbers 136 4.5.2. Multiplier of 4-bit unsigned numbers 137 4.5.3. Multiplier for signed numbers 138 4.6. Divider 143 4.7. Exercises 149 4.8. Solutions 158 Chapter 5. Digital Integrated Circuit Technology 177 5.1. Introduction 177 5.2. Characteristics of the technologies 177 5.2.1. Supply voltage 177 5.2.2. Logic levels 178 5.2.3. Immunity to noise 178 5.2.4. Propagation delay 179 5.2.5. Electric power consumption 179 5.2.6. Fan-out or load factor 179 5.3. TTL logic family 180 5.3.1. Bipolar junction transistor 180 5.3.2. TTL NAND gate 181 5.3.3. Integrated TTL circuit 182 5.4. CMOS logic family 183 5.4.1. MOSFET transistor 183 5.4.2. CMOS logic gates 184 5.5. Open drain logic gates 185 5.5.1. Three-state buffer 187 5.5.2. CMOS integrated circuit 188 5.6. Other logic families 189 5.7. Interfacing circuits of different technologies 189 5.8. Exercises 190 5.9. Solutions 193 Chapter 6. Semiconductor Memory 195 6.1. Introduction 195 6.2. Memory organization 195 6.3. Operation of a memory 197 6.4. Types of memory 199 6.4.1. Non-volatile memory 199 6.4.2. Volatile memories 202 6.4.3. Characteristics of the different memory types 207 6.5. Applications 207 6.5.1. Memory organization 208 6.5.2. Applications 209 6.6. Other types of memory 218 6.6.1. Ferromagnetic RAM 220 6.6.2. Content-addressable memory 222 6.6.3. Sequential access memory 223 6.7. Exercises 226 6.8. Solutions 230 Chapter 7. Programmable Logic Circuits 245 7.1. General overview 245 7.2. Programmable logic device 246 7.3. Applications 255 7.3.1. Implementation of logic functions 255 7.3.2. Two-bit adder 257 7.3.3. Binary-to-BCD and BCD-to-binary converters 263 7.4. Programmable logic circuits (CPLD and FPGA) 263 7.4.1. Principle and technology 264 7.4.2. CPLD 268 7.4.3. FPGA 270 7.5. References 274 7.6. Exercises 275 7.7. Solutions 284 Appendix 307 Bibliography 309 Index 311

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Book SynopsisThe study of cyberspace is relatively new within the field of social sciences, yet interest in the subject is significant. Conflicts, Crimes and Regulations in Cyberspace contributes to the scientific debate being brought to the fore by addressing international and methodological issues, through the use of case studies.This book presents cyberspace as a socio-technical system on an international level. It focuses on state and non-state actors, as well as the study of strategic concepts and norms. Unlike global studies, the socio-technical approach and “meso” scale facilitate the analysis of cyberspace in international relations. This is an area of both collaboration and conflict for which specific modes of regulation have appeared.Table of ContentsIntroduction Xi Sébastien-Yves Laurent Chapter 1 The United States, States And The False Claims Of The End Of The Global Internet 1 Sébastien-Yves Laurent 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Creation Of The Internet And The Development Of Cyberspace By The United States 2 1.2.1 The First International Telecommunications Systems Developed By All States 3 1.2.2 The Creation And Development Of The Internet By The United States 3 1.2.3 International Management Controlled By The United States 4 1.2.4 A Sociotechnical System Bearing A Composite American Ideology 10 1.2.5 The False Recomposition Of The Global Sociotechnical System: The Global Summits On The Information Society 11 1.3 Cyberspace Transformed By The Arrival In Force Of States 13 1.3.1 State Intentions In “National Strategies”: A Global Approach 14 1.3.2 Russian–American Structural Disagreements On Information Security And Cybersecurity 16 1.3.3 Discussions On Cybersecurity: The Symbolic International Restoration Of The Coercive State 18 1.4 Praxis Of State Coercion In Cyberspace 20 1.4.1 Intelligence And Surveillance Activities In The Digital Environment 21 1.4.2 Non-Military Cyber Operations 24 1.4.3 Interstate Digital Conflicts, Secrecy And Coercive Diplomacy 26 1.5 The Fragmentation Of The Global Internet And The Digital Sovereignty Of States 29 1.5.1 Linguistic Balkanization: Digital Babel 29 1.5.2 Political Fragmentation: Alternative Internets 31 1.6 The Strong Constraint Of Interstate Cooperation For All States 33 1.6.1 Interstate Agreements On An Embryo Of International Law 33 1.6.2 State Dependence On International Cooperation For Cybersecurity 34 1.7 Conclusion 35 1.8 References 36 Chapter 2 Cybersecurity In America: The US National Security Apparatus And Cyber Conflict Management 43 Frédérick Gagnon and Alexis Rapin 2.1 Introduction 43 2.2 Societal And Institutional Dynamics 45 2.3 Organizational And Bureaucratic Dynamics 49 2.4 Individual Dynamics 53 2.5 Conclusion 57 2.6 References 58 Chapter 3 Separation Of Offensive And Defensive Functions: The Originality Of The French Cyberdefense Model Called Into Question? 63 Alix Desforges 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 A Model Designed And Developed In Response To The Threats And Challenges Of The Early 2010s 66 3.2.1 An Organizational Model Apparently Based On Two Main Actors 66 3.2.2 The Commitment To A Strict Offensive/Defensive Separation 71 3.3 A Strict Separation Of Offensive And Defensive Functions And Missions: An Obstacle To Better Defense? 75 3.3.1 A Rapidly Changing Context: An Increasingly Significant Threat From The Most Advanced States 76 3.3.2 Limits That Have Become Obstacles To Accomplishing Cyberdefense Missions 78 3.3.3 An Institutionalized Rapprochement Of The Actors Of Defensive And Offensive Parts In The Name Of Cyberdefense Missions: From Mitigation To Obliteration? 82 3.4 Conclusion 85 3.5 References 86 Chapter 4 The Boundary Between Cybercrime And Cyberwar: An Uncertain No-Man’s Land 89 Marc Watin-Augouard 4.1 Introduction 89 4.2 The Field Of Cybercrime Up To The Limits Of The Glass Ceiling 91 4.2.1 The Field Of Cybercrime: An Attempt At Delimitation 92 4.2.2 Cybercrime, The “21st Century Crime” 95 4.2.3 Cyber Conflict At The Edge Of The Glass Ceiling 95 4.3 War In Cyberspace, Cyber In War 98 4.3.1 Cyber In War, A Daily Reality 98 4.3.2 Autonomous Warfare In The Cyber World: The Test Of The Law Of Armed Conflict 99 4.3.3 Digital Cyber Persuasion 102 4.4 Conclusion 104 4.5 References 105 Chapter 5 Cyberdefense, The Digital Dimension Of National Security 107 Bertrand Warusfel 5.1 Introduction 107 5.2 Cyberdefense In The Political And Legal Framework Of Digital Security 108 5.2.1 A Definition Of Cyberdefense 108 5.2.2 Linking Cyberdefense To National Security Strategy 109 5.3 The Emergence Of A Coherent Legal Regime For Cyberdefense 111 5.3.1 The Legal Basis Of The Permanent Cyberdefense Posture 111 5.3.2 Exceptional Instruments For Responding To A Crisis 112 5.4 Conclusion 115 5.5 References 116 Chapter 6 Omnipresence Without Omnipotence: The US Campaign Against Huawei In The 5G Era 117 Mark Corcoral 6.1 Introduction 117 6.2 The Unilateral American Offensive Against Huawei: A Disruptive Campaign Causing Significant Collateral Damage 119 6.2.1 Huawei: An “Unusual And Extraordinary” Threat To The United States’ Position In The International Order 120 6.2.2 A Political, Legal And Economic Offensive Against Huawei, Causing Significant Collateral Damage 122 6.3 The American Diplomatic Offensive: The Limits Of American Rhetorical Coercion Of Their Partners And Allies 128 6.3.1 Educating Rather Than Persuading: An Attempt To Rhetorically Coerce Partners And Allies 129 6.3.2 Successful Agenda Setting But Limited Rhetorical Coercion 131 6.3.3 American Rhetorical Coercion In The Special Relationship 134 6.4 The Anti-Huawei Offensive: A Barometer Of American Power? 137 6.5 References 139 Chapter 7 The Issue Of Personal And Sovereign Data In The Light Of An Emerging “International Law Of Intelligence” 147 Fabien Lafouasse 7.1 Introduction 147 7.2 The Legal Rules Invoked In The Collection Of Personal And Sovereign Data 150 7.2.1 Right To Privacy Versus General Communications Surveillance 150 7.2.2 Violation Of Territorial Sovereignty Versus Cyberespionage 153 7.3 Data Localization In The Light Of International Intelligence Law 156 7.3.1 Data Fluidity Versus Data Storage 156 7.3.2 Datasphere Versus International Intelligence Law 159 7.4 Conclusion 163 7.5 Appendix: The Quadrants Of Intelligence Law 164 7.6 Sources And References 165 7.6.1 Sources 165 7.6.2 References 166 Chapter 8 International Cybersecurity Cooperation 169 Guillaume Poupard 8.1 Current Attack Trends 169 8.2 The Multiple Paths Of International Cooperation 171 8.3 The Issue Of Attack Attribution 175 Chapter 9 Cyberdefense And Cybersecurity Regulations In The United States: From The Failure Of The “Comprehensive Policy” To The Success Of The Sectoral Approach 177 Adrien Manniez 9.1 Introduction 177 9.2 The Identification Of A New Threat And The Impact Of Cyber On How US Security And Defense Policies Are Designed 178 9.3 From The Impact Of Cyber On Policy To The Impact Of Politics On Cyber 181 9.4 From A Comprehensive Cyber Policy To A Sectoral Approach: The Success Of An Undeclared Regulatory Policy 190 9.5 Conclusion 195 9.6 References 196 List of Authors 199 Index 201

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Book SynopsisUrban spaces are being called upon to develop a capacity for resilience and sustainability in order to meet the major challenges they face. To achieve such a goal, a practical development framework must be implemented in order to take advantage of the technological innovations that characterize the field of construction and urban engineering. Today, multi-scale BIM is bringing about significant changes that are redefining the paradigms of urban management. It facilitates simulations of the sustainability of urban spaces with respect to several criteria; most notably relating to energy, the economy and the environment. Building Information Modeling for a Smart and Sustainable Urban Space proposes a theoretical and practical framework for implementing BIM models for the creation of sustainable and intelligent urban spaces. It addresses the issues of acquisition, modeling, interoperability, and BIM and GIS integration for the production of BIM models. Case studies are presented, providing a practical dimension that demonstrates the production process of the urban model and its contribution to multiscale simulations, particularly in real estate evaluation and urban renewal.Table of ContentsPreface xiRafika HAJJI and Hassane JARAR OULIDI Acknowledgments xiii List of Acronyms xv Introduction xixRafika HAJJI and Hassane JARAR OULIDI Chapter 1. BIM: A New Paradigm 1Rafika HAJJI and Hassane JARAR OULIDI 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. History of BIM 2 1.3. BIM: A meta concept 3 1.4. BIM: Between technology and process 5 1.5. BIM in the lifecycle of a building 5 1.5.1. From design to pre-construction 6 1.5.2. From construction to operation 7 1.6. Some transversal uses of BIM 7 1.6.1. Visualization 8 1.6.2. Coordination and collaboration 9 1.6.3. Construction planning: 4D simulation 9 1.6.4. Cost estimation: 5D simulation 10 1.6.5. Building management and maintenance 10 1.7. BIM dimensions and levels of detail 11 1.7.1. The “xDs” of BIM 11 1.7.2. Levels of detail 12 1.8. BIM maturity and capability 16 1.8.1. Level 0: Pre-BIM 16 1.8.2. Level 1: Object-oriented modeling 16 1.8.3. Level 2: Collaboration based on federated object-oriented models 17 1.8.4. Level 3: Collaboration around an integrated object-oriented model 17 1.9. Conclusion 18 1.10. References 18 Chapter 2. Which Data Sources for the BIM Model? 21Rafika HAJJI and Hassane JARAR OULIDI 2.1. Introduction 21 2.2. Multiple sources for the 3D digitization of urban space 22 2.2.1. 3D measurement techniques 22 2.2.2. Selection criteria 27 2.3. Approaches for 3D data production 28 2.3.1. Point cloud-based approaches 29 2.3.2. Image-based approaches 32 2.3.3. Hybrid approaches 32 2.4. Integration of multi-source data 33 2.5. General discussion 34 2.6. Conclusion 36 2.7. References 36 Chapter 3. Development of the BIM Model 41Rafika HAJJI and Hassane JARAR OULIDI 3.1. Introduction 41 3.2. Issues around 3D urban models 42 3.3. Semantics of 3D urban models 42 3.4. From the point cloud to the 3D model 43 3.4.1. Point cloud processing chain 44 3.4.2. Geometric modeling 50 3.5. 3D reconstruction of the BIM model 54 3.5.1. Scan-to-BIM process 54 3.5.2. Scan versus BIM process 57 3.6. Conclusion 58 3.7. References 58 Chapter 4. Open BIM Standards 63Hassane JARAR OULIDI and Rafika HAJJI 4.1. Standardization bodies 63 4.1.1. Open Geospatial Consortium 63 4.1.2. ISO TC211 64 4.1.3. buildingSMART 65 4.2. Data models for multi-scale BIM 65 4.2.1. Open BIM 65 4.2.2. CityGML 68 4.2.3. LandInfra/InfraGML 70 4.3. Conclusion 75 4.4. References 76 Chapter 5. GeoBIM: Towards a Convergence of BIM and 3D GIS 77Rafika HAJJI and Hassane JARAR OULIDI 5.1. Introduction 77 5.2. The GeoBIM concept 78 5.3. Some applications of GeoBIM 79 5.4. BIM and GIS: similarities and differences 80 5.5. BIM and GIS integration 82 5.5.1. Model interoperability 82 5.5.2. Integration approaches 83 5.6. IFC and CityGML conversion 87 5.7. BIM georeferencing 87 5.8. Conclusion 89 5.9. References 89 Chapter 6. BIM and 3D GIS Integration for Real Estate Valuation 95Siham EL YAMANI and Rafika HAJJI 6.1. Introduction 95 6.2. Real estate valuation: concepts, approaches and standards 96 6.2.1. The concept of real estate valuation 97 6.2.2. Real estate valuation approaches 97 6.2.3. Real estate valuation norms and standards 98 6.3. BIM and 3D GIS for real estate valuation 99 6.4. BIM-3D GIS integration: a new paradigm for real estate valuation 101 6.5. Examples of BIM and 3D GIS simulations for real estate valuation 103 6.5.1. Simulation of the internal factors of a property 104 6.5.2. Identification of comparable units of the property being appraised 106 6.5.3. 3D visibility analysis 107 6.5.4. Valuation of tax property elements: 3D cadastre 108 6.6. Conclusion 108 6.7. References 109 Chapter 7. Semantic Segmentation of Airborne LiDAR Data for the Development of an Urban 3D Model 113Zouhair BALLOUCH and Rafika HAJJI 7.1. Introduction 113 7.2. From semantic segmentation to 3D modeling 114 7.3. Semantic segmentation by Deep Learning 118 7.3.1. Semantic segmentation methods by DL 118 7.3.2. Discussion 120 7.4. Development of an urban 3D model 121 7.4.1. Geometric modeling from the 3D point cloud 122 7.4.2. Semantic modeling 123 7.4.3. Discussion 125 7.4.4. Our approach 125 7.5. Conclusion 127 7.6. References 127 Chapter 8. BIM for the Renovation of Urban Spaces 131Oumayma MOUFID 8.1. Introduction 131 8.2. Urban space: problems and dysfunctions 132 8.3. Urban renewal approaches 134 8.4. BIM/CIM for urban renewal 135 8.4.1. Methodology 135 8.5. Renovation process 137 8.6. Conclusion 139 8.7. References 139 Conclusion 141Rafika HAJJI and Hassane JARAR OULIDI List of Authors 145 Index 147

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Book SynopsisInformation, Knowledge and Agile Creativity will enlighten entrepreneurs, and is ideal for facilitating an organization’s ability to react and adapt to its environment. Creativity is a system that engenders innovation. While integral at the conception stage, it is also important before and after this phase. This book offers a collection of tools, as well as a methodology, to estimate the agility of an organization to generate and transform ideas into solutions that are not only new but also adapted to their users. To this end, this book presents strategic foresight and problem comprehension methods; tools of sharing and visual information formatting; animation tips for creativity workshops; techniques for generating ideas; and tools for visualizing and mapping ideas, information, and knowledge. Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1. Creativity for Innovation 1 1.1. Definitions of creativity 2 1.2. The different forms of innovation 6 1.2.1. Incremental innovation and radical innovation 7 1.2.2. Innovation from the bottom up 8 1.2.3. Disruptive innovation from the top down 11 1.2.4. Innovation by market extension 13 1.2.5. Some other forms of innovation 17 1.3. The metaphor of the fighter plane to link creativity and innovation 20 1.3.1. The OODA loop 20 1.3.2. The space for imagined aerial maneuvers 23 1.4. Conclusion 27 Chapter 2. Recognizing and Questioning the Problem 29 2.1. Understanding and reformulating a problem 29 2.1.1. A series of very simple questions 30 2.1.2. Questioning problems with multiple interpretations 33 2.1.3. The creation of concepts related to the problem or situation 36 2.2. The ideal final result and resources 37 2.2.1. The ideal final result 37 2.2.2. Start by considering a closed world 43 2.2.3. The balance of available resources 45 2.3. The levels of understanding and frameworks of a problem 46 2.3.1. The levels of scale of an understanding 47 2.3.2. Frameworks characterizing the treatment of a problem 48 2.3.3. The division of frames and related issues 49 2.3.4. The benefit of this division and these questions 52 2.4. Conclusion 53 Chapter 3. Monitoring and the Intelligence Cycle 57 3.1. Monitoring and its forms 57 3.1.1. The main steps in a monitoring process 58 3.1.2. Monitoring according to their location, users and objectives 59 3.1.3. Digital, punctual and continuous monitoring 60 3.1.4. The practice of monitoring expressed in the form of metaphors 62 3.2. Information search and search engines 64 3.2.1. Keywords and strings 65 3.2.2. Relevant search engine responses 66 3.2.3. Choosing and searching on search engines 69 3.3. Keywords and search engine searches 71 3.3.1. Keyword categories 73 3.3.2. The risks inherent in the use of keywords 75 3.3.3. Keywords and expressions in texts 76 3.4. Warning systems 79 3.4.1. Web alert tools 79 3.4.2. Content aggregation platforms 80 3.4.3. Human resources for collective monitoring 81 3.5. The organization of information collection 82 3.5.1. The monitoring plan 82 3.5.2. Human sources 87 3.5.3. Field observations and trade show visits 88 3.5.4. Information reports 89 3.5.5. The comparative study or benchmarking 92 3.6. The processing, formatting and dissemination of information 95 Chapter 4. Visual Communication and Idea Management 99 4.1. Communication at the heart of the innovation process 100 4.2. Knowledge mediation and creativity: the intermediary object, the boundary object 105 4.3. The role of visual artifacts in the management of ideas 108 4.4. The contributions and limitations of visual communication tools for idea management 109 4.4.1. Associative representations 110 4.4.2. Territorial representations 116 4.4.3. Event and causal representations 119 4.4.4. Experiential representations 125 4.5. Conclusion 127 Chapter 5. Animating Teams to Stimulate Collective Creativity 129 5.1. (Collective) creativity: a sought-after skill? 131 5.2. The “classic” structuring of a collective creativity session 133 5.2.1. Step 1 of preparing the creativity session 133 5.2.2. Step 2 of the creativity session 134 5.2.3. Step 3 of analyzing and reporting all the results of the creativity session 135 5.3. The important elements of a collective creativity session 135 5.3.1. The attitudes and state of mind for the facilitator to adopt, and for the group of participants to adopt 136 5.3.2. Move from analytical to exploratory reasoning 139 5.3.3. The three levels of divergence–convergence 141 5.4. The choice of creative tools 147 5.4.1. The five implementation logics 147 5.4.2. The notion of “father tools” 148 5.5. Processing the results of a collective creativity session 150 5.6. The different forms of production. 151 5.6.1. The embryo of an idea 151 5.6.2. The idea sheet 152 5.6.3. The concept and the percept 155 5.7. The selection of ideas 157 5.8. Conclusion 161 Chapter 6. Some Techniques to Stimulate and Aid Creativity 163 6.1. Some techniques and tools such as icebreakers or challenges 164 6.1.1. The human knot/human chain 164 6.1.2. The enigmas 165 6.1.3. The marshmallow challenge 166 6.1.4. Non-musical chairs 167 6.1.5. The ball point game 168 6.1.6. Expressing yourself without speaking and using a game 170 6.1.7. The highest card tower 171 6.1.8. The curved shot 172 6.2. Some techniques using associative logic 174 6.2.1. The magic wand or the machine for exploring the future 174 6.2.2. Once upon a time – some ideas 175 6.2.3. Reasons and changes 176 6.2.4. The big mysterious object bag 177 6.2.5. Concept serious play 178 6.3. Some techniques using analog logic 180 6.3.1. The twisting of ideas or the reversal method 180 6.3.2. Biostorming 181 6.3.3. Miniature men 183 6.3.4. Lego serious play 184 6.4. Some techniques using combinatorial logic 186 6.4.1. The discovery matrix 186 6.4.2. Extensive morphological analysis 187 6.4.3. Cubification 189 6.4.4. The scaffolding of ideas 191 6.5. Some techniques using oneiric logic 195 6.5.1. The ancient method of the waking dream 195 6.5.2. Projective exploration 197 6.5.3. The village of originals 197 6.6. Some techniques using Aristotelian logic 200 6.6.1. UX maps 200 6.6.2. Segmentation 201 6.6.3. Creative aikido 202 6.6.4. Simplified axiomatic design 204 6.7. Conclusion 206 Chapter 7. System Mapping and Analysis 207 7.1. Mapping of the system’s tangible and intangible assets 207 7.1.1. Knowledge management and assets considered 207 7.1.2. From knowledge assets to ideas 209 7.1.3. Assets indirectly involved in knowledge creation 213 7.1.4. The glossary of knowledge creation system assets 216 7.1.5. Questioning and organizing assets in frameworks 219 7.2. System analysis 222 7.2.1. The development of a series of indicators 222 7.2.2. Beyond the calculation of indicators 231 Conclusion 239 Bibliography 243 Index 259

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Book SynopsisThis book is a hands-on guide for programmers who want to learn how C++ is used to develop solutions for options and derivatives trading in the financial industry. It explores the main algorithms and programming techniques used in implementing systems and solutions for trading options and derivatives. This updated edition will bring forward new advances in C++ software language and libraries, with a particular focus on the new C++23 standard. The book starts by covering C++ language features that are frequently used to write financial software for options and derivatives. These features include the STL (standard template library), generic templates, functional programming, and support for numerical code. Examples include additional support for lambda functions with simplified syntax, improvements in automatic type detection for templates, custom literals, modules, constant expressions, and improved initialization strategies for C++ objects. This book also provides how-to examples thaTable of Contents

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Book SynopsisUsing the versatile Modelica language and its associated technology, this book presents an object-oriented, component-based approach that makes it possible for readers to quickly master the basics of computer-supported equation-based object-oriented (EOO) mathematical modeling and simulation.Table of ContentsPreface xi 1. Basic Concepts 1 1.1 Systems and Experiments, 2 1.1.1 Natural and Artificial Systems, 3 1.1.2 Experiments, 5 1.2 The Model Concept, 6 1.3 Simulation, 7 1.3.1 Reasons for Simulation, 8 1.3.2 Dangers of Simulation, 9 1.4 Building Models, 10 1.5 Analyzing Models, 12 1.5.1 Sensitivity Analysis, 12 1.5.2 Model-Based Diagnosis, 13 1.5.3 Model Verification and Validation, 13 1.6 Kinds of Mathematical Models, 14 1.6.1 Kinds of Equations, 15 1.6.2 Dynamic Versus Static Models, 16 1.6.3 Continuous-Time Versus Discrete-Time Dynamic Models, 17 1.6.4 Quantitative Versus Qualitative Models, 18 1.7 Using Modeling and Simulation in Product Design, 19 1.8 Examples of System Models, 21 1.9 Summary, 27 1.10 Literature, 27 2. A Quick Tour of Modelica 29 2.1 Getting Started with Modelica, 30 2.1.1 Variables and Predefined Types, 35 2.1.2 Comments, 37 2.1.3 Constants, 38 2.1.4 Variability, 38 2.1.5 Default start Values, 39 2.2 Object-Oriented Mathematical Modeling, 39 2.3 Classes and Instances, 41 2.3.1 Creating Instances, 42 2.3.2 Initialization, 43 2.3.3 Specialized Classes, 44 2.3.4 Reuse of Classes by Modifications, 45 2.3.5 Built-in Classes and Attributes, 46 2.4 Inheritance, 47 2.5 Generic Classes, 48 2.5.1 Class Parameters as Instances, 48 2.5.2 Class Parameters as Types, 50 2.6 Equations, 51 2.6.1 Repetitive Equation Structures, 53 2.6.2 Partial Differential Equations, 54 2.7 Acausal Physical Modeling, 54 2.7.1 Physical Modeling Versus Block-Oriented Modeling, 55 2.8 The Modelica Software Component Model, 57 2.8.1 Components, 58 2.8.2 Connection Diagrams, 58 2.8.3 Connectors and Connector Classes, 60 2.8.4 Connections, 61 2.8.5 Implicit Connections with Inner/Outer, 62 2.8.6 Expandable Connectors for Information Buses, 63 2.8.7 Stream Connectors, 64 2.9 Partial Classes, 65 2.9.1 Reuse of Partial Classes, 66 2.10 Component Library Design and Use, 67 2.11 Example: Electrical Component Library, 67 2.11.1 Resistor, 68 2.11.2 Capacitor, 68 2.11.3 Inductor, 68 2.11.4 Voltage Source, 69 2.11.5 Ground, 70 2.12 Simple Circuit Model, 70 2.13 Arrays, 72 2.14 Algorithmic Constructs, 74 2.14.1 Algorithm Sections and Assignment Statements, 75 2.14.2 Statements, 76 2.14.3 Functions, 77 2.14.4 Operator Overloading and Complex Numbers, 79 2.14.5 External Functions, 81 2.14.6 Algorithms Viewed as Functions, 82 2.15 Discrete Event and Hybrid Modeling, 83 2.16 Packages, 87 2.17 Annotations, 89 2.18 Naming Conventions, 91 2.19 Modelica Standard Libraries, 91 2.20 Implementation and Execution of Modelica, 94 2.20.1 Hand Translation of the Simple Circuit Model, 96 2.20.2 Transformation to State Space Form, 98 2.20.3 Solution Method, 99 2.21 History, 103 2.22 Summary, 107 2.23 Literature, 108 2.24 Exercises, 110 3. Classes and Inheritance 113 3.1 Contract Between Class Designer and User, 113 3.2 A Class Example, 114 3.3 Variables, 115 3.3.1 Duplicate Variable Names, 116 3.3.2 Identical Variable Names and Type Names, 116 3.3.3 Initialization of Variables, 117 3.4 Behavior as Equations, 117 3.5 Access Control, 119 3.6 Simulating the Moon Landing Example, 120 3.7 Inheritance, 123 3.7.1 Inheritance of Equations, 124 3.7.2 Multiple Inheritance, 124 3.7.3 Processing Declaration Elements and Use Before Declare, 126 3.7.4 Declaration Order of extends Clauses, 127 3.7.5 The MoonLanding Example Using Inheritance, 128 3.8 Summary, 130 3.9 Literature, 130 4. System Modeling Methodology 131 4.1 Building System Models, 131 4.1.1 Deductive Modeling Versus Inductive Modeling, 132 4.1.2 Traditional Approach, 133 4.1.3 Object-Oriented Component-Based Approach, 134 4.1.4 Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Modeling, 136 4.1.5 Simplification of Models, 136 4.2 Modeling a Tank System, 138 4.2.1 Using the Traditional Approach, 138 4.2.2 Using the Object-Oriented Component-Based Approach, 139 4.2.3 Tank System with a Continuous PI Controller, 141 4.2.4 Tank with Continuous PID Controller, 144 4.2.5 Two Tanks Connected Together, 147 4.3 Top-Down Modeling of a DC Motor from Predefined Components, 148 4.3.1 Defining the System, 149 4.3.2 Decomposing into Subsystems and Sketching Communication, 149 4.3.3 Modeling the Subsystems, 150 4.3.4 Modeling Parts in the Subsystems, 151 4.3.5 Defining the Interfaces and Connections, 153 4.4 Designing Interfaces–Connector Classes, 153 4.5 Summary, 155 4.6 Literature, 155 5. The Modelica Standard Library 157 5.1 Summary, 168 5.2 Literature, 168 A. Glossary 169 Literature, 174 B. OpenModelica and OMNotebook Commands 175 B.1 OMNotebook Interactive Electronic Book, 175 B.2 Common Commands and Small Examples, 178 B.3 Complete List of Commands, 179 B.4 OMShell and Dymola, 185 OMShell, 185 Dymola Scripting, 185 Literature, 186 C. Textual Modeling with OMNotebook and DrModelica 187 C.1 HelloWorld, 188 C.2 Try DrModelica with VanDerPol and DAEExample Models, 189 C.3 Simple Equation System, 189 C.4 Hybrid Modeling with BouncingBall, 189 C.5 Hybrid Modeling with Sample, 190 C.6 Functions and Algorithm Sections, 190 C.7 Adding a Connected Component to an Existing Circuit, 190 C.8 Detailed Modeling of an Electric Circuit, 191 C.8.1 Equations, 191 C.8.2 Implementation, 192 C.8.3 Putting the Circuit Together, 195 C.8.4 Simulation of the Circuit, 195 D. Graphical Modeling Exercises 197 D.1 Simple DC Motor, 197 D.2 DC Motor with Spring and Inertia, 198 D.3 DC Motor with Controller, 198 D.4 DC Motor as a Generator, 199 References 201 Index 207

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), the basis of sustainable and more agile IT systems that are able to adapt themselves to new trends and manage processes involving a third party. The discussion is based on the public Praxeme method and features a number of examples taken from large SOA projects which were used to rewrite the information systems of an insurance company; as such, decision-makers, creators of IT systems, programmers and computer scientists, as well as those who will use these new developments, will find this a useful resource.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements xiii Foreword xv Preface xxi Guide for the Reader xxvii Introduction to the SOA Project at SMABTP xxxi Chapter 1. Initial Perspectives 1 1.1. 50 years of computing – an overview 1 1.2. What remains today? 5 Part I. Why a Sustainable Information System? 7 Chapter 2. Company-oriented Services 9 2.1. Consequences of the Internet revolution 9 2.2. What do the leading market players say? 12 2.3. What do the chief information officers think? 14 2.4. The issues faced at general management level 14 2.5. Levels of maturity 16 Chapter 3. SOA Maturity Levels 21 3.1. Towards the creation of a more agile information system 21 3.2. Cosmetic SOA 23 3.3. Extended SOA 24 3.4. Overhaul SOA 26 3.5. The matrices of SOA maturity 28 3.5.1. The matrix showing the definitions of SOA 28 3.5.2. The matrix showing the quality criteria of SOA 29 3.5.3. The matrix showing the strengths and weaknesses of SOA 29 Chapter 4. Economic and Social Aspects 31 4.1. Removal of obstacles that may slow down the progressive overhaul of an information system 32 4.2. The future of IT specialists 33 4.3. Off-shoring 33 4.4. The generation mix 34 4.5. The role of software infrastructure editors 35 Part II. The Principles of SOA 37 Chapter 5. The Properties of SOA 39 5.1. The definition of service for users 41 5.1.1. The user of the service 42 5.1.2. A business ambiguity 42 5.1.3. An example of a business service 43 5.2. The definition of service for IT specialists 44 5.2.1. The granularity of service 44 5.2.2. The separation of concerns 46 5.2.3. The service categories 47 5.2.4. Batch services 49 5.3. The properties of basic SOA 50 5.3.1. Loose coupling 50 5.3.2. Communication by messages 51 5.3.3. Design by contract 52 5.3.4. The limits of the basic properties 56 5.4. The properties of agility 56 5.4.1. The difference between the version and the variant of a service 58 5.4.2. Agility of the data 60 5.4.3. Agility of the rules 65 5.4.4. Agility of the processes 66 5.4.5. Agility of the human–computer interface 67 Chapter 6. Orchestration (BPM and SOA) 69 6.1. Multiple requirements in orchestration 71 6.1.1. Orchestration and SOA maturity levels 71 6.1.2. Functional requirements 73 6.1.3. Technical requirements 75 6.1.4. Enterprise architecture requirements 77 6.2. The levels of orchestration 78 6.2.1. Orchestration at the process level 79 6.2.2. Orchestration at screen level 80 6.2.3. Orchestration at the micro-process level (use cases) 81 6.2.4. Orchestration at the business service level 82 6.2.5. Orchestration between domains through the use of ESB 83 6.2.6. The orchestration of batches 83 6.3. The techniques of orchestration 85 6.3.1. The BPM engine 85 6.3.2. The business rules engine 86 6.3.3. Specific programming 86 6.4. Towards the homogenization of orchestration 87 6.4.1. Unified modeling 87 6.4.2. Unified standard 89 6.5. The benefits of orchestration 91 6.5.1. Advantages 91 6.5.2. Disadvantages 91 Part III. The Need for an Enterprise Method 93 Chapter 7. The Discovery of Services (Reference Framework and Urbanization) 95 7.1. New needs for the information system 96 7.1.1. Expansiveness and progressiveness 97 7.1.2. Mobilizing the many different competences 98 7.2. Why are different methods seldom used within companies? 98 7.3. Reference frameworks 101 7.3.1. Zachman’s framework 101 7.3.2. TOGAF 102 7.3.3. Peter Herzum’s framework 103 7.3.4. Important information to be taken from the reference frameworks 104 7.4. Essential tools 105 7.4.1. UML (Unified Modeling Language) 105 7.4.2. MDA (Model Driven Architecture) 106 7.4.3. Urbanization of the information system 107 Chapter 8. The Praxeme Enterprise Method 111 8.1. Praxeme: the initiative behind a public method 112 8.2. The Praxeme method 112 8.2.1. Product 113 8.2.2. Process 113 8.2.3. Procedures 114 8.2.4. Combining the three dimensions114 8.3. Enterprise system topology according to the Praxeme method 115 8.3.1. Upstream models 115 8.3.2. Logical (SOA), technical and software architecture models 117 8.3.3. Hardware and physical architecture models 117 8.3.4. Enterprise system topology 118 8.3.5. Pre-modeling 119 8.4. What the Praxeme method means for SOA 120 8.4.1. How can we find the correct services? 120 8.4.2. The link between urbanization, the object-oriented approach and SOA 121 8.5. Advantages of the Praxeme method 124 8.5.1. A method that unites different approaches and integrates SOA 124 8.5.2. Risks associated with the Praxeme method 126 Chapter 9. Modeling with Praxeme 129 9.1. The modeling of requirements 130 9.2. Semantic modeling 130 9.2.1. The basic principles 130 9.2.2. How to obtain a semantic model 133 9.2.3. How to validate a semantic model 134 9.2.4. Semantic models and property rights – who owns a semantic model? 134 9.2.5. The structure of a semantic model 135 9.3. Pragmatic modeling 137 9.3.1. The basic principles 137 9.3.2. A new procedure for designing processes 139 9.3.3. Usage view 140 9.4. Pre-modeling 142 9.5. Logical modeling 143 9.5.1. SOA’s style of logical architecture 143 9.5.2. Service-oriented architecture as logical architecture 144 9.5.3. Types of logical components 145 9.5.4. The strata of logical architecture 151 9.5.5. Pivot language 153 9.5.6. Service algorithm specification 154 9.5.7. Specification of the services’ pre- and post-conditions 154 9.5.8. Logical architecture of data 156 9.5.9. Logical architecture of data repositories 157 9.5.10. Logical architecture and user interface 158 9.5.11. Designing a logic for tests 159 9.5.12. Considering ERP 160 9.5.13. Considering existent assets 160 9.5.14. Federation of systems 160 9.5.15. Roles of logical modeling 161 9.6. Logical modeling of batch computing 162 9.7. Technical modeling 163 9.7.1. Required competences 163 9.7.2. Technical/logical negotiation 164 9.8. Software modeling 166 9.8.1. General principles 166 9.8.2. Towards the industrialization of programming 169 9.9. Benefits of the methodology 169 9.9.1. Opportunities 169 9.9.2. Obstacles 171 Part IV. Mastering Existing Techniques 173 Chapter 10. Tools for Industrializing the Method 175 10.1. Requirements in the industrialization of procedures 176 10.2. Frameworks and design patterns 178 10.2.1. From services framework to virtual machines 179 10.2.2. Frameworks and human–machine interfaces 182 10.2.3. Design patterns 186 10.3. Tools for increased agility 189 10.3.1. Rules engine 189 10.3.2. Reference data management system 196 10.4. Representation tools 203 10.4.1. Modeling CASE tool 203 10.4.2. Formal language (pseudo-language) 207 10.4.3. MDA 209 10.5. Tools for tests and management 212 10.5.1. Non-regression tests 212 10.5.2. Designing tests and test data 213 10.5.3. Different levels of tests 214 10.6. Tools for the management of different versions and the configuration of programs 216 10.6.1. The level of versions and variants 216 10.6.2. The level of delivery packages 218 10.7. Benefits of using tools in the method 219 10.7.1. Opportunities 219 10.7.2. Risks 220 Chapter 11. Systems Integration and Common Information Language 223 11.1. New requirements in communication 225 11.1.1. Increase of data flow 225 11.1.2. Considering the business 225 11.1.3. Take the bus! 227 11.2. ESB’s functions 227 11.2.1. Use perimeter 227 11.2.2. ESB’s components 230 11.3. Integrating ESB into SI 235 11.3.1. Towards a common language 235 11.4. ESB’s benefits 239 11.4.1. Opportunities 239 11.4.2. Limitations 240 Chapter 12. SOA Platform 243 12.1. Requirements for the global vision of technical architecture 244 12.2. New technical components 245 12.2.1. The transformation of data 245 12.2.2. From a directory to a registry of services 248 12.2.3. Security 250 12.2.4. Traceability of services in production 252 12.2.5. BAM and CEP 254 12.2.6. Business Intelligence 255 12.2.7. Editing 257 12.3. Managing performance 259 12.3.1. A new order of things? 259 12.3.2. Best practice 260 12.3.3. Testing performance 261 12.4. Managing exploitation 263 12.5. Managing maintenance 269 12.6. Benefits of SOA platforms 265 12.6.1. Opportunities 265 12.6.2. Limitations 266 Chapter 13. Rules Management at the Scale of the Whole Enterprise 267 Jérôme BOYER, ILOG Software 13.1. Overview 267 13.2. Deep view 268 13.3. When to use a rule engine 271 13.4. Logical architecture view 273 13.5. BRMS and SOA 283 Chapter 14. Semantic Integration 287 Erik STEINHOLTZ, Progress Software 14.1. Enabling the adaptive enterprise 288 14.2. Inhibitors for change 289 14.3. Definition of semantic integration 290 14.4. Parallel track information modeling 291 14.5. Change inhibitors addressed with semantic integration 294 14.6. Putting it to work 295 14.6.1. Canonicalizing the BIM 295 14.6.2. The quick win: a pilot project 296 14.6.3. Using the CIM for integration 296 14.6.4. Tools used 297 14.6.5. Managing change and keeping the models alive 298 Conclusion 299 Weblinks 303 Bibliography 305 Special Technical Note 307 Index 309

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Book SynopsisAmanda Lagerkvist is Professor of Media and Communication Studies at the Centre for Multidisciplinary Research on Religion and Society at Uppsala University, Sweden, and Core Fellow at HCAS, the University of Helsinki, Finland.Jacek Smolicki is a researcher, artist, designer and 2026 Loeb Fellow at Harvard Graduate School of Design, USA.

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