Description
Book SynopsisIn this book, Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is approached from a strictly practical and application-oriented point of view. Based on the characteristics and constraints of modern fiber-optic components, transport systems and fibers, the textprovides relevant rules of thumb and practical hints for technology selection, WDM system and link dimensioning, and also for network-related aspects such as wavelength assignment and resilience mechanisms. Actual 10/40 Gb/s WDM systems are considered, and apreview ofthe upcoming 100 Gb/s systems and technologies for even higher bit rates is given as well.
Key features:
- Considers WDM from ULH backbone (big picture view)down to PON access (micro view).
- Includes allmajor telecom and datacom applications.
- Provides the relevant background for state-of-the-art and next-gen systems.
- Offerspractical guidelines for system / link engineering.
Trade Review“This book would be an excellent reference for advanced undergraduate students and graduate researchers, as well as professional engineers.” (Optics & Photonics News, 6 June 2014)
Table of ContentsAcknowledgments xi
1 Introduction to WDM 1
1.1 WDM Theory 1
1.2 History of WDM 2
References 4
2 Optical Fiber Effects 7
2.1 Linear Effects 7
2.2 Nonlinear Fiber Effects 25
References 51
3 Components and Subsystems 55
3.1 Transmitters 55
Laser Diodes 63
3.2 Transmission Line 84
3.3 Receivers 135
3.4 Digital Electronics 146
References 162
4 Nonfiber-Related Effects 177
4.1 Linear Cross Talk 177
4.2 Noise in Optical Transmission Systems 181
Chains 187
References 193
5 Modulation Formats For WDM 197
5.1 Basic Modulation 197
5.2 Pulse Shaping 202
5.3 Modulation Formats 206
5.4 Coherent Intradyne Dual-Polarization QAM Detection 231
5.5 Optical OFDM 240
5.6 Comparison of Modulation Formats 243
References 247
6 System Realization 253
6.1 Access Networks 253
Arrays 261
Transmitters 266
6.2 Corporate Networks (Storage Reach Extensions) 277
6.3 WDM Transport Encryption 287
6.4 Metro and Regional Networks 288
6.5 Long-Haul and Ultralong-Haul Systems 294
Dispersion 297
6.6 Future Network Configurations and Convergence 313
References 321
7 WDM Network Management 327
7.1 Layered Network 327
7.2 Management Approaches 329
7.3 Basic EMS NMS and OSS Functionality 331
7.4 Data Communications Network 334
7.5 Management System Interfaces 337
7.6 Control Plane 339
References 348
8 Selected Network Issues 349
8.1 Overview of the Optical Transport Network 349
8.2 Monitoring in WDM Systems 356
8.3 Flexible WDM Networks 375
8.4 Protection and Restoration 377
References 389
9 Standards Relevant for WDM 395
9.1 ITU-T Recommendations 395
9.2 Others 396
10 Practical Approximations and Tips 401
10.1 Conversion Between Bit Error Rate and Equivalent Q-Factor 401
10.2 Properties of a PRBS Signal 402
10.3 Chromatic Dispersion Values and Propagation Constants 403
References 404
Index 405
