Description
Book SynopsisTHE TELECOMMUNICATIONS HANDBOOK
ENGINEERING GUIDELINES FOR FIXED, MOBILE AND SATELLITE SYSTEMS
Taking a practical approach, The Telecommunications Handbook examines the principles and details of all the major and modern telecommunications systems currently available to industry and to end-users. It gives essential information about usage, architectures, functioning, planning, construction, measurements and optimization. The structure of the book is modular, giving both overall descriptions of the architectures and functionality of typical use cases, as well as deeper and practical guidelines for telecom professionals.
The focus of the book is on current and future networks, and the most up-to-date functionalities of each network are described in sufficient detail for deployment purposes. The contents include an introduction to each technology, its evolution path, feasibility and utilization, solution and network architecture, and technical function
Table of Contents
Preface xxv
Acknowledgements xxvii
Abbreviations xxix
List of Contributors xlv
1 Introduction 1
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
1.1 General 1
1.2 Short History of Telecommunications 2
1.3 The Telecommunications Scene 5
1.4 The Focus of the Book 15
1.5 Instructions for Reading the Book Contents 16
References 20
2 Standardization and Regulation 23
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Standardization Bodies 23
2.3 Industry Forums 38
2.4 Other Entities 44
2.5 Frequency Regulation 45
2.6 National Regulators 46
2.7 Guideline for Finding and Interpreting Standards 47
References 47
3 Telecommunications Principles 49
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
3.1 Introduction 49
3.2 Terminology and Planning Principles 49
3.3 Evolution 58
3.4 Spectrum Allocations 64
3.5 Physical Aspects 64
References 71
4 Protocols 73
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 OSI 74
4.3 Fixed Networks 82
4.4 Mobile Networks 89
4.5 Data Networks 90
4.6 Error Recovery 93
4.7 LAP Protocol Family 96
4.8 Cross-Layer Protocol Principles 98
References 99
5 Connectivity and Payment 101
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
5.1 Connectivity 101
5.2 Definitions 101
5.3 IP Connectivity 102
5.4 Wired Connectivity 105
5.5 Radio Connectivity in the Near Field 114
5.6 NFC and Secure Payment 115
5.7 Secure Payment 120
5.8 Bluetooth 125
5.9 Hearing Aid Compatibility 129
5.10 Other Connectivity Technologies 131
References 132
6 Fixed Telecommunications Networks 135
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
6.1 Introduction 135
6.2 Network Topologies 135
6.3 Redundancy 138
6.4 Telephone Network 139
6.5 User Devices 140
6.6 Plain Old Public Telephone System (POTS) 145
6.7 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 149
6.8 Intelligent Network (IN) 153
6.9 SIP 155
6.10 Telephony Solutions for Companies 159
6.11 Transport 161
6.12 Cloud Computing 161
References 163
7 Data Networks 165
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen, Tero Jalkanen and Ilkka Keisala
7.1 Introduction 165
7.2 IPv4 165
7.3 IPv6 169
7.4 Routing 172
7.5 ATM 174
7.6 Frame Relay 176
7.7 LAN and MAN 177
7.8 Wi-Fi 189
7.9 Inter-Operator Networks 202
References 204
8 Telecommunications Network Services and Applications 207
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
8.1 Introduction 207
8.2 Voice 207
8.3 Messaging 208
8.4 Audio and Video 210
8.5 Health Care 212
8.6 Education 212
8.7 CSTA 213
8.8 Advanced Telecommunications Functionalities 214
8.9 Business Exchange 218
8.10 Public IP Network Develops to NGN 218
8.11 Voice Service Access Points 222
8.12 Mobile Services 224
References 236
9 Transmission Networks 237
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen and Juha Kallio
9.1 Introduction 237
9.2 Physical Transmission Systems 237
9.3 Coding Techniques 238
9.4 PCM 241
9.5 Coding Techniques 243
9.6 PDH 245
9.7 SDH 245
9.8 WDM 246
9.9 Carrier Ethernet Transport 247
9.10 IP Multimedia Subsystem 250
9.11 Case Example: LTE Transport 257
9.12 Cloud Computing and Transport 257
References 259
10 Modulation and Demodulation 261
Patrick Marsch and Jyrki Penttinen
10.1 Introduction 261
10.2 General 261
10.3 Analog Modulation Methods 262
10.4 Digital Modulation and Demodulation 264
References 280
11 3GPP Mobile Communications: GSM 281
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
11.1 Introduction 281
11.2 Development of GSM 281
11.3 Specification of GSM 285
11.4 Architecture of GSM 286
11.5 Functionality of GSM 294
11.6 Numbering of GSM 303
11.7 GSM Data 308
11.8 Dual Half Rate 317
11.9 DFCA 341
11.10 EDGE 349
11.11 DLDC 354
11.12 EDGE2 366
References 367
12 3GPP Mobile Communications: WCDMA and HSPA 371
Patrick Marsch, Michat Maternia, Michal Panek, Ali Yaver, Ryszard Dokuczat and Rybakowski Marcin
12.1 Network Architecture 371
12.2 Physical Layer Aspects 376
12.3 Radio Interface Procedures 387
12.4 WCDMA/HSPA Evolution since Release 5 402
12.5 Planning and Dimensioning of WCDMA/HSPA Networks 410
References 415
13 3GPP Mobile Communications: LTE/SAE and LTE-A 417
Jacek Góra, Krystian Safjan, Jarostaw Lachowski, Agnieszka Szufarska, Stanistaw Strzyÿz,Szymon Stefánski, Damian Kolmas, Jyrki T. J. Penttinen, Francesco D. Calabrese,Guillaume Monghal, Mohammad Anas, Luis Maestro, Juha Kallio and Olli Ramula
13.1 Introduction 417
13.2 Architecture 418
13.3 Elements 419
13.4 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network 422
13.5 Interfaces 428
13.6 Protocol Stacks 430
13.7 Layer 2 Structure 434
13.8 LTE Radio Network 435
13.9 LTE Spectrum 436
13.10 Physical Layer 438
13.11 SC-FDM and SC-FDMA 448
13.12 Frame Structure and Physical Channels 449
13.13 Physical Layer Procedures 453
13.14 User Mobility 455
13.15 Radio Resource Management Procedures 457
13.16 Link Adaptation 458
13.17 ICIC 459
13.18 Reporting 463
13.19 LTE Radio Resource Management 466
13.20 RRM Principles and Algorithms Common to UL and DL 467
13.21 Uplink RRM 477
13.22 Downlink RRM 482
13.23 Intra-LTE Handover 485
13.24 LTE Release 8/9 Features 487
13.25 LTE-Advanced Features (Rel. 10) 496
13.26 LTE Transport and Core Network 504
13.27 Transport Network 506
13.28 Core Network 509
13.29 Charging 510
References 513
14 Wireless LAN and Evolution 515
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
14.1 Introduction 515
14.2 WLAN Standards 515
14.3 IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) 515
14.4 IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) 524
14.5 Evolved IEEE 802.16 (4G) 529
14.6 Comparison of Wireless Technologies 534
References 536
15 Terrestrial Broadcast Networks 537
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
15.1 Introduction 537
15.2 Analog Systems 537
15.3 Digital Radio 539
15.4 Digital Television 540
References 552
16 Satellite Systems: Communications 555
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
16.1 Introduction 555
16.2 Principles of Satellite Systems 556
16.3 Voice and Data Services 569
16.4 Broadcast Satellite Systems 571
16.5 Standardization 574
16.6 Commercial Satellite Systems 577
16.7 Radio Link Budget 595
References 601
17 Satellite Systems: Location Services and Telemetry 603
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
17.1 General 603
17.2 GPS 604
17.3 GALILEO 608
17.4 Positioning Systems: Other Initiatives 614
17.5 Space Research 616
17.6 Weather and Meteorological Satellites 616
17.7 Military Systems 617
References 619
18 Other and Special Networks 621
Pertti Virtanen and Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
18.1 IS-95 621
18.2 CDMA2000 624
18.3 TETRA 625
References 640
19 Security Aspects of Telecommunications: 3GPP Mobile Networks 641
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
19.1 Introduction 641
19.2 Basic Principles of Protection 641
19.3 GSM Security 642
19.4 UMTS Security 647
19.5 LTE Security 649
19.6 LTE/SAE Service Security: Case Example 659
19.7 Authentication and Authorization 663
19.8 Customer Data Safety 665
19.9 Lawful Interception 665
References 668
20 Planning of 2G Networks 669
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
20.1 General Planning Guidelines for Fixed Networks 669
20.2 Capacity Planning 672
20.3 Coverage Planning 675
20.4 Frequency Planning 679
20.5 Parameter Planning 681
20.6 Network Measurements 683
20.7 Effects of Data Services on GSM Planning 684
20.8 Other Planning Considerations 714
20.9 GSM/GPRS Measurement and Simulation Techniques 722
20.10 Simulations 729
References 741
21 Planning of Advanced 3G Networks 743
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
21.1 Introduction 743
21.2 Radio Network Planning Process 743
21.3 Nominal Network Planning 746
21.4 Capacity Planning 749
21.5 Coverage Planning 750
21.6 Self-Optimizing Network 757
21.7 Parameter Planning 759
References 776
22 Planning of Mobile TV Networks 777
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
22.1 Introduction 777
22.2 High-Level Network Dimensioning Process 777
22.3 Detailed Radio Network Design 795
22.4 Radiation Limitations 818
22.5 Cost Prediction and Optimization 819
References 830
23 Planning of Core Networks 835
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen and Jukka Hongisto
23.1 Introduction 835
23.2 General Planning Guidelines for Fixed Networks 835
23.3 Planning of the Networks 836
23.4 Capacity Planning 838
23.5 Network Evolution from 2G/3G PS Core to EPC 840
23.6 Entering Commercial Phase: Support for Multimode LTE/3G/2G Terminals with Pre-Release 8 SGSN 841
23.7 SGSN/MME Evolution 845
23.8 Case Example: Commercial SGSN/MME Offering 846
23.9 Mobile Gateway Evolution 847
23.10 Case Example: Commercial GGSN/S-GW/P-GW Offering 847
23.11 EPC Network Deployment and Topology Considerations 848
23.12 LTE Access Dimensioning 850
Reference 851
24 EMF – Radiation Safety and Health Aspects 853
Jouko Rautio and Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
24.1 Introduction 853
24.2 The EMF Question 856
24.3 The Scientific Principle and Process: The Precautionary Principle 856
24.4 The Expert Organizations and Regulation 858
24.5 Some Topics of the EMF Debate 860
24.6 SAR 864
24.7 The Safety Distance and Installation 866
24.8 Summing Up 869
24.9 High-Power Network Planning 870
References 880
25 Deployment and Transition of Telecommunication Systems 883
Michat Maternia
25.1 Introduction 883
25.2 Why to Deploy Wireless Systems 883
25.3 Transition of Telecommunication Systems 885
25.4 Network Deployments 886
25.5 Spectrum Considerations for Network Transition 900
25.6 Terminals Support for the Network Transition 904
25.7 Evolution of Macro Sites and Deployment of Small Cells 906
25.8 Beyond 4G Systems: 5G 910
25.9 Challenges and Possibilities 911
References 913
26 Wireless Network Measurements 915
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen
26.1 Introduction 915
26.2 Principles of Radio Interface Measurements 915
26.3 GSM/GPRS 915
26.4 LTE 921
26.5 LTE Field Measurements 928
References 934
Index 935
