Description
Book SynopsisThis book describes the application of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar to earth remote sensing based on research at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). This book synthesizes all current research to provide practical information for both the newcomer and the expert in radar polarimetry.
Trade Review“It is also an ideal reference for radar remote sensing researchers, engineers and practitioners in the aerospace industry.” (Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 1 August 2013)
Table of ContentsNote From the Series Editor xi
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Authors xix
1. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Imaging Basics 1
1.1 Basic Principles of Radar Imaging 2
1.2 Radar Resolution 6
1.3 Radar Equation 10
1.4 Real Aperture Radar 11
1.5 Synthetic Aperture Radar 13
1.6 Radar Image Artifacts and Noise 16
1.7 Summary 22
References 22
2. Basic Principles of SAR Polarimetry 23
2.1 Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves 23
2.2 Mathematical Representations of Scatterers 27
2.3 Implementation of a Radar Polarimeter 32
2.4 Polarization Response 34
2.5 Optimum Polarizations 53
2.6 Contrast Enhancement 65
2.7 Summary 71
References 71
3. Advanced Polarimetric Concepts 73
3.1 Vector-Matrix Duality of Scatterer Representation 73
3.2 Eigenvalue- and Eigenvector-Based Polarimetric Parameters 76
3.3 Decomposition of Polarimetric Scattering 88
3.4 Image Classification 125
3.5 Polarimetric SAR Interferometry 135
3.6 Summary 141
References 141
4. Polarimetric SAR Calibration 145
4.1 Polarimetric Radar System Model 145
4.2 Cross Talk Estimation and Removal 152
4.3 Copolarized Channel Imbalance Calibration 161
4.4 Absolute Radiometric Calibration 166
4.5 Faraday Rotation 177
4.6 Summary 179
References 180
5. Applications: Measurement of Surface Soil Moisture 182
5.1 Surface Electrical and Geometrical Properties 183
5.2 Scattering from Bare Rough Surfaces 196
5.3 Example Bare Surface Soil Moisture Inversion Models 201
5.4 Comparison of the Performance of Bare Surface Inversion Models 211
5.5 Parameterizing Scattering Models 216
5.6 Inverting the IEM Model 222
5.7 Scattering from Vegetated Terrain 225
5.8 Simulation Results 239
5.9 Time Series Estimation of Soil Moisture 252
5.10 Summary 257
References 258
Appendixes
A. Tilted Small Perturbation Model Details 262
B. Bistatic Scattering Matrix of a Cylinder with Arbitrary Orientation 267
C. Nomenclature 276
Index 279
