Description
Book SynopsisSustainable Surface Water Management: a handbook for SUDS addresses issues as diverse as flooding, water quality, amenity and biodiversity but also mitigation of, and adaptation to, global climate change, human health benefits and reduction in energy use. Chapters are included to cover issues from around the world, but they also address particular designs associated with the implementation of SUDS in tropical areas, problems with retrofitting SUDS devices, SUDS modelling, water harvesting in drought-stricken countries using SUDS and the inclusion of SUDS in the climate change strategies of such cities as Tokyo, New York and Strasbourg.
Table of ContentsList of Contributors xv
About the Editors xix
Section 1 Introduction to the Book 1
Chapter 1 An Overture of Sustainable Surface Water Management 3
Colin A. Booth and Susanne M. Charlesworth
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Surface Water Management 3
1.3 Sustainable Surface Water Management 5
1.4 Organisation of the Book 5
References 9
Section 2 Sustainable Surface Water Management in Context 11
Chapter 2 Back to the Future? History and Contemporary Application of Sustainable Drainage Techniques 13
Susanne M. Charlesworth, Luis Angel Sanudo Fontaneda and Larry W. Mays
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 ‘Sustainability’? 14
2.3 Rainwater Harvesting in Antiquity 15
2.4 Water Quality Improvement 19
2.5 Water Quantity Reduction: Sub‐Surface Drainage 23
2.6 Water Storage 24
2.7 Reduction in Water Demand: Greywater Recycling 24
2.8 Reducing Water Velocity 25
2.9 Non‐Structural Approaches to Sustainable Water Management 26
2.10 Conclusions 28
References 28
Chapter 3 Surface Water Strategy, Policy and Legislation 31
Frank Warwick
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 Legislative Hierarchies 32
3.3 Case Study – The United Kingdom 33
3.4 Comparison of UK Approaches with Other Countries 41
3.5 Conclusions 42
References 42
Chapter 4 Sustainable Drainage Systems: Operation and Maintenance 45
Neil Berwick
4.1 Introduction 45
4.2 What is Operation and Maintenance and Why is it Important? 46
4.3 Inspection, Reporting and Maintenance 47
4.4 Maintenance Schedules and Planned Maintenance 50
4.5 Other Considerations that Will Impact on Maintenance 52
4.6 Conclusions 54
References 55
Section 3 Functions of Sustainable Drainage Systems 57
Chapter 5 Water Quantity: Attenuation of the Storm Peak 59
Craig Lashford, Susanne M. Charlesworth and Frank Warwick
5.1 Introduction 59
5.2 Conventional Drainage, Water Flow and Volume 59
5.3 Existing Flood Management 60
5.4 Water Quantity 61
5.5 History of SuDS Implementation 62
5.6 The Management Train 65
5.7 Retrofit 70
5.8 New Build 71
5.9 Flow Control 72
5.10 Conclusions 72
References 74
Chapter 6 Urban Water and Sediment Quality 79
Lian Lundy
6.1 Introduction 79
6.2 Sources of Pollutants Mobilised by Urban Runoff 79
6.3 Quality of Urban Runoff Originating from a Range of Land Use Types 80
6.4 Quality and Behaviour of Sediment in Urban Receiving Water Bodies 82
6.5 Treatment of Urban Runoff Using SuDS 83
6.6 Pollutant Removal Processes that Occur in SuDS 85
6.7 Quality and Behaviour of Sediment in SuDS 87
References 88
Chapter 7 Sustainable Drainage Systems: Delivering Multiple Benefits for People and Wildlife 91
Andy Graham
7.1 Introduction 91
7.2 Getting Better SuDS 92
7.3 SuDS and How They Support Biodiversity 93
7.4 Involving People 95
7.5 Designing SuDS for People and Wildlife 96
7.6 SuDS Management Trains and Their Wildlife Benefits 98
7.7 Community Managed and Wildlife‐Rich SuDS – a Case Study of Springhill Cohousing, Stroud, Gloucestershire 103
References 104
Chapter 8 Amenity: Delivering Value for Society 105
Stella Apostolaki and Alison Duffy
8.1 Emergence of the Amenity Concept 105
8.2 Amenity, Recreation and Biodiversity in the Built Environment 107
8.3 SuDS Amenity and Sustainable Development 110
8.4 Reviewing the Public Perception of the Concept of Amenity and SuDS 111
8.5 Conclusions 112
References 112
Chapter 9 Biodegradation in Green Infrastructure 115
Alan P. Newman and Stephen J. Coupe
9.1 Introduction 115
9.2 Environmental Conditions and Requirements for Biodegradation 116
9.3 Biofilms: What They Are, What They Do and How They Work 118
9.4 Biodegradation in Green SuDS 119
9.5 Nitrogen in Green SuDS 122
9.6 Conclusions 123
References 124
Chapter 10 Hydrocarbon Biodegradation in Hard Infrastructure 127
Stephen J. Coupe, Alan P. Newman and Luis Angel Sanudo Fontaneda
10.1 Introduction 127
10.2 Hard SuDS Structure, Design and Related Technologies 128
10.3 Evidence of Biodegradation in Hard SuDS 130
10.4 Hard SuDS Microbiology and Biofilms 132
10.5 Design and Diversification from Standard Hard SuDS 134
10.6 Other Hard SuDS Biodegradation Studies 135
10.7 Design Optimisation for Catastrophic Pollution Events 136
10.8 Conclusions 138
References 139
Chapter 11 Use of Geosynthetics for Sustainable Drainage 142
Luis Angel Sanudo Fontaneda, Elena Blanco‐Fernandez, Stephen J. Coupe, Jaime Carpio, Alan P. Newman and Daniel Castro‐Fresno
11.1 Introduction to Geosynthetics 142
11.2 Classifications, Functions and Applications of Geosynthetics 143
11.3 Application of Geotextiles in SuDS 145
11.4 Secondary Uses for Urban Water 150
11.5 Conclusions 151
References 152
Section 4 Multiple Benefits of Sustainable Drainage Systems 157
Chapter 12 Natural Flood Risk Management and its Role in Working with Natural Processes 159
Tom Lavers and Susanne M. Charlesworth
12.1 Introduction 159
12.2 Defining NFRM 159
12.3 Examples of NFRM Studies 161
12.4 Significance of NFRM in Meeting Policy Agendas 171
12.5 Conclusions 172
References 172
Statuses 176
Chapter 13 Sustainable Drainage Systems and Energy: Generation and Reduction 177
Amal Faraj‐Lloyd, Susanne M. Charlesworth and Stephen J. Coupe
13.1 Introduction 177
13.2 Ground Source Heat Extraction 178
13.3 Pervious Paving Systems 178
13.4 Results of Monitoring the EcoHouse 182
13.5 The Hanson Stewartby Office, Bedford, UK 184
13.6 Reducing Energy Use: The Use of Green and Blue Infrastructure on Buildings 186
13.7 Conclusions 188
References 189
Chapter 14 Carbon Sequestration and Storage: The Case for Green Roofs in Urban Areas 193
Brad Rowe
14.1 Introduction 193
14.2 The Importance of Carbon Sequestration 193
14.3 Coupling the Stormwater Management Benefits of Green Roofs with Carbon Sequestration 195
14.4 Carbon Sequestration on Green Roofs 197
14.5 Embodied Energy 198
14.6 Improving Carbon Sequestration Potential 199
14.7 Conclusions 201
References 201
Chapter 15 Dual‐Purpose Rainwater Harvesting System Design 205
Peter Melville‐Shreeve, Sarah Ward and David Butler
15.1 Introduction 205
15.2 RWH and SuDS in England and Wales 206
15.3 Approaches to Stormwater Source Control Using RwH in England and Wales 207
15.4 Integrating Stormwater Source Control into RwH System Design 209
15.5 Conclusions 215
Acknowledgements 216
References 216
Chapter 16 Progress with Integration of Ecosystem Services in SuDS 218
Mark Everard, Robert J. McInnes and Hazem Gouda
16.1 Introduction 218
16.2 Potential Contribution of SuDS Types to Ecosystem Services 220
16.3 Analysis of Ecosystem Service Outcomes from SuDS Schemes 221
16.4 Recognising the Multi‐Functional Opportunities of SuDS 228
16.5 Conclusions and Recommendations 230
References 230
Section 5 Integrating Sustainable Surface Water Management into the Built Environment 233
Chapter 17 Whole Life Costing and Multiple Benefits of Sustainable Drainage 235
Jessica E. Lamond
17.1 Introduction 235
17.2 Whole Life Costing 236
17.3 Multiple Benefits of SuDS 238
17.4 Conclusions 241
Acknowledgement 242
References 242
Chapter 18 Green Roof and Permeable Paving Retrofit to Mitigate Pluvial Flooding 245
Sara Wilkinson, David G. Proverbs and Jessica E. Lamond
18.1 Introduction 245
18.2 Types of Green Roof for Stormwater Management 246
18.3 Building Retrofit Characteristics 247
18.4 Drivers and Barriers to the Uptake of SuDS in Melbourne 253
18.5 Estimation of Runoff Under Different Scenarios 255
18.6 Conclusions and Further Research 255
Acknowledgements 256
References 256
Chapter 19 Contemporary Landscapes and Buildings of Motorway Service Areas 259
Colin A. Booth and Anne‐Marie McLaughlin
19.1 Introduction 259
19.2 Motorway Service Areas in the UK 259
19.3 Exemplar Motorway Service Areas 260
19.4 Conclusions 267
References 267
Chapter 20 Modelling for Design 270
Craig Lashford, Susanne M. Charlesworth and Frank Warwick
20.1 Introduction 270
20.2 One‐Dimensional Modelling 270
20.3 Two‐Dimensional Flood Modelling 271
20.4 One‐Dimensional and Two‐Dimensional Modelling 271
20.5 Three‐Dimensional Modelling 271
20.6 Modelling Uncertainty 271
20.7 Validation of Models: Monitoring of SuDS Management Trains 272
20.8 Scale of Drainage Modelling 272
20.9 Issues with SuDS Modelling 274
20.10 Case Study: Modelling the Impacts of a SuDS Management Train at Prior Deram Park, Coventry, UK, Using MicrodrainageR 276
20.11 Case Study: Decision Support Tool for Coventry, UK 278
20.12 Site Design 280
20.13 Conclusions 281
References 281
Chapter 21 Public Perceptions of Sustainable Drainage Devices 285
Glyn Everett
21.1 Introduction 285
21.2 Public Preferences and Understanding of Flood Risk Management 286
21.3 The Sustainability of SuDS 286
21.4 Attitudes and Behaviour: Portland, Oregon, USA 288
21.5 Co‐development and Co‐ownership 292
21.6 Conclusions 293
References 293
Section 6 Global Sustainable Surface Water Management 299
Chapter 22 Sustainable Drainage Out of the Temperate Zone: The Humid Tropics 301
Susanne M. Charlesworth and Margaret Mezue
22.1 Introduction 301
22.2 Modification of the Urban Hydrological Cycle by Urbanisation in Tropical Countries 303
22.3 Vegetated Devices 303
22.4 Case Study: Sustainable Drainage in Malaysia 308
22.5 Conclusions 312
References 313
Chapter 23 Sustainable Drainage Systems in Brazil 315
Marcelo Gomes Miguez and Aline Pires Verol
23.1 Introduction 315
23.2 The History of SuDS in Brazil – an Academic Perspective 316
23.3 Legal Framework 319
23.4 Case Examples 320
23.5 Concluding Remarks 325
References 326
Chapter 24 Interim Measures Towards Sustainable Drainage in the Informal Settlements of South Africa 328
Kevin Winter
24.1 Introduction 328
24.2 Overview of the Development of Informal Settlements in South Africa 330
24.3 Co‐Management of Drainage 330
24.4 Langrug: A Case Study of an Informal Settlement 331
24.5 Research‐Led Efforts: First Approach 333
24.6 Discussion on Research‐Led Approach to Drainage 335
24.7 Building Partnerships: A Second Approach 337
24.8 Provincial Government Intervention 339
24.9 Biomimicry at Work: Greywater Swales 339
24.10 Sustainable Urban Drainage Centre 339
24.11 Discussion 341
24.12 Conclusions 343
References 343
Chapter 25 Low Impact Development in the USA 345
Bruce K. Ferguson
25.1 Introduction 345
25.2 Unifying Legislation 345
25.3 Stormwater Management Practices 346
25.4 Low‐Impact Development 348
25.5 Stormwater and Urban Agendas 350
25.6 Choices in Challenging Urban Districts 352
References 354
Chapter 26 Sustainable Drainage Systems in Spain 355
Valerio C. Andres‐Valeri, Sara Perales‐Momparler, Luis Angel Sanudo Fontaneda, Ignacio Andres‐Domenech, Daniel Castro‐Fresno and Ignacio Escuder‐Bueno
26.1 Introduction 355
26.2 SuDS Case Studies in the Northern Regions of Spain 357
26.3 Integration of SuDS into New Urban Developments 361
26.4 SuDS Retrofitting Case Studies in the Mediterranean Region 362
26.5 Conclusions 366
References 368
Chapter 27 Sustainable Drainage at the City Scale: A Case Study in Glasgow, Scotland 370
Neil McLean
27.1 Introduction 370
27.2 SuDS and Legislation 371
27.3 The Importance of Multi‐Functionality 372
27.4 Design Studies 373
27.5 Nitshill Design Study 375
27.6 City Centre Surface Water Management 376
27.7 Funding 377
27.8 The Future 378
References 378
Chapter 28 Water Sensitive Design in Auckland, New Zealand 380
Robyn Simcock
28.1 Introduction 380
28.2 WSD in Auckland: Drivers of Design 382
28.3 Case Study: Wynyard Quarter 388
28.4 Conclusions and Parting Thought 389
References 390
Section 7 Summary of the Book 393
Chapter 29 Challenges for the Future: Are Sustainable Drainage Systems Really Sustainable? 395
Susanne M. Charlesworth and Colin A. Booth
29.1 Introduction 395
29.2 Barriers and Drivers 396
29.3 What is the Future for SuDS? 398
29.4 Conclusions 399
References 399
Index 400
