Description
Book SynopsisIn the period between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries a considerable number of Scots migrated to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Some sojourned there for some time, while others stayed permanently and exercised commercial business and crafts. The migration stopped in the eighteenth century, and the Scots who remained in Poland seem to have lost their ethnic identity. This book offers an examination and assessment of this migration: numbers of migrants; patterns of settlement; laws regulating Scottish presence in Poland-Lithuania; their commercial, academic, religious and military activities; their social advancement into the Polish nobility; their assimilation and then the eventual disappearance as a distinct ethnic group in Poland-Lithuania.
Trade ReviewBajer’s book is an important contribution to the field and the first general attempt in modern scholarship to revise the stereotypical narrative (or even lack thereof) on the Scottish diaspora in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It brings a significant body of data for future analysis, aided by cross-checking between different types of source and puts forward a set of interesting hypotheses. Michał Wasiucionek, European Review of History: Revue europeenne d'histoire, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 318-320
Table of ContentsList of Figures, Maps and Tables ... xi Acknowledgements ... xv Abbreviations ... xix Conventions and Glossary ... xxiii Introduction A New Perspective on Scottish Migration to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries ... 1 1 Scottish Migration to Poland-Lithuania from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries: The State of Present Scholarship and the Sources ... 11 Manuscripts and Published Primary Sources ... 26 Database of Scots in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1795 ... 37 2 Motives for Scottish Migration: The Socio-Political Situation in Scotland and in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ... 41 Population Surplus, Living Standards and Poverty in Scotland: Grounds for Migration ... 42 Religious Conflicts, War, Pestilence and Primogeniture ... 47 Population and the Economy of the Commonwealth from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries ... 54 Polish-Lithuanian Society ... 64 The Commonwealth’s Army from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries ... 68 Religious Freedom in Poland-Lithuania from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries ... 69 3 The Influx: The Scale of Migration of Scots to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ... 77 The Possible Scale of the Migration as Reflected in Accounts of Contemporaries ... 87 The Scale of the Migration as Reflected in State and Municipal Documents ... 98 The Chronology of Migration ... 103 An Attempt to Assess the Scale of the Migration Based on Parish Records ... 109 4 The Migrants and their Motives: The Social Make-Up of the Scottish Migration and Spheres of Commercial Activity ... 117 The Geographical Origins of the Migrants ... 118 Motives for Migration ... 128 The Commerce and Trade-Oriented Migrants ... 134 Women Migrants ... 140 Mercenaries ... 149 Academics and Scholars ... 154 Clergymen ... 161 Diplomats and Agents ... 166 5 The Life of Scottish Migrants in Poland-Lithuania ... 173 Spheres of Commercial Activity ... 178 Purveyors to the Court: Scotsmen in Privileged Positions ... 183 The Scottish Quest for Ius Civile (Citizenship) ... 186 The Financial Status of Scottish Traders in the Middle of the Seventeenth Century ... 189 The Organisation of the Scots in Poland-Lithuania ... 210 6 The Kirk: Scots in the Reformed Parishes—Defining Identity ... 221 The Reformed Church in Poland-Lithuania ... 223 Religious Toleration in Practice: Scottish Dissendentes, Confessional Prejudice and Religious Tensions ... 227 Scottish Communities in Large Protestant Cities: Parishes in Gdańsk, Elbląg, Toruń and Konigsberg ... 235 Scottish Protestants in the Catholic Cities; The Role of Rural Reformed Parishes ... 254 Scottish Faith Communities under the Patronage of the Nobility ... 275 The Scottish Impact on the Reformed Church in Poland-Lithuania ... 290 7 Successful Integration: Scotsmen and the Polish Nobility ... 303 The Scottish Quest for Indygenat (Naturalisation as a Nobleman) and Nobilitacja (Ennoblement) ... 313 Religious and Professional Life of the Scoto-Polish Nobility ... 325 Usurpations of Noble Status ... 327 Scottish Noble Families in the Commonwealth: Kinship and Blood Relations ... 331 Military Service and the Nobility ... 336 Scoto-Polish Nobility at the End of the Eighteenth Century ... 339 Conclusion Scottish Migration to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries Redefined ... 341 Appendices I List of Scottish and English Contributors to the 1651 Polish Subsidy ... 353 II Scottish Names Appearing in the Baptismal and Marriage Records of St Peter and St Paul Church, Gdańsk 1640–1649 ... 391 III Scottish Names Appearing in the Baptismal and Marriage Records of St Elizabeth Church, Gdańsk 1640–1649 ... 405 IV Scottish Names Appearing in the Baptismal and Marriage Records of the Reformed Church in Konigsberg 1640–1649 ... 420 V Reiestr Auditorow albo Słuchaczow Zboru Wielkanockiego y Lucianowskiego ... 427 VI Scottish Names Appearing in the Baptismal and Marriage Records of the Reformed Church in Wielkanoc/ Lucianowice 1640–1649 ... 429 VII Scottish Names Appearing in the Baptismal and Marriage Records of the Reformed Church in Wilno 1640–1649 ... 435 VIII Scottish Names Appearing in the Baptismal and Marriage Records of the Reformed Church in Kiejdany 1640–1649 . 438 IX Reiestr Auditorow Zboru Kieydańskiego (1697) ... 443 X Citizens of Kiejdany 1658–1735 ... 451 XI Scots Admitted to Civic Rights in Lwow 1557–1754 ... 454 XII British Diplomats in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1580–1700) ... 458 XIII British Officers and Troops under British Command in Poland-Lithuania (1570s–1790s) ... 462 XIV Polish Nobility of British Origin 16th–18th Centuries ... 491 XV Families of Polish Nobility of British Origin 16th–18th Centuries ... 504 Bibliography ... 509 Index of Places ... 559 Index of Persons ... 567
